Below is the OCR text representation for this newspapers page.

gwBieBwewgp^iMi^MBIPpiwpwiiijii wm ■ foie. Leave ns to the fi(i __ tlm bourn tali of lltw»yi| and. the ad ee* of our aitliwfoti, m sro >aiji no Bu wuere i« die justice and equality »f a eystcm nf legislation winch i»to make pro vable »ii» mdratfy of (rthtwa by the tfo-"dooiesric matraficturi—trub if dm wight ,4>ur owl And b>^h.t righl ' “ i “~* 1 k “'“ _Uur*l ioJustry of the manufacturing industry o What la in»« ofci# «in«t* the whole amount of fdrel which ate titled lor ij|e ^ ^ __ Si that we arc* to ho made victims to the prosperity of otltorsl I will hern borrow uu iftnatratura,. 10 make tbia metier plain. *Rto‘toolherti States supply themselves with woollens, cotton, and Ivon, by raising ceuon, rice, and tobacco. Now, suppose weilmtihl oftchnttge aJJalo nf eohott/for • hale of coarsd woollens, for 'bo use of our slaves,'-cAtttrinine, we Will sav, 11 hundred pieces. Thl* bale hi ehtth is aura. Ilia tjra fruit of our otviSilebor. rtf Amoricdif capital, and heme .industry. We trfiy bo said to have iwitnutaeiurod il, not with tho millions of imports roreivwd in exotenge for tilt* production of 8. Carolina—and of the forty millions received in exchange fortheprodociiousof the pltuitaiitm Safes, or etieest of so much thereof as embrace the protected article*. ; 0tlr n aether a firimtd* say,, however, that {tart of ot*r cot ton nnd rice belongs to them. Bo it so. Whatever remains to ua. and is rightfully ours, J* subjected to the unequal system which I have above described. Sir, it la pur beyond ell dispute, that tho agricul tural mil miry of the south'll taxed, one- quatty, unjustly', enormously laiciL, in its spindle and ilia loom, hot with tho plough foreign exchanges, in order to render pro end tho hoe. Now, Sir, we wWt suppexo Stable the manufocturing Industry of the • that a northern manufaetbrer has, by tho upplication of nu equal amount of labor itod capital, produced * a similar balo of wttollans, of prwisely ihotomequnUtv and value. In what respect is tho muttuiactir- rer entithtdro borttgiirdoji wjth more fuvpr than' the plnutar,? Uriel the freight which wo may have paid W'diir ship owner, and the employment givop tb oavigalior'. dull* tie ns'o leas favor in tho eyes of Iho go vernment. . Are the plough and the hoc less faverdd atnsremanjt of ptodneitmt titan tho- spindlo and the loom! Perfect i.-a', y, Str, would seem to require that wo shield stand, at least, on the mate foot ing, anil that, whether those woollens wore wanted for Consumption, or for talc, they should be subjected to exactly t lie some tax. Hut how are wo treated by a just and pa ternal government, who caretb, we are • Idld, equally for all her children t Our bate of woollens is stopped nt the custdm- houfo, and forty piocos nio taken out, as a tax to the government, Whereby our stock" is reduced tesixty pieces, -whilo this bulo t of tlio manufacturer f* free front aft tnxa- (foil. If ihese articles are Wanted for oitr oWo conwtmptiefi, we elm consume but sixty pieces j while tho' manufacturer re tains liisi huaefred pieces. If the goods ate* wanted for stilt*, we have but sixty pm- jees to he converted info money, or fo ho exchanged for other cottnnodUies; while the manufacturer'buy hit bundled pieces /or the same purposes; and if we should happen to meet at the amne market, as iho Itvo arliclas must sell at the sumo price, being (if llio sunn quality, