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t toecfelg ■ ®ttowMe & CrnisHttitfimaifat OLD SERIES-OL. XCII NEW SERIES—VOL. II (Cijtomrlc anD WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 6,1877. TIIK SEW rOXXTITt’TIO.N. We publish in the Chronicle and Constitutionalist this morning the full text of the Constitution recently framed by the Convention. This instrument will be submitted to the people of the State on the first Wednesday of next December for ratification or rejec tion. It is important that every voter should read, and read carefully, the instrument upon which he is required to endorse his approval or disapproval. It will not do for men to applaud or con demn until they have made themselves thoroughly acquainted with the object of their censure or admiration. We have read the new Constitution carefully and compared it with the old, and wo do not hesitate to say that we consider it infinitely superior to the instrument un der which we are now living. Laying aside the question of paternity altogeth er, it is much the better organic law of the two—better for the State and better for all classes of the people. Of course there are features to which we object. There is something in it, perhaps, to which every voter will object. It was manifestly impossible for any Conven tion composed of fallible men to frame an infallible instrument. But the things which provoke one man’s censure will compel his neighbor’s admiration. We regret that the salaries of the Judges and of the Governor were reduced, be cause wo believo that good service is entitled to good pay, and that it is false economy to retrench in the matter of official compensation. We also regret that the composition of the General As sembly was not changed so as to fix rep reseutation upon its only proper basis— the basis of population. But it is not at m’l improbable that a largo major ity of the people hold different views with regard to both of these matters. At all events, neither one of them is of sufficient importance to make ns oppose an organic law which is sonnd in other respects. We believe that most of those who give the Constitution thor ough examination will also give it cordial approval and vote for its adoption. We shall have something to say hereafter of the different features of the instilment. We are confident that it will prove an ceptable to the great mass of the people, white and oolored, aud that it will be ratified by a large majority. The colored cadet from New York is a mulatto, and a smart one. — President Hayes has a “barrel of money.” Ho is worth 8750,000. Faizi Pasha, the brains of Mukhtar’s army, is a Hungarian named Kohlmann. Gov. Stone, of Mississippi, laughs at Republican and Independent competi tion and predicts his re-election by 50,- 0(H) majority. Oarlotta Patti, sister of Adelina, is hopelessly ill with a complication of maladies arising from the diseased hip joint which caused her lameness. The lie direct aud circumstantial is busily passing between Dr. Chancellor auil the various Bumbles of the Mary land ulmslioiises. Wo dare say the Doctor told a deal of truth. The rouletto table at Monaco went in to mourning when Kiug Blano lay dy ing. During tho last Lour of his life black came up twenty-five times in suc cession, making a tremendous run on the dark color. Old ex-Henator A. G. Brown, of Mis sissippi, is of opinion .that the Demo cratic party is on tho eve of dissolu tion. The ex-Senator is mistaken. Be cause he is on the eve of dissolution that is no reason why the party should be. Thk resolutions adopted by Iho Ht. Louis Board of Trade declare that the bankrupt law “demoralizes business, destroys commercial integrity, impairs ooutideuco and tends to destroy the credit upon which our whole commercial fabric rests.” For a retired politician and one who regrets that he ever became one at all, Hon. A. CL Brown, of Mississippi, shows an extraordinary longing to get bis paw in the flesh pot. Some politi cians are like tho Kavkl troupe. They are always playing farewell engagements. Wr have received the first number of the Old Capital, a weekly uowspaper, tho publication of whioh has recently been commenced in Milledgeville. The editors and proprietors are Messrs. E. P. Sphkk, late of tho Griffin Newe, and H. W. J. H.\m, of the Warrenton Clip }>er, both able and experienced journal ists. The number before us is brilliaut witty and newsy. If this standard is maintained the Old Capital will be one of the best weekly papers in the couu trv. We wish it success commensurate with its merits. A special dispatch from Washington to the New York World says that the “Southern leaders" are beginning to talk of a ticket for 1880 with Hon. B. H. Hill, of Georgia, for President, aud ! Horn N. P. Banks, of Massachusetts, for Vies-Presideut. Of course, such talk is mere moonshine. The next Presidential election is too far off for seusible men to think of making slates. If, when 1880 comes, Mr. Hill is in the field, he will make a stroug race, and, if elected, ho would be the strongest man iuteileetually who has oooupied the White House iice the days of Jeffer son. Alluding to and correcting the mis take about Hon. B. 11. Hill, of this State, buryiug his war horse, “Albert Sidney Johnson,” the Nashville Ameri can thus speaks : “Hon. Rks. H u.h, of Georgia, scalped his foes in legislative halls and always did it well. He never failed to draw blood and history will record him as the man who wore the scalp of Blxane, of Maine. He never buried a hobby, that we know of, nor ever bade farewell to Albert Sidney Johnson. He never said— “ Farewell the neighing steed, the shrill irmup. The spirit-stirring drum, the ear-piercing £fe, The royal banner and ail quality, Pride, 'pomp and circumstance of Georgia's war." ‘The Russian Imperial Gnard, which is now reported to have been ordered to the front, is said to have originated in a regiment which was styled by Voltaire “The Praetorian Gnard of Russia,' aud | by whose influence the revolution which destroyed Peter 111, in 1772, to make room for Catherine II was mainly ef fected. An organized Leasehold bri grade gradually grew np around this oaelecs, whioh had attained large pro portions when the wars of the first Na poleon ooonrred. The Russian Imperial Gnard figured conspicuously in the most desperate battles of that great con flict. In the Crimean war, however, its share was merely nominal, and sinoe its close it has never been in the field at all, bnt it is believed by competent judges that its quality has not deteriorated, and that whenever called into battle it will give a good account of itself. CONSTITUTION OF 1877. TIIE OUTCOME OF THE LABORS OF THE CONVENTION. The Foil Text of the Instrument Cnrelully Compared With the OfHcin! Copy. Bill of Right.. PREAMBLE. To perpetuate the principles of free govern ment, insure justice to all, preserve peace, promote the interest and happiness of the citi zen and to transmit to posterity the enjoyment of liberty, we. the people of Georgia, relying upon the protection aud guidance of Almighty God, do ordain and establish this Constitution: Article I. Section I. Paragraph 1. All government, of right, originates with the people, is founded upon their will only, and is instituted solely for the good of the whole. Public officers are the trustees aud the servants of the people, and. at all times, amenable to them. Par. 2. Protection to person and property is the paramount duty of government, aud shall be impartial and complete. Par. 3. No person shall he deprived of life liberty, or property, except by due process of law. Par. 4. No person shall he deprived of the right to prosecute or defend his own cause in any of the Courts of this State, in person, by attorney, or both. Par. 5. Every person charged with an offense against the laws of this State shall have the privilege and benefit of counsel: shall he fur nished. on demand, with a copy of the accusa tion, and a list of the witnesses on whose tes timony tne charge against him is founded; shall have compulsory process to obtain the testimony of his own witnesses; shall he con fronted with the witnesses testifying against him: and shall have a public and speedy trial by an impartial jury. Par. C. No person shall be compelled to give testimony tending in any manner to criminate himself. Par. 7. Neither banishment beyond the lim its of the State, nor whipping, as a punishment for crime, shall be allowed. Par. 8. No person shall be put in jeopardy of life, or liberty, more than once for the same offense, save on his, or her. own motion for a new trial after conviction, or in case of mis trial. Par. 9. Excessive hail shall not he required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and un usual punishments indicted; nor shall any per son be abused in being arrested, while under arrest, or in prison. Par. 10. No person shall be compelled to pay costs except after conviction on final trial. Par. 11. The writ of habeas corpus shall not he suspended. Par. 12. All men have the natural aud in alienable right to worship God, each accord ing to the dictates of his own conscienco, and no human authority should, in any case, con trol or interfere with such right of conscience. Par. 13. No inhabitant of this State shall he molosted in person or property, or prohibited from holding any public office, or trust, on ac count of Ins religions opinions ; hut tho right of liberty of conscience shall not be so con strued as to excuse acts of licentiousness, or justify practices inconsistent with the peace and Ha'ety of the State. Par. 14. No money shall ever be taken from tho public treasury, directly or indirectly, in aid of any church, sect, or denomination of re ligion! ts, or of any sectarian institution. Par lb. No law shall ever be passed to cur tail, or restrain, the liberty of speech of the press; any person may speak, write, and pub lish his sentiments, on all subjects, being re sponsible for tho abuse of that liberty. l’ar. 1(1. The right of the people to ho secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures shall not be violated; and no warrant shall is sue except on probable cause, supported hv oath or affirmation, particularly describing the place, or places, to he searched, aud tho per sons and things to be seized. Par. 17. Thoro shall bo within the State of Georgia neither slavery nor involuntary servi tude, save as a punishment for crime after le gal conviction thereof. Par. 18. The social statu&of the citizen shall never be the subject of legislation. Par. 19. The civil authority shall he superior to tho military, and no soldier shall, in time of peace, ho quartered in any house, without the consent of tho owner, nor in timo of war except by tho civil magistrates, in such manner as may be provided by law. Par. 20. The power of the Courts to punish for contempt shall he limited by legislative acts. Par. 21. There shall ha no imprisonment for debt. Par, 22. The right of the people to keep and boar arms shall not ho infringed, but the Gen eral Assembly Hliall have power to prescribe the manner in which arms shall be borne. Par. 23. The legislative, judicial and execu tive powers shall forever remain separate and distinct, and no person discharging the duties of one shall, at the same time, exorcise the functions of either of the others, excopt as herein provided. Par. 24. The people have the right to assem ble peaceably for thoir common good, and to apply to those vosted with the powers of gov ernment for redress of grievauc s by petition or remonstrance. Par. 25. All citizens of tho United States, resident in this St&to, are hereby declared citi zens of this State, and it shall ho the duty of tho General Assembly to enact such laws as will protect them ill tho full enjoyment of tho rights, privileges and immunities due to such citizenship. Section 11. Paragraph 1. In all prosecutions or indictment; for libel tho truth may be given in evidence: and tho jury in all criminal cases shall he tho judges of the law aud of the facts. The power of the Judges to grant new trials in oases of conviction is preserved. Par. 2. Treason against the State of Georgia shall consist of levying warjagainst her; adher ing to her