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From the St. Augustine News, Nov. 6. I •Wore Indian •Warders. On Sunday morning last, as Lieutenant Judd, 3d Artillery, was coining into town from Fort Searle, with an escort of a ser- j jeant and two privates, he was fired upon by a concealed party of Indians, nnd Ser jeant Field and Private Mullcen killed; ! Private Kain was severely wounded, as well as Mr. F. Falaney, who was in com pany. Lieutenant Judd and the wounded men rode off a short distance, when thesol dier fell from exhaustion; Lieutenant J. dismounted, and, with agreatly-to.be com mended care, laid hint into some high grass. -On teaching town, Lieutenant Brown of the Artillery, with a few men, started out, and found private Kain alive, though severely wounded—and the bodies of Sergeant Field, ami Mulleen stripped, horribly knifed, and the head of the s.-r ----jeant carried off. The Indians captured their guns. The bodies were taken at Fort Searfe and buried; Private Kain was sent to the hospital at Pieolata. Lieutenant Judd behaved not only with great bravery, but humanity, in assisting the wounded j soldier ; and his escape uninjured, is truly remarkable, from a fire of 12 or lti rifles. Mr. Falaney is severely wounded in the shoulder. Lieutenant Brown, with great activity, pursued the trails until late at night, as well as Lieutenants Kidgcly and . Hardee, when the latter took their position at Hewlett’s Mills. Several citizens went in pursuit, and reaching Fort Hanson, Lieutenant Sanchez, of the Volunteers, with his command. The trails of the ene my were most numerous, exhibiting their having separated into small parties, cross ing and intersecting each other, so as to elude all successful pursuit. Egypt. A correspondent of the New York Obser ver, writing from France, says: “ All the Governments and People of Europe turn their eyes to the ancient land erfithe Pharaohs.” The remarkable man (Mehemet Ali) who rules over this empire, and whose name is m ntioned at the pres ent time oftener than that of almost any half-civilized monarch, is now 7f years old. He is described by a late writer as being in height 5 feet 2 inches, of a san guine and nervous temperament, his coun tenance open and agreeable, blending shrewdness and good temper in its expres sion. Ilis activity and industry are said to be great. Having’ been educated in y outh as a man of business, he has good bu siness tact, and attends in person to a great number of details connected with govern ment affairs. His early opportunities for mental cultivation were limited ; but he is said to be ready in numerical calculation, and to manifest uncommon general intelli gence. He is remarkably liberal towards other religions, although a Mohamedan. It is now thirty-seven years since he became master of Egypt. Although contradictory accounts are given respecting the degree of civilization which he has been instrument al in bringing into that country, it is cer tain that the removal thither of Europeans has done much to teach the Egyptians the arts of peace as well as of war. It was not until 1830 that Mehemet took a stand as an Independent monarch. He had previously 1 paid large tribute to the Sultan of Turkey, i and had pat forth all his military power and resources at the Sultan’s command.— But he now determined to act for himself, and to take possession of Syria, which he said had been promised to him for his ser vices in the war with Greece. Towards the end of October, 1831, Mehemet Ali sent, his son Ibrahim with an army of from 40,000 to 50,000 men to Syria. A series ofdreadful conflicts ensued. The seige of St. Jean d’Acre was long and the struggle desperate, but, on the 27th of May, 1832, the place was taken and the garrison made prisoners, with Abdallah, the Governor of the Province. Ibrahim then swept over the country to the northward, successful every where against the forces of the Sul tan, and was ready to march upon Constan tinople itself. The Turkish Gov rmnent became alarmed. After calling oil Great Britain for aid in vain, and after another dreadful encounter with Ibrahim, the Sul tan threw himself into the arms of Russia. An immense Russian force was brought in to the Turkish dominions, but the Sultan, becoming as fearful of Russian alliance as of Mehemet Ali’s rebellion, concluded to give up Syria. The dependanee on Russia had, however, involved Turkey in bonds which could not be broken, and a treaty was agreed upon, on the Sih of July, 