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He WwMa $ Constitutionalist,
VOLUME XCV
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ADDRESS all dommunicationH U
WALHH A WRIGH’I.
OnaotnoLE ahd Comrra.TiojaußT,
Augusta, Ot.
kuitohul notes.
Let us have a thaw.
Haves may be said to have given Whitta
ker a near ear gift.
Senator Edmunds will object to the count
ing of Georgia’s electoral vote. Of course.
Twenty degrees below zero in Marshall
town, lowa, and not a ton of coal for sale
in the city.
The destitution among the many poor
people of the Northern cities is dreadfully
aggravated by this terrible weather.
Voi.itntef.u officers who were transferred
to the regular army are called mustangs by
the West Pointers. What are West Pointers
•called by volunteer officers?
Aha Cavendish has pnenmonia and her
engagements are cancelled. She is a high
ly organized woman, but wears her dresses
too low for comfort or health.
Frank Hurd. is advising the New York
Democracy how to reorganize. John Kelly
thinks his services are more required at To
ledo, especially as he will, ufter March 4th,
carry his official head under his arm.
The Constitution paternally advises Judge
Lochrane’s German bondholders to go to
the developers who victimized them for
payment. Here is a valuable suggestion for
Judge Lochrane. He might take anew
departure and make a bigger fee.
By blockading the Baltimore and Ohio
Rwi Iway on the Philadelphia route, the
Pennsylvania Central will pntn spider in its
own pudding. The Reagan bill for regu
lating inter-State commerce has become
suddenly very popular in Congress.
The Senate of Vermont, in its closing
lu.jvs, rejected a bill appropriating SI,OOO
for 4he establishment .of a State Board of
Health, which had passed the House, and
which, it is said, the physicians of the State
unanimously asked for and public opinion
approved. The spirit of Senator Edmunds
reigns in Vermont.
We see from the Washington papers that
Senator Brown is a visitor at the White
House. Was it not Senator Brown who
thus wrote, some years ago, March 20th,
1877 : "I consider the counting in of Hayes
the grandest fraud ever perpetrated on the
American people. Entertaining these views,
I cannot recommend my friends to the
President for any position whatever and I
shall uniformly decline to do so.”
We regret to hear that Hon. Wki.don
Pnu'K, of Oconee, was injured in an alter
cation at Watkinsville, the other day. We
trust liis wound will not prove a dangerous
one. Mr. Price was an active, attentive
legislator during the rcceut session, and
was the introducer of several bills which
evidenced his interest for his people and
for the State. He made many friends dur
ing the session who trust to see him sound
in health for the Summer term.
I rejoice that the South is solid. And
therein she shows her vitality and desire,
and her right to live. Eleven States went
its to the rebellion, now fifteen stand in a
common cause, and New Jersey, and Neva
da, and California of the North, and a ma
jority of all the 50,000,000 of this nation
stand with her. There she stands, and
there let her stand forever.—Cassius M.
Ci.ii/. Yon are right, Mr. Clay. The soli
darity ot the South is her most formidable
security.
Apropos of the retirement of several
lAAtesmen from the upper House of Con
gress, the New York Sun grimly says. “A
Senator of the United States is a rather im
portant person while his term lasts, hut
whatever glory comes with the office is apt
to depart with it at the end of six years. A
distinguished ex-Senator is famous because
lie is a distinguished man, not because he
is an e\-Senator. There are plenty of ex
Senators n different parts of the country
who might as well be ex-Coroners, for any
permanent advantage to reputation derived
from the office***
v \Ve feel the cold io the South much more i
than \ve would at the North. The changes
here Are too sudden and extreme: our
houses arc not constructed for warmth; and j
onr blood is too thin for the advent of a]
••blizzard." Southerners who go North in
Winter enjoy tha season. Many Northern 1
people who come South complain of the ,
marrow-searching faculty of OBr very cold
days. Luckily, such weather as we now
"—so called -is • rarity and will
a great while. The only benefit 1
defivuple is the possibility of cheap ice next
Summer and a diminution of the cock
roach supply.
4 'on. Ikgersoll protests against the dia
frajK'L’isement of the District of Columbia,
but his ,’oval chum of the Tribune reminds
him that "in theory th*Government is as
autocratic as Jhat of Siam, but in practice it
has proved mad. more satisfactory than the
system of a Legiatature and popular suf
frage which it supplsuted. and which pro
duced Boss Shetbeed B*4 the Washington
King." This is a fair retort, but this same
Trib'ine is doing all it can to rent£ jn South
Carolina, for example, what has bee* repu
diated at Washington.- It . was negro suf,
frage, and not Boas SaiFBXRD and the Ring,
that outraged the people at Washington.
A -efBRESPoxDKHT of the Pjtron of Jiu*-
llHindrg. i.n urging Soothern planters to raise
as much *8 possible their own food sup
plies, says "On the 10th of last June I
planted acre* in corn and paid ill 50
*o cultivate and gather it; and it cost me
dU per bushel < the crib. 1 sold
to a neighbor 100 bushels U this corn for
SUS; he paid me money that he got for his
cotton at eight eentt net; that is, he go
me B>* pounds of cotton, for a, bushel of
corn.- Now, a good man wBR proper tools
and a good team can raise amd p 9i in tha
crib 2,000 bushels of com. and if fee aould
exchange it at the same price that 1 got he
would get 40bales of cotton,' afpraging
400 pounds each."
SOUTHERN CAPITAL.
The Columbia Register is losing faith in
the loose talk of too many Southern com
munities about inviting capital from abroad
in order to develop home industries. Our
contemporary venture* the assertion that
‘•the South has more than capital enough
to-day hid away, boarded or lying idle on
deposit, to put all her great resources on a
fair and practicable round of development.
In South Carolina alone, there is not a dol
lar les* than $0,000,000 boarded and hid
awy thronghout the State. And, while
this is the case, our State debt of $6,000,-
000 is drawing $300,000 per annum, a great
part of which is transferred to Northern
holders of our bonds, which may as well be
held here by these very people whose money
is lying idle on deposit in every bank in
the State.”
We dare say there is much truth in this
statement. How much money is hidden ;
away and hoarded in Georgia we eannot '
say, bnt the sum is probably a large one.
But the rebuke of our Columbia friend does J
not fall with crushing weight upon this j
Commonwealth. Factories are springing
up all over this State. Columbus and Au- j
gasta have worked wonders, not only with j
their own capital, bnt with aid from abroad.
We understand that Columbus has not de
pended at all upon outside aid in her man
ufacturing enterprises, while Augusta,
though indebted to financial assistance from
other communities, at least gave substantial
assurance of her faith and advantages.
If South Carolina has $0,000,000 hid
away it should be coaxed out and made to
do good service for the individual and com
mon weal. How to do that is the prob
lem. France has solved it. She borrows
from her own people and keeps her debt at
home. South Carolina loses her wealth by
an opposite policy. The Register says :
“Whilst we are hiding away this $6,000,-
000 we are paying out $300,0(H) every year
that God sends for the use of money from
abroad. This tTanfers from our industry
and capital not less that $3,000,000 to the
decade, and the amount of the whole debt
in twenty years.”
Other States, besides South Carolina, are
doing the same thing, in many ways.
Sometime ago we showed the enormous
profit of the boot and shoe trade, much of
which ought to be kept in the South. So
with a hundred other matters. It would
startle our readers to know the amount of
insurance* that goes out of this section, and
the driblet that comes back. We must, as
far as possible, live within ourselves and
husband onr profits as well as our resources.
In no other way can we grow wealthy and
powerful. The South has been the Ireland
of the Union. She will become the India
also if she does not have a care.
A RAY OK HOPE.
There is a glimmer of hope for the color
ed brethren in the way of a Cabinet ap
pointment under the new Administration.
The movement is n very powerful nud ur
gent one at Washington ami elsewhere.
Leaders of the freedmen are at work in all
the Sonthern States, and in some of the
Northern, making their claims heard in
high places. These colored leaders place
great reliance upon what Gen. Garfield
said, in a speech at New York, in August
last. Here are the witching words :
Auother thing we will remember; we will re
member our allies who fought with us. Soon
after the great struggle began wo looked behind
the army of white rebels and saw 1,000,000 of
black people condemned to live as slaves, and
we found that the hearts of these 4,000,000 were
Gop-inspired with the spirit of liberty, and that
they were our friends. [Applause.] We have
seen white men betray the tlag, and fight to kill
the Union, but in all that long, dreary war, we
never saw a traitor in a black skin. [Great
cheers.) Our prisoners escaping from the star
vation of prison, tieeing to our lines by.the light
of the North star, never feared to enter the
black man’s cabin and ask for bread. [“Good,
good ! that’s so 1” amid cheers.] In all that
period of suffering and danger, no Union sol
dier was ever betrayed by a black man or wo
man. [Applauso.] And now that we have
made them free, so long as we live we shall
stand by these black allies. [Renewed ap
plause.] We will stand by them until the sun
of liberty, fixed in the firmament of our Consti
tution, shall shine with equal ray on every man,
black or white, throughout our Union.[Cheers.]
We regret to say that some of the more
prominent politicians, of all parties and
flections, find it convenient very often to
repudiate the perfervid promises made on
the hustings, during a campaign. Many a
man “counted in the day of battle is for
gotten in the division of the spoil.” Dur
ing the war, the foreign;elements at the
North were remembered by the Republicans
as food for powder, but they have been
caricatured, abused and laughed at, as a
mass, since the battle flags were furled. —
For further particulars, see a hundred
or more numbers of “the journal of civili
zation,” so-called, which is otherwise known
as Harper's Weekly. It is true that the
Germans have been remembered by one of
the least estimable, though one of tlio
smartest, of their number. Carl Schurz, a
political Swiss and Dugaj.d Dalgetty, has
had a Cabinet position ; but any foreigner
daring to be a Democrat, since the war,
has fared badly, in spite of any bravery he
might have exhibited in defense of the
Union.