eiieiuies;giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason, ex cept on tho testimony of two witnesses to tho same overt act or confession in upon Court. Par. 3. No conviction shall work corruption of blood or forfeiture of estate. Par. 4. All lotteries and the sale of lottery tickets aio hereby prohibited; and this prohi bition shall be enforced by penal laws. Par. 5. Lobbying is to be declare ! a crime, and the General Assembly shall enforce this provision by suitable penalties. Par. 6. The General Assembly shall have the power to provide for the punishment of fraud; and shall provide, by iaw, for reaching the property of the debtor conoealod from the creditor. Section 111. Paragraph 1. In cases of neces sity. privato ways may bo granted upon just compensation being first paid by the appli cant. Private property shall not bo taken or damaged, for public purposes, without just aud adequate compensation being first paid. Par. 2. No bill of attainder, ez post facto law, retroactive law, or law impairing the obliga tion of contracts, or making irrevocable grant of special privileges or immunities, shall be passed. Par. 8. No grant of special privileges or im munities shall be revoked, except in such manner as to work no injustice to the corpo rators or creditors of the incorporation. Section IV. Paragraph 1. Laws of a general nature shall have uniform operation through out the State, and no special law shall be en acted in any ease for which provision has been made by an existing general law. No general law affecting private rights shall be varied in any particular case, by special legislation, ex cept with the free consent, in writing, of all persons to be affected thereby; and no person under legal disability to oontract is capable of such consent. Par. 2. legislative acts in violenco of this Constitution.or the Constitution of the United States, are void, aud the judiciary shall so do clare them Section V. Paragraph 1. The people of this State have the iuhereut, sole and exclusive right of regulating their internal government and the police thereof, aud of altering aud abolishing their Constitution whenever it may be necessary to their safety aud happiness. Par. 2. The enumeration of rights herein contained as a part of this Constitution shall not be construed to deny to the people auv iu hereut rights which they ftaye hitherto en joyed. Article ll—Elective Frnnrhise. , Section I. Paragraph 1. In all elections by the people the electors shall vote by ballot. Par. 2. Every male citizen of the United States (except as hereinafter provided), twen ty-one years of age, who shall have resided in tnie State one year next preceding tho elec tion, aud shall have resided six months in the county in which he offers to vote, and shall have paid all taxes which may hereafter be re quired of him. and which lie may have had an opportunity of paying, agreeablv to law, except for the year of the election, shall be deemed an elector : Provided. That no soldier, sailor or marine in the military or naval service of the United States shall acquire the rights of an eUgtof by reason of being stationed on dutv hi Kteip . and no person shall vote who. if ehalL-ngsd. shall refuse to take the following oath or affirmation . “j Jo swear (or affirm) that I am twenty-one yeans of age, have resid ed in this State one year, and in this county six mouths, next preceding this election. I have paid all taxes which, since the adoption of the present Constitution of tilts State, have been required of me previous to this year, and which 1 have had <n. opportunity to’pay, and that I have not voted at tuis ebsenos." Section 11. Paragraph 1. 3he General As sembly may provide, from time to time, fpr the registration of *ll electors, bnt the follow ing classes of persons shall not be permitted to regiister. vote or lpold any office, or ap poinuueut of honor or trust hi ;his State, to wit ; Ist. Those who shall have been aopvict ed. in any Court of competent jurisdiction, of treason against the State, of embezzlement of public funds, malfeasance in offp-e. bribery or larceny, or of any crime involving moral turpi tude. punishable by the laws of this State with imprisonment in the penitentiarv, unless such pessam shall have been pardoned. 2d. Idiots and insane persons. section IXI. Paragraph 1. Electors shall, in all cases, eicept fof treason, felony, larceny, aud breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance on elections, and in going to and returning from the same. Section IV. Paragraph 1. No person who is the holder of any public money, contrary to law, shall be eligible to any office in this State, until the same is accounted for and paid into the Treasury. }’ar. 2. No person who, after the adoption of this tloriS'itntion, being a resident of ihis State, shall base been convicted of fighting a duel in this State or eeapjeted of sending, or accepting a challenge, or totmetey of aiding, or ifczUing such duel, shall hold office tu this State, unices be shall have been pardoned: and every such per>ou shah, also, be subject to snch punishment as may he preserjbed by law. Section V. Paragraph 1. The General As sembly shall, by law. forbid the sale, disinhu tion. or furnishing of intoxicating drinks with in two miles of election precincts, on days of election—State, county or municipal—and pre scribe ptmtabment for any violation of the same. Section VI. Paragraph 1. Returns of elec tion for all civil officers elected by the people, who are to be commissioned by the Governor, and, also, for the members of the General As sembly. shall be made to the Secretary of State, unless otherwise provided by law. Article ill—legislative Department. Section I. Paragraph 1. The legislative pow er of the State shall be vested in a General Ae eembly. which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. Section 11. Paragraph 1. The Senate shall consist of forty-four members. There shall be forty-four Senatorial Ihstricts. as now arrang ed by counties. Each District ehall have one Senator. Par. 2. Tho First Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Chatham, Bryan and Effingham. The Second Senatorial District shall be com posed of the counties of Liberty, Tatnall and Mclntosh. The Third Senatorial District ehall be com posed of the connties of Wavne, Pierce aud Appling. The Fourth Senatorial District shall be com posed of the counties of Glynn, Camden and Charlton. The Fifth Senatorial District shall be com posed of tho counties of Coffee, Ware and Clinch. The Sixth Senatorial District shall be com posed of the comities of Echols, Lowndes and Berrien. '} he Seventh Senatorial District shall be com posed of the connties of Brooks, Thomas and Co’quitt. The Eighth Senatorial District shall be com posed of the counties of Decatur, Mitchell and Miller. The NiDth Senatorial District ehall he com posed of the counties of Earlv, Calhoun aud Baker. The Tenth Senatorial District shall be com posed of the counties of Doughertv, Lee and Worth. The Eleventh Senatorial District shall be composed of tho counties of Clay, Randolph and Terrell. The Twelfth Senatorial District shall be com posed of tho counties of Stewart, Webster and Quitman. The Thirteenth Senatorial District shall he composed of tho counties of Sumter, Schley and Macon. The Fourteenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Dooly, Wilcox, Pulaski and Dodge. The Fifteenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Montgomery, Tel fair aud Irwin. ihe Sixteenth Senatorial District shall bo composed of the countios o’ Laurens, Ema iuel and Johnson. The Seventeenth Senatorial District shall be composed of tho counties of Screven, Bulloch and Burke. The Eighteenth Senatorial District shall bo composed of the counties of Richmond, Glas cock and Jefferson. Tho Nineteenth Senatorial District shall he composed of the counties of Taliaferro, Greene and Warren. The Twentieth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Baldwiu, Han cock and Washington. The Twouty-fiiHt Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Twiggs, Wilkinson aud Jones. The Twenty-second Senatorial District shall bo composed of tho counties of Bibb, Monroe aud Pike. The Twenty-third Senatorial District shall he composed of tho counties of Houston, Crawford and 'Taylor, The Twenty-fourth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Muscogee, Marion and Chattahoochee. Tho Twenty-firth Senatorial District shall he composed of the counties of Harris, Upson and Talbot. The Twonty-sixth Senatorial District Hhali bo composed of the counties of Scalding, Butts and Fayette. Tho Twenty-seventh Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Newton, Wal ton, Clarke, Oconee and Rockdale. The Twenty-eighth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Jasper, Put nam and Morgan. Tho Twenty-ninth Senatorial District shall be composed of the connties of Wilkes, Colum bia. Lincoln and McDuffie. The Thirtieth Senatorial District shall bo composed of tlio counties of Oglethorpe, Madi son aud Elbert. The Thirty-first Senatorial District shall he composed of the counties of Hart, Habersham aud Franklin. The Thirty-second Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of White, Daw sou anil Lumpkin. Tho Thirty-third Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Hall, Banks and Jackson. Tho Thirty-fourlh Senatorial District shall ho composed of the counties of Gwinnett, De- Kalb and Henry. Tho Thirty-fifth Sonal trial District shall he composod of tho counties of Clayton, Cobb and Fulton. Tho Thirty-sixth Senatorial District shall be eomp'.sedof the countios of Campbell, Coweta, Meriwether aud Douglas. The Thirty-seventh Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Carroll, Heard and Troup. The Thirty-eighth Senatorial District shall bo composod of the counties of Haralson, Polk and Paulding. The Thirty-ninth Senatorial District shall ho composed of the counties of Milton, Cherokee aud Forsyth. The Fortieth Senatorial District ehall be composed of the counties of Union, Towns and Rabun. The Forty-first Senatorial District shall bo composed of the counties of Pickens, Fannin and Gilmer. The Forty-second Senatorial District shall bo composod of tho counties of Bartow, Floyd and Chattooga. The Forty-third Senatorial District shall be composed of tho counties of Murray, Gordon aud Whitfield. '! bo Forty-fourth Senatorial District shall be composed of tho countios of Walker, Dade and Catoosa. l’ar. 3. The General Assembly may change these districts after each census of the United States: Provided. That neither tho number of districts nor tho number of Senators from each district shall be increased. Section 111. Paragraph 1. The House of Representatives shall consist of one hundred and soventy-five Representatives, apportioned among the several counties as follows, to-wit; To the six counties having the largest popula tion, viz: Chatham, Richmond, Burke, Hous ton, Bibb aud Fulton, three Representatives, each; to the twenty-six counties having the next largest population, viz: Bartow, Coweta, Decatur, Floyd, Greeno, Gwinnett. Harris, Jofferson, Meriwether, Monroe, Muscogee, Newton, Stewart, Sumter, Thomas. Troup, Washington, Hancock, Carroll, Cobb, Jackson, Doughorty, Oglethorpe, Macon, Taloot and Wilkes, two Representatives, each; and the remaining 105 counties, one Representative each. Far. 2. The above apportionment ehall be changed by the General Assembly at its first session after each census taken by the United States Government, so as to give the six coun ties having tho largest population threo Repre sentatives. each; and tho twenty-six counties having tho next largest population two Repre sentatives, each; but in no event shall the aggregate number of Representatives be in creased. Section IV. Paragraph 1. The members of the General Assembly shall be elected for two years, and shall serve until their successors are elected. Par. 2. Tho first election for members of the General Assembly, under this Constitution, shall take place on the first Wednesday in De cember, 1877; the second election for the same shall be hold on the first Wednesday in Octo ber, 1880, aud subsequent elections biennially, on that day. until the day of olectiou is