1833, called the treaty of UnkiarSkellessi, which placed Turkey in the power of Russia to a degree. The duration of the treaty was limited to eight years. From that time to this, Syria has been often iii partial revolt against the government of Ibrahim and the Sultan has set king an opportunity to recover it. At the latest advices the question to whom it should be assigned had not been settled. Ibraham, the oldest son of Mehemct Ali, (or, as some have asserted, the adopted son,) is now 51 years of age. described as ■; ■ /—mg of a strong constitution, naturally t somewhat forbidding in appearance, po a oes j ess a ( tract j ve manners than his rn era e, From the age of 16 he has been a a mos a fi> r y an{ j c j v jj o flj cer . J-I e j s 0 f course P r ®?fougbly versed in the tactics of war; ileed he has been instructed by European ed foMh? cer8 * wil * be rememt>erell tl,at *‘ e variablr' Urec * ver y conspicuously in the war be- Meree wet : n l "*' e y Greece. His energy by 0 p and military capacities have been abun dantly proved in his conduct of affairs in Syria In his late contest with the Turk ish forces on the plains of Nezib, he was completely victorious. Ibrahim has been condemned a harsh and tyrannical in his government of Syria, and the same account has been given’ of Mehemet. But the rebellious tribes can not be kept in subjection except by a strong hand. Both these warriors have done themselves honor by encouraging the im provements introduced by foreigners, and expending money freely in public works, hospitals, Sec. Mehemet Ali owns all the territory of Egypt, and has it cultivated by men who are paid for their labor in a share of the produce. He has a monopoly of cotton, rice, opium, &c. “He is the great farmer, the great merchant of the country. All business of exchange is done by him and for him.” His maxim is “The earth be longs to God and to the sovereign who is his representative.” From the Philadelphia Saturday Courier. Interesting II erolut ion ary Incident. DIED —At Lyme, Conn., on the 29thof October, Captain Ezra Lee, aged 72, a re volutionary officer. When the British fleet lay in the North River, opposite the city of New York, and j while G, ncral Washington had possession of the city, he was very desirous to be rid ol such neighbors. A Mr. Biishnell, of Say brook, Conn., who had the genius of a Ful ton, constructed such a marine machine of a conical form, bound together with iron bands, within which a person might sit, and with cranks and skulls could navigate to any depth underwater. In the upper part ‘ was affixed a vertical screw for the purpose of penetrating ships’ bottoms, and to this was attached a magazine of powder, within \ which was a clock, which, on being set to i run any given time, would, when run down, spring a gun lock, and an explosion would follow. This Marine Turtle, so called was examined by General Washington and approved; to preserve secrecy,'it was ex perimented within an enclosed yard, over 20 or 30 feet water, and kept during day light locked up in a vessel’s hold. The brother of the inventor was to be the person to navigate the machine into action, but on sinking it the first time, he declined the ser vice. General Washington, unwilling to re linquish the obji ct, requested Major Gen ral Parsons to select a person in whom he could confide, voluntarily, to engage in the enterprise ; the latter being well acquaint ed with the heroic spirit, the patriotism, and the firm and steady courage of the deceased above mentioned, immediately communica ted the plan and the offer, which he accep ted, observing that his life was at General Washington’s service. After practising the machine, luntil he understood its powers of balancing and moving under water, a night was fixed upon for the attempt. Ge neral Washington and his associates in the secret, took their station upon the roof of a housein Broadway, anxiously awaitingjhe result. Morning came, ajiff-fiolntelligence couldJje-StacTbrthe intrepid sub-marine na vigator, nor could the boat which attended him, give account of him after parting with him the first partof the night. While these anxious spectators were about to give him up as lost, several barges ! were seen to start suddenly from Governor’s Island, (then in possession of the British,) and piocced towards some object near the j Asia ship of the line—as suddenly they were seen to put about and steer for the Island with springing oars. In two or three minutes an explosion took