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Slir tUccliln Chronidf & Constitutionalist. 010 SERIES—VOL ICII NEW SERIES - VOL. LI Ctjrom'cle and &mtfnd. WEDNESDAY, - - JULY 25, 1877 A Cincinnati man owns a shekel 4.00 T years old. He refused S2OO for it. Baltimore ia an unhealthy place. Last week 259 people died there, an un precedented mortality. ■Tbbe Black’s article on the Electoral Commiaaion sold eight editions of the North American Review. Somebody suggests that if Wade Hampton be elected President in 1880, Blaine will insist upon annexing Maine to Canada. There are 12,000 bouses to let in Philadelphia. Families are doubling np, so as not to be worse doubled up by bard times. The editor of the New York Sun has dropped into poetry on Ben Hill, re minding that gentlaman to draw it mild on Hayes. The Nashville American thinks Nez Perce Joseph is to Qeueral Howard as Aliitvde Joseph was to Mr. TftfefllP— one too many for him. Q i—■ If the Hussians in Asia are out of tal low and other national articles of diet, they may sustain life by eating Kurds, when they can catch them. Ip the “fonetio aistnm’’ be adopted, as the Philological Convention suggests, Josn Billinos will become the most classical writer of the day. A free-thinkino member of the Chi cago Board of Education asserts, with out contradiction, that 450,000 people in that city do not go to church. - i—i — During the strike in the Tribune office the editorial staff furnished three compositors and the reporters seven. Wiutelaw Reid acted as foreman. -a ii -*— —- Mb. Criwhhay, an iron master of Wales, gave his daughter a wedding present, the other day, of $2,500,000. That’s a “dollar of the daddy” for you. Mexican territory has been twice in vaded recently by United States troops. The Greasers would declare war but they have not time to do so, between change of rulers. Exgehhivb rates of interest have well nigh ruined the oountry. Suppose mo neyed institutions and capitalists try the virtue of low rates on good security. If they do not, there will be a general smash. Home people think the Turks do not progress. But the establishment of a Constitution and reasonable liberty of speeoh, not to speak of the purchase of American rifles, Paris fashions and Krupp cannon, wonld seem to argue some progress. Scouting the idea that Virginia Re publicans were about to form an alliance with Miss Van Lew, ex-postmistress of Riohmond, the State cruelly declares there hasn’t been a man found bold euongh in Virginia in the last forty years to make an allianoe with that lady. Bam Bard has turned up mysteriously in New Orleans at a Lake dinner with tho Louisiana Returning Board rogues and a number of Federal officials. He ia thought to be an emissary of Presi dent Hayes. If this be true, we are sorry for the President. The number of dentists in the United Hiatus is about 12,000. They use up an nually half a ton of pure gold, besides four times as much cheaper material. "Three millions of artificial teeth are manufactured yearly. In this country the proportion of persons having sound teeth is only one in eighty. We learn that the young son of Mrs. Col. .Smith nee Ghkkley, will be named simply Horace Greeley, the Smith pa tronymic being dropped by general oonsent. Why this insult to the daddy and his name ? There are and have been many illustrious Smiths, and it is just as well that there should be only one famous Greeley. The Cincinnati Gazette says the only candidate that has ever stumped the oountry with a different speech for every plaoe was Horace Greeley. He knew what a power is the Associated Press, and he had the intellectual re sources to give at each plaoe anew speech, so that the press would report each deliverance all over the land. The Chicago Inter-Ocean is fairly flaHoergasted at the retirement of the RepKtMican party from business in Mis sissippi, and especially because the Ma chine there endorsed the President as it ceased to live. What appears peculiar ly to gall the 1-0 is that the Republi cans disbanded in the interests of peace. What will the “ stalwart ” Radicals do Vithout “ wah ?” If there was do “bargain and dicker” in Lonisiaua, why does Oeu. Hawley, tu his Courant, squeal so lustily at the wery threat of investigating Wells £ Cos. f A Massachusetts contemporary motes this, and adds that nothing nerves the average Democrat or the ordinary spectator up to asking questions like a little distress of the average Republican at having them asked. The population of Qreat Britain has, eioee 1801, increased from 10,000,000 to '28,000/100, and the London TSmes esti mates that it will bo doubled in fifty four years. How to feed it will be the great difficulty, for a leading British ag riculturist said in a recent speech: “It appears to me, and it has been observed by many of our leading men, that a steady deterioration is going on in the producing powers of this land.” The Boston Traveller talks season ably thus: “About this time of the year the weary editor, worn out by his labors, and feeling badly in need of rest and recreation for a few months, is visited by a deputation of the readers of his ■pfljHi'ar and influential journal, and presented with a purse containing SI,OOO, more or lee?, to pay the expenses of a •trip to Europe ! Well, why not ? Doesn’t it take as much brains te run a paper as to preach one sermon a week ?” We observe with pleasure that the Atlanta Constitution speaks very kindly of Second .Lieutenant Hrsbt Oi Flipps*. the aolored officer who recently graduated with honor at West Point. That officer certainly deserve* the sympathy and good wishes of all true men everywhere, for it required real heroism for him to go through such a school as the Mili tary Academy with such a high credit to him self and his race. It may be doubted whether any student ever encountered and overcame greater difficulties. It is a hopeful sign of the times to see him generously received by all clames of citizens at his old home in Atlanta, Go., and complimented by a leading paper Mi,.- the Constitution. —National Republican. Republican should havtf’waited 24 hftyrfr or so, and read the Constitu - Ron’s metiale, entitled “Flippxb as a Fraud.” The Washington and Atlanta brethren have been victims of mis placed confidence. A CASE WITH A MORAL. John B. Hays, charged with the crime of mnrder, has had yet another hearing in the Coarts—this time cot up on the merits of the case, but upon a plea of insanity filed by bis counsel. After a lengthy trial the jury found in favor of the plea, and the accused will be sent to the State Lunatic Asylum, there to re main nntil discharged by order of the General Assembly. Most of oar local readers are familiar with the history of this case. Several years ago Hays, while a watchman in the yard of the Charlotte, Colombia and Augusta Railroad, com mitted a homicide. He was arrested, indicted for mnrder and placed in jail, where he has since remained. From the time of his arrest nntil now the case has dragged its slow length along. The Conrt competent to try*the offense with which he was accused meets only twice a year. A continuance postpones trial for six months. A continuance was obtained, we believe, more than once. Then came the trial, and the jnrors failing to agree, there was another delay of six months. At the next trial the accused was con victed of mnrder and sentenced to death. His connsel carried the case to the Su preme Conrt on a motion for anew trial —still another delay of six or eight months. When the case is called for the third time it is discovered that protract ed confinement and mental anxiety have impaired the prisoner’s mind to such an extent that he is insane, and, therefore, mnstgo to theLnnatic Asylnm. Common sense suggests that if be recovers his reason while in that institution he shall be brought back here and tried for the offense charged against him. The case has not been disposed of on its merits. The issue whether Hays com mitted murder of not is still undeter mined, and the people of the county may yet have to pay for several years more of continuances, of mistrials and now trials. We express no opinion as to the gnilt or innocence of the aoeused. Whether innocent or guilty, he haa, as any other man in his condition wonld have, our profound sympathy. But the case has a moral worthy of consideration. Is there not something wrong, in a judicial system, which makes such eases not only possible bnt common? There is nothing new in the general features of the ease. Snch cases occur in every county of the State. In fact, they are almost unavoidable under the present system. It is important to society and to the tax payers that the man accused of crime should have a speedy trial. The long delays which