General Garfield speaking at New York
and General Garfield selecting a Cabinet
as President may not exactly “eonsist.’-
We do not wonder that the colored people,
who saved Garfield and his party from ut
ter overthrow, and mado the next House
reliably Republican, should dwell with
fond reliance upon the words we have
quoted. We admit that they convey a ray
of hope, but it may snft'er total eclipse. We
do not marvel that they should interpret
General Garfield’s language to mean at
least a Cabinet position for Budce, Elliott,
Whitprh, Pledger, or some other black or
colored man. But from Col. McClure's
revelations of the hatred borne colored
people in Pennsylvania and elsewhere in
Republican centres, we fear the Cabinet
position will be urged for in vain by the
freedmen. A Washington correspondent
of the CovriVv-.A mrnal gives as the opinion
of Colonel Hill, a Southern Republican
from Arkansas, that the colored brother
will find himself vastly mistaken; that the
negroes must take a back seat; that the Re
publican party did enough for them when
they were made voters, and instead of exer
cising modesty and waiting until fit for of
ficial service, they rnshed in to fill all the
offices with themselves and the carpet-bag
gers. “The South,’’ he continued, “need
have no fear but that the era of carpet-bug
gery and nigger-raggery is passed; we will
have no more of it.” ",
If President Garfield shall take this vul
gar view there will be no negro or colored
man appointed to a Cabinet position. There
is a slender chance that he will repudiate
Col. Hill’s ip** dixit This will imply a
large degree of gratitude upon the part of
Gen. Garfield. In case he should snob
his colored “allies" and “go hack''’ on his
“friends,” and forget his faithful followers
—what then ? Will the betrayed and in
■ suited freediuen rally again to the Eepab
i lioan banner and rescue the “old machine”
in 1884 ? They may and they may not.
Even the patient camel can have too great a
burden placed upon his back. The negro
cannot be fooled forever with soft words
that butter no parsnips.
ANOTHER GLACIAL PERIOD.
Col. Blanton Duncan publishes a lot of
seteotijjc jargon to show that within fiTe
years there wjjj be another glacial period,
which will compieieiy oVerwhelsa a large
part of this continent. Proving his faith
by works, he is preparing to go to Texas in
! order to gat as near the equator as is conve
| uient. Whsf a revolution would be created
if this revelation bad any basis of truth !
I What, a reconstruction wouid the North
undergo, and what s "‘boom” would be
created in tha.South 1 Many hundreds nr
thousands of years- hence there way be
some such bauleversemtnt as Col. Blanton
tieiXiAV predicts, but we doubt its approach
within fiye yours, although CoL Grapt has
mysteriously whispered' that something
lively was to Sccur,' by the middle of thi
Month. Very dohl,j££iOßt lifts Siberia
were once the home oFthe elephant and
. the nursery OT the..orange and banana.
! Ages hence Boston may be sending sugar
to Lonsiana, and New Orleans may be ship
j ping ice to Boston. We suspect that Col
; one! Blanton Duncan has been taking
j his cue from Mr. George, who, with
| out appointing any stated period, pre~
; sages the retnrn of the geologic conditions
nnder which human life is impossible on
the earth. He says: “We know that they
! “must return again. Even now, as the
“earth circles on her appointed orbit, the
“ Northern ice cap slowly thickens, and the
“ time graduilly approaches, when its gla
“ciers will flow again, and austral seas
"sweeping northward, bury the seats of
“ present civilization under ocean wastes,
“as it may be they now bury what was
“once as high a civilization as our own.
"And beyond these periods science dis
cerns a dead earth, an exhausted sun—a
“time when, clashing together, the solar
“system shall resolve itself into a gaseous
“ form, again to begin immeasurable muta-
j-“ tions.”
Fbe audacity of Col. Duncan is in assign
| ing the period for this general cataclysm
within five years. We think he is wrong
| there and as liable to be deceived as the
! Millerites, who have so often prophesied the
| destruction oi the globe am] waited vainly
for a fulfilment of their portent. Another
mild winter like the last one will incline
men’s minds another way. Col. Duncan
must have suffered from chilblains when
making his New Year calls, and having a
disastrous experience of the polar wave him
self, set fortli to scientifically shiver every
body else. We would rather await our glacier
in Georgia than seek in Texas an escape from
trouble.
••SIT DOW*, SMITH !’>
Hon. Ben. LeFevre, of Indiana, a Demo
cratic member of Congress from a reliable
Jeffersonian stronghold, has been investi
gating the Botanical Garden at Washing
ton. He finds that this institution is prob
ably an outgrowth of the time when Thad
Stevens and his party operated outside of
that Constitution they strove to supplant,
and went to war ostensibly to preserve. He
certainly has discovered that it exists con
trary to law, and that the chief beneficiary
is one W. R. Smith, who has bad what the
printers call "a fat take,” for the past
twelve years. Mr. LeFevp.e declares that
though $500,000 have been spent on it, it
has never accomplished anything of the
objects for which it is supposed to exist,
viz., the diffusion of horticultural knowl
edge among the people, the propagation of
rare plants and trees, and that in fact the
people are being taxed $15,000 per year
for supplying a few favored Congressmen
and Senators with nosegays, and the con
servatories of their friends with choice
plants and flowers, and contributing to swell
the bank account of Mr. W. R. Smith.
Among other things brought out in the in
vestigation wore the facts that Smith (who
was given discretionary powers in the
management of the concern), having found
it necessary to employ a couple of horses
and carts in the work of the garden, had
contracted with himself for two teams,
which he employed for several years, making
monthly settlements with himself at the
rate of $1.25 per day for each horse and
wagon, exclusive of the services of the driv
er; also that (in the exercise of his discre
tionary power) he had felt that, the interest
of his establishment compelled his making
several trips to Europe, at the Government,
expense, and that he had made those visits
and duly charged the expenses to the Gov
ernment,, and paid them out of the funds
appropriated for the support of the garden.
This exposure of the Botanical Garden is
merely the unmasking of a small humbug,
while greater frauds go unpunished. We
understand that Smith hasa certain hold on
Congressmen who have been furnished
with bouquets of the most expensive kind
by him, and the probability is he will never
be pushed to the wall. This is only too
common a case at Washington. If Ben. Le
Fevre would push his investigation a little
further he might find that some of the
loudest and most persistent defenders of
several Republican departments aro Dem
ocrats who havo had patronage liberally be
stowed from headquarters, and who have
saddled relations and friends upon the
Government in consequence. To punish
Smith and his nosegay institution, and let
the mammoth manipulators go unscathed,is
just as great a farce as that perpetrated by
the pantomimic policeman who arrests the
baby boy and leaves the burly rowdy alone
in his glory.
\ POLITICAL FORECAST.
Senator Morgan, of Alabama, barring a
too great tendency to make long speeches
on all subjects, is one of the ablest Sena
tors from the South. He has recently bad
a talk with the ('mirier-.!om nat's correspond
ent at Wasliin ton, which we find quite in
teresting and pointed. He does not fear
any “reconstruction” revival, because Pres
ident Garfield will follow the course of
trade, and he dare not cense a business
disturbance by organizing a political bell.
Solid as the North seemod to be against the
South in the last election, it was, after all,
tha solid negro vote, in New York, Indiana
and Ohio, more particularly, that reversed
the popular opinion among the whites.
Excluding the negro vote at the North,
Hancock’s election would have been over
whelming, in spite of Democratic blunder
ing. Senator Morgan shows that no men
are more thoroughly conversant with the
true condition of the South than the busi
ness men of the North, through their com
mercial agents, and that they will stand no
foolishness calculated to destroy or im
pair their profits. In this they do not
so much stand by the South as they
stand by themselves and their inter
ests. As to the negro exodus, the
Alabama Senator says: “The white people
of the South make 3,000,(XX1 bales of
ootton with their own labor, and if the ne
groes prefer to go elsewhere, in God’s name
let them go. The demand for menial labor,
for body service, is now so great at the
North, and the dread of Chinese labor is so
generally felt, that I fully expect to see tlie
five millions of negroes in the South, who
prefer such lalkm, distribute themselves
over the entire United States, in all places
where they can find little competition in
their line of business.” He added: "If
there was not a negro in Alabama to-day
Our population would lie greater in five
years than it is now. People would flock to
it from every quarter. As it is, the hill
counties are getting the increase of popula
tion, while the most fertile lands are con
stantly losing. In Alabama the white coun
ties have increased thirty-five per cent.,
while the negro counties have not increased
ten per cent, in the last ten years."
That President-elect Garfield should
mistake the true meaning of his election,
Senator Morgan thinks impossible. He
agrees with Col. McClure that the colored
people, good enough for voters, in an
emergency, are really worse treated in Re
publican States of the North than in the
most Democratic of Southern States.