chang ed by law. Par. 3. Tho firs* meeting of the General As sembly, after ratification of this Constitution, shall be on the first Wednesday in November, 1878, and subsequent meetings biennially thereafter, on the same day, until the day shall be changed by law. But nothing herein contained shall be construed to prevent the Governor from calling an i xtra session of the General Assembly before the first Wednesday in November, 1878, if, in his opinion, the pub lic good shall require it. Par. i. A majority of each House shall con stitute a quorum to transact business ; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day aud compel the presence of its absent mem bers, as each House may provide. Par. 6. Each Senator and Representative, before taking his seat, shall take the following oath, or affirmation, to-wit; “I will support the Constitution of this State and of the United States, and on all questions and meas ures which may come before me, I will so con duct myself as will, in my judgment, be most conducive to the interest and prosperity of this State." Par. 6. No session of the General Assembly shall continue longer than forty days, unless by a two-thirds vote of the whole number of each House. Par. 7. No person holding a military commis sion or other appointment or office having any i emolument or compensation annexed thereto j tinder this State or the United States, qr either i of them, except Justices of the Peace and offi ; cers of the militia, nor any defaulter for pnb- I lie money or for any legal taxes required of | him. shall have a seat in either House ; nor j shall any Senator or Representative, after his I qualification as such, be elected by the General Assembly or appointed by the Governor, either with or without the advice and consent of the Senate, to any office or appointment having any emolument annexed thereto during the time for which he shall have been elected. Psr. 8. The seat of a member of either Hono shah he vacated on his removal from the District or county from wbjfelr he was elected. Section V. Paragraph 1. The Senators shall be citizsns of the United States, who have at tained the age of 25 years, and who shall have been citizens of this State for four years, aud for one year residents of the District from which elected. Pr. 2. The presiding officer of the Senate shall be styled the President of the Senate, i and shall be elected viva voce from the Sena- ; tom- Par. 3. Tut Senate sha'l hate the sole power to' try impeachments. Par. f. When sitting for that purpose the members shall be qn oath or affirmation, and shall be presided over by the Chief Justice or, the Presiding Justice of the Bnpreme Court. Should the Chief Justice be disqualified, the Senate shall select the Judge of the Supreme Court to preside. No person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds of tho members present. Par. 5. Judgments incases of impeachment shall not extend farther than removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust or profit within this Slate ; bnt the party convicted shall never theless be liable and subject to indwtmeui. trial, judgment and punishment according to law. Section VI. Paragraph 1. The Representa tives shall be citizens of the United States, who have attained the age of 21 years, and who shall have been citizens of this Stale for two e*rs. and for one year residents of the oountiea from jjiich elected. Par. 2. The presiding o£jar of the House of Representatives shall be styled the Speaker of the House of Representatives, and eh an be elected rica cxw from the body. Pgr. 8. TJie Hegse o/ Representatives shall bare tire sole power' id impeach all persons who shall have been or may be in office. Section VII. Paragraph 1, Each House shall be the judge of the election returns and quali fications of its members, and shall have power to punish them for disorderly behavior or mis conduct by censure, fine, imprisonment or ex pulsion ; tux no member shall be expelled ex cept by a Trite of two-thirds of the House to which he belongs.' Par. 2. Each House may punish by impris onment, not extending beyond the seßion, any person not a member who shall be guilty AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY MORNING, SEPTEMBER 5, 1577. of contempt by any disorderly behavior in its presence, or who shall rescue, or attempt to rescue, any person arrested by order of either House. Par. 3. The members of both Houses shall be free from arsest during their attendance on the General Assembly and in going thereto and returning therefrom, except for treason, felony, larceny or breach of the peace ; and no member ehall he liable to answar in any other place for anything spoken in debate in either House. Par. 4. Each House shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and publish it immediately after its adjournment. Par. 5. The original journal shall be pre served after publication in the office of the Secretary of State, but there ehall be no other record thereof. Par. 6. The yeas and nays on any question shall, at the desire of one-fifth of the mem bers present, be entered on the journal. Par. 7. Every bill, before it shall pass, shall be read three times and on three separate days, in each House, uuless in cases of aotnal invasion or insurrection. Par. 8. No law or ordinance shall pass which refers to more than one subject mattor, or oontains matter different from what is ex pressed in the title thereof. Par. 9. The general appropriation bill shall embrace nothing except appropriations fixed by previous laws, the ordinary expenses of the executive, legislative and judicial depart ments of the government, payment of the public debt aud interest thereon, and for sup port of the public institutions and educational interests of the State. All other appropria tions shall be made by separate bills, each em bracing but one subject. Par. 10. All bills raising revenue or appro priating money shall originate in the House of Representatives, but the Senate may propose or concur in amendments, as in other bills. Par. 11. No money shall be drawn from the Treasury except by appropriation made by law, and a regular statement and account of the re ceipt and expenditure of all public money shall be published every three months, and, also, with the laws passed by each session of the General Assembly. Par. 12. No bill or resolution appropriating money shall become a law unless, upon its passage, the yeas and nays in each House are recorded. Par. 13. All acts shall be signed by the President of the Senate, aud the Speak er of the House of Representatives, and no hill, ordinance or resolution intended to have the offect of a law, which shall have been rejected by either House, shall be again pro posed during tho same session, under the same or any other title, without the consent of two-thii ds of the House by which the same was rejected. Par. 14. No bill shall become a law unless it shall receive a majority of the votes of all members elected to oach’House of the General A sombly, and it shall in every instance so ap pear on the journal. Par. 15. All special or local bills ehall origi-j oate in tho House of Representatives. The! Speaker of the House of Representatives shall,! within fivo days from the organization of the General Assembly, appoint a committee con sisting of one from each Congressional Dis trict, w hose duty it Hhali he to cousider aud consolidate all spocial and local bills, on the same subject, aud report the same to the House; and no special or local bill shall be read or considered by the House until the same has been reported by said committee, unless by a two-thirds vote. And no bill shall he con sidered or reported to tho House by said com mittee, unless the same shall have been laid before it within fifteen days after the organi zation of the General Assembly; except by a two-thirds vote. Par. 16. No local or special bill shall bo pass ed unless notice of the intention to apply therefor shall have been published in the lo cality where the matter or thing to be effected may be situated, which notice shall be given ati least thirty days prior to the introduction of such bill into tho General Assembly, and in the i manner to bo prescribed by law. The evidence of/ such notice having been published shall be ex hibited in the General Assembly before such act shall be passed. Par. 17. No law or section of the Code shall he amended or repealed by mere reference to its title or to the nnrnbor of the section of the Code, but the amending or repealing aot shall deslinctly describe the law to he amended or repealed, as well as the alteration to be made. Par. 18. The General Assembly shall havo no power to grant corporate powers and privi leges to private companies excopt banking, iu surau e, railroad, oanal, navigation, express and telegraph companies; nor to make or change election precincts; nor to establish bridges or ferries; nor to change names or legitimatize children: hut it shall prescribe by law the manner in which such powers shall be exercised by the Courts. l’ar. 19. Tho General Assembly shall have no power to relieve principals or securities upon forfeited recognizances, from the payment thereof, either before or after judgment there on, unless the principal in the recognizance shall have been apprehended and placed in tho oustody of the proper officer. Par. 20. The General Assembly shall not au thorize the construction of any street passen ger railway within the limits of any incorpo rated town or city, without the consent of the corporate authorities. Par. 21. Whenever the Constitution requires a vote of two-thirds of either or both Houses for the passing of an act or resolution, the yeas aud nays on the passage thereof shall bo entered on the journal. Par. 22. The General Assembly shall have power to mako all laws and ordinances consist-* out with this Constitution, and not repugnant to the Constitution of the United States, which they shall deem necessary and proper for the welfare of the State. l’ar. 23. No provision in this Constitution for a two-thirds vote of both Housos of tho General Assembly shall be construed to waive the necessity for tho signature of tho Gover nor, as in any other case, except in the case of the two-thirds vote required to override the veto, and in case of prolongation of a session of the General Assembly. Par. 24. Neither Honse shall adjourn for more than three days, or to any other place, without the consent of tho oilier, aud in oase of disagreement between the two Houses, on a question of adjournment, the Governor may adjourn either, or both of them. Section VIII. Par. 1. Tho officers of the two Houses, than the President aud Speaker, shall be a Secretary of tho Senate aud clerk of the House of Representatives, and such assistants as they may appoint; hut tiie clerical expenses of the Senate shall not exceed sixty dollars per day. for each session, nor those of the House o' Representatives seventy dollars per day for each session. The Secretary of tho Senate and Clerk of the House of Representatives shall be required to give bond and security for the faithful discharge of their respective duties. Section IX. Paragraph 1. The per diem of the members of the General Assembly shall not exceed four dollars, aud mileage shall not exceed ten cents on each mile traveled by the nearest practicable route, iu going to and re turning from the capital; but the President of the Senate aud the Speaker of the House of Representatives shall each receive not exceed ing seven dollars per day. Section X. Paragraph 1. All eleotions by the General Assembly shall be viva voce, and tiie vote shall appear on the journal of the House of Representatives. When the Senate aud House of Representatives unite for the purpose of elections, they shall meet in the Representative Hall, and the President of the Senate shall, in such cases, preside aud declare the result. Section XI. Paragraph 1. All property of the wife at the time of her marriage, and all property given to, inherited or acquired by her. sh&il remain her separate property, and not be liable for the debts of her husband. Section XII. Paragraph 1. All life insurance companies now doing business in this State, or which may desire to establish agencies aud do business in the State of Georgia, chartered by other States of the Union, or foreign States, shall show that they havo deposited with the Comptroller-General of the State in which they are chartered, or of this State, the Insur ance Commissioner, or snph other ofljeer as may be authorized to receive it, not less than one hundred thousand dollars, in such securi ties as may he deemed by such officer equiva lent to cash, subject to his order, as a guaran tee fund for the security of policy holders. Par. 2. When such showing is made to the Comptroller-General of the State of Georgia by a proper certificate from the State official having charge of the fund so deposited, the Comptroller-General of the State of Georgia is authorized to issue to the company making each showing a license to do business in the State, upon paying the fees required by law. Par. 3. All insurance companies chartered by the State of Georgia, or which may hereafter be chartered by the State, shall, before doing business, deposit with the Comptroller-General of the State of Georgia, or with some strong corporation, whioh mgv be approved by said Comptroller-General,' qhp hundred ;thoiisand dollars, in such securities as may be deemed by him to be eqnivalent to oasli, to be subject to hie order, as a guarantee fund for the se curity of the policy holders of the company making such deposit, all interest and dividends arising from such securities to be paid, when hue, to the company so depositing. Any such securities as may be needed or desired "by the company may be taken from said department at any time bv yeplxcips them with other se eunties equally acceptable to tile tiomptiouer- General. whose certificate for the same shall ; be fhrni.