now occur cost the citi zens a great deal of money and often result in the escape of criminals from punish ment. We are informed that the ex pense to the county of the present case has been several thousands of dollars. This is all wrong. Persons charged with felonies should have as speedy a trial as those accused of misdemeanors. Not more than a month should elapse be tween the commission of an offense and the trial of the party accused. Contin uances should be curtailed in number and should not delay trial for more than a month. In eaoh county or Senatorial District of the State there should be a Criminal Court, sitting once every month and having exclusive jurisdiction of all violations of tho penal laws. At all events there should be such a Court for the counties of Richmond, Falton and Chatham, where population is dense, and where felonies are frequent. We oommend this matter to the considera tion of the Constitutional Convention with the hope that some action will be taken to remedy one of the crying evils of the present judicial system. THE IIUMINESS OUTI.OOK. Messrs. R. G. Dun & Cos. have issued their regular quarterly circular. The failures for the United States for the first six mouths of three years are stated as follows : No. of failures. Liabilities. First lialf of 1877 4,749 $ 99,606,000 First half cf 1776 4,600 I<-6,416,000 First half cf 1875 3,563 76,784,26 It is stated that the failures for the first six mouths of 1876 were exception ally large, and hence it is inferred that, so far as the number is concerned, the failures in the first six months of 1877 are larger than for auy previous similar period. In the aggregate of liabilities a decline is noticeable, though for the first quarter the average indebtedness is more than maintained, as will be seen by the following interesting table : 1 First Quarter. Becouil Quarter. I No. I | Aver- No. j I Aver £ of Amount ageLi- of Amount ageLi- Fail-! of 1 abili- Fall-f of | abili lures J Liabilities | ties, urea (Liabilities ! ties ISTs! 1,98*2 *43,176,953 *21,784 11,581 *33,667,3131*21,295 18761*2,806! 64,644,156] *23,038 !1,794| 43,771,273! 24,390 1877,2.869| 54,638,074 j 19,010 jl,Bßo| 45,068,097| 23 972 According to the oircular before us, all the conditions seem to favor better times, yet there appear to be fatal bar riers to their return. These conditions are briefly stated to be good crops, high prices therefor ; small imports, abund ant and cheap money ; a settled politi cal condition, a sustained public credit and the promise of another most abund ant harvest. But the circular adds : The experience of the past does not permit the hope that all this will bring aronnd a pros perous or satisfactory trade. Something more is needed; bnt what the true remedy is none has yet discovered. Numerous explanations are, of course, at hand ; and it is eloquently urged that the adoption of this or that policy would restore confidence and prosperity, yet the faet remains that, in the presence of all favoring conditions, depression reigns, valnes decline, and business is restricted and un profitable. Judging from the state of busi ness abroad, all this is not chargeable to the peculiar disabilities under which this country labors. Other nations, with a gold basis, a low tariff, and not chargeable with either pub lic or private extravagance, are suffering even to a greater extent than the United States with an absence of many of the advantages and prospects which this nation enjoys. Referring to the now generally re ceived impress ton that years of economy and liquidation must follow years of ex pansion and extravagance, the Agency attempts to illustrate the nature and ex tent of this expansion by the rapid growth in the creation of debt. The figures given are probably open to criti cisms, but, put in this shape, they are very significant: The figures most accessible show that the National debt as compared with 61 millions in 1860. amounts to 2,360 millions in 1877; that the States' debt amounts to 575 millions, the municipal debt to 1.000 millions, the railway debt 3.300 millions : the discounts and loans of National and other banks to anothar 1,000 millions, and may be safely estimated at an other 500 millions. Grouping all these roughly together, the visible indebtedness, of whioh some financial conception may be formed, amounts to the vast sum of 97.375. 000.000. The curious can calculate how far the interest on this sum, if regularly paid, would absorb the yearly product of the natural and other re sources of the country. The calculation which the curious are here invited to make leads to the start ling conclusion that the interest on this debt, at six per oent., amounts to over fojjr hundred and forty millions per annum—3 sum larger than the surplus cottoa and grain crops combined. The Agency conelndee Us excellent re view with the following in regard to the Fall trade : Meantime people must eat. drink and wear, and in the aupply of these necessities s certain extent of trade is secure. And this trade ought not to be unsafe in sections of esuntry mainly, dependent on agriculture, which in clude the great West and Soath. where the purchasing and debt paying power is not so restricted as elsewhere. The chief difficulty is that the number engaged in a trade thus limit ed is so far in excess of its extent thst the competition is destructive of profit. The evil is one which will,, it is supposed, cure itself. Unfortunately the principal process by which this will be effected is that of failure, as the voluntary withdrawals, especially from retail trade, ate very rare. The failure statistics are, therefore, likely to*show a continued large number of casualtiee. but in this view may be more significant of health than disease. If a large proportion of traders who succumb could be kept out of business, and be provided with some other pursuit than that of helping to divide a small trade among a large number, failures would not be on nnmixed evil. But the facilities which wholesale merchants them selves afford for effecting settlements at fifty cents on the dollar and less, and which the national bank law enceurages, are hot unfre frequently an effective premium to the great est rascality, aud it is to be hoped that a busi ness sentiment against compromises and in favor of an amended bankrt pt law will be gradually developed, and be effective toward remedying existing evils. The most encouraging feature of the present time is the exoelient prospect of the crops throughout the country. From the extracts which are subjoined to this circular, and whioh have been gleaned in some thirty-five different leading busi ness centres by the intelligent represent atives of the Agency, it is evident that a year of great abundance is vouchsafed to the oountry. Local trade dependent on that condition of things seems by these reports to promise fairly, and the photo graph which is thus presented of the business of the oountry by Messrs. Dun & Cos, is exceedingly complete and interesting. IN A QUANDARY. The Republican party everywhere is in a quandary, and it has been put'into its unpleasant and phenomenal position by President Hayes, as he moves in a constitutional orbit, thereby recogniz ing aud fulfilling the inevitable logic of events. At present the clianoes for vic tory in Ohio more particularly are all one way for the Democracy, who come to the front with marvelous aptitude, just as the Radieal Machine disbauds iu tho South. The boue of contention in Ohio, as elsewhere, is the Southern policy, so-oailed. Oue faction of the Repnblioans contends that the policy does not exist; another is unhappy because its existence has made havoc with the hitherto rampant faction, whioh has ruled and well nigh ruined the country. The editor of Harper's Weekly, one of the most ob servant as well as one of the most trenchant <of writers, considers that the party is in a condition of unhealthy dis eontent. He calls attention to the faot that the dissatisfaction in lowa is not an isolated symptom of Republican un rest. We are reminded again that in New Hampshire the Republican House tabled a resolution approving the course of Mr. Hayes; that Conkling and his entire following have uttered no word of approval of that policy; that at the Robeson banquet in New Jersey “the feeling was not friendly” toward Mr. Hayes; that the Camerons aud the Chandlers aud the Butlers and the Blaines, and the Mortons, and the Wades, and the Garrisons, and the Phillipses are “known to disapprove” the political policy of Mr. Hayes, The same critic says: “It is undeniable that discontent and indignation may lead to sullen inactivity, whioh may defeat the Republicans in Ohio, Pennsylvania and New York.” Wherefore the “party” is