place, from the I surface of the water, resembling a water I spout, which aroused the whole city and re gion ; the enemy’s ships took the alarm— signals were rapidly given—the ships cut theif babies and proceeded to the Hook with all passible despatch, sweeping their bottoms with chains, and with difficulty prevented their crews from leaping over board. During this sconce of consternation, the deceased came to the surface, opened the brass head of Ids aquatic machine; rose and gave a signal for the boat to conic to him,.hut they could not .reach him until he agairndeseended under water, to avoid the enemy’s, shot from the Island, who had dis covered hiiri and commenced firing in his wake. Having forced himself against a strong current under water until without the reach of shot, he was taken in tow and landed at the battery amidst a great crowd, and reported himself to General Washing ton, who expressed his entire satisfaction that the object was effected without the loss of ii es. The deceased was under the Asia's bottom more than two hours, endea voring to penetrate the copper, but in vain. He frequently came up under her stern gal lery, searching for exposed planks, and could hear the sentinels cry. Once he was discovered ijy the watch on deck, and heard them speculate upon him, but concluded a drifted log had paid them a visit—he re turned to the bottom and examined it fore and aft, and then proceeded to other ships ; but the impossibility of penetrating the cop per, for want of a resisting power, saved the lives'of hundreds. The longest space of time he could remain under water was two hours. For a particular description of this sub-murine curiosity, see Siliiman’s Journal of Arts and Sciences. “A tight so,” as tbe tuief said when his head was placed in the stocks. - .' .7” . AGRICULTURAL. OUII COUNTRY—OUR WHOLE COUNTRY. There is no one business of life which so highly conduces to national prosperity and independence', nnd to general and individu a! happiness, as the cultivation of the soil. Agriculture may be regarded, says the great Sully, as the breasts from which the State derives its support and nourishment. Agriculture is truly our nursing mother, which natures and gives growth, and mor al health,and character, to ourcountry.— It may be considered the great wheel which moves all the machinery of society ; and that’Whatever gives'to this anew impulse or energy, communicates a corresponding, impetus to the thousand minor wheels'of interest which it propels and regulates,— Providence seems wisely to have ordained, thiU, because this is.lhe most necessary em ployment towards the subsistence and com fort of the human family, its labors shall receive the highest and most substantial re ward. While the other classes of society are directly dependent upon Agriculture, lor a regular and sufficient supply of the means of subsistence, the agriculturist is enabled to supply all the absolute wants of life from his own labors ; though he derives most of his pleasures and profits from an interchange of the products of labor with the .other classes of society. Agriculture has been called the parent of arts, not only because it was the first art practised by man, but because the other arts are its le gitimate offspring, and cannot continue long to exist without it. It is the great bu siness of civilized life, and gives employ mi lit to a vast majority of almost every peo ple. The substantial prosperity of a country is always in the. ratio of its agicultural in dustry and wealth. Commerce and manu factures may give temporary conseqence (o a state; but these arc always a preca rious dependence. Venice, Genoa, Portu gal, Spain, &c., each in turn rose to wealth and power from Commercial enterprize.— But they all now’ exhibit melancholy evi dences of fallen greatness. Their popula tion degenerated under the corrupting in fluence of commercial wealth, and having no suitable agricultural basis to rest upon, they have fallen in succession, from their high standing, victims to the more robust energies of rival powers, or to the enervat ing influence of domestic cabals. They ex hibit nothing now, in their political or social (Institutions,—in their agriculture or the condition of their population, —that can be admired or coveted by the freemen .of A merica. Great Britain has JIQVI become ascendant in commerce arid manufactures, yet her greatness !!Vthese sources of power and opulence, are primarily and principal ly owing to the excellent