Like all of the Southern representative
men, Senator Morgan has a lively faith in
the future glory, wealth and power of this
section. We have the soil, the climate, the
food productions, the great staples, the
forests, the mines, the water-powers and
all the factors of prosperity-all the poten
tial machinery that will enable the South
“to triumph oveT her worst calamities,
without the necessity of begging her way
to success. ”
We think Senator Morgan takes a praeti-
I cal and wise view. The only fear is Presi
| dent Garfield’s want of “backbone" when
| confronted with party discipline and
. menace. A good deal depends upon who
i holds the whip hand in the House and
| Senate, and the wisdom or want of it in
the' Democracy in either wing of the Fed
eral Capitol. The probability is that busi
ness will insjsisi upon a conservative course;
but politifts&a do pot always obey the capi
talists and shopkeepers. Still, it may bp
said, with absolute certainty, that the men
who ence overthrew the Republican majority
in the House will displace it in the whole
country, if political deviltry shall injure
mercantile prosperity.
The Louisville public tTniik the Louisville and
Nashville win not be far behind the Short
lane in adopting a three emit fore.
AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY MOKNING, JANUARY 12, 1881.
CITY TAX ORDINANCE,
la the Whole Hauer Entirely CnraaGllu
lion ml—The Haros Ordinance Decision,
Editors Chronicle and Constitutionalist:
T would like to call the attention of those
of your readers interested in the matter to
tbe fact that an important portion of the
j city tax ordinance for 1881 is nnconstitu
. tional and void. The city of Macon passed
a similar ordinance for 1879, in regard to
which the Supreme Court uses the following
language, in 02 Ga„ 645.
Head Note —“ Where a fax. on the business
of merchandise is measured by the amount
of goods sold by the merchant —that is by
I the gross value of his sales—the principle of
j uniformity applicable to all subjects of tax
ation by the Constitution of 1877 demands
that the tax should ba ad valorem*, and,
1 therefore, the ordinal: *e of the city of Ma
! con, which requires each dealer in general
merchandise, whose sales shall exceed S2OO, -
000. to pay a business tax of S3OO, and each
dealer whose sales are between SIOO,OOO
and $200,000 to pay S2OO, and each dealer
whose sales range from $75,000 to SIOO,-
000 to pay $l5O, etc., etc., is not a uniform
tax, in the true intent and meaning ot the
Constitution of 1877; because a dealer wlio
sold $199,000 worth of goods would
pay but S2OO tax, while bis neighbor, sell
ing but SI,OOO more, would|pay S3OO tax.
Each should pay in proportion to the goods
sold, if dealers be classified—not as whole
sale and retail dealers, or by some other
classification as distinct as that, baaing
reference alone to the character of business,
but as dealers whose quantum ot sales is
the guide to classification. Wherever values,
directly or indirectly, are taxed, the spirit
of the constitution of 1877 recognize the
levy to be ad valorem, and this too is the
spirit of exact justice.”
And in the opinion Judge Jackson says :
“We are of opinion that the merchants
should either bo classified by some clear
distinction in business, other than the
amount or value of the business, such as
wholesale or retail, dry goods or groceries,
or if the tax be scaled according to the
amount of business or value of sales, then
such tax should be ad valorem. Such is the
scheme and spirit of the Constitution of
1877, and wherever any taxing power, act
ing nnder that instrument, essays to levy a
tax in reference to values, it should levy
ad valorem. The truth is, this is the only
just mode. Otherwise, as indicated in the
second head-note to this opinion, a dealer
in general merchandise might pay under
the tax levied SIOO on SI,OOO of goods sold,
whilst others paid bnt $lO on the same
sum. We think, therefore, that the clause
which levies a tax of S3OO on dealers who
sell over $200,000, and S2OO on dealers
between SIOO,OOO and $200,000, etc., etc.,
etc., is against the spirit of the Constitution
of 1877, and might result in groat ine
quality and injustice. See Constitution of
1877, article VII, section 11. It is true that
the clause cited in words applies to property,
bnt in sense and spirit we think it covers a
business tax scaled by the amount or value
of the business transacted.” M. C.
THE REASONS WHY.
A Few Pacts About Crawfordvilie and
Taliferro Connty-llow the Town May
Be Improved—More Territory Suggested
For tbe County.
[CorrespondenceChronicle mul Constitutionalist ]
On the Wing, January 1, 1881.
I notice a communication in a recent is
sue of your paper from “Phacks,” headed,
“A Prosperous Town,” in the course of
which “Phacks” says: “Every town with
in a hundred miles of Augusta, except one
—Crawfordville perhaps—is apparently ,on
the road to prosperity heretofore unknown.
At Crawfordvillo is Liberty Ilall, the homo
of Hon. Alexander 11. Stephens, and ns ho
simply oscillates with eyes closed between
that village and Washington City, seeing
only a decayed township at one end of the
string.” Now, there are two principal rea
sons why Crawford ville has not kept apace
in improvements with the other towns
“within a hundred miles of Augusta.”
First, it is the home of Alexander H.
Stephens. Second, the county is smaller
than most of the other counties “within a
hundred miles of Augusta.”
The first reason given may appear to the
casual reader to admit of some doubt, but
upon closer inspection he will see its va
lidity. A man of Mr. Stephens’ intellect,
force of character and Nationul reputation,
must have great weight in shaping itssdes
tiny, both collectively and individually.
The people of Taliaferro county are proud,
and justly so, too, of the great Commoner—
any idea he generates, or course of conduct,
or policy he pursues, they take for granted
is right and act accordingly. Any word or
phrase that he may be fond of becomes a
household word with tbe inhabitant#, as
the word eternal, during the life-time of
Andrew Jackson, became of very general
importance.
Now, Mr. Stephens has never sought
wealth as a means.to an end ; so the people
of his county, in imitation, iook upon
worldly goods, save what is necessary for
their comfort, as adding additional ami un;
necessary cares, and if humorously remind
ed of the fact, as they sometimes are, will
say riches don’t make the man, for Mr.
Stephens himself is not rich. A good look
ing man, even, in this county, never re
ceives any extra attention for being so ; in
deed, he is rather considered as having
been unluckily born, for brains and good
looks do not always go together, for Mr.
Stephens himself isn’t good looking.
Then, again, the mind of man is so con
stituted that it will pause in its upward
flight where it can find a retreat or breast
work behind which it can rest in safety.
When an inhabitant of this county is visit
ing a neighboring town and is jocosely told
of the ungainly appearance of Crawford
ville, he will immediately reply to his as
sailant, with a twinkle in his eye and a self
satisfied air, that Mr. Stephens lives there,
and he has learned by long and constant
use of the retort that it has the desired
effect, and so it does. His assailant changes
the subject, and tbe Taliaferrian comes off
victorious, satisfied with his county and
town, and content to lot It remain as it is.
These people also imitate Mr. Stephens
in other things which are as essential, per
haps, to the make-up of a true man as the
acquisition of wealth. They are chivalrous
and honest almost without an exception.
They, like him, never desert a friend or
foe. His rough and tumbles in his earlier
days with Judge Cone and others showed
them whnt kind of metal he was made of,
and it was only necessary for it to be known
to become engrafted. They, like him,
guard their honor as their life, and would
prefer to see their life’s blood reddening
the earth than to “eat their words.” While
the people are not wealthy, they are intelli
gent. This county has given to the differ
ent professions more men according to tho
size of it than any other county in the State.
They have in thiß, as in everything else,
striven to follow the example of their great
prototype.
While I, as they, have more confidence
in Mr. Stephens than in any public man in
America, may we not notice his short-com
ings as we would those of other men; I
think so, and while Ido so it is with the
same feelings and deference that a child
would the errors of a parent. Mr. Stephens
was born and reared within the limits of
what is now Taliaferro county. In his early
manhood she sent him to the Legislature,
and ever since then has continued to honor
him in every way it was possible. What be
sides being a resident of the county and
educating one or two of her young men—
which he has done for other counties in the
State —has he ever done for this county?
When she first sent him to the Legisla-
ture he strongly advocated, and indeed
was the main instrument in having the
bill passed to build the State Road. Since
then, in the Legislature and in Congress, he
has been instrumental in getting appropria
tions for different portions of the State; for
his own county, where the people idolize
him, he passes unnoticed. Still she as a
devoted parent to a wayward child, for the
county is parent to the man—clings to him
in prosperity and adversity. Conld be not
have had one branch of the Agricultural
College, which was divided between Mil
ledgeviile, Dohlonega. and other towns of
the State, established at Crnwfordville ?
This would have made her as prosperous
perhaps as most other towns “within a hun
dred miles of Augusta.” But I like Alex.
Stephens. I hardly know why; still I do,
and in all probability will continue so to
do, though he persists in passing unnoticed
his native town.
My second reason is: That the eonntv is
a small one. A town is prosperous accord
ing to the amount of trade brought within
its corporation. The amount of trade
brought to a county site is greatly depen
dent on the quantity of land within the
boundary of the county. The people who
have to visit the county site two weeks in
each year, to attend the April and October
terms of the Superior Court as jurors, wit
nesses or spectators, naturally contract
business relations with the merchants, tail
ors, mechanics and other men of the town;
the tendency of this is io bring trade here,
cotton and "other produce to the place,
which engenders a corresponding improve
ment. Now, if “Phacks" wishes to see
Crawfordville improve like other towns
“within a hundred miles of Augusta,” let
him see Hon. B. F. Moore, the present rep
resentative from Taliaferro county, and in
sist upon his introducing a bill ip the Leg
islature giving this county more territory.
This conld easily be done by changing the
southern boundary line, which is now Pow
ers creek, ljbf mile north of Powalton,
to Beaver Dam Creek, one mile and a
quarter south of Powelton. This would
bring Powelton within the limits of Talia
ferro county. Powelton is nearer
vjlle thap Sparta, and I suppose its inbab
; Rants would nof seriously object to the
| change. The same might be done ip the
; eastern portion of the county. By a change
,qf only a sport distance in the boundary
line, Barnett and vicinity could be made a
I portion of this county.