-lied to t jie company. Pr. 4 The General Assembly shall, from time to time, enact laws fo compel all fire in surance companies doing business in this State, whether chartered by this State, or otherwise, to deposit reasonable securities witn the Treasurer of this State, to secure the people against loss by the operations of said com panies. Par. 5. The General Assembly shall compel *ll insurance companies m this" mate, er doing business therein, under proper penalties, to make semi-annual reports to the Governor, and print the same at their own expense, for ; the information and protection of the people. Article IV—Power of the (tenoral Assembly ’ Over Taxation. Section I. Paragraph 1. The right of taxa tion is a sovereign right—inalienable, inde structible—is the life of the State, and right- I fully belongs to the people in all republican governments, and neither the General Assem bly. nor any nor all other departments of the ■ government established by this Constitution shall eve: have the authority to irrevocably 1 give, grant, limit, or restrain this nghtyand all j Igws, grants.' contracts, and all-other acts ; whatsoever, by said government, pr any ije j panment thereof, to effect tiny of these pur poses, shall be. and are hereby, declared to be : null and void, for every purpose whatsoever: and said right of taxatioa shall always be un der the complete oontrol of, and revocable by. the State, notwithstanding any gift, grantor contract whatsoever by the General Assembly. Section 11. Paragraph 1. The power and anthorityof regulating railroad, freight and passenger tariffs, preventing unjust discrimi ; nations and requiring reasonable and jnst rates of freight and passenger tariffs, are hereby conferred upon the General Assembly, whose duty it shall be to pass laws, from time to time, iq regulate freight add passenger tariffs, to prohibit uniuai discriminations on the various railroads or this State, and to pro hibit said roads from charging other than just and reasonable rates, and enforce the same by adequate penalties. Par. 2. The exercise of the right of eminent domain shall never be abridged, nor so con strued as to prevent the General Assembly from taking the property and franchises of in corporated companies, and subjecting them to public use. the same as the property of indi viduals ; and the exercise of the police power of the Stats shall never be abridged, nor so construed as to permit corporations to conduct their business in snch manner as to infringe the eqnal rights of individuals, or the general well being of the State. Par. 3. The General Assembly shall not re mit the forfeiture of the charter of any corpo ration, now existing, nor alter or amend the same, nor pass any other general or special law, for the benefit of said corporation, except upon the condition that such corporation shall thereafter hold its charter subject to the pro visions of this Constitution ; and every amend ment of any oharter of any corporation in this State, or any special law for its benefit, ac cepted thereby, shall operate as a novation of said obarser and shall bring the same under tiie provisions of this Constitution : Provided. That this seotion shall not extend to any amendment for the purpose of allowing any existing road to take stock in or aid in the building of any branch road. Par. 4. The General Assembly of this State shall have no power to authorize any corpora tion to buy shares, or stock, in any otheir cor poration in this State, or elsewhere, or to make any contract, or agreement whatever, with any such corporation, which may have the effect, or be intended to have the effect, to de feat or lessen competition, or to encourage monopoly : and all such contracts and agree ments shall be illegal and void. Par. 5. No railroad company shall give, or pay, any rebate, or bonus in the nature there of, directly or indirectly, or do any act to mis lead or deoeive the public as to the real rates charged or received for freights or passage, and any such paymeut shall he illegal and void, and these prohibitions ehall be enforced by suitable penalties. Par. 6. No provision of this article shall bo deemed, held or taken to impair the obliga tion of any aontract heretofore made by the State of Georgia. ~ Par. 7. The General Assembly shall enforce legislation 01 ''* ° f tlliß ar -* ole b y appropriate Article V—Executive Department. Section 1.. Paragraph 1. The officers of the Executive Department shall consist of a Gov ernor. Secretary of State, Comptroller-General aud Treasurer. Par. 2. The Executive power shall be invest ed in a ifovemor. who shall hold his office dur ing the term of two years, and until his succes sor shall be chosea aud qualified. He shall not he, eligible to re-election, after the expira tion of a second term, for tho period of four years* He shall havo a salary of three thous and jaoUars per antium (until otherwise pro vided by a law passed by a two-thirds vote, of oo(h branches of tho General Assembly),which ehiall not be increased or diminished during trie period for which ho shall have boon elect ed; nor shall he receive wiihin that time any /other emolument from the United States, or either of them, or from any foreign power. But this redm tiou of salaiy shall not apply to the present term of the present Governor. Par. 3. The first election for Governor, un- this Constitution, shall ho held on tho first Wednesday in October, 1830, and the Govern in' eleot shall he installed in office at tho next dession of tho General Asiembly. An election shall take place biennially thereafter, on said* day, until another date he fixed by the Gener al Aseombly. Said eleotim shall be held at the places of holding general elections iu the several countios of this Hate, in tho manner prescribed for the election ef members of the General Assembly, aud tie electors shall be the same. Par. 4. The returns far vvery election of Governor shall be sealed ip by the managers, /separately from other retires, and directed to the President of the Senate aud Speaker of the House of Representatives, aud transmitted to the Secretary of State, who shall, without opening said returns, cauie tiie same to be laid before the Senate on tin day after the two Houses shall have been erganized, aud they shall he transmitted by the Senate to the .House of Representatives. \ Par. 5. The members cf each branch of the lAeneral Assembly shall amvene iu tho Repre sentative Hall, aud the Resident of the Sen ate aid the Speaker of tne House of Repre sentatives shall open and publish the returns in the reresance and undo- the direction ef tiie GeneraP Assembly; and tie person having the majority!of tho whole lumber of votes Hliall be deolnred duly electid Governor of this State ; bmit if no person shall have such ma jority, thien from the tw< persons having the highest nbimber of votes who shall be in life, and shall iot decline an election at the time appointed Vnr the Generd Assembly to elect, the Generaß Assembly shill immediately elect a Governor toiua voce ; aid in all cases of elec tion of a Governor by till General Assembly a majority of the metuben present shall ha ue oessary to afclioice. Par. 6. Coliitested elections shall be deter mined by botih Houses o' the General Assem bly iu such in aimer is shall be prescribed by law. \ Par. 7. No person shaU be eligible to tho office of Governor wfio shall not have been a citizen of the United States fifteen years and a citizen of the Mato six years, and who shall not have attained the ago of thirty years. Par. 3. In case ef the death, resignation or disability of the Governor, tho President of the Mona to shall exercise tho Executive powors of the government until such disability bo re moved, or a sucoessor is elected and qualified. And in case of the death, (resignation or dies ability of the President of the Senate, the Speaker of the House of Representatives shall exercise the Exeeutive powers of tiie govern ment until the removal of thie disability, or the election and qualification of a Governor. Par, 9. The General Assembly shall have power to provide by Jaw for filling uuexpired terms by special elections. Par. 10. The Governor shall, before ho en ters on the duties of his office, take the follow ing oath or affirmation : “I do solemnly swear (or affirm as the case may be) that I will faith fully execute the office of Governor of the State of Georgia, and will, to the host of my ability, preserve, protect and defend the Con stitution thereof, and the Constitution of the United States of America.” Par. 11. The Governor shall be Commander in-CUief of the army and uayy of this State and of the militia thereof. Pr. I?. Ho shall have power to grant re prieves and pardons, to commuto penalties, romove disabilities imposed by law, and to re mit any part of a sentence for offences against the State, after conviction, exoept in cases of treason and impeachment, subject, to such re gulations as may bo provided by law relative to tlje manner of applying for pardons. Upon conviction for treason, ho may suspend the ex ecution of the sentence aid report tho case to the General Assembly at the next meeting thereof, when the General awIIiW.-j shall either pardon, commute the sentence, dirCe.it execution or grant a further reprieve. He shall, at each session of the General Asscm sembly, communicate to that body each case of reprieve, pardon or commutation granted, stating the name of the convict, the offense of whioh he was oonvicted, the sentence and its date, the date of the reprieve, pardon or com mutation and the reasons for granting the same. He shall take caro that the laws ate faithfully executed, and shall boa conservator of the peace throughout the State. Tar. 18. He shall issue writs of election to fill all vacancies that may happen in the Senate or House of Representatives, and Hliall give the General Assembly, from tinjo to time, in formation of the state of the Commonwealth, and reoommend to their consideration bucli measures as he may deem necessary or expe dient. He shall have power to convoke the General Assembly on extraordinary occasions, bnt no law shall be enacted at called sessions of the General Assembly except such as shall relate to the object stated in his proclamation convening them. Par. 14. When any office shall become vacant by death, resignation, or otherwise, the Gov ernor shall have power to fill such vacancy, unless otherwise provided by law; and persons so appointed shall continue in office until a successor is comnpssiened, agreeably to the mode pointed out by this Constitution, or by law in pursuance thereof. Par. 15. A person once rejected by the Agn ate shall not be re-appointed by the Governor to the same offioe during the same session, or the recess thereafter. Par. 16. Tho Governor shall have the revi sion of all bills passed by tbe General Assem bly before the same shall have become laws, but two-thirds of each House may pass a law, notwithstanding his dissent, and if any bill should not be returned by the Governor within five days (Sundays excepted) after it has been presented to him the same Hli&li be a law, un less the General Assembly, by their adjourn ment, shall prevent its return. He may ap prove any appropriation, and disapprove any other appropriation in the same bill, aud the latter shall not bo effectual, unless passed by two-thirds of each House. Par. 17. Eveyy vofe , resolution or order, to which the concurrence of both Houses may be necessary, except on a question of election or adjournment, shajl he presented to the Gover nor, aud before it shall take effect be approved by him, or, being disapproved, shall be re passed by two-thirds of each House. Par. 18. He may require information, in writing, from the offi :ers in the Executive De partment on any subject relating to the dutieß of their respective offices. It shall be' the duty of the Governor, quarterly, aud oftener, if he deems it expedient, to examine, under oath, the Treasurer and Cp.marohor-Genelal oi the ataie on au matters pertaining to their respective offices, and to inspect and review their books and accounts. The General As sembly shall have authority to provide bv law for the Busi ension of either of said oft cers from the dissbar&e of the duties of his office, and also for the appointment of a suitable per son to discharge the dnties of the same. Par. 19. The Governor shall hive power to appoint his own Secretaries, not exceeding two in number, and'to provide such ether clerioal forse as may be required in his office, but the total cost for Secretaries and clerioal force in his office shall not exceed six thousand dollars per annum. Section 11. Paragraph 1. The Secretary of Btate. Comptroller-General and Treasurer ehsll b 9 elected by the persons qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly, at the same time and in the same manner as the Governor. The provisions of the Constitution as to the transmission of the retains of elec tions, counting the votes, declaring the result, deciding when there is no election and when there is a contested election, applicable to the election of Governor, shall apply to the elec tion of Secretary of State, Comptroller-Gen eral afid Trotstjf6r.' They shall be commis sioned by the Governor, and hold their offices tor the same time as the Governor. Par. 2. The salary of the Treasurer shall not exqeed two thousand dollars per' annum. The clerical expenses of his department shall not exceed sjiteen hundred dollars per annum. Par. 3. The salary of the Secretary of State shall not exceed two thousand dollars per annum, and the clerical expenses of his de partment shall not exceed one thousand dol lars per annum. Par. 4. The salary the Comptroller- Gen eral shall not exceed two thousand dollars per annum. The clerioal expenses of his depart ment, including the mstxranoe department and wild land clerk, shall not exceed four thousand dollars per annum—and without said clerk it shall not exceed three thousand dollars per annum, —t Par, 5. The Treasurer shall not be allowed, diieotly or indirectly, to receive any fee, in terest or reward from any person, bank or cor poration, for the deposit or use. in any man ner. of the public funds, and the General As sembly shall enforce tins provision by suitable penalties. Par. 6. No person shall be eligible to the of fice of Secretary of State, Comptroller- General, or Treasurer, unless he shall have been a citizen of the United States sor ton years, andi shall have resided in this State for six years next preceding his election, and shall be twenty-five years of age when elected. All of said officers shall give bond and security, under regulations to be prescribed by law, for the faithful discharge of their duties. Par. 7. The Secretary of State, the Comp troller-General, and the Treasurer shall not be allowed any fee, perquisite or compensation, oiher than their salaries as prescribed by law, exoept their necessary expenses when absent from the seat of government on business for the State. Section 111. Par. 1. The great seal of the State shall be deposited in the office of the Secretary of State, aud shall not be affixed to my instrument of writing exoept by order of the Governor or General Assembly, and that now in use shall be the great seal of the State until otherwise provided by law. Article Vf.—Judiciary. Section I. Paragraph 1. The judicial pow ers of this State shall be vested iu a Bupreme Court, Superior Courts, Courts of Ordinary, Jnotices of the Peace, Commissioned Notaries Public, aud suoh other Courts as have been or may be established by law. Section 11, Par. 1. The Supreme Court shall consist of a Chief Justice aud two Asso ciate Justices. A majority of the Court shall constitute a quorum. Par. 2. When one or more of the Judges are disqualified from deciding any oase. by inter est or otherwise, the Governor shall designate a Judge, or Judges, of the Superior Courts to preside iu said case. Par. 3. No Judge of any Court shall preside iu any case where the validity of any bond— Federal, State, corporation or municipal—is involved, who holds in his own right, or as the representative of others, any material interest in the class of bonds upon which the question to be decided arises. Par. 4. The Chief Justice and Associate Jus tices shall hold their offices for six years, and until their successors are qualified. A succes sor to the incumbent whose term will soouest expire shall be elected by the General As sembly in 1880; a successor to the incumbent whose term of office is next in duration shall be elected by the General Assembly in 1882; and a successor to the third incumbent shall be elected by the General Assembly in 1884; but appointments to fill vacancies shall only be for the unexpire.l term, or untilsueli vacancies are filled by elections, agreeably to the mode pointed out by this Constitution. Par. 5. The Supreme Court shall have no original jurisdiction, but shall be a Court alone for the trial aud correction of errors from the Superior Courts, and from the City Courts of Atlanta aud Savannah, aud such other like Courts as may be hereafter established in other cities; and shall sit at the seat of gov ernment at such times, in each yoar, as shall be prescribed by law, for ihe trial and deter mination of writs of error from said Superior and City Courts. l’ar. 6. The Supremo Court shall dispose of every case at the first or seooud term after such writ of error is brought; and iu oaso the plaintiff in error shall not be prepared at the first term to proseoute the oase —unless pre vented by Providential oause—it shall be stricken from tho docket, and the judment be low shall stand affirmed. Par. 7. Iu any case the Court may, in its discretion, withhold its judgment until the next term after the same is argued. Section HI. Par. 1. There shall be a Judge of tho Superior Courts for each Judioial Cir cuit, whose term of office shall be four years, and'Until his successor is qualified. He may act in other Cirouits when authorized by law. Par. 2. Tiie successors to the present incum bents shall he eleoted by tho General Assem bly as follows : To the half (as near as may bo) whose commissions are the oldest in the year 1878, aud to the othere in the year 1880. Ail subsequent eleotions shall be at the sossion of the General Assembly next preceding the expiration of the terms of incumbents, except elections to fill vacancies. The day of election may bo fixed by the Gen eral Assembly. Par. 3. The terms of tho Judges to be elect ed under this Constitution (except to fill vacan cies) shall begin on the first of January after tlieir election, but if the time of tho meeting of the General Assembly shall be changed, the General Assembly may change the term of the Judges selected thereafter. Section IV. Par. 1. Tho Superior Courts shall have exclusive jurisdiction in cases of di vorce; iu criminal cases where the offender is subjected to loss of life, or confinement in the penitentiary; in cases respecting titles to laud: and equity cases. Par. 2. The General Assembly may confer upon the Couris of common law all the pow ers heretofore exercised by Courts of equity in this State. Par. 3. Said Courts shall have Jurisdiction iu all oivil case q except as hereinafter provided. Par. 4. They shall have appellate jurisdic tion in all such cases as may he provided by law. Par. 6. They shall have power to correot er rors in inferior judicatories, by writ of certiora ri, which shall only issue on the sanction of the Judge; and said Courts, and the Judges thereof, shall have power to issue writs of mandamus, prohibition, scire facias, and all other writs that may be necessary for carrying their powors fully into offect, and shall have such other powers as are, or may be, conferred on them by law. Par. 6. Tho General Assembly may provide for an appeal from one jury, in the Superior or City Courts, to another, and the said Couris may grant new trials on legal grounds. Par. 7. Tho Court shall render judgment without, tho verdict of a jury in all civil oases founded on unconditional contracts in vyriting, Where an issuabje defense is not filed under oath or affirmation. Par. 8. The Snperior Courts shall sit in each connty not less than twice in each year, at suoh time as have been or may be appointed by law. Par. 9. The General Assembly may provide by law for the appointment of some proper persons to preside in cases where the presiding Judge is. from any oause, disqualified. Section V. Paragraph 1. In any county within which there is, or horeaftpr ipay be. a City Court the Judge of spii} Cqnrt aiid of the Superior Court may preside in the Courts of each other in cases where the Judgo of either Court is disqualified to preside. Section VI. Paragraph 1. The powers of a Oourt of Ordinary and of Probate shall be vested in an Ordinary for each county, from whose decision there may be an oppeal (op by concept of parties withoqt a (jeeifqon) ip the Superior Coqrt,under regulations prescribed by lav. \ The Courts of Ordinary Hhall have such powers in relation to roads, bridges, fer ries, publi\buildings, paupera, county officers, county taxes and other county matins bo conferred on them by law. Par. .V. 'lTiirOrdinary shall hold his offioe for the term of four years, and until his successor is elected and qualified. Section yij. Paragraph 1. There shall be in each militia district one Justice of the Peace, whose official term except when elected to fill an unexpired term shall be four years. Par. 2. Justices of the Peace shall have ju risdiction in all civil cases arising ex contractu, and in cases of injuries or damages to person al property when ffie principal cqiq dqes pot exceed one hpudyed dollars,' ftud shall sit monthly, at fixed times and places ; hut iu all cases there may be an appeal to a jury in said Court, or an appeal to the Superior Court, under such regulations as may be prescribed by law. Par. 3. Justices of the l’eaoe shall be elect ed by the legal voters in their respective dis tricts, and shall be commissioned by the Gov ernor. They shall he removeable on oonvictloa for malpractice in office. Section VIII. Paragraph 1- Commissioned Notaries Public, not to exceed one for each Militia District, may be appointed by the Judges of tho Superior Courts in their re spective Circuits, upon reoomtneudatiou of the grand juries of the several 'dountieg. They shall be commissioned by the for the term of four yeays, ap'd shall be ex officio, Jus tices of the Peace, and shall be removable on conviction for malpractice in office. Section IX. Paragraph 1. The jurisdiction, powers, proceedings and practice of all Courts or officers invested with judicial powers (ex cept City Courts) of the same grade or class, so far as regulated by law, and the force and effect of the prooess, judgment and de*so,"By Huch Courts, severally, shall US uhlrorin. This uniformity must he established by the General Assembly. Sbction X. Paragraph 1. There shall be an Attorney-General of this State, who shall be elected by the people at the same time, for the same torm, and in the same mafiu-r as the Governor. ' ' 1 <- u v . ; ~ _ 2- St shall be jlie quty of the Attorney- Gelieral to act a£ the legal adviser of the Ex ecutive Department; to represent the State In the Supreme Court ip all (iniUl talonios ; and in all civil and criminal cases in any Court when required by the Governor, and to per form suoh other services as shall borrqulred of him bylaw. Section XI. Paragraph I. There shall be a Solicitor-General for each Judicial Circuit, whose official term, except when commissioned to fill an uu6Xoirnd term, shall be f„m years. Par. 2. It shall he tbp dqry of tho Boliettor- General tarenriioiii.t the mall cases in tpo Superior Courts of bis Circuit, and in all cases taken up from his Circuit to the Supreme Court; and to perform such other services as shall be required of him by law. • '*■ * Section XII. Paragraph 15' 'The Judges of the Supreme and Superior Courts and Scfiioi tovs General shall b elected by the General Assembly, in joint session, on such day, or days, as shall be fixed by joint resolution of both Houses. At the session of the General Assembly, which is held next before tie ex piration of the terms of the, present moum bents, as provided in tbis Constitution, their successors Shall hi chosen; and the same shall apply to the election of those who shall suc ceed tfiem- Yacaticie’S occasioned by death, resignation or other oause, shall be filled by appointment of the Governor, until the Gen eral Assembly shall convene, when an election shall be held to fill the unexpired portion of the vacant terms. Section XIII. Paragraph 1. The Judges of the Supreme Court shall have, out of the Treasury of the State, salaries not to exceed three thousand dollars per annum • the Judges of the Superior Courts shall have salaries not to exceed two thousand dollars per annum ; tie Attorney-General shall have a salary not to exceed two thousand dollars per annum; and the Solicitors-General shall each salaries not to exceed two bunnred Snfi fiftv dollars per qnr.gm , but the Attorney-General shall not haVe any fee or perquisite in any cases arising after the adoption* of this Con stitution ; but the provisions of this section shall not affect the salaries of thoee now in office. Par. 2. The General Assembly may. at any time, by a two-thirds vote a J each branch, presoribfi other ana different salaries for any or all of the above officers, but no sneh change shall affect the offioers then in commission. Section XIV. Paragraph 1. No person shall be Judge of the Supreme or Superior Courts, or Attorney-General, unless at the time of his election he shall have attained the age of thirty years, and shall have been a citizen of tbe State three years, and Have practiced law (or seven years: and no person shall be here after elected Solicitor-General unless at the time of his election he <shaU have attained twenty-five years of age, shall have been a citizen of the State for three years, and shall have practiced law for three years next pre ceding his election. Section XV. Paragraph 1. No total divorce shall be granted except on thb concurrent verdicts of two juries, at different terms ef pie Court. n I Par 2. When a divoice is granted tho jury rendering the final verdict shall determine the rights and disabilities of the parties. Section XVI. Paragraph 1. Divorce oases shall be brought in the county where the de fendant resides, if a resident of this State; if the defendant he not a resident of this State, then in the county in whioh the plaintiff re sides. Par. 2. Cases respecting titles to laud shall be tried iu the connty where the laud lies, ex cept where a single tract is divided by a county line, iu which case the Superior Court of either oounty Bhall have jurisdiction. Par. 8. Equity cases shall be tried in the county where a defendant resides against whom substantial relief is prayed. Par. 4. Suits against joint‘obligors, joint promissors, copartners or joint trespassers, re siding in different counties, may be tried in either county. Par. 5. Suits against tho maker and endorser of promissory notes, or drawer, acceptor and endorser of foreign or inland bills of esohauge. or like instruments, residing in different coun ties, Bhall he brought in the county where the maker or acceptor resides. Par. 6 All other civil cases shall be tried in ihe county where tho defendant residos, and all criminal cases shall be tried in the oounty where the crime was oommitled, except cases in the Superior Courts where the Judge is satisfied that an impartial jury cannot he ob tained in such oounty. Section XVII. Paragragh 1. The power to change the venue iu civil and oriminal cases shall be vested in the Superior Court, to be exercised in such manner as has been, or shall he. provided hv law. Section XVIII. Paragraph 1. The right of trial by jury, except where it is otherwise pro vided in this Constitution, shall remain invio late, but the General Assembly may presoribo any number, not less thau five, to constitute a trial or traverse jury in Courts other than the Superior and City Courts. Par. 2. The Geuoral Assembly shall provide by law for the selection of the most expe rienced, intelligent and upright men to servo as grand jurors, and intelligent aud upright men to servo as traverse jurors. Nevertheless, the grand jurors shall be competent to servo as traverse jurors. Par. 3. It shall be the duty of the General Assembly, by general laws, to presoribo tho manner of fixing compensation of jurors in all connties in this State. Section XIX. Paragraph I. The Goneral Assembly shall have power to provide for the creation of County Commissioners in such counties as may require them, and to define their duties. Section XX. Paragraph 1. All Courts not specially mentioned by liinio iu the first sec tion of this article may ho abolinhod iu any county, at the dis/retion of the General As sembly. Section XXL Paragraph 1. The costs in the Supreme Court shall not, oxoeed ten dollars, until otherwise provided by law. Plaintiffs in error shall not bo required to pay costs in said Court when tho usual pauper oath is filed in the Court below. Article Vll—Finance, Taxation mid flic Pub lic Debt. Section I. Paragraph 1. The powers of taxa tion ever the whole Slate shall be exercised by the Geueral Assembly for the following pur poses only : For the support of the State government and the public institutions. For educational purposes, instructing chil dren in the elementary branches of an English oduoation only. To pay the interest on the pablio debt. To pay the principal of tiie public debt. To suppress insurrection, to repel invasion, and defend the State iu time of war. To supply tho Holdiers who lost a limb, or limbs, iu the military servioe of the Confed erate States, with substantial artificial limbs during life. Seotion 11. Paragraph 1. All taxation shall be uniform upon the same olass of subjects, and ad valorem on all property subject to bo taxed within the territorial limits of the au thority levying the tax, and shall he levied aud collected under geueral laws. Tfie General Assembly may, however, impose a tax upon suoh domestic animals as, from their nature and habits, are destructive of other property. Par. 2. The General Assembly may, by law, exempt from taxation all public property, places of religious worship or burial, all insti tutions of purely public charity, all buildings erected for aud used as a college, incorporated academy, or other seminary of horning, the real aud personal estate of any publio library, and that of any other literary association, used by or connected witli suoh library, all books and philosophical apparat is, and all paintings and statuary of any company or association kept in a public hall and not held as tpeiglian fiise or for purposes of sale or gaju: Pro vided, the property so exempted he not used for purposes of private or corporate profit or inoome. Par. 3. No poll tax shall be levied except for educational purposes, and bucli tax shall not oxoeed one dollar annually upon each poll. Par. 4. All laws exempting property from taxation other than tho property herein enu merated shall be void. Par. 5. The power to tax corporations and corporate property shall not he surrendered 0 r suspended by any contract of grant to which the State shall be a party. Seotion 111. Paragraph 1. No dobt shall bo contt acted by* or on behalf of the State ex cept to supply casual deficiencies of revenue, to repel invasion, suppress insurrection and defend the State in lime of war, or to pav the existing publio debt; hut tiie debj created to supply deficiencies ip revonpe'sfialj not ex ceed, )n fhe aggregate, two hundred thousand dollars. Seotion IV. Paragraph I. All laws author izing the borrowing of money by or on behalf of the State shall Bpecify the purposes for which the money is to he UHed, and the money so obtained shall bo ti ed for the purpose spe cified and for no other. Section V. Paragraph 1. Tlie credit of the State shall not be pledged or loaned to any In dividual, oompany, corporation of association, and the State shall not* become a joint owner or stockholder in any company, association or corporation. Section VI. Paragraph 1. The General As semby shall not authorize any county, munici pal corporation, or political division of tbis State to become a stockholder in any company, corporation or association, or to appropriate money for or to loan its credit to any corpora tion, company, association, puJitutian or indi vidual, oxoopt for purely charitable purposes. This restriction shall not operate to prevent the support of schools by municipal corpora tions within their respective limits; Provided, that if any municipal corporation shall offer to the State any property for locating or building a Capitol, and the Htato accepts such offer, the corporation may comply with such offer. Par. 2. The General Assembly sliuu ur.thave power to tfl ay oounty the right to leyyg tax Tor Any purpose, except for educa tional purposes iu instructing children in tho clmeutary branches of an English education only; to build aud repair the pub ic buildings and bridges; to maintain and support prison ers; to pay jurors and coroners, a\ul 'for litiga tion, quarantine, rrafiy, and"expenses of Courts; to support' paupers apfi pay debts here tofore existing. SpcTfOtj Vjl. Paragraph 1. The debt here after iuourted by any county, municipal corpo ration, or political division of this .State, ex cept as iu this Constitution provided for, shaii never exceed seven per centum of the assessed value of all the taxable property therein, and no such county, municipality or division shall incur any new debt, except (or a' temporary loan or loans tq supply Casual deficiencies of reyequ?, not to exceed one-fifth of one per centum of the assessed value of taxable prop erty theiein. without the assent of two-thirds of the qualified voters thereof, at a>; (.lection for that purpose, to be '.old as may he pre scribed by law ; hut any oily, the dffbi of which deeq not pstpod deTen pAr dentdffj' of the av aessyfi valtffi' of fye taxable ' ppoperiy at the tithe of the adoption of this Constitution, may be authorised by law to increase, at any time, the amount of said debt three per centum upon such assessed valuation. Par. 2. Any (county, municipal corporation, or political division of this State, wh&L snail incur any bonded indebtednoos uniter the pro v sions of this shall, at or before the time of #q tteuig, provide for the as-esii me’ut afad oofleotion of an annual tax sufficient in amount to pay the principal and interest of said debt within thirty years from the date of the incurring of said indebtedness. Section VIII. Paragraph l. The tytste shall not assume the debt. nor. Say part thereof, of any county, municipal 'corporation, or political division of the IJtato, such debt shall be contracted to enable (he State io repel in vasion, suppress fuawreetiou, or defend it self ip time at ww, BaciHlN IX. Par. I. The receiving dirootly or indirectly, by any offioer of State or county, or member or officer of the General Assembly, of any interest profits, or perquisites, arising from the use or loan of public fuudS m his hands, or moneys to rt'SAd through his agency for State co;. bounty purposes, shall he dnemod a fq.loay, aud puuisfiable as may be prffspfibua by law, a part of which punishment shall he a disqualification of holding office. Section X. Par. 1 MnDicip&l corporations shall not incur any debt until provision tbftfa for shall have been made hv the mnpimpat government. * ~ Section XI. Par. 'The General Assembly shall have no authority to appropriate money, either directly of indirectly, to pay the- whole, or any pkrt, of the principal, or interest, oil the bonds, or other obligations whWi hare been pronounced illegal, null aud void by the Gen eral Assembly, and th’e constitutional amend,- mei'ts; ieiinea by a vote of the people on the brut dayorMAy, 1*77; nor shall the General Assembly have authority to pjty any of .he ob ligatiohs created, by tJija under laws dur ing the late fetween the States, nor any of tip bands, notes, or obligations made and catered into during tbe existence of said war. the time for the payment of which was fixed after the ratification of a treaty of peaoe be tween the United States and the Confederate States; nor shall the General As*;mtly pass any law, or the Governor, or o(hw Sate offi cial enter into any oerntratj, or agreement, whereby the ff bate Shall made a party to any suit iu anyOourt of this State, or of the Unit ed Slates, instituted to test the validity of anv such bonds or obligations. Section XII. Paragraph 1. Tim bunded debt of the State shan never V* increased, except to repel t*e UUte tH time of war. JteCTioN xm. Paragraph 1. The proceeds ii the sale of the Western and Atlantic. Macon and Brunswick, or other railroads, held, by the State, and any othdr propfirtyowned by the State, whenevCi vhe General Assembly may authorise the dale' o'L ifie whole, or an# part tK'paViLTof^he bonded debt of too State, and shall not be used for any other purpose whatever, so long as the State has any existing bonded debt; Provided, that the proceeds of the sale of the Western and Atlantic Bailroad shall be applied to the payment of the bonds for which said rsiiroad has been mortgaged in to all other bonds. -d * 1. Tho General As fcfraO raise by ’taxation each year, in aduKion to the sum required to pay the public expenses and interest on the publio debt, the sum of one hundred thousand dollars, which shall be held as a sinking fund to pay oft arid retire the bonds of the Stare which havd net yet matured, and shall be applied to no other purpose whatever. If the bonds cannot at any time be purchased at Or below par, then the sinking fund herein provided for may be loan ed by'the Governor and Treasurer of the State; Provided, the security which, shall be demand ed for said loan shall consist only of the valid bond* of the State; but this section shall not $2 A YEAR—POSTAGE PAID take effeot until tho eight per cent, currency bonds, issued under the act of February 19tli, 1878, shall have been paid. Section XV. Paragraph 1. The Comptroller- General and Treasurer shall each make to the Governor a quarterly report of tho financial condition of tho State, which report shall in clude a statement of the assets, liabilities and income of tho State, aud expenditures therefor, for the three months preceding; and it ehail be the duty of the Governor to carefully ex amine the same by himself, or through compe tent persons connected with his department, and cause an abstract thereof to be published for tho information of the people, which ab stract shall be endorsed by him aH having been examined Section XVI. Paragraph 1. The General As sembly shall not, by vote, resolution or order grant any donation, or gratuity, in favor of any person, corporation or association. Par. 2. The Geueral Assembly shall not grant or authorize extra compensation to any publio officer, agent or contractor after the service has been rendered, or the contract en tered into. Section XVII. Paragraph 1. The office of the State Printer shall cease with the expira tion of the term of the present incumbent, and tho Geueral Assembly shall provide hv law for letting the pnblio printing to the lowest re sponsible bidder, or bidders, who shall give adequate and satisfactorv security for tho faithfnl performance thereof. No member of the Geueral Assembly or other publio officer shall be interested, either direotly or indirect ly, in any snch contract. Article Vlll.—lCdtiunlion. Section I. Paragraph 1. There shall be a thorough system of common schools for iho oduoation of children in tho elementary branches of an English education only, as near ly uniform as practicable, tho expenses of which shall bo provided for by taxation, or otherwise. The schools shall lie free to all children of tho State, but separate schools shall be provided for tho white ami colored races. Section 11. Paragraph 1. There shall be a State School Commissioner appointed by the Governor, and confirmed by tho Senate, whose term of office shall he two years, and until his successor is appointed aud qualified. His office ehall be at the seat of government, and he shall bo paid a salary not to exceed two thousand dollars per annum. The General Assembly may substitute for the State School Commis sioner such officer or officers as may bo deem ed necessary to perfect the system of public education. Section 111. i avagraph I. Tho poll tax, any educational fund now belonging to tho State (exoept the endowment of the debt due lo tho University of Georgia), a special tax on shows and i xbibitions, and on the sale of spirituous or malt liquors—which tho Goneral Assembly is hereby authorized to assess—and the pro ceeds of any o mmutation tax for military ser vice. and all taxes that may be assessed on such domestic animals as, from their nature and habits, are destructive to other properly, are hereby set apart and devoted to the sup port of oommon schools. Section IV. Paragraph 1. Authority may he granted to counties, upon tho recommenda tion of two grand juries, and to nmuieipal cor porations, upon the recomtaondation of the oorporato authority, to establish and maintain public BChiols in their respective limits, by local taxation; bqt no such local laws shall take offect until the same shall havo been sub mitted to a vote of the qualified voters in each county or municipal corporation, ami approved by a two-tliirds vote of persons qualified to vote at such election; and the General Assem bly may prescribe whq shall vote on suoh ques tion. Seotion V- Paragraph 1. Existing local sohool systems shall not bo affected by this Constitution. Nothing contained in seotion first of this article shall be construed to de prive schools in this State, not common schools, from participation in the educational fund of the State, as to all pupils thorein taught in tho elementary branohes of an English education. Section VI. Panvgvsyji I. Tho trustees of the University qf Georgia may acoept be quests, donations aud grants of land or other property, for the use of Haid university. In addition to tho payment of the annual "inter est on the debt due by the Slato to the uni versity, tho General Assembly may, fron\ (duo to time, mako such donations thftretg aH the condition of the Treasury will authorize, and Ihe Goneral Assembly may, from time lo time, make spell donation to any college or uni versity for the education of the colored people (uot exceeding one) as tho condition of tho Treasury will authorize. Par. 2. And the General Assembly 14 ay also, from time to timo, mii|o sqcfi appropriations of money as the condition of the Treasury will authorize to any college or nniversitv, not ex ceeding one in number, now estahliHhed or horeafter to ha established in this Stato for the oduoation of persons of color. Article IX—Honieatenil mid Exemptions. Section X. Paragraph 1. There shall he ex empt from levy and sale, by virtue of guy wo oess whatever, under the lqw# of this State except as hereinafter excepted, of the proper ty °t every hei(j of a family, or guardian, or trustee of a family of minor children, or every aged or infirm person, or person having the oare and support of dependent females or any age, who is not the head of a family, realty or personality, or both, to the valuo in the aggre gate of sixteen hundred dollars. Section If. Paragraph 1- No Court or min isterial offioer in this State shall ever have jurisdiotiop or authority to enforce any judg ment, execution, or decree against the proper ty set apart for sncli purposes, including such improvements as may bo made thereon, from time to time, exoopt for taxes, for the pur chase money of the same, for labor done thereon, for material furnished therefor, or for the removal of onoumbrances thereon Section 111. Paragraph 1. The debtor shall have power to waive or renounce fin writing! his right to the benefit, of fips exemption pro vided for in thfs article, except wearing ap pargl and not exceeding throe hundred dollars worth of household amt kitchen furniture ami provisions for one year, to he selected by him salf and wife, if any; and he shall not, after it is set apart, alienate or encumber tl\o property so exempted, but it may he sold ty the debtor and his wife, if any, jointly ami with the uano tion of the Judge of rhe Superior Court of tho county where the debtor resides or tho land is Biyaqtea, the same uses. Section IV. Paragraph 1. The General As sembly shall provide by law an early aw practi cable for tho wetting apart and valuation of said property. But nothing in this artViia shall be construed to affect or for exemption of jfrojpa wale oontained of this State in paragraphs 2010 tp t inclusive and the acts amendatory thereto, It may be optional with tho appli cant to take either, but not both of such exemp tions. 1 Section V. Paragraph 1. The debtw shall have authority to waive nr ronc.nnvo in writing his right to tho lien opt of the exemption pro vided fof jn section four, oxcept as is oxcopted in cccfion a of this article. Section VI- Paragraph 1. The applicant shall at any time, have the right to suppk ment. his exemption by adding to an amount already set apart whioli is Jess than the whole amount of exemption herein allowed a unlfi ciency to make his exemption to the whole amount. - ’ Section VII. I. Homesteads and exemptions cf personal property which have heon -,,wvtuforo set apart by virtue of the pro visions of the existing Constitution of this State, and in accordance with the hy,, tor the enforcement thereof, or which may be hero „f --tor set apart, at any ti me, qfiaii he ami remain vahd as against ah debt's, wl liabilities exiet lng at U,e rime of the athjpijim. of this Cousti tuliom f,o tho sarns cistern that tlioy would have been had said existing Conslitution not been revised. VI,L . I' ara graph 1, Bights whioh become vested under ju-eviouisly eating f n °t bs effected by anything herein contained, .a all eases in which homesteads nave Ceen set apart \V>iW- the Constitution ol 1868, and tho laws made in pursuance thereof, *hd ft S-MW IWe sale of such property lias been subsequently made, and the full purchase price thereof has been paid, all right of exemption in such property by reason of having been set apart shall ceaao in so far ati i( aSteots tlio right of the purchaser, (n qlt mmU cases where a part only of, Uo purchase price has been pau\. s\h>h irauaaqtious sliall be governo-1 by lawq now of force in tbis Ktate, in ho far as they affect the rights of the purchaser, as though said property had not been sot apart. Heotion IX. Paragraph 1. parties wU-I h've taken a homestead of realty under (fie law of 1868 shall have the right to sell said home stead and reinvest tfie of the sale of the same by order 9 fr (ho Jjudsos of the Supe rior Courts 9f thS* Statu, Article X—Militia. Section I. Paragraph 1. A well regulated militia being eayeutiai to the peace and nec-U” rity of the State, the General Awiembjy eiiall have authority to provide l-y law how (lie militia of this State Shall bP organized, offi cered, trained, .HueJ, aiid equipped, and of whon\ it consist. i i(*V *4P General Assembly shall have I powtr to authorize tbe of volunteer companies and to provide for their organiza tion into batiahoim, regiments, brigades, di visions and oorps, with suoh restrictions as yay bo prescribed by law, and shall have au ; tiiority to arm and equip the saote- Par. 3. The officers and ippn cf the militia and volunteer forces shall not be entitled to reoelye any pay, rations ar emoluments when no( in,aii service by authority of tho State. Arltele Xf—Counties and County Offlrera. Section I. Paragraph 1. Each county shall boa body corporate, with such powers and limitations as may be prescribed by Jaw. All suits by or against a oounty shall be in tbe name thereof: and th,e metes and bounds of tbe several counties shall remain as now pre scribed by law. unless changed as hereinafter provided Par. 2. No new county shall be created. Par 3. Oounty lines shall nut be changed unless under; the opuactiow of a general law for that purpose Par. * aooaty site shall be changed or ruuvyed except by a two-thirds vole of the ' qualified voter** of the com*ty, voting at an election held for thJ purpose, and a two thirds vote of the General Assembly. Par. fL iyn_Y county organization may he dissolved anid merged with contiguous eotin i ties, by a tyro-third* vote of the qualified electors of anchcoAuty, wring at an election held for that purpose. II. Pargraph 1. The county officers , shall be elected by the qualified voters of their respective counties, or districts, aud shall hold their offioes for two years. They shaii fee re moved on conviotion for malpractice in office, and no person shall be eligible to any of the offices referred to. iu this paragraph, unless he shall bavq. been a resident of the county for two years, and is a qualified voter. } Section 111. Paragraph 1. Whatever tribu nal, or officers, may hereafter be. created by the General Assembly for the' transaction of county matters shall uniform throughout the State, aud of tbe name name, jurisdiction and Twpdii}*, except that the General A*sm ciy may provide for the appointment oil Com- I jhjssioners of Hoads and Bevemte in. any ooun- Artlals XI IVPke inyi of, General Operation l|i Koran In Thin Htato. paragraph 1- The laws of general operation in this State are, first, as the supreme law: the Constitution of the United Staton, the laws of the United States in pursuance thereof, and all treaties made under the authority of the United States. Par. 2. Second. As next in authority thereto tins Constitution. Par. 3. Third. In subordination to the foro going : All laws now of force in this State, not inconsistent with this Constitution, and the ordinances of this Convention, shall remain of force until the same are modified or repeal by the General Asssemhly. Tho tax and appropriation acts passed at' the session of the General Assembly of 1877, and approv ed by the Governor of the State, and not in consistent witli (he Constitution, aro hereby continued of force until altered by law. Par. 4. Local and private acts passed for tho benefit of counties, oities, towns, corporations, and private persons, not inconsistent with the supremo law, nor with this Constitution, and which have not expired nor been repealed, shall have tho force of statute law subject to judicial decision as to their validity when passed, and to any limitations imposed by their own terms. Par. 5. All rights, privileges and immunities winch may have vested in, ox accrued to any person or persons, or corporation, in his, her or their own right, or in any fidnoiarv capaci - ty, under and in virtue of any act of {he Gou oral Assembly, or any judgment, decree, or order proceeding of any Court of common jurisdiction, in this State, heretofore render ed, shall he held inviolate bv all Courts before which they may he brought in question, unless attacked for fraud. Par. (!. All judgments, ileoreeH. orders and other proceedings of tho several Courts of this State, heretofore made, within the limits of their several jurisdictions, aro hereby ratified ami affirmed, subject only to reversal l>v mo tion for a now trial, appeal, bill of review, or other proceeding, in conformity with tho law of force when they were made.. Par. 7. The officers of the government now existing shall continue in tho exercise of Iheir several functions until their successors aro duly elected, appointed and qualified. But nothing herein vs to apply to any officer whose office may ho abolished by this Consti tution. Par. 8. Ihe ordinances of this Convention shall have the force of laws until otherwise provided by the Genera 1 Assembly, except the ordinances in reference to submitting the homestead and capital questions to a vote of the people, which ordinances, after being voted on, shall have the effect of constitu tional provisions. Article XII I —Alucmliiiciiis f (lie lliin. Section I. Paragraph 1. Any amendment, oi amendment*!, to this Constitution mav be proposed in tho Senate or House of ilop resentativos and if the same shall he agreed to by twodhhde of tho members elected to each of the two Hous.-s, su--li proposed amendment or amendments dial he eutored on their journals, with the yeas amt nays taken theroou. And the General Assem bly shall cause such amendment or amenii menia to bo published in ono or moro news paper m each CongroMßional District, for two months previous to tho time of holding tho next general election, and shall also pm vide for a submission of such proposed amend meut or amendments to tho people at said next general election, and if the people shall ratify such amendment or amendments, by a majority of t-lie electors qualified to vote fo • members of the General Assembly, voting thereon, such amendment or amendments, shall become a part of this Constitution. When more than one amendment Is submitted a! tho same tima, they shall he so submitted as to enable the electors to vote on each amendment separately. i‘ar. 2. No convention of tho pooplo shall bo oalled by tho General Assembly to revise, amend or change this Constitution, unless by the concurrence of two-thirds of tho members of each House of ilio General Assembly. Tho representation in said convention shall be. based un population as near as practicable. Seotion It. Paragraph 1. This Constitution shall he submitted for ratification or rejection to the electors of the State, at an elect ion to bo held on tho first Wednesday in December, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven, in the soveral election districts of this State, at which election every person shall he entitled! to vote who is entitled to vote for members of tl\e General Assembly under tho Constitution ami laws of force at the date of such election; said election to bo bold and conducted as is now provided by law for holding elections for members of the General Assembly. All per sons voting at said election in favor of adopt ing this Constitution shall write or have print ed on their ballots the words “For llatifica- Mon;" and all persons opposed to the adoption of this Constitution shall write or hove printed on their ballots tho words, “Against Itatitlca tion.” Par. 2. The votes cast, at said election shall be consolidated in each of tho counties of this State, as is now required by law in elections for members of the General Assembly, and returns thereof made to tho Governor; and sly)tyld a majority of all the votos cast at said election bo in favor of ratification, lie shall de clare the said Constitution adopted, and make* proclamation of the result of said election by publication in one or moro newspapers in each Congressional District of tho State, but, should a majority of the votes cast be against ratifi cation. he shad iu the samo manner proclaim tho said QojßStitution rejected. TIIKDARKIKK’ DRAW POK.ftfe. [From (hi Virginia (Nev.) Chronicle.} A large crowd gathered at Judge Moss’ Court yesterday afternoon to wit ness the trial of an assault and battery case. Tho trouble had originated be tween two negroes at a poker game, and the jury and the witnesses were all of the colored persuasion. John Bennett and Joe lied man were tho defendants, and the latter, being tried by tho Court, was convicted and fined S4O. This de cision had its effect on Bennett, who re marked : “Guess I’ll have a jury. Bin Court am too much for me.” A jury of colored men were according ly summoned, and tho Sun began, ft was charged that Bennett, while playing a game of poker with Redman, had drawn a knife and threatened to make* the trouble. Bennett took the stand,, and made the following explanation: “lie see, Jedge, we was playin’ poker down in de saloon, and we got $6 in do pot, and I had a full hand—free aoes and two queens, Jedge, sure’ you sit. yer.” A juror prising in his place) --Whs dish yer straight poker or draw ? The witness—Draw. The juror—I thought so. The witness—Well, ye see, Jedge— Judge Moses--Turn around and ad-' dress tho jury, sir. The witness—Yissah. Yo see I held a fail, ?>'ud doe, he held a flush. When I called, he said : “J’se got a flush,” an’ ho reached for de pile. “Hold on dar,” says I, “a full heats a flush.” Says he, “You lie !” I jus pulled out my pipe to take a smoko and argy de point, and he jumped up and grabbed a char—and dat*s how de row started in.” A juror—Did he start for you wid that cheer ? The witness—Well, he sorter did far a spell, and den ho sorterlet up and stood standiu’ for me to eome. Redman next took tho stand and tes tified w follows : “Ye see, jedge, I had a flush, and John said ho had a full hand. Mine was a flush, shnah, jedge,- and so I reckoned on de stakes; and John he pulled a knife as I s’posed, and I jumped up and grabbed a cheeah to hit him over de head. When I see de knife was only a pipe I was so ’shamed o’ myeelf, I jes’ didn’t know what to do,” Judge—Do you mean to say a flush beats a full ? The witness -Course I do. Four jurors at once—How’s dat ? The witness—it was a sequence flush. The four jurors at once—Oh !, A juror—Did you make any “greement about sequence flush before ye started in to commence on do gap-.e at the out set ? Witness—No, We wasu’t playing a chile’s game, The jure* sank hack amid the laugh ter of hifi companions, and then all hands looked owlishly wise for tho next three minutes. The ease finally went to the jury, who, after settling the relative values of a “sequence flush” and a “full,”gave a verdict of acquittal. THE COTTON TKAOE- A New llcpurtnre. \Atlanta ConstiPtt-icm.{ It is rumored that there is to bo quite an innovation in local cotton trade this Fall. The present system of street buy ing will be no little affected if the plan is earried out as it is proposed. It is said that Mr. C. H. Strong, the well known ootton buyer, intends to inaugu rate regular auction sales of cotton at the warehouse of McCandless, Ellis & Cos., the auction to be conduced by Mr. Ellis, who is an artist in this line. It is claimed that the best means of finding the trne market value of any commodity is to advertise it, and offer it for sale at publio outcry to tho highest bidder. This is practically douo now by the present system of street buying, for the farmer always inquires around and sells to the best bidder on his cotton. The proposed new plan is, the subject of con siderable comm- i;li in some quarters, and is regarded a; good movement. If Judge Strong undertakes it be has the visa and energy to push it through. No i'hanee for ihe Poor Ulnn. [From tke Boston Traveler. 1 “Say, Mister,” said a small boy to one of the assistants at the Public Library yes terday, “I can't find the books I want to git in these here catalogues, I wish yer'dfind ’em for me.” “What work do - yon wish to draw ?” paternally inquired the official. “Well, hev yer got Mulli gan the Masher, or the Gory Galoot of the Galtees ?” The man shook his head. “Well, I’d like ‘Bed Headed Ralph, the Banger of the Boaring Rial to.’ ” “We don’t keep any of that kind of trash, my boy.” “Wot sort of a libra ry is this, anyhow ? ” retorted the gam in. “Why, its just like everythin’ else in this country—run for the rich, an’ the poor workingman gits no show at all,”