between the devil and the deep sea. It does not anywhere as a unit endorse the policy or condemn it; it is split on finan cial theories, especially upon its pet plan of resumption in 1879, and hardly knows itself upon the everlastißg negro question. From these facts' it would seem that the Democratic party has only to preserve ordinary sagacity and union in order to sweep the oountry. As the enemy disintegrates we should beoome the more oonoentrated, not only in the South but throughout the Union. TIIE HTATE DEBT. We are glad to see that an effort is being made in the Constitutional Con vention to have snch action taken with regard to the public debt as will im prove the already good credit of Geor gia and afford a reasonable prospect of relieving the State in a few years of its entire indebtedness. The recognized valid debt of the State is fully nine mil lions of dollars. The annual interest on this sum, at seven per cent., is six hundred and thirty thousand dollars. For the next eight years the average amount of principal falling due annual ly will be about one hundred thousand dollars. In round numbers the State must pay out seven hundred and fifty thousand dollars yearly on account of the principal and interest of the public debt. The State’s yearly receipts from taxation and other sources will proba bly reach one million two hundred thou sand dollars. It will thus be seen that considerably more than one-half of all the State’s revenue is consumed in pro viding for this bonded indebtedness. If the debt could be gotten rid of, the rate of taxation would be reduced one half. If, in addition to this, the assets of the State could be disposed of at a fair valuation and the proceeds of the sale judiciously invested, the interest would pay the expenses of the govern ment and free the people from all State taxation. But there is danger of a heavy inorease of taxation unless some thing be done now to provide for the payment of the debt as it falls due. As we have said before, the amount of principal maturing annually for the next eight years will not average more than one hundred thousand dollars. But iu 1886 we will have to meet an issue of four millions of dollars (with iuterest for that year added, four and a half mil liens). A few years later another pay ment of two and a quarter millions will have to be made. These large snms cannot be provided for, jf no aetion is taken until they become payable, ex cept in one of two ways. The rate of taxation will have to be increased five fold, or, else, the bonds will have to be taken up with now ones, and such a large issue put upon the market at once would depreciate the value and cause them to be taken at a serious discount. Obvious ly we should prepare for the evil day before it arrives, and take the sting from it by wise legislation. We are glad to see that a delegate to the Convention has proposed a measure which will great ly strengthen the credit of the State and rob the work of redemption of half its difficulties. We allude to the ordi dacce introduced last Tuesday by Hon. J Aires R. Brown, of Cherokee. This ordinance provides, first, that the State shall never make default in the payment of interest on the public debt. It says the Legislature “shall levy a tax each year for the payment of interest on the bonded debt of the State.” Snch a mandate as this cannot be evaded or dis regarded. The bondholder will know that in any event his coupons will be paid, and this feeling of security will greatly enhance the value of the State’s obligations. Bnt Mr. Brown's ordinance %lso pro vides for the creation of s sinking fund to be used in the payment of the prin cipal of the debt. An annaal sinking fund equal to seven per oent. of the whole amount of the debt is to provided, A fcrge proportion of this fund will come from the rental of the Western and At AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY MORNING. JULY 25, 1577. lantic Railroad—the residue will be raised by a slight increase of taxation, we presume. This sinking fond, prop erly administered, will decrease the debt every year, and finally pay it off alto gether. When the heavy issues mature in 1886 and 1890 the State will not have to increase taxes or issue new bonds; the proceeds of the sinking fnnd will wipe out every dollar of the indebted ness. We have not seen the details of the scheme, but we thick we have given the general featnres. It oertainly com mends itself to men who have paid at tention to those very important matters, debt and taxes. Tho sooner a State and individuals get rid of debt the better it is for them. The longer they postpone the evil day by renewals the more oner ous the burden will l ecome. The larger the debt the higher the taxes. We must free ourselves of both. Mr. Brown’s ordinance is a movement in the right direction and shonld enlist the attention of the Convention. It is a matter in which the people are deeply interested —one whioh they cannot afford to have neglected. The labor of earnest and practical men, and, fortunately, there are several snch among the delegates, cannot fail to be productive of great good. TURKISH DEFENSES. The author of the freshest book on Turkey, Col. James Baker, has become famous because his predictions as to the Russian advance have been largely ful filled by subsequent transactions. We are told, for example, that last Janaary he reckoned that Russia would bring about 400,000 men into the campaign in Europe; that 100,000 of those would be held in reserve, and 100,000 more be em ployed in masking fortresses, leaving 200,000 men—or, say, three armies of 70,000 each—to advance into Turkey. “The plan of attack,” ho wrote in Jan uary, “can only be assumed; but looking at the line of the Balkan as & Jong for tress, it is possible that the first Russian army might unite with the Servians and advance by Sofia, the second army .by Rustchuk and Tirnova, and the third by the Dobrudja, Varna and Shumla,” Ex cepting that no army has yet come from Sofia, the outline of the Russian inva sion was eminently eorreot. We hear, however, that another grand corps is forming in Roumania and it may be for this very purpose, advanc ing on the Servian flank, but with out active Servian 00-operation, so long as Austria holds her present mena cing position. In January Col. Baker wrote as follows: “We may pass over the line of the Danube, as the forces of the Russians are so superior in number to those of the Turks that it would be impossible for the latter to prevent a passage. It is true that the Turks have numerous gunboats on the Danube, but that advantage can in these days be neutralized by the emproyment of tor pedoes.” Since that writing, the Rus sians have orossed the Danube, and Col. Baker’s original suggestion con cerning the paralyzing effect of torpe does upon the Ottoman flotilla has been literally fulfilled. Col. Baker has not much faith in the Balkans, as the best defensive line of the Turks, and the comparative ease with which they have been crossed by a fly ing, expeditionary corps of Cossacks, within a few days past, bears him out in this view of their military inadequacy. His plan of campaign is just that which the Turks have apparently adopted, viz: the waiting and retreating game; the re tirement from the Danube and the Balkans, except so far as blows could be given in either field of operations, as inoidents to the campaign proper. A writer in the Chicago Tribune, who seems unusually well informal on this subject, dismisses the further unfolding of Col. Baker’s plan as follows: The Turks should leave about 40,000 men in the almost impregnable fortified town of Varna, which has communication with Constantinople by the Black Sea, of whioh the Turks have command. The army thus stationed would threaten the Russian base of supplies, and require at least 70,000 Russians to hold it in check. The main Turkish army he would have retreat as occasion required, before the advancing Russians, nntil the neighbor hood of Adrianople was reached. By this time the Russian force would be re duced to its lowest point, and a battle might be ventured upon with the beet prospects of snccesß. In the campaign of 1829 Russia started with the insuffi cient force of 68,000 men, and had only 15,000 left when she reaohed Adrianople, the remainder being required to mask fortresses and keep open lines of com munication. It is calculated that iu the present campaign Russia cannot employ more than 100,000 men south of the Balkans, Turkey will also have the ad vantage in point of railways which Rus sia possesses on the north of the Dan ube. The contest will then not be so nnequal; and it may not be necessary for the Turks to adopt the desperate plan foreshadowed in the London News