( Give the county more territory and ttie
town will improve;ptherwisethe painfulto
telligence must go abroad that she is not
keeping abreast with the other towns
“within a hundred miles of Augusta.’’
Respectfully, Qctvis.
OVER IN AIKEN.
Plenty of Visitors and Pall Arconnnoda.
lion—Business, Politics anil Crop Pen
cil Inga.
[ Correspondence ChronicleandConstilutionalist.']
Aiken, January 2.—Aiken has a larger
number of visitors than ever before known,
at this season of the year, Tho weather
during the past week has been such as to
dispel the illusion of those who come ex
pecting to find a semi-tropical climate. We
have had a succession of snow and sleet
storms, accompanied by thejmost bitter cold
weather known here for a great many years.
As I write the gronnd is covered with a
thick coating of snow, sleet and ice, making
it dangerous for cither pedestrian or eques
trian locomotion. The hotel and boarding
.house accommodations arc amide and first
class. In the line of boarding houses I
doubt if such elegant and comfortable ac
commodation can be obtained in any other
town or city south of the Potomac, Extra
arrangements have been made this year by
the livery stablemen for furnishing hand
some equipages and good horses to visitors,
and when this dreadful Hpeil of weather is
over, those who came in search of health
will greatly enjoy the beautiful drives and
scenery in the vicinity of our thriving town.
In the Course of .this year we are-to have a
handsome Court House erected. It will be
a substantial building, and will be built on
Park avenue. Our County Commissioners
are capable and upright citizens, and every
one feels assured that' the building will be
a credit to our town, and that every dollar
will be spent No the- best advantage.
Our County Treasurer, Mr. Joseph E.
Murray, and our County Auditor, Major
Morgan, have both been reappointed, to
their respective offices. Both are worthy
citizens and attentive officials. Both arc
veteran heroes of the Lost Cause, carrying
honorable wounds on their persons. No
changes of importance have been made
among tha Trial Justices. The plan of
allowing salaries instead of fees to these of-
ficials has been looked into, and ns it is found
that the present system of fees is the least
expensive, the salary idea has been discard
ed. A considerable quantity of cotton yet
remains in the field. This is owing to several
causes, viz: The very heavy top crop, owing
to the exceptionally mild Fall; secondly,
the bad weather we have had for the past
two months; and, thirdly, considerable
scarcity of hands. An immense area has
been planted in oats, and a great deal more
will still be planted. Wheat is passing out
of favor in this section, as it is such an un
certain crop. Much less will be planted
this year than last. The cotton crop of this
county has been more than an average one
and a considerable quantity of it yet re
mains to be marketed. The Aiken merchants
seem to be doing a good business in spite of
the bad weather that has prevailed for such
a length of time. A nice dry spell of bright,
pleasant weather would, however, largely in
crease their receipts, as well as the comfort
and convenience of the rest of the communi
ty-
• urnuui ciosc mis 1 cuvi wituoui paying a
compliment to our efficient postmistress. At
this season of the year the business done al
this post office is equal to that usually done
in a place several times the size of Aiken,
This is caused by the large influx of visitor!
during tho Winter and Spring months.
Yet, under no circumstances, is there evei
any confusion. On the contrary, the utmost
regularity, nicety and exactness prevail, ac
companied by unvarying politeness. The
office is presided over by Airs. Alfred
Holmes, assisted by her sister. Miss Fanny
Coudey, and is a credit to our town as well
as to the Department at Washington.
Cerd.
(SEN. SHERMAN
IVllal He Said To Grady About tbe Burn
ing of At! unf a.
[Atlanta Constitution .]
I called the General’s attention to a short
letter that he had written to Captain Burke,
of the Gate City Guard, in which he said
that he had never ordered the burning of
the city of Atlanta.
“Of course that is true,” he responded,
quickly. “The city of Atlanta was never
burned as a city, I notice that the head
quarters I occupied, all the houses about it,
and the headquarters of the other officers
were all standing when I revisited tho place
a year or two since. The residence streets
were not burned at all.”
“it was your intention, then, to burn only
the heart of the city ?”
“My intention was clearly expressed in a
written order to General Pope. It was simply
to burn the buildings in which public stores
had been placed or would likely bo placed.
This included only four buildings, as I
recollect; not over five or six. One of these
was a warehouse above the depot, in which,
or under which were a, number of shells.
From this building a ]>lock of business
bouses took fire amt the destruction went
beyond the limits intended. The old Trout
House was burned by somejof tho men who
had some reason for -burning it. I ordered
the round house burned. I wanted to de
stroy the railroad so that it could not be
used. I then wanted to destroy the public
buildings, so that Atlanta could not be used
as a depot of supplies. I ordered, as I say,
four or five houses set on fire, but as far as
burning the city in the sense of wanton de
struction, I never thought of such a thing.
I shirked no responsibility that war im
posed, but I never went beyond my duty.”
THE LONDON STOCK MARKET.
Cheap Money anil a Boom In Prices
The Speculative Outbreak.
London, Jannary I. —The Economist says:
“The rate of discount for bank bills, sixty
days to three months, is '2% per cent., and
for trade bills, sixty days to three months,
2%t0 3 per cent. The Stock Exchange
was mostly occupied with tbe settlement
which began on Tuesday morning and con
cluded Thursday night. A large volume of
business has, however, been done for new
accounts, fostered greatly by the belief that
they will now be cheap. Prices have al
most universally advanced largely. Gas
companies, Reading Railroad shares and
Atlantic Oablo shares are tho only note
worthy exceptions, while the general tone
of the Continental bourses, American mar
kets and English provincial exchanges is
one of unusual buoyancy. It is argued
that we are about to enter upon what bids
fair to boa very active year, in which we
may, at any rate, hope to participate in the
extraordinary inflation of prices, now wit
nessed in America. Some say the move
ment is too rapid to be stable, and cautions
holders of securities that they are likely- to
embarrass their resources by over commit
ments, us we certainly believe to be the case
at the present time in America. There is
only ono trustworthy check to such an out
break Of speculation as the markets now
appear ripe for, and that is a material rise
in the value of money.” ’
NATIONAL MONEY' MATTERS.
Some Fads anil Figures From the Treas
ury Dcpartinent-rCliauge of Value in
Foreign Coins.
(By Telegraph to the Chronicle.)
Washington, January 3.—A comparative
statement, prepared at the Treasury De
partment, of the receipts from customs, in
ternal revenuo and miscellaneous sonrees,
during the years 1879 and 1880, presents
the following figures : 1879 customs,
$153,448,844 ; internal revenue, $116,-
G 17.596; miscellaneous sources, $23,487,-
490; total, $293,553,930. 1880—customs,
$200,139,133 ; interval revenue, $131,-
240,365 ; miscellaneous sources, $28,-
217,141 ; total receipts, $359,496,739.
Washington, January 3. —The Secretary
of the Treasury has issued a circular pro
claiming the estimation made by the Di
recter of the Mint of the values of the
standard coin in circulation in the varions
nations of the world. The circular changes
the values of the following coins from those
proclaimed by circular of January, 1880 :
Bolivinciano, of Bolivia, from 83 6-10 cents
to 82 3-10; milreis, of Brazil, increased
54 5-10 cents to 54 6-10; peso, of Ecudor,
reduced from 83 6-10 cents to 82 3-10;
Mexican dollar, from 90 9-10 cents to
89 4-10; the sol, of Peru, from 83 6-10
cents to 82 3-10; the peso, of Colombia,
from 83 6-10 cents to 82 3-10; the peso, of
j Cuba, is given at 93 2-10 cents, anu the
i Bolivar, of Venezuela, at 19 3-10 cents.
SUFFERING POOR.
Death From Cold and Starvation in New
Jersey—A Mother and Son Frozen to
Deatli in Missouri.
Somona, N. J., January 2.—Mrs. Michael
Tweed and her two children, living in a hut
near. Red Valley, were found by neighbors
on Thursday night suffering irorn intense
cold. They had been without food for sev
eral days. Assistance came too late to save
the woman’s life, and she died on Friday
night. The children were in a pitable con
dition, but will probably recover.
St. Louis, January 1. — A special to the
Republican from Booneville, Mo., says two
old negroes, Lula and Henry Slaughter,
mother and son, were found frozen to
death six miles from that place. Henry was
lying in the road about one hundred yards
from his house, and his mother sitting at
the tireless hearth at home. There was
plenty- 6f wood in the yard and a good
stock of provisions and clothing in the
house. The couple were old and sick,
Henry being GO and his mother was said to
be over, one hundred years old, and both
were nearly helpless.
The New York policemen won’t stand
any nonsense. When they are not club
bing people to death, they are talking to
pretty girls, and when they are talking to
pretty girls-th_#y don't wapt any frivolous
young men to stand around making faces
at them. A yery forward young man was
arrested by a police officer the other day
for some foolishness of this sort, but the
! Judge before whom he was taken didn’t
sufficiently appreciate the dignity of the
force and allowed him to go. Policemen
cannot expect to have any more rights than
other people, S
ABOUT ELEPHANTS.
x .T'.‘- K Wrr H A CIRCUS VETERAN
X* HO KNOWS ALL ABOUT THEM.
"i er r •‘‘y Kb'pliant Comes From, How’
He Is Taught, and How He Is Kept—
Peculiarities of the Beast, Anecdotes of
Sto*rie“ S * y ’ ° ,h ' r Interesting
A reporter of Enquirer in
terviewed Archie Campbell, of Robinson’s
circus the other day, and asked him about
elephants. Said Mr. Campbell:
“What would you like to know ?”
“How long do they live ?”
1 ‘A\ ell, they aro said to bo known to have
lived 400 years. There was a white ele
phant in Siam which the.people worshipped
once upon a time, whose age was known to
bo that much. Now there is .“Mary,” of our
show; she is 80 yeats old, and is as frisky
and kittenish as ever.”
“What do elephants eat ?”
“Every thing—every thing that a man or
a boy will eat. There is a common belief
that they detest tobacco. Now that’s a mis
take. An elephant will cat tobacco as he
would eat grass. Old Mary is a confirmed
tobacco eater, and never refuses a chew of
navy or dog-leg.”
“Isn’t it pretty expensive to keep an ele
phant ?”
“Of that you must judge for yourself. An
ordinary elephant eats three bushels of oats
or five bushels of corn a day and about 400
pounds of hay besides.”
“Not a profitable pet, Mr. Campbell ?”
“Well, no, and particularly to let loose.
“Why not to let loose ?”
“Because an elephant left to himself and
his own free will can destroy more in a day
than an army of any other animal. His
Blimp uf Destructiveness
Ts unusually largely developed. Just pen
an elephant into a stable some night with
out chaining him and if he doesn’t tear
down the entire building before morning
I’ll eat the elepuant alive.”
“How do they sleep ?”
“Just like any domestic animal. They lie
down and sleep soundly. If not disturbed,
our elephants will lie down about nine
o’clock and sleep soundly until daylight. ”
“Are they not great cowards for their
size ?”
“In somo instances, yes. They are very
timed about crossing a bridge, for j'ear they
may break through. You’ll see the ele
phant always feel his way over a bridge,
and if thero be stringers to the structure
he’ll be sure to pick out the strongest and
walk over it.”
“They are very thin-skinned, I have been
told, Mr. Campbell?”
“That is a mistake. An elephant’s skin
is fully au inch thick, but they are, never
theless, more sensitive than a horse. In the
Summer time, when flies are troublesome,
they use their trunks to throw dirt and sod
on their back till the skin is covered. In
this way they protect that part of their body
from flics they cannot reach in any other
way. Why, one-gad fly about an elephant
will drive him almost crazy.”
“They are generally very mischievous,
are they not?”
Very MigcUievoua.
“Well, I should observe. One night,
while our show was going through Illinois,
in tlie latter part of the season, the weather
turned cold, and we hired the (privilege
from a farmer of beeping our elephants in
his barn over night. The animals had
hardly been quartered there till ho and his
son went in among them to get out a wagon.
‘Chief’ picked up the man in his trunk and
threw him clean threw a half-inch board
partition. Then ho lifted the boy in his
trunk and playfully threw him up into the
hayloft. You may swear they didn’t go
near those elephants again. Did you know
that an elephant always respects a drunken
man ?”
“Is that so ?”
“Yes, sir; in 1856 we had an old ele
phant which we called ‘Old Bolivar.’ Well,
sir, that rascal hated old John Robinson like
poison, and no one knew why. He just ac
quired a hate for his ‘ owner on general
principles. If Old John came into the ani
mal’s sight the brute’s eyes would never
leave him till he went away. Even in the
ring Bolivar would follow tho boss with his
eyes. The old man was deathly afraid of
the old fellow, and no wonder. Well, one
day we were showing in Atlanta, and a
drunken man persisted in feeding Bolivar
an apple and' taking liberties with the old
fellow’s trunk. Robinson was on needles’
points all the time for fear the man would
get killed. The fellow was doing what
Uncle John wouldn’t attempt for the State
of Georgia. At last, in a spirit of vexation,
he told the drunken man to fill his
Silk Hat With Apples
And offer to Bolivar, assuring him that the
gallant elephant would empty the hat and
return it in good shape. The boozy visitor
believed it all. He bought a hat full of ap
ples and tendered it to his big friend with
the trunk. Bolivar wound his proboscis
around the hat, and swash went hat, ap
ples, and all down his capacious jaws, dis-
a gulp. The owner of the hat
stood aghast, half sobered at the sight.
Then recovering his senses and realizing
his loss, he began to squeal. Robinson was
glad to get rid of him and sent him away to
buy a now hat at the show’s expense.
“What became of Bolivar ?”
“We sold him to another show, and he
died some years after in Maryland, near
Hagerstown. It was supposed that he was
poisoned."
“How many elephants have you now ?”
“Three -Mary, or the Empress, Chief
and Princess.”
“Can yon relate their histories V”
“Well, Empress is probably tlie most
noted of the three. We know her to be 86
years old. We bought her from John
Nathans, who imported her from Asia,
where she had been used as a pack animal.
We bought her in 1866 for $ 12,0(X). Got
her cheap on account of a defect in one of
her feet, which made her bad property for
shows at those times, when they traveled
mostly without railroads or boats. The de
fect still exists, but does not hurt her for
performing or street parades.
Empress Is a Powerful Animal,
And has always ruled every animal tho show
has ever had. She will beat Chief till tho
fellow will cry like a child. Indeed, Mary
is tho only power Chief fears, and she has
saved more than one life from Chief’s
viciousness.”
“Tell us ot some instances.”
“Well, last Winter, in New Orleans, Chief
was just about killing a boy, when Mary
rushed up and knocked him clean through
the canvass. She has interfered inoro than
once to save' her keeper, John King. That
poor fellow know her power over Chief, and
iris last words were: ‘Fetch Mary, quick.’
That was in Charlotte, N. C., last Summer.
We had just come into town, and were un
loading the elephants from their cars. As
Chief was slipping down by means of the
pedestals, King carelessly passed in front
of the brute. The latter hit him with his
trunk and knocked him up against a box
car. He had only time to shout ‘Fetch
Mary, quick!’ when Chief butted, him
against the car, crushing King’s skull likoa
peanut shell. When the keeper fell to tho
ground the brute, not satisfied,
Ran a Tusk Through Ills Crashed Head.
By this time Mary came up, and Chief start
ed down the railroad track on a run, Mary
following and lashing the murderer with
her trunk at every step. But Chief got
away, and, turning off into one of the main
streets, he went charging through Charlotte,
spreading terror on every square. John
Shumate, the boss hostler, and as plucky a
man as God ever made, had followed in hot
chase, and, just as the big animal was charg
ing on a lady and gentleman whom he had
cornered, Shumate caught him in the cor
ner of the mouth with a'tent hook, and held
him till Mary and Princess came up, when
he was seeured and taken back.”
“Did you punish him?”
“Not that time. We had no opportunity.
The last year he killed a very valuable
pony. Then we went for him. We took
him onto a small island in the Ohio river,
just below Blennerhassett, threw him
down, tied him with ropes, and beat him
till we were all tired out; but he never
blubbered. Then we strung him up by
the two hind legs between two trees, by
means of block and tackle, and burned
him.”
"Burned him?”
“Yes, sir; built a fire which began to
scorch his neck; and when it got hot you
onght to have heard him bellow.”
“Weakened, did he-?”
“Well, I should say so. Whined aßd
Cried Like a Whipped School Boy.
Well, we let him down, and a better ele
phant was never seen for a month after
ward. Then he got the devil in him again”
“Has he always been a bad elephant ?”
J “No, no. When we bought him he was
of a reasonably good disposition. He be
gan to grow mean three years ago, and
showed it by throwing sticks and stones.
He hates a nigger above all things earthly,
and 1 think bis one aim in life is to kill one
of the colored race.”
“Is he a valuable elephant ?”
“Not so valuable as Mary 7, because he is
not the performer she is. About all he
does is to teeter and aid in the pyramid.”
! “How old is be ?”
“Thirteen years ?”
“Are he and Empress of the same spe
cies ,
■“Yes, both are Asiatic. Chief came from
Ceylon.” -
“ What is the difference between the
Asiatic and African elephants T'
“The Asiatic is grayish-whitish iu color,
while the African is nearlytilack. The lat
ter has ears .three times as large, and is
more bony—not so plump as the Asiatic
triads
i-- The Asiatic Elephant
Is much more tractable and affectionate.
Now, there’s Mary - -ahe simply hives Prin
cess, tho yonng elephant, find dnesn't'like
to let her go ont of her sight. ” „
“Do you think they understand what ydu
say to them?” 7
t “Yes, sometimes. Let me illustrate :
Yesterday Princess was turned loose at the
stables temporarily. 8h went straight
over to Alary s side. When the keeper got
ready for her return he triodAo coax her
back She would not budge, and he
couldn’t whip her from her tracks. Finally
he turned to a colored boy and said :
‘ Bring me that tent hook.’ He had hardly
spoken the word hook until Princess walk
ed straight to her post and submitted to be
chained. SheeouldMot bear the hook.”
“Do they ever breed in this country ?”
“Showmen say not, and you’ll not find a
dozen who will believe other than that the
baby elephant of Philadelphia, last Winter,
was a hoax.”
“Why do they not breed hero ns in their
native country?”
“Because our theory is that tbe people
who trap them to ship them to the civilized
countries first, spay them. If they allowed
them to breed in captivity, their trade
would bo ruined.”
THE WAVE.
Even Yeiinont Complaining Chesa
peake Bay—More Snow.
(By Telegraph to tho Chronicle.)
White River Junction, Vt., January 2.
1 he coldest weather for many years has pre
vailed here since Thursday. “ At daylight
Thursday the mercury stood 20 degrees be
low zero, and on Friday at daylight 20 be
low, and this morning, at 7 o’clock, 20 de
grees belotv.
At Liudonville, on tho Passuampsic ltail
road, on Friday morning, tho mercury was
32 degrees below. The water, springs,
wells and streams are exhausted, and the
farmers and others are compelled to haul
water a long distance for their cattle and
other purposos. Tho indications to-night
are that the excessive cpld weather will con
tinue.
Baltimore, January 1. The steamer D.
I[. Miller, from Boston, arrived to-day, re
ports ice all the way up, the bay from Coal
Point, and very heavy ice from Poplar Is
land.. The ice boats Maryland and F. C.
Latrobe. both went down'to-day, keeping
open tho track for vessels, aod to render
assistance to any in need. Tho schooner
Eva J. Smith, hence for Savannah, on the
29th ult,, became jammed in thp ice, and
was towed into Annapolis for a safe harbor.
Petersburg, Va., January 2.— The city
was visited last night by another heavy
snow storm, which lasted until this morn
ing, whon it cleared off cold. The river is
frozen for a considerable distance, and navi
gation is completely broken up. The river
and ponds adjacent to the city are crowded
to-day with skaters. Thei trains from the
North and South are several hours late.
New Y'ork, January 3.—At 7., a. m., to
day, Washington time, tho mercury stood
as follows : at Morehead, Minn., 25 de
grees below zer—a fall of 14; Duluth, 8
below—a fall of 17; St. Paul, 7 below—a
fall of 20; LaCrosse, Wis., 3 below—a fall
of 22; Vincent, D. TANARUS., 21 below —a fall of
9; Omaha, 2 below—a fall of 18; Fort
Garry, 24 below.
Petersburg, Va., January 3.—Yesterday
John A. Stringer, a citizen of Chesterfield
county, was found frozen to death on the
Hickory road near Wood’s Church, in that
.county. Stringer drove here with his team
on Saturday. While on his return home he
became so chilled with cold that he froze to
death before he could reach home, only a
short distance from where he was found.
HIS YOUNG FRIENDS.
Mr. Stephens Dines Certain Young Men
■ from Georgia.
[Washington Cor. Atlanta Constitution .]
Tho entertainment, from which I have
just returned, was a dinner given by 7 Hon.
A. H. Stephens, at his rooms, to liis young
gentlemen friends from Georgia. The din
ner was gotten up in the best mode of the
National Hotel, afid served in courses, of
which there were a great number. The
menu was excellent, and everyting was in
perfect taste and elegant style, Sir. Ste
phens gives all guests to understand that
his rooms are a branch of “Liberty Hall,"
and they are expected to make themselves
perfectly at home. They were ten at table,
including the host, and a most unusual and
striking picture they formed.
At the head of the table, seated in bis
rolling chair, was Mr. Stephens. His thin,
pale cheeks, attenuated form and snow
white hair, were iu striking contrast with
the robust health of the young men by
whom he was surrounded. Yet, with a
mind clear, strong and sparkling
as the champagne which freely flow
ed, he was tho life of the
party 7, and “kept he table in a roar” with
his witty sillies, fine anecdotes and happy
humor. The dinner consumed more than
two hours, and not once did tho mirth and
merriment for a moment flag. When the
last course had been served and cigars were
offered, Mr. Edward B. Hook, of Augusta,
proposed that before adjourning to the
smoking room the company should rise to
their feet and drink “a happy now year and
many returns to their kind and honored
friend, and Georgia’s greatest, statesman,
Hon. Alexander H. Stephens.” To which
Mr. Stephens gracefully replied, wishing
“to each and alia longlife of prosperity,
in which they should reflect credit upo"n
themselves and their friends and glory upon
their State.”
The occasion was one of happiness with
out a single faux pas to mar its enjoyment,
and will ever live in the minds of the com
pany as a bright spot in their lives to which
they can revert with pride. And looking
far into the future, I see gray-haired men
telling over the story to their little ones,
and with tear-dimmeil eyes adding their
sprig of green to
“The wreath without a fading flower
That gathers’round a glorious name.”
“Bukoess.”
Georgia’.* Place.
fiYeio York World.]
The statistics of the census are full of in
struction and should make heady politicians
pause. The last decade has not only made a,
great difference iu the relativo rank of'
the States as to population, it has also
opened anew vista into the future of the
chief sections of the Union respectively.—
Sixteen States have gone lower in the ranks
and six States go up higher. Fourteen States
only hold in 1880 the same rank which they
held in 1870. These are (1) New York, (2)
Pennsylvania, (3) Ohio, (4) Illiinois, (5)
Missouri, (6) Indiana, (7) Massachusetts,
(8) Kentucky, (12) Georgia, (14) North
Carolina, (21) Louisiana, (24) California,
(31) New Hampshire, (36) Oregon, lowa,
the eloventh in 1870, has now become the
ninth, and exactly changes places with
Tennessee. Virginia, that was tenth,
lias become thirteenth, and gives place
to Texas, which goes up nine places ,at a
bound and puts herself next to lowa. —
Michigan,- that was thirteenth, sinks to
the fifteenth place, while Wisconsin falls
one and becomes sixteenth in order.—
Alabama, sixteenth in has become
seventeenth; New Jersey in turn ceases to
be seventeenth and becomes eighteenth,,
while Mississippi, which was eighteenth
falls five in rank and becomes twenty
third. Maryland falls from twentieth to
twenty-second, while South * Carolina,
which was twenty-first, rises in the scale
two steps and stands nineteenth; just lead
ing Kansas. Mainq loses six plic.es, and
falls from the twenty-third to tho twenty
ninth, and Connecticut three places, falling
from tho twenty-fifth to the twenty-eighth.
Arkansas ascends one step, from twenty
sixth to twenty-fifth. West Virginia falls
two steps, from twenty-seventh to twenty
ninth. Minnesota rises two, from twenty
eighth to twenty-Bixth. Kansas steps up
nine, from twenty-ninth to twentieth. Ver
mont falls from thirtieth to thirty-second,
Rhode Island from thirty-second to thirty
third, Florida from thirty-third to tbirty
fourtii, Colorado comes in as thirty-fifth,.
and little Delaware—thirty-fourth in 1870
—is now thirty-seventh. Nebraska ascends
from thirty-fifth to thirtieth, while, oddly
enough, Nevada, with a considerable in
crease of population still remains at the
foot of the roll.
Tbe Railroad Commission.
f Maj. Campbell Wallace Interviewed.]
The greatest complaint comes from the
omission on the part of the Commission to
fix a rate for fares to be collected by con
ductors higher than the rate for tickets.
“Why do the railroad officials comnlain
of this?”
Major Wallace—“ They say they have no
check on conductors. Too' much money
goes into their hands, and so on.”
“Do you propose to make any change to
remedy that matter?”
Major Wallace —“I can not say what the
Commission may do. For my self. and. with
my views of the real and great evils grow
ing out of passengers boarding trains with
out tickets, I am opposed to the Commis
sion making any rule on tbe subject. When
we reduced fare fo four cents per mile we
allowed one-half cent per mile more to be
collected by conductors from passengers
getting on withont tickets. The experi
ment must be considered a failure, as the
result bhs been abuse from both officials
and passengers. The present rate fixed by
circular No. 11 is maximum for tickets to
be purchased from agents. The penalty for
getting on trains, whether in extra fare or
some other way, I consider a police regula
tion, and I presume will be left ter be regu
lated by the railroad officials withont inter
ference on the part of the Commission.” *
Railroad Coinnilnalrih For Alabama.
[.Wanigomery Special to Columbus Sun.]
bill to create' a Railroad Commission
in this State, which will be considered early
ixi the session, is receiving considerable at
tention at this time. It seems to meet with
•much opposition, but those best postfid
have no doubt tliat it will beeomeja W#*
and that it wijl prove benefleia^fcbotto
1 State an<j railifiad. The a
similar law In* operated in G£g9|bfre
quently eited friends oijM
S2 A YEAK—POSTAGE PAID.
TERRIBLE TALE OF THE FIRE
A HUMAN HOLOCAUST IN NEW YORK
YESTERDAY.
Nine Persona Harnett la Death In Maill
son Street—.A (Jasoline Explosion YVrnps
A Tenement House In Flames—Shut In
by Flume nntl Suffocated by Smoke
llow the Poor of it City Are Huddled To
gether.
(By Telegraph to the Chronicle.)
Nf.w York, January 4. -A tire occurred this
morning in the rear of 35 Madison street, a
lour story tenement house. Nino lives wore
lost. The victims are Ellen Sheridan, aged 43r
Katie Sheridan, aged 14; Maggie Sheridan,
aged 5; Martin Sheridan, aged 3; John Walsh,
aged 13; Thos. Cassidy, aged 0; Clias. Cassidy,
aged 8 ; a girl named Egan, aged 2, and Mrs.
SheridaD, age unknown. Several persons were
injured, among them James Cassidy, Mary
Egan and Clias. Walsh.
Particulars.
At 8:15, this morning, a lire broke out in the
teuemonkliouso in the rear ol -James Doyle’s
liquor store, at 35 Madison street. It started
at the bottom of the stairs that furnished tho
only mode of exit for the tenements of tho five
story building, barring outside fire-escapes;
and in less than five minutes swept through
the stairway to the roof, cutting off the escape
of a score of persons. The suddenly imperilled
tenants mado a rush for the roof, but tho scut
tle was firmly hooked and would not yield. Tlio
ascending tlamoa drove them back in their
rooms and a scene of the wildest confusion en-.
sued. Mon and women throw their children*
from tho windows and jumped after them
through the flames that swept across the yard
and caught their clothing. When the firemen
mastered the raging element, the dead bodies
of uino persons who had been burned were
taken out. Several were injured in making
their escape and were sent to Chambers Stroot
Hospital.
dreadful Scenes.
Tho scene of tlio dreadful holocaust, tho like
of which lias not occurred in this city since tho
tenement house tiro in Common street more
tlian a year ago, and tho droadfnl Turnor Hall
calamity about tho same time, is approached
through a narrow alloy, hardly wide enough to
allow the passage of a portly man, botwoon two
tall tenements, No. 35 and 33 Madison street.
In front ot No: 35 is James Doyle’s liquor store.
Its back door opens directly upon tho narrow
hallway in tho rear tenement, whero a start was
given to this morning’s fire. ’* Plumbers were
busy at the foot of tho stairs thawing out frozen
water pipes, and for this purpose used gasoline
apparatus. By some moaiis it waH upset and
the inflammable material ran out. There was a
blinding, flash as of au explosion, that blew in
the door of the saloon, and in an instant black
smoke welled up the long stairway, impelled by
the draught- setting towards the open windows
in tho top story. The firo finding vent through
tho open doors and windows of the uutenauted
gronnd floor of the house, had seized upon the
shutters, window frames and wooden floors of
the balconies outside, licking tliom up like so
much tissue paper and reaching upward toward
the floors, where frightened men and women
huddled together, afraid to venture out upon
the fire-escape that seemed to lead into the very
jaws of death. Eight familios occupied the
house, two on each floor. On the second floor
the Egans and Muldoons had at the first alarm
usaped through the windows. Airs. Alary Egan,
widow, and lior four grown children, Margaret,
Thomas, Joseph and John, reached tho ground
in safety by a quick jump. Mrs. Muldoon, who
is over eighty years old was less fortunate,
seizing her two grand children, Annie, aged 10;
and Kate, aged 7; she sprang from the fire
escape, bnt in the fall sprainod or broke lier leg
and she crawled away with difficulty.
Leap For Life.
Ou the floor above, Mr. Egan who lived alone,
escaped with his neighbors. Tbe McKana
family likewise by jumping; .Tames, agod!);
Hugh, aged 4, and baby; were thrown through
the window by Charles, their eldest brother, a
lad of 15. Tho mother, Mrs. Kana, waH sweep
ing in tho yard when tho fire broke out; she
rushed to tho stairway, but was. njet by a solid
sheet of ll&mo and realizing tho danger of
her children, roused them by 7 shouting be
fore they knew of the approach of the
deadly visitor. “Jump, Charles, and throw
them down,” tho agonized mother cried,
and stretched out her arms to receive
them, as three littlo hoads looked over the win
dow sill beside their brother. The lad measur
ed tho distance with his eyes. It was more than
twenty feet, and ho shrauk from the venturo
with a dread of instant doath. But the smoke
was already filling the room and pouring
through tlie window. The children now cried
and strotchod their hands towards their
mother. Tho baby’s call, “Mama! Mama !”
was heard above tlie roar of tlie fire and clamor
of tho streets. The mother cried: “Charlie, for
God’s sake, jump I” and the boy flung tho baby
into her arms. The other children followed—
himself leaping last, all reaching the ground in
safety. Ou tho fourth floor lived the Cassidy
family and the Egans, another family but of
the same name as those on the first floor, and
in the filth and topmost story Mrs. Ellon Sheridan
was at breakfast with her four children. The men,
as in all the other families, had gone to their
work. At the first alarm Mrs. Sheridan ran to the
door, and, seeing the hallway effectually blocked,
turned to the window. The flamos there met
her also, and in despair she rushed for the
scuttle oil the roof. It was firmly liookod, and
her strength, desperate as she was, did not suf
fice to open it. lieturning to her room she
closed the door on tho advancing tiro, but too
late—tho rooms were-fflled with smoke,'growing
more dense overy moment, in which tlie woman
and her children groped about, vainly soekiitg
the window.
Till-} 7 Were Fuunil Dead,
Evidently choked boforo the flames reached
them. Tho Cassiday family had attempted to
escape by the roof, also, and failing had reached
tho windows and flung themselves out—only
two of them—Charles and Thomas, boys of six
and eight years, were loft. They wero suffo
cated, and when found their clothes wore
burned. Of tlie Egan family all wore saved.
A littlo girl of tjvo years escaped by throwing
herself into the yard, but Marv Egan was badly
injured in tlie fall and was taken to the hospital.
Tho whole was over in loss time by far than it
takes to tell it. Tlie yard was filled with writhing
bodies of scorched and injured women, and po
lice and firemen quickly removed these, and
made heroic efforts to gain tlie upper floors,
whence issued cries of those yet imprisoned.
They were beaten back each tone. Officer Thomas
Barrett reached the .second floor ou a tire-os
cape and assisted in tlie rescue of two children,
before ho himself waij comiiellod to jump for
his life. In half an hour all was ovor. The
house stood scorched, blackened and dripping
from roof few collar with torrents of water that
had flooded it. The damage to the house wss
ostimatod at $3,00t). The building is tho prop
erty of Mrs. Eagan, a wealthy resident of an
up-town street, and was a fair typo of hundreds
of structures in tlie city, in which the poor are
hnddled without sufficient means of escape in
case of fire.
Another victim of the firo was found this af
ternoon in the person of a babe of Mrs. Cassi
dy. The little one was clasped to its mother’s
breast, wrapped in a blanket. The ten bodies
v ere placed in coffins and removed from the
station liouho to tlie Morgue. Timothy Harring
ton, one of tho plumbers, through whose care
lessness it is charged tlie firo had its origin,
when questioned by Coroner Heirmau, explain
ed that lie was usiug a gasoline lamp to thaw
out the pipes. With him was a boy named
McGloan, a green hand, who’had worked for
him oniy since tho previous day. He hold
the lamp, the contents of winch were exceed
ingly inflammable. Ho had lioen warned sev
eral times, hut .heedlessly -tipped the lamp
and sdmo of tlie oil fan out. It flashed ai
once. Iu his flight, Harrington’s hands wore
Burned. The boy, Mcfthian, disappeared.—
The police are loolfing for him, and at the
order of Coroner Sherman, took Harrington
to the Honso of Detention, where he will be
held as a witness ponding inquiry. His em
ployer, Mr. Patton, was taken to the station
by a policeman at two o’clock and examined
by tliet Coroner. An inquest will be held next
week.
MAGISTRATES AND CONSTABLES.
The Election Saturilay—Who Were Sue*
eesafui.
The election for Magistrates and Constables
took place throughout the county Saturday. In
tbe city districts, notwithstanding tho exceed
ing Inclemency of the weather, quite a large vote
was polled. Tlie result was as follows :
122d District (First Ward) For Justice of
the Peace—Edw. E. Doscher, '348; Wm. W.
Smythe, .144 ; Dosclier’s majority* 204. For
Constables-Nathan Davis, 342 ; Jno. F. Bur
nett, 244; Robt. O. Easterling, 168. The two
former wero elected.
120th District (Second Ward)—For Justice of.
the Peace W. Milo Oliu, 138; E. M. Haber
sham, 83 ; Olin’s majority, 55. For Constables
—Eugene Conner, 212 ; W. A. Kelly, 22.
398th District (Third Ward) —For Justice of
the Peace—John Vaughan was elected withont
opposition. J. C. Cartlodge and Jacob Monger
weriMdected Constables,
000th District (Fourth Ward)—For Justice of
the Peace—Jno. 11. Neibling, 251 ; Alex. D.
Smith, 107; Neibling’s majority, 144. ForCon r
stables—Allen Morris, 197; B >F. Johnson, 271;
Ebenezer Daniel, 169. The two first were
elected. .
123d District—For Jnstico of the Peace—B.
H. P. Day, 63. For Constables--0. C. Sego,
40 ; C. C. Burch, 63.
119th District—For Justice of tbe Peace —Silas
D. Walker. For Constables—J. J. Newman, F.
M. Clark.
In the 124th District Abram Sego was elected
Magistrate. No election for Constables.
1,269 th District—For Justice of the Peace—
John Price. For Constables—J. P. Stringfleld,
Jerry Bloom.
Cotton Movements.
The following, from the Financial and Oomr
nwrcuil Chronicle, shows the movements of cot
ton for the week ending Friday, December 31st:
For the week ending Friday evening, Decem
ber 31st, the 7 total receipts'reached 196,435
bales, against 237,980 bales last week, 238,490
bales the .previous week, and 243,137 bales
three weeks since; making the total receipts
sinca’the Ist of September, 1880, 3,454,099
bales; against 3,166,855 .bales for the same
period of 1879, showing an increase since Bep
■tember 1, 4880, of ’287,244 bales.
The exports for the week ending Friday even
ing reach a total of 115,099 bales, of which 60,-
394 were to (beat Britain, 27,765 to France,
and 26,940 to rest of the Continent, while the
stocks as wide up Friday evening are now
974,485 bales.. Compared with toe corres
ponding week of last season, there is an in
crease in the exports last week of 39,981 bales,
while the stocks are 92,772 Isfies more than
thjjy were at this time a year ago.
The figures indicate an increase in the cotton
in tight 0f '.*23,234 bales, as compared with the
1879, an increase of 268,966 bales,
as .JtfqFMed with 1878, and an increase of
220®$!?balls, as compared with 1877. .
jk Change f (Nrunhl|M (
(B§Lt. lege-u-h to the
• 0... January
afirfeenriliQw Patriot, ‘ the aide** turot-r in
MARSHAL FITZSIMONS.
He YY’lll Not Be Disturbed—The Report of
Spedal Agent Newcomb.
(By Telegraph to the Chronicle.)
Washington, Jannary 2. Though no
formal decision to that effect has been made,
it is learned on good authority that Marshal
Fitzsimons will not bo disturbed on account
of the report of Special Agent Newcomb.
The representations in Fitzsimons’ behalf,
made by Senators Hill and Brown and Mr!
Stephens, have convinced the President ami
Attorney-General that the report against
Fitzsimons was made by Newcomb upon
the evidence of men whose words are not at
par value.
Fitzsimons' commission expires on .March
Bth nex]. It is not likely that Mr. Garfield
will reappoint him.
PRESS COMMENTS,
A Supreme flues!ion.
[ Galveston Avirs.)
The question of the education cf the- masses
is one of supremo National concern.
No Monopolies.
[ Boston Herald ]
The public will stand a good deal, but it is
not ret prepared to give up freo competition.
Free Tr jde,
[Chattanooga Times.]
Once onr working paopld should see the lux
ury which free trado has brought spinners,
weavers and iron artisans in England. th..\
would fall in with tho doctrinc'onthusiastioalh
Negro Kxmlus.
[ Chicago Tribune , Rep.]
The efforts of certain well-meaning, bnt mis
guided persons to induce tlio nogroos of tin
Southern States to emigrate to Liberia have not
been attended with much shceess thus far, ami
they ought not to bo.
The Democratic Minority.
[Atlanta Constitution.]
The Democratic minority in the next Congress
promises to boa much ino(n useful body in-pro
venting partisan legislation than the Democratic
majority in the present Congress has been in
projecting necossary legislation.
Southern Development.
• [Baltimore Gazette.]
We sincerely triißt that the Southern policy
of tho inooming administration will he of such
character as to eneourago the development of
Southern industries, instead of retarding them,
as many persons apprehend may bo tho case.
Just Human.
[Nashville American.]
Ail attempt to lynch'the late carpet-bagger.
Scott, recently Governor of Sonth Carolina;
Those who created the carpetbagger, invented
him, as it wore, now seek his blood. Really,
isn’t human nature the same in the North as in
tho South ?
The Black Man’s Home.
[Baltimore American, Itep.]
The desire on tho part of the colored men to
escape from the memories of his old servitude
and from his political and social disadvantages
is natural enough; but is it wise for him to
abandon the fields where tho brightest future
awaits his efforts ?
No Stalwart Policy.
[Missouri Republican.]
. With the results of white and of black rule in
tho South before him, and with his knowledge
of what constitutes and maintains ratio suprem
acy the world ovev if Air Garfield sanctions tho
stalwart programme ho will commit a crime for
which there is neither excuse nor pardon.
No More Abaentceian.
[ Washington Post.]
It is a time for plain'talk. There are no mnro
days to be wasted. If this Congress is to leavn
a record on whieli Democrats can look without
contempt and chagrin, thero must be, from now
on, faithful attention to public duty on tlio part
of all who belong to the responsible party.
{The (Negro In Carolina.
[ Charleston Yen's and Courier.]
The white man will do nothing that will de
stroy the efficiency of the -colored man as a la
borer, and the negro will in timo have to stand
by those upon whom he is dependent. And
tlien will como that political millennium for
which ovory truo patriot has so long ami so do-.
voutly prayed.
Something Shortly !
[Macon Herald.]
An Atlanta correspondent, who is generally
pretty well posted, says : “You may look oiit
for some startling information materially affect
ing Georgia about nextThnrsday.” Mr" Oradv,
in his letter to tlie Constitution, from Now York,
intimates tbe same thing. Who will be United
States Judge? Will it be Judge Ilillvor, or
Evan Howell ? We simply .guess.
New York Democratic Revival.
[TV. T. World.]
Tho meeting last night did something worth
doing in that, for the first timo in ninny years,
it began apolitical reorganization with a plat
form of principles to organize upon. Tlie num
bers present, the harmony and tlie enthusiasm,
of last night’s meeting are tho best answer pos
sible to those who gabble about the “brook np”
of the Democracy. Indeed, it is hard tnwecali
any such meeting anywhere, of any defeated
party, during the past’flfty years.
The True View. *
[Cincinnati Gazette. )
It seems to us, however, that in treating rail
road property as entirely private property, the
review overlooks the fact that the land which
the railroads have taken possession of, for the
way, under the authority of the Government,
can not be reduced to private property. Gov
ernment authorizes railroad corporations to
take private lands, by its right of eminent do
main, by which it may take private propertv for
public use. But it can not convert snob lands
to private property. How -far their Is-ing held
by tho corporations for tho public use gives tbo
public the right to regulato from time to timo
the terms on which they shall lie used, is tlie
great law question.
Railroad Notes. <
The Rome Railroad is daily expecting it snow
locomotive. ’ , *
Tho Financial and Commercial Chronicle of
January 18th roports 40 bid and 42 asked’foV
Memphis and Charleston Railroad stock m New
York.
Tho earnings of tbe Memphis and Charles
ton Railroad for the third week in December
were $46,570 against $45,719 for tlie same timo
last year.
At a mooting of the Directory of tho Central’
Railroad, held Tuesday, Col. Wm. M. Wadley.
was ro-alectod President, andCapt. W. O. llaoql
Vice-President.
Maj. Campbell Wallace, of tlie Railroad Com
mission. is confident that circular No. 11 will
prove of great good for tho people and tho roads.
Thulast mail train on the Wilmington and
Weldon Railroad, bound north, ran off tho*
track near Magnolia. Hevefal persons wero
hurt, hut no one was killed. The accident was
caused by tlia breaking of a wheel. This is the
first accident of any moment on this road for
many years.
On the first of February the recent circular
of the Railroad Commission, which reduces
railroad fare from four to three cents per mile,
will go into effect. There has lieo/ihio action of
the Commission which has caused snch a sensa
tion, and it has pressed tho opponents ot that
authority to a point, whore thoy will fully test its
power.
Says the Financial Chronicle, oi January 1 :
“The magnificent earnings of the railroads with
out any prospect of immediate decrease, tho
great demand for investments, the prosperity
in business in all directions, and the extreme
bullish sentiment which has controlled the mar
kets for some months past, are all tho main
causes which appear to have supported prices
against all sales, whether for lohg or short ac
count.”
The fast mail train due at Petersburg at 4, a.
m., did not arrive until 10 o’clock,b. m., yes
terday. Tho delay was caused by tlie accident
which hotel the train Tuesday niglife near Mag
nolia station, on the Wilmington and Wehlon
Railroad. The sleeper and-passenger coach
were thrown down an embankment twenty-five
feet, completely wrecking tlie former and badly
damaging the latter. The passengers, num
bering about 30, wero more or less injured.
Mrs. Maiy Bronn, of Philadelphia, was very
seriously injured, having an arm broken anil
receiving a severe cut across the head. 'Tho
accident was caused by the breaking of a wheel
of the mail car.
A MURDEROUS NEPHEW.
Falling In An Attempt to Poison HU Un
cle’s Family, He Succeeds |n*Shoot|ng
Them.
(By Telegraph to the Chronicle.)
Chicago, January 2.— On last Friday*
night, near Otis, Ind., Henry. Angustine. of
Chicago, who was visiting his uncle, James
Augustine, and family, vainly tried to get
them to drink from a bottle containing what
proved to be poisoned whisky. Later in
the night he went tp James’ bedroom and
fired several shots, killing Mrs. Augustine,
and probably fatally wounding James,
Two sons of James were roused by tbo
firing and came down stairs. One was
killed and the other slightly wounded by
Henry, who then escaped. He 7 will prob
ably he lynched, if captured. Considerable
money was usually kept in the house, and
theft is supposed to be the motive for tho
crime.
The klacon and- Brunswick Extension.
r Col. Wilson, in Atlanta Constitution.]
“My impression is that we will build
directly to Atlanta. 1 understand that tho -
distance td Atlanta direct will lie only 93
miles, and it will take 65 iniles of builile.
ing to get to Covingtop. So that we would
only have 28 miles further to build to got
into Atlanta by a direct line of onr own.
Of course, I do not know that * th< se fig-,
utes are official and correct, but thoy ap
pear to be reliable. If they nre; I should
say that we would build to Atlanta. As I
understand it, there is a common ronte as
far as Monticello, and that in cither event
the road will go direct-from. Macon to that
point.” 7 •
Colonel Wilson exhibited a lively interest
in the future of the Georgia Western-—,
and with, reason. A glance at the. map
will show that when he has a line from
Brunswick to Atlanta, he must break acroe 7 ),
the country and connect with his Mem
phis and Charleston system. OnPhis pri
vate map I noticed four routes caUdiill/
penciled for the Georgia Western—ahd
while none of them nre built it waa a com
fort to see them even projected on paper.
The Subdued ‘lloux.
. (By Telegraph to the *
Chicago, Janugsy s.—General
has a telegwfffffrpm Major Ilgas, at Camp
PophyiOQSoTe, dated January 3d, saying two
bnmflml host afes are in his’ camp safe,*and -
SUfting Bull.-is coining. He subdued tbo
J(oetile after a short attack, killing one an tfl
Grounding two.
I twenty-four hours P .
I J a. ' *