state of her agri. -eifiture, —without which she could not pro bably sustain her manufactures or hercom merce, in their present flourishing state, or long retain her immense foreign posses sions, or any thing like her present popula tion. Only one third ofher population are said to be employed in agriculture ; yet the labors of this one-third such is the high condition ot her husbandry, suffice to feed themselves and the other two-thirds. Five millions of agricultural population, of all ages, produce annually, from her limited soil, seven hundred millions ofdollars worth of agricultural produce, averaging about one hundred and forty dollars to each man, woman and child. The recently publish ed letters of Dr. Humphreys, are so cop clusive, and instructive, upon this subject, not only in regard to the importance of ag riculture to a nation, but as showing the sus ceptibility of this art of high improvement and great productiveness, that we subjoin below an extract from one of his letters w— “lt is the opinion of competent judges, that the advances made in the Agriculture of Gn at Britain, during the last seventy ,or eighty years, are scarcely exceeded by the improvement and extention of its manufac tures, within the same period ; and that- to these advances* no other old settled country furnishes any parallel. That they hay.e been very rapid indeed* the following figures and comparisons.! abundantly show: In 1760, the total growthiofall kinds ofgrajn in England and Wales was about 120*000,- 000 bushels. To this should be add&d, perhaps, 50,000,000 for Scotland, making a great total of 170,000,000. In 1835, the .quantity in both kingdoms could not haVe been'less than 249,000,000 bushels, In 1755, the pop.glption of the whole island d(d not rnuchj if any, exceed 7,600,000. — lii 183 J, it had risen to 16,525,180, being an. increase of 9,000,000, or 120 per cent! Now the improvements in agriculture have more than kept pace with this prodigious in crease ofdemand forits various productions; for it is agreed on all hands, that the 16,- 500,000, or rather the 17,500,000, (for more than a million has been added since 1831,) are much fuller fed, and on provis ions of a far better quality, than the 7,500,- 000 were in 1756. Nor is Great Britain indebted at all, at present, to foreign markets for her supplies. Since 1832, she lias imported no grain worth mentioning ; nd till within the last six months, prices have been so exceedingly depressed, as to i call forth loud complaints from the whole agricultural interests of the country. Eng land is at this moment so far from wanting any of our bread-stuffs, if we had them to export, that she has been supplying us lib erally all winter from her own granaries; and according to the latest advices, she had still bread enough, and to spare.. Again, it is estimated by British writers, ofhigh au thority, that the subsistance of 9,000,000 people costs, in raw produce, no less than £72,000,000, £B'per each individual per annum. According to thjf “” •’•p an- nual product of this great branch of nation al industry is $350,000,000 more at pres ent, than it was in 1755; which is more than twice the value of the whole cotton manufacture of the country, in 1831. Now if it costs $350,000,000 to feed the increas-1 ed population of 9,000,000, then to feed the present population of 17,500,000, must cost near $700,000,000! What an amazing agricultural product for so small a territo ry ! And yet it is the opinion of practical men ofthe highest respectability in Eng land, that the raw produde of the Island, might be well nigh doubled, without any great proportional expense being incurred in its production ; that is to say 25,000,000 people might draw their subsistence from one little speck in the ocean. “ Now we have a territory more than fif teen times as large as the island of Great Britain ; and what should hinder it, when it comes to be brought under no higher culti vation than some parts of England and Scotland, from sustaining a population of 500,000,000 or 600,000,000 of people ! This would give to Virginia something like 30,000,000; to Illinois and Missouri about the same number each; to New York near 25,000,000 —and so on in proportion to the other States. lam quite aware that this estimate will be regarded as extremely visionary and incredible by many of your EUECTIKSMN RET MEINS 1 , a The following Table is published for convenient reference, in comparing the returns of the present Election with the preoeding ones. | ttjtgi PRESIDENTIAL VOTE. CONGRESSIONAL VOTE 5 VOTE FOR. GOVERNOR. f- ■ 111 A > /■■- 1 /■■'■ *v Highest Highest COUNTIES. S; £ on the on the §> S Ticket Ticket O 4 5- ? Elected, defeated. = o’ §5 5L i 3 &. F Dawson. Colquitt. Appling - • 32 100 117 132 102 Baker - - - 23 201 240 278 136 Baldwin - - 731 533 I 337 326 229 278 Bibb -- - - 758 750 I 680 678 710 496 Bryan ... 