of falling back even to Constantinople in the hope of forcing British interven tion. It is time observers of the war in Europe should begin to realize that Russia has a tremendous task before her, and, unless she can succeed in out flanking the Turks, the results may no): be so entirely in her own hands as they at present appear to b 6. The “desperate plan” foreshadowed in the London News is this : “The Turks, after making as serious resistance as possible to the Russian advance, will draw off their forces, leaving small gar risons in their fortresses, and retire be fore the Russians until they reach the outer defenses of Constantinople, thus compelling them to assault the city and provoke English interfpreppo. • The at tempt to secure an ally by compulsion of this sort is rather ignpble, but it is not improbable that the Turks may choose to force England into a rapture with Russia rather than risk encounters in the open field; and the necessary slowness with which the Russians must advanee, as they get farther and farther from their base of supplies, wonld fa cilitate the movement.” If defeated at Adrianople, the Otto man forces could fall back to the strong est and best of their lines of defense, about twenty miles from their capital. There their last stand be trium phant; but if it should prove futile, England mqst %ct then or n qt ajt all. .When the warriors of the Spltan shall have become huddled under the walls of Constantinople, if each should be their evil fortune, the intervention of Austria and England would mean either a peace at Turkey’s expense, bnt the temporary salvation of the dynasty of Othxan, or it may mean, which is more probable, a general European conflict. A few weeks will tell the whole story. We can patiently await events. The Chicago Journal, seeing some people wear half-mourning, wants to know if this is because their friends are half dead. We think it is rather because the mourners are more than half over their grief. Tjjknew JiayLippsteamer “Carolina,” in s trial of spqgd with the “flqrida,” best her fifteen minutes in s race of eighty miles. The ‘'Carolina” is there fore the fastest boat that ever ran on the Chesapeake, CONDITION OF THE CROPS. The Crop Prospect in Screven County. [Correspondence Cf ronicle aruiCmstilutionaUst.] Mobley’s Pond, July 15.— Up to the first of June the crops in this county were very poor by reason of the drouth through the month of May. Since that time good rains have fallen and brought out the crops wonderfully. The corn is as good as it was last year, and.more of it has been planted. Wheat #nd oats have been harvested, aud the‘yield is good. Cotton planted on the ponds is not as good as at the same time last year, though on pine lands no difference is perceptible. We have had a terrible hail storm, which in some places out the cotton to pieces. Whether the damage was general or not I cannot say. The crop has been looking better during the past few days. I hope the Convention will give us better laws, and that the proceeds of our crops will be sufficient to pay our debts. Screven. THE CROPS. Crop Prospects In McDowell .and Other Counties iu North Carolina. Editors Chronicle and Constitutionalist: Marion, McDowell County, N. C., July 13.—The wheat crop of this mouu tain country has never been better. The corn crop is rooking well. Tobacco is promising, and a large area planted. Clover and other grasses are looking well. Fruit is abundant. L. H. W. THE CROP PROSPECT. A Bad Report From Warren County. [ Correspondence Chronicle and Constitutionalist. ] Warren Cos., Ga., July 13.—The crisis is now upon n3. No rain for two weeks. Corn suffering, cotton very small aud I fear we will have bumblebee cotton in this section. Everything in the way of crops looks gloomy. Very few blooms. Warren. KEOR44IA STATE HORTICULTURAL SO CIETY. Second Animal Section. To the Fruit Growers and Horticultur ists of Georgia: The seoond annual session of the Georgia State Horticultural Society will will be held iu Macon, Ga., commencing on Wednesday, August 1, 1877, and con tinuing for two days. The objects of this Society are the dissemination of the knowledge of the science and art of hor ticulture, and the encouragement of the production of fruits and vegetables, both for home consumption and for market. The benefits to be derived from the la bors of this Society are of the greatest importance to every farmer of Georgia, as by united action of its members the fruit producing resources of the State are encouraged and doveloped. Benefi cial results are already perceptible from the past work of the Society, in having stimulated the fruit growing interests of the State and increased a taste for hor ticulture among the people. The annual exhibitions of fruits, vegetables and flowers, stimulate a generous emula tion among the masses, and diffuse val uable information from the concentrated experience of the exhibitors. The com ing session will be largely attended from every section of the State; and promises to be of great interest, from the fact that the fruit crop is large, and the fruits from the various sections of the State will be brought into comparison. , All who are interested in promoting tho fruit-producing interest of Georgia, and the other objects of this Society, aie cordially invited to attend the ap proaching session. County societies are especially invited to send as many dele gates as possible. Bring fruits, vege tables aud flowers for the exhibition, and let it be practically demonstrated that our State is wonderfully adapted to a greater variety of Horticultural pro duets than auy other section of this Con tinent. Our climate gives us a monopo ly of early market products in Northern cities. Let ns unite and utilize these natural advantages by combined inter course and interchange of praetical information. Ample provision is made for the exhibition of all horticultural products. Members of the Society will be returned free by the various rail roads of the State, except by the Atlanta and West Point Railroad, by special ar rangement. Members coming by the Georgia, and Macon and Augusta Rail roads, will please state to ticket agents that they desire free return passes. All other roads will recognize free return certificates of the presiding officer to members stating that they paid full fare going, and attended tho Convention. Arrangements will also bo made, as far as possible, with hotels for a reduc tion of rates. Stockholders must be elected hy ballot. Shares of stcck $lO each. Annual membership fee $2, which entitles to all the rights and privileges of the Society, except in questions of finance. Packages of fruits intended for exhibition may be addressed, freight paid, to H, J. Peter, E?q-, Treasurer Georgia State Horticultural Society, Maeon, Ga. Complete lists of fruits in tended for exhibition should be sent to same address, with name and address of contributor. P. J. Berckmans, Augusta, Ga., Presi dent; J. S. Newman, Atlanta, Ga., Sec retary; H. J. Peter, Macon, Ga., Treas urer. Programme of Buninesfl. First; day of session—Wednesday, August Ist—House meeting—JO o'clock, a. m , and 3 o’clock, p. m. Introducto ry Exercises—Election of new members, report of Secretary, report of Treasurer, report of Executive Committee, reports of standing committees, reports of special committees, essays, followed by discussions on fruits, as per catalogue of the Society. Second day—Thursday, August 2d.— Election of officers, discussion iu regard to time and place of next meeting, re port of Committee on Legislative Meas ures, report of Committee on Fruits, Vegetables and Flowers on Exhibition, discussions continued, resolutions, mis cellaneous business, adjournment. STATE AID, &c. Editors Chronicle and Constitutionalist: It seems to me that the tendency to forbid by constitutional provision the aid of the State, of the counties and of municipalities to enterprises which may be deempd advisable is founded in error, and should, therefore, demand our se rious consideration before it be engraft ed upon our organic law. That States, counties, cities and individuals have largely abused the privilege of borrow ing will be universally admitted. But this is no reason why they should never incur any other debt. The credit sys tem, like other good things, is liable to abuse, but should not for this alone be abolished. It is to this system we owe the extraordinary development of this country. The magnificent works of in ternal improvement which would never have been constructed without it attest its power for good as well as fof evil. Who would bp willing to say to a man who had just passed through bankruptcy, occa sioned by an error of judgment, that he must never borrow again, and conse quently must debar himself forever from the opportunity of repairing his broken fortune. There are works now needed which cannot be done without aid from the State, conoties and cities. If these can not afford assistance at present let them wait and lend their aid whenever they can. There is a manifest propriety in having public works which are to last for ages done on credit, so that succes sive generations may contribute towards the payment of that which they enjoy. Is there any good reason wby a State House, for instance, should be paid for by the'presept generation alone, when it is to be equally nsefgl to those who fol low us ? And yet there are many who insist that the Constitution about to be made for us must contain a positive prohibition of bonds or evidences of in debtedness being issued by the State, the counties and cities. Will any one now argue that the State of Georgia did_ wrong in opening to com merce and agriculture a large portion of her domain by means of the Atlantic and Western Railroad ? Although this great work has given rise to fraudulent practices and partisan intrigues, its beneficial influence upon the prosperity of the State cannot be overestimated. If the opportunity should be presented for the State to repeat the operation I would like to know that there existed no constitutional prohibition of it. Let us, then, while we acknowledge ou in discretions, throw aronnd onr authori ties such restrictions and providential conditions as may' be deemed sufficient to prevent them in the future from an abuse of the credit system. Ciyis. There were 327 visitors to the Atlanta Library last Saturday, THE INDIAN WAR. A DESPERATE BATTLE FOUGHT. The Red Mea Cooteat the Day with (treat Ktubboruoeas—But the Troops Are Victo rious—Two Officers and Eleven Men Killed and Twenty-Nine Wounded. San Francisco, July .14.—A press dis patch from Portland says the following dispatch has just been reoeived from General Howard: Headquarters Department of Co lumbia, Camp Williams, left bank, south fork of Clear Water, near the month of the Cottonwood, I, T l , July 12, via Walla Walla, July 14.—8 y making a forced march I struck the euemy at 1, p. in., yesterday, about three hundred strong, in a deep canon near the mouth of Cottonwood, near the south fork of the Clear Water. Opened fire at once with a howitzer and succeeded in start ing the Indians from their position. Passing aronnd the transverse canon for a mile aud a half, I began the battle in good earnest, and, dismounting, formed in a ravine and behind rocks. Barri cades were well prepared forseven hours. Every charge we made gained on them, still at night our position was not a very good one, as the enemy lay oontignous to my communications and I was short of rations. This morning, by determin ed effort, we regained our spring of water from some sharp shooters. This afternoon I gave onr lines to the care of Captain Perry, oommandingthe cavalry, and Captain Miles’ battalion of infantry. I drew out Captain Miller’s battalion of artillery acting as infantry. Jnst as we were ready to recommence offensive work, Captain Jackson and the paok train appeared insight beyond the In dian point. Miller pushed out in skir mish order, met the train aDd escorted it successfully. They had hardly form ed the junetiou with us when the artil lery battalion, already beyond the enemy’s flank, made a rapid movement., taking Gatling gnns and the howitzer along. The Indians made a desperate effort to flank Miller, but failed and then gave way. Everything was pushed in pur suit. We shelled them rapidly from high bluffs as they escaped from the left bank of the river, and followed them. They are escaping in every di rection as far as the river, and are now across and going into camp, at 7:30, p. m. The losses of the Indians appear to be thirteen killed and quite a largo number wounded. We have Captain Bancroft and Lieut. Williams and ele ven enlisted meu killed and twenty-nine wounded. The camps were abandoned in great haste, leaving much plunder. The Indians fought as well as auy troops I ever saw, and so did our army, not one man failing in duty, I now believe that I am in fine condition, just as soon as Green appears from Boise, to make thorough work with these Indians. They are making for the Snake ooun try, and I am for concentration at Mt Idaho. The troops have never done harder or more rapid campaigning, or better fighting than this. Washington, July 14. - Semi-official reports say fifteen hnndred Indians are with Sitting Bull in Canada. They in tend coming South during the snmmer. Tho following telegram was received to night by Gen. Vinoent, Acting Adju tant-General : San Francisco, Cal , July 14.— Adju tant-General of the Army, Washing ton, D. C. : 1 hasten to send, for the information of the Secretary aud the President, the following important tele gram from my Aid de Camp . whom I had sent to Gen. Howard: “Field near the, Mouth of Cottonwood Creek, 7, p. m., July 12th, via Walla Walla, July lith, Gen. McDowell, San Francisco : I have been with Gen. Howard in the battle of to-day, whioh he reports in detail. I consider this a most impor tant success. Joseph is in full flight westward. There is nothing that can surpass the vigor of Gen. Howard's movements and action. Keeler, A. D. 0.” My aid is an officer of experience in actual service, and his judgment is en titled to consideration. I am, there fore infinitely relieved and rejoiced to hear of his reports of Howard's success, which comes most opportunely, as the reservation Indians had been supposed wavering, if not disposed to join the lioiitiles, because of Joseph’s first' suc cess. 1 think his defeat will tend to oause them to remain peaeeable, and may make it unnecessary to act under the President’s authority to call out volunteers for temporary action. I will, at least, defer aotion till I get Howard’s report. [Signed] McDowell, Major-General. Walla, Walla, July 14.—Under date of July 13th, on the 10th instant Jo seph and his band surprised a party of thirty-one Chinamen, who were coming down the Clear Water in canoes, and for mere pastime and recreation inhumanly killed the whole party, exoept one, who managed to escape. Boise City, July 18. —Howard has his mounted artillery men on heavy horses utterly upflt for mountain service. The men will be afoot ip a fow (Jays, Fart Boise is left without a garrison aud the whole of southern Idaho without troops. San Francisco, July 18.—A dispatch from Walla Walla, Washington Terri tory, says the Indians killed three men and a girl on Cow creek. Old Salty, a Spokone chief, says he believes fifty of his warriors have gone to join Joseph’s band. They are beyond hi§ control. Col. Green, with his colump, lias reach ed Little Salmon river from the South. A messenger from Spaook Halla aud Spokone Jerry, non-treaty Spokone chiefs, anuauncp their flesife to re main friendly and go op a reservation, provided quo is set apart for them and food furnished for the Winter. DAflM> FLIGHT. How the Cpnfeflprftte Prpsidepf Escape^ From the Capitftl and Where He E*peptpd to (to. [General James U. Wilson, in Philadelphia Weekly Times J On the first Sunday of April, 1865, while seated in St. Paul’s Church, in Richmond, Jefferson Davis received a telegram from Lee, announcing the fall of Petersburg, the partial destruction of his army, and the immediate necessity for flight. Although he could not have been entirely unprepared for this intelli gence, it appears that he did not receive it with self-possession op (jignity ; but with tremuloug anj nervous iiaste,' like a weak man in the hour of ipisfortune, he left the house of worship and hurried home, where be apd his more resolute wife spent the rest of the day in packing their personal baggage. Those who are acquainted with the character of Mrs. Davis can readily imagine with what en ergy and determination she must have prepared her family for flight, and with what rage and disappointment she resign ed the sceptre she had wielded over the social and fashionable life of “Richmond on the James." They may be sure, too, that althongh heartsick and disgusted, there was nothing irresolute or vacillat ing in her aptiqn§. At nightfall every thing was in readiness; oven' the gold then remaining in the Treasury, not ex ceeding in all $40,000, was pacfcpd among the baggage, and under poye* of dark ness the president of the Confederacy, accompanied by his family, and three members of his Cabinet—Breckinridge, Benjamin, and Regan—drove rapidly to the train which had been prepared to carry them from Richmond. This train, it is Baid, was the one which had carried provisions to Amelia Court Houpo for Lee’s hard pressed and hungry army, and having been ordered to Richmond had supplies to that place, where they were abandoned for a more ignoble freight. Asa matter of course the starving rebel soldiers suffered, but Davis succeeded in reaching Danville in safety, where be rapidly reooyered from the fright he had sustained, and aston ished nis followers by a proclamation as bombaatio and empty as his fortunes were straightened and desperate. Jt is stated upon what appears to bo good authority that Davis had, many weeks before Lee’s catastrophe, made “the most careful and exacting prepara tions for his escape, discussing the mat ter fully with bis Cabinet in profound secrecy; and deciding that in order to secure the escape of himself and his principal officers, the Shenandoah should be ordered to cruise off the coast of Florida to take the fugitives on board ” These orders were sent to the rebel cruiser many days before Lee’s lines were broken. It was thought that the party might make an easy deliber ate escape in the wgy agreed upon, as the with the Florida coast were at that time scarcely doubt ful, and once 'on the swift sailing Shen andoah, the most valuable remnant of the Anglo-Confederate'navy, “they might shop obtain an asylum on a for eign shore.’’ When Davis and his com panions left Richmond in pursuance of this plan, they believed that Jjee could avoid surrender only a short time longer. A few days thereafter the news of this ex pected calamity reached them, when they turned their faoes again toward the South. Breckiuridge, the Secretary of War, was sent to oonfer with Johnston, bnt found him only in time to assist in drawing np the terms of his celebrated capitulation to Sherman. The intel ligence of this event caused the rebel chieftain to renew his flight, but while hurrying onward, some fatuity induced him to change his plans and to adopt the alternative of trying to push through the Southwest toward the region whieh he fondly believed to be yet under the domination of Forrest, Taylor, and Kirby Smith, aud within whieh he hoped to revive the desperate fortunes of the rebellion. He oonfided his hopes to Breckiuridge, and when he reaohed Abbeville, South Carolina, he called a council of war to deliberate npon the plans which he had oonoeived for re generating what had now become in fact “The Lost Cause.” This council was composed of Generals Breckin ridge, Bragg, and the commanders of the cavalry force whieh was then escort ing him. All united that it was hope less to struggle longer, bnt they added that they would not disband their men till they had guarded their chieftain to a place of safety. This was the last eouncl of the Confederaey. A CURIOUS WILL CASE. How n New York Judge Decided It. New York, July 16.—John D. Lewis, head of the dry goods firm of Lewis, Haviland & Cos., Churoh aud Chambers street, while out riding in Central Park, about a year ago, was thrown from, his carriage and killed. He left a will be queathing $15,000 to different parties, and directed that the income of his es tate, about $250,000 iu unencumbered real estate, be paid to Miss Lizzie Bar ton Taylor, until she was lawfully mar ried. If she had any children the estate was to go to them, and if not married or without children when she died she was to be buried iu the same grave with the testa tor, and that the estate be expended in decorating the grave. It was suspected that Mr; Lewis had uegro blood in his veins and the will was contested by Henry Lewis and Mary Smith, brothers and sister, and both with full negro blood in their veins and claiming to be half brother and half sister of the de ceased. On trial it was proved that Lewis was a son of a Virginia slave wo man and Canadian mother, having fled to Canada during the existence of slavery in the United States. Judge Barrett to day in a speeial term of the Supreme Court gave his decision in the ease. He sweeps away all provisions of the will exoept that giving Miss Taylor the inoome of the estate until she is law fully married, and whether she has chil dren or not the estate then goes to Lewis and his sister. THE 44REAT COUNCIL. A €3real Event—Gathering of the Claus—His torical— Opening Sermon—Heady for Work —A Hearty Welcome—United Fellowship- Uniformity—Church and People* Etc * Etc. [The Christian at Work ] Unquestionably the great event of the year is the gathering of the Pan-Presby terian Counoil in the grand old Protest ant stronghold of Edinburgh, whieh opened its session on Tuesday, July 3. In addition to the 300 delegates in at tendance, there are more than 5,000 visitors iu the oily, attracted there by the great interest they feel in confessedly the most significant religious event of mc.deru times, and they are right royally welcomed on every hand. The place for the assembling of the Council has been most happily chosen. The old Gathered of St. Giles has for more than a thousand years been a spot aonsecrate to Christian worship, and it is spoken of as far back as 1350 in connection with memorable historic scenes. It was tho parish church when sturdy John Knox, who would rather be right than bishop, was pastor of Edinburgh, aud its walls have often resounded with his ftery elo quence, and near by it ajl that ia mortal of the great Reformer rests, awaiting the awakening of the last trump. Tlie Opeulnc Sermon. The opening services were exceeding ly appropriate and impressive, and the sermon of Professor Flint, of the Edin burg University, was in every respeot a masterly one, Among the dozen or more different Presbyterian organiza tions composing the Council many dis tinct interests were to be harmonized, or at least not offended, and in this di rection, too, it was a great suooess. The discourse was founded on the closing prayer of the Lord Jesus Christ for the oneness of His church op earth, is con tained in the closing verses of the 17th chapter of the Gospel of St. John— first for His disciples, and then for all those who should believe on Him through their word, that they t*fl might bo one a He and the Farter are one, that by this spiritual unity the world might be convinced fif his divinity. The ser mon was au eloquent exposition of the spiritual basis oH which the separate sects, not only of Presbyterianism, but of all Christendom, oouid unite. It was a strong and well-defined plea for catholicity aud unity, on the gronnd that humanity ia one, whether on earth or in heaven. He qrged, with St. Paul, that the whole family in heaven and earth being named after Christ, with onefaith, one baptism, one hope, one Father, one Redeemer, one Sanctifier, and one heayen tpid earth as thp present and future residence of the aninta, an there is no reason why all differences between believers should not cease, or that Christians everywhere should not find it their duty to live as brethren, in the unity of the Spirit and in the bonds of peace. Thus united in Christian fellowship and labor and pur pose the Churoh would go forth as an army With banners, conquering the world for Christ, and transforming it into the image of the heavenly and divine. Bnt first the different sects of Christendom must achieve a conquest of themselves, and must imbibe more deeply of the spirit of the Saviour’s last prayer for His Church. Uniformity of worship might not be possible nor desirable. The Churoh, like governments, must ac commodate itself to different peoples. All governments cannot be alike, nor all forms of Church order and worship be Presbyterian. Bnt a friendly Christian spirit onght to pervade both civil gov ernments and religions denominations* On Tuesday evening a hearty recep tion of welcome was given the delegates in the great hall of the Mnsoum of Sci ence and Art. It was a moat brilliant assemblage, not less than 5,000 being present. The Lord Provost, Sir James Falshaw, presided, and a number of elo quent and stirring addresses were made, among others by Rev. Dr. Wm. Snod grass, of Canada; E)r. garret, of Hun gary; Ejr. McCorih, of Princeton Col lege, N. J.; Dr. Plnmer, of Columbia, S. C.—who is the Nestor of the C rnneil, being eighty seven years oj(j—and by Dr. Monqd, qf Buria', whp, with intense feeling of the'present oondition of religious liberty in France. Getting Dawn to WwH* Wednesday marhing, July 4. the re gular programme was taken up, and the Rev. Dr. Philip Schaff, of New York, in troduced the discussion on “The Har mony of Reformed Confessions,” which, after participation in by several mem bers, was submitted to a committee. In the afternoon “The Fnndamental Prin ciples of Presbyterianism” were discuss ed; “Presbyterianism in Relation to fhe Wants and Tendencies of R® v " Drs. Hodge, oi' and Stuart Robinson; of Jiouisrille, taking promi nent part- In the course of hiS remarks Rev. Dr. 8. Iren tens Prime, of New York, stated tj’ftt' thqre yfere 13,000 Presbyterian ipongregations ia the United States, and that they subscribed abogt $5,000,0*0 a year fqr the of jh® church. Jn the evening fhnte was a public meeting nt which reports were made cm statistics, etc., of Freshyterian Churches, and addresses delivered by the representatives of various churches on the Expansiveneas and Adaptation of Presbyterianism, Its Simplicity and Scriptural Character, and Its Friendly Aspect Toward other Evangelical Chur ches. The Terf- Long July lA The mile and an eighth race, Hattie F. won; Cyril, second ; Burgoo, third—time, 2:si. The two' mile race, for colts and illiesof 1874, Bombast won; Frederick the Great, second- Sear’s colt, third—time, 3:46, The mile and three-quarter race, Rom ney won; Jenifer, second; Kinggland, third—time, 3:12. Derby won the stee ple chase by a neck) Dead Head, second; Cornet, third. Milton Aikins, of Henry oonnty, died t B the 3d inat. Aged, 76 yean. *2 A YEAR—POSTAGE PAID HACK OF TIIK BALKANS. THE RUSSIANS CLOSING UP. Caoateraatlon at Uoaatantinople—The Cltl “ Formed Into an Army—The Saltan In Favor of Peace, but Overruled 'by fbe Young Turkey Parly Tightening the Chain Around Huatchuk. . London, July 18 —The Turks at Nik opolis burnt tho stores and principal buildings before retreating. The cor respondent of the Times, at Bucharest, sends the following: To-day (17th), the Cossacks of Baron Kruderer are said to have reached Lorn Palanka, advancing toward Widdin from the Drobrudsoha. The Russians are reported to have marched south of Selestria, whioh will be blockaded, thereby cutting the quad rilateral in two and fully protecting Rnssian communications on the Danube. The director of the Ronmelin lines has arrived at Adrianople to get all the rolling stock back from Phillipolis and farther on. The Manchester Guar dian’s Vienna dispatch states that the two Pashas who surrendered at Nikop olis are the same who recently permit ted two hundred and sixty pontoons to pass Nikopolis for building the Sistova bridge. Bribery is suspected. The Times’ dispatch from Pera contains the following unofficial order : It annonnees that the Soltan has decided on the im mediate formation of ten battalions of auxiliaries, composed of the Mussulmen and non-Mussulmen inhabitants of Con stantinople for the reinforcement of the Sof Roumelia. The Daily News’ tob, dated Vienna, Tuesday night, announces that the Czar has arrived at Frateshtis, five miles north of Giurgevo. This indicates that the time has come for commencing the investment of Rust ehuk. No confirmation yet reoeived of the report that Raouf Pasha had defeat ed the Russians south of the Balkans. He has, including the garrison of Adrianople, hardly 10,000 men. A min isterial crisis is said to be impending at Constantinople. The Sultan is report ed to be strongly inclined to make peace, having already given Namyk Pasha, at Shumla, personal in structions on this subject. The Yonng Turks oppose this policy. The Daily New's Vienna correspondent estimates the number of Russians south of the Balkans at 22,000. Various special cor respondents of the London papers, in cluding that of the News at Turnu Ma gurelli, who was an eye witness of the operations, fully confirm the capture of the Turkish garrison and artillery of Nikopolis. The surrender seems to be brought about from encircling Niko- t polis with an overwhelming artillery* fire,to which the Russian and Roumanian batteries at Turnu Magurelli contri buted. There wore three hours fight ing ou the glacis. Tho Daily News’ Vienna special announces that the Turks have abandoned their line of defense from Chernuvoda to Kustendji. Pesth, July 18—The passage of the Balkans has produced most profound oonsternatioh here. The Hungarian journals energetically demand immediate action of Austro-Hnogary against Rus sia. The semi-official organs are loss emphatic and urge delay until after the first decisive battle. Constantinople, July 18. Sofvet Pasha, the ’.Turkish Foreign Minister, has resigned. Aarif Pasba, who has once already been Foreign Minister and once ambassador to Vienna, succeeds Sofvet Pasba. [Note. — Sofvet Pasha has been long believed to favor peace. ] London, July 18.—Reuter’s telegram company received the following dis patches: Frzfivamu, July 10,— The Rus sians continue to retreat in the direction of Reerhudara and Alexandropol, Gen. Melikoff is still at Yenikoi, four hours to the north of the Turkish centre. Twenty-three members of leading Kur dish families, inhabiting Russian terri tory, have been court raartialed and hanged by order of Gen. Melikoff, Constantinople, July 18.—Intelli gence has been received from Adriano ple tlmt Raonfj Pasha is encamped at Slivnoi The Russians on the southern side of the Balkans are at Kainkoi. Their numbers are jiDknown, but they are constantly receiving reinforcements while Raouf Pasha is compelled by numerical inferiority to remain on the defensive until the arrival of buleiman, Pasha, who is expected in five days. Sofvet Pasha, who resigned the Minis try of Foreign Affairs, has been ap pointed Minister of Public Works. The Ottoman authorities upon evacuating Kustendji entrusted the town tq leading Greek ecclesiastics. SiqoU anarohy arose among the Bulgarians that General Zimmerman, at the request of Mr. Har ris, director of the railway, sent two squadrons of Cossacks to occupy the plaoe. Vienna, July 18.—The PoJitk-ai Cor respondence denies that any superior Russian functionary has arrived or is expected >n Vienna on a special mission from the Czar. A dispatch to the same paper reports that the Bosnian insur gents have defeated the garrison of Livno and are now besieging it in the citadel of that town. Cettinje, Jnly Is. The Prince of Montenegro’s headquarters have been transferred to Slivlje, near Nicsic. All the Montengrins on furlough are order ed to join their respective battalions to morrow. NATIONAL COTTON EXCHANGE. AJpetiorf U While Sulphur Springe —Fifty Uelegntee Present. Greenbrier White Sulphur Springs, July 18.—The first Biennial Convention of the National Cotton Exchange of America met at noon. The President, John Phelps, of New Orleans, who pre sided, briefly addressed the convention in congratularv terms. A Committee on Credentials was appointed, and reported fifty delegates present from the Cotton Exohangeß of New Orleans, New York, Memphis, Mobile, Cincinnati, St. Louis, Vicksburg, Charleston, Savannah and Norfolk. The courtesy of the free use of the Western Union Telegraph wires was extended to the members lor family and social messages and accepted with thanks. A motion to invite Genls. Jos. E. Johnston and Jubal A. Early and Hon. Benjamin Hill to privileged SRats met with decided opposition, oqt alter some discussion, was adopted with only two votes in the negative. No political significances qttaches to, the discussion. A similar courtesy was subsequently extended to Col. Freyere, the Peruvian Minister; Hon, John H. Reagan, of Texas, and ex-Mayor Wickham, of New York. The report of the Treasurer shows that the receipts since last ses sion were five thousand dollars, expenditures, $3,600. Repose or other officers were submitted and referred. Upon the Vc assembling of the Con vention the Committee on Allotment of 'Business reported, assigning various topics to committees for consideration and report. John Phelps, vi New Or leans, was elected President for the en suing term; Wm. P. Campbell, of New York, was elected Vice-President, and the following Executive Council; James A. McCall, of Mobile; W. A. Goodwin, of Memphis; W- W. Gordon, of Savan nah; W. Jr- Trenholm, of Charleston, 8. C.; D- C. Stone, of Galveston; W. B. Reynolds, of Norfolk; J. F. Wheeless.of Nashville. A committee was appointed to consider the advisability of memorial izing the United States Government to enforce the clause of the charter of the Direct Cable Company, forbidding the amalganation of that Compaq with any other, the same t>3ijjig been one of the condition,* ym'whifth B^i<l company were to lapd their cable on the shores of the United States. The committee consists of C. J. Sheppard and H. G- G eflke r, of New Orleans; Jjqhh Nisbett, of Savafci nah; Felix of Nw York, and M. C. Humphreys, of St. Adjourned uptil to-niorroW, gge Meant a Hair t*ta. (Prom the Baltimore American.\ Mrs. Julia Ward Howe, although gen erally clear and incisive iu her remarks gave utterance to an expression recently which was decidedly vague, and has given rise to several suggestions as to its real meaning. She was addressing an audience is Apndon, England, and being biMW*upted, said, indignantly, “Ip my country when a woman com mences to speak you may hear a pin drop.” Some have supposed she had reference t* the female custom of at tenuating to. carry a clothes pin between the teeth, and at the same time hold a conversation with neighbor on the other aide of tha fence. Others have, however, giwn her words a more pugna cious Weaning, and suggested that she meant you could hear the rolling pin drop on the old man's head when his wife found herself worsted in a verbal argument. The male sex are curious to know what she really did mean,' and it is to be hoped she will explain the matter satisfactorily. THE RAILROAD STRIKE. SERIOUS ASPECT OP THE MOVE MENT. The Governor of West Virginia Calls on the President for Troops—The President Re spends to the Call. Baltimore, July 18, noon.—All quiet along the whole line. The strikers have stopped freights, at Keyser, Grafton, Martinsburg and Wheeling, and are waiting to see what will happen. The military are waiting instructions. The Governor of West Virginia and man agers of the Baltimore and Ohio Road are acting with great caution and moderation to save the loss! of life and property. There have been several wounded but no fatalities. As the Vir ginia militia are loath to fire upon the strikers, a call upon the United States troops is quite probable. Wheeling, July 18.—The Governor reports that the Legislature of 1875 did not provide for the organization or en rolling ol the military; that is no organized force, except two volunteer companies, in the State, and in order to protect the lives of men and prevent bloodshed .he was compelled to ask for Federal troops. The rioters took forty stand of arms from the volunteer com panies to-day. The Governor was very reluctant to call for Federal aid, but deemed it necessary to do so to prevent the destruction of lives and property. The railroad officials are very reticent, and no information can be obtained from them. Washington, July 18.— The strike on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad having assumed such a character and propor tions in West Virginia that it could not be promptly suppressed by the State au thorities, Governor Matthews, of that State, to-day made a formal application to the President for troops to suppress domestic violence, under article four section four, of the Constitution. The President has respondod favorably to the application of Governor Matthews and the War Department has ordered General French, with the troops under his command, about 250, at the arsenal here and troops from Fort McHenry to proceed to Martinamirg and other points where necessary to suppress violence. Baltimore, July 18. — Cars for the transportation of the troops are now ready in Washington und will proceed to Martinsburg as soon as they can be put on the train. Wheeling, W. Va., July 18.—The strike along the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad is growing more serious and strikes are expeoted to take place also on the Central Ohio and Chicago divis ions. Baltimore, July 18. —Up to three, p, m,, no further violence occurred. The strikers have full possession of tha road, and no freight trains are allowed to. move. At Martinsburg, at noon to-day, they went into the workshops of the company and ordered the men to stop work, which they refused to do, when the strikers retired. Washington, July 18.— Troops from the arsenal left at 10 o’clock to-uight for West Virginia. Baltimore, July 18.—Gen. Barry, i u command at Fort McHenry, having re ceived orders from Washington, this afternoon, to forward troops to suppress the disorder on the Baltimore and Ohio Rftilroad, at Martinsburg and other points, Batteries H and L, and a de tachment of fourteen men from Light Battery A, Second Artillery, were imme diately ordered out, and left the fort shortly after eight o’clock on a special train. The entire foree sent from Fort. McHenry numbers seventy-five men, under command of Captain John I. Rodgers, of Battery L, officered by Lieutenants Crawford and Hoyle. Bat tery H is officered by Captain James E. Wilson and Lieutenants Taylor and Curtis, and the detachment from Ligbt!. Battery A is under oommuud of Lieu tenant Niles. They are armed as in fantry, and will join the troops from the arsenal at Washington, and reach Mar tinsburg early to-morrow morning. It is said here tomight that the canal boat strikers have been at Martinsburg with the railroad strikers, since Monday af ternoon. | AUGUSTA AND KNOXVILLE RAILROAD. Letter From Dr. H. K. Ctuey. The following letter from Dr. H. R, Casey to a gentleman in this city, in ref erence to the Augusta and Knoxville Railroad, will be of interest to those of our readers who are interested in that project: A fflino, July 3, 1877. Esteeiiexi Sir —Your letter just to hand by to-day's mail. The letter to me from Mr. Foley, to which you allude, has in it food for thought. To build the Augusta and Knoxville Railroad we will have to go outside of the State, I fear even to build that portion of it be tween Augusta and Rabun Gap. How important, then, to offer all the induce ments along ita line that can be held out to capitalists. I had mailed my ; answer to Mr. Foley’s letter before I re ceived yours. But in answer to his in quiry, “Have many inducements to offer to emigrants along the line of this road?” my reply was yes, all that they will need.' Send them on, said I—farmers, manufacturers, miners, pleasure seekers or invalids—all can find just what they desire. I am only surprised that Mr. Foley should have put the query, for I had given him years since all these dots, but I suppose with the lapse of time he has forgotten it. My heart is in this road, for though it has another name it is the same highway of commerce that was mapped out and inaugurated by me nine years siDce. I got in with the Chap - man olique, but when I found I was in a nest of bankrupts in morals as well as iu fortune, I shook the dust from my feet and walked out of tho concern. But I never gave up the ship, and have and will continue to work for the rood, though I have been ignored by them, who know that I was not only the pro jector of the road, but that I had given my time, influence, my means and the little talent I have to the advance ment of the project. I hnve been and am still writing articles published in the papers at this end of the line, and also in the West. If Mr. Foley sends down his operatives here I will see to it that your plaoe shall command attention. My honest opinion is if your people of Au gusta will build the trunk road to Wil ton’s Island, that will put he Knoxville people to work on their end of the line; North Carolina will come in and do their work; then there will be no trouble to get capitalists to take hold and finish the road. The Elbert link thrown in, graded, is a strong enduoement. This is Augusta’s last chance; if she does not exert herself and secure this important trunk it will be lost to her forever. I leave Sunday for Atlanta; will be pleased, to hear from you on my return. Respectfully, H. R. Casey. "IT 18 BEST UPON KEFLECTION,” What the Freoideat Maid te Hie Cabinet—The Otnevhuidere* Alternative—Could Be Happy With Either Denr Chnrmer Were T’other Away. Washington, July 18.—The President is quoted : “ It is best upon reflection.” These words were uttered in the Cabi net, and are construed as foreshadowing a zigzag policy. By the Cabinet’s meet ing yesterday, the civil service or the National Republican Committee must lose the usefulness of 8. H. Elbert of Colorado; Will. Cnmback, of Indiana- C. J. Filley, of Missouri; A. B. Cornell’ ol New York; Thos. B. Keogb, of North Carolina; Edward F. Noyes, of Ohio and R, 0, McCormick, of Arizona. Too gentlemen named have discretion which Of tke two to ohoose. Welia, Consul-General for Ohiua sails in the August steamer. The Second Infantry, g n route for the Indian war, passed Wallace, Kansas. Secretary Bchiiya denies having ordered the, clerks be docked for sickness.— Mr. Evarta says the efforts of the Ad ministration were in the direction of re storing harmony and peace throughout the Union. Col. Stanley, of the Twen ty-second Infantry, files charges affect ing the veracity of Col. Hazen, of the Sixth Infantry. The Treasury will within a few days call for thirty-five millions in bonds. Appointments Gangers, Jesse C. Banks, Fourth Virginia; D. D. Ban croft, Second Georgia, and Charles W. Cummings, Storekeeper and Ganger for the District of South Carolina. It can be stated on high official au thority that before taking any farther stops toward the recognition of the Diaz Government the United States will await the promised reparation for the actual invasion and bloody conflict committed by Mexican troops upon Texan soil. A Western editor, who has beard that Grant eats with a knife, indignantly asks if a man is “expeoted to eat with his fingers.”