80 22 89 36 7 99 Bulloch - - 25 386 7 365 312 7 Burke - - - 593 195 518 287 114 585 Butts - - - - 153 230 398 393 189 Camden - - 24 189 228 166 129 Campbell - - 264 I 202 530 481 166 Carroll - - - 161 268 450 526 200 Cass - - . . 127 506 658 706 481 Chatham - - 591 647 560 630 330 260 Chattooga-- 15 21S 268 228 168 Cherokee - - 47 363 512 480 326 Clark----_ 630 319 637 352 372 593 Cobb . 428 658 425 687 679 335 Columbia - - 470 223 480 271 252 374 Coweta i.- 50 I 687 683 719 550 Crawford - - 435 459 419 446 479 255 Dade - - - - 125 23 147 139 f 24 Decatur--- 228 405 248 280 310 DeKalb - - 664 759 636 750 653 466 Dooly - - - - 71 228 331 300 137 Early - - - - 35 241 352 360 165 Effingham - - 158 55 173 75 66’ 143 Elbert -- - 958 105 | 911 132 79 905 Emanuel * * 33 131 177 152 114 Fayette - - - 130 408 539 475 286 Floyd -- - 271 266 271 254 330 188 Forsvth - - 348 457 334 512 417 298 Franklin - - 228 441 Sls 689 350 Gilmer - - - 37 84 340 273 79 Glynn - - 88 15 113 29 33 131 Greene - - - 894 127 860 96 71 786 Gwinnett - - 125 713 679 619 608 Habersham - 290 760 350 810 594 384 Hall - 445 504 556 652 506 470 Hancock . . 482 241 476 260 301 376 Harris - - - 554 944 397 465 792 Heard ... 37 329 376 389 204 Henry .- . 931 794 856 781 835 649 Houston - - 97 673 620 655 449 Irwin .-- - 61 63 187 257 14 Jackson - - - 30 548 569 520 506 Jasper ---• 495 494 514 511 507 440 Jefferson - - 457 89 439 99 108 456 Jones 107 500 458 503 447* Laurens - - 552 443 7 5 389 Lee - - - - - 227 303 131 215 233 Liberty--- 65 | 153 116 87 139 Lincoln - - 317 123 294 152 195 244 Lowndes - - 333 415 126 224 349 Lumpkin - - 355 736 316 740 651 249 Macon - - - 30 355 326 337 243 Madison -- - 357 286 | 325 296 509 279 Marion 118 359 312 224 332 Mclntosh -- • 119 136 ’ 102 146 128 119 Meriwether- 60 741 788 766-. 671 Monroe-,. 796 675 822 730 802 ’ 671 Montgomery 200 202 7 10 242 Morgan--- 478 278 494 322 322 460 Murray - - - 179 242 482 572 89 Muscogee - - 1044 811 971 833 850 861 Newton --- 988 355 971 398 467 850 Oglethorpe - 654 127 612 132 104 479 Paulding - - 20 248 263 231 216 Pike - - - - 64 532 626 492 349 Pulaski - - - 37 213 312 313 160 Putnam - - - 468 310 448 350 245 524 Rabun.--- 182 27 314 295 11 Randolph - - 10 544 591 508 490 Richmond - - 939 406 900 495 372 449 Scriven - - - 180 199 174 238 134 211 Stewart - - - 240 893 771 793 751 Sumter - - - 273 454 370 392 407 Talbot ... 104 896 818 855 787 Taliaferro - 431 47 402 60 33 414 Tattnall - - 225 250 24 68 276 Telfair - - - 149 191 132 139 174 Thomas - - 362 436 146 203 312 Troup -- - 742 1134 432 646 940 Twiggs - - - 24 380 424 461 327 Union - - - 253 96 415 448 20 Upson -- - 632 293 638 311 393 544 Walker - - 153 383 509 471 237 Walton - - 516 619 531 677 623 442 Ware - - - 180 205 5 3 225 7 Warren - - 552 243 585 336 317 429 Washington 593 453 583 527 514 583 Wayne - - 15 77 80 109 20 Wilkes - - 438 353 464 387 361 426 Wilkinson - 47 467 505 490 / 391 39619 35562 34634 32081 I readers ; but no more so than it would have been thought in the middle of the last cen tury, that England, Scotland, and Wales, could ever be made to sustain thirty-five or even thirty millions.”— N. Y. Cultivator. Cotton Seed for Manure. —This is un doubtedly a manure of nourishment. Its value is derived from its oleiginous proper ty, as all oils are composed of carbon and hydrogen. On high lands, from four to six quarts of live seed to the task row, (one hun dred and fifty feet,) where the ground has received a coating mud. at the rate of 40 cart loads per acre, may he relied upon with perhaps more certainty for cotton, es pecially of an irregular season, than any other application. If used alone, a half bushelyor even a less quantity, should the land not be too poor, is the proper amount. For dark soils it is thought no manure an swers better, particularly if combined with marsh-mud. To corn, from one peek to a half bushel to the row, below the list, it is of greater benefit than three bushels of the best compost. — Am. Farmer. Things necessary in a Bam Yard. —Jn every barn yard, a trough.should lie provi ded,in one corner of which should be placed a large lump of chalk, that the cows may lick it. NEWS AND GA’ZETTEft PRINCIPLES and MEN. WASHINGTON, GA. THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 19, 1840. TQ CORRESPONDENTS. Wc have received a very excellent and humorous Harrison song, but as it con tains frequent allusions to one Martin Van Buren, a person once notorious, but now seldom heard of, we fear its wit scarcely be appreciated ;hy its readers at the present-.day, and, therefore, decline publishing it. t Frauds Iu Elections. . We sincerely hope',’ mW the excitement of the great'political contest has subsided, that a general effort may be made, by all parties,to prevent any future occurrence of the disgraceful attempts to defile the purity ofthe elective franchise, which, there is much evidence to prove, have been made by the adherents of both parties in many parts of the country. If these offences arc suffered to go un punished imminent danger to our institu tions is to be apprehended from them. They strike at the very root of oyr government; they poison the fountain from which flows the stream of our liberties. The senti ments of a majority of the people can no longer be known when their expression can at any time be defeated by the schemes of a minority of rogues. All then, who love, our present form of Government, should unite to prevent the perpetration of frauds in our elections, or tp discover the perpe trators and regardless of political friend ship or enmity, to inflict upon them the ut most vengeahee of the law. By what process of moral logic, men who are, in private life, honorable and upright in their dealings, can bring themselves to be lieve any baseness and knavery, justifiable in politics, we are unable to tell. To us, the guilt of defrauding the people of their privileges, seems somewhat greater thaivof’ cheating an individual of his rights, and the mode by which politicians reconcile private honor with political dishonesty is hard to understand, llie principle “of fighting the devil with fire” may be politic, but is scarcely justifiable; it is a bad excuse for one party using fraud, to plead that their, opponents do the same. To use every means to.spread information . among those who have little opportunity for acquiring it, is not only justifiable, but praiseworthy; but the dirty tricks, such as some of the Van Buren party, and we fear the Whigs too, have used in the present contest, should be reprobated’ by every one who has the wel fare of his-country at heart. i’ Some of the Van Buren prints, to account for their late astonishing defeats in this State,pretend to believe that frauds were us ed. But we will venture to affirm that in no State in this Union, is the ballot-box a more pure and full expressionof the will of the people. Tricks to influence the elec tions with us* generally originate at the North, like the notorious “ Emancipator Extra” which’is now said to have originat ed at the Globe office in Washington. Like that, such schemes fall harmless, and have no other-effect than to cast a shade of sus picion over every thing connected with the party that originates them. Murder. The Columbus Enquirer, of the 11th instant, says : .. J i. ‘ ‘ ‘I'll! -I ■ n, .■ I “ Mr. Robert Powers, an industrious and respectable mechanic, was killed in his shop yesterday, by a pistol shot from a man’ named Want, qjsp a mechanic, and, former , copartner, of Powers.” ’fhe deceased has left a wife apd.oue child, Want is commit-,, ted tojail on the charge of murder.” OCT ,os* of our subscribers, in this town, says, that he seldom gets a chance of read ing his own paper, because it has to pass through the hands of’ somte ten or twelve Democratic barrowers before it comes to him. .Os Course, we knew very well bel’fire, that almost every Democrat in town reads’ the “ News <St Gazette,” while only twoW three subscribe for it. Cos the up, gentle* tlemcn, like gentlemen, and subscribe. It is much more honest’to pay the admission fee into a show, than to be dodging - about outside,trying to steal a peep at it—ain’t it! All you, in favor of honesty, say “ Ay<£>” and subscribe; all you in favpr.ofstealing, say “ No,” apd borrow. ,~. . OiT Among the latest English inven* tions is what is called an “Aquatic Life Hat,” warranted to preserve from drown ing, provided the person wearing it can keep his head above water long enough for a boat to pick him up. ... (ptT The orange crop of Florida, this year, is said to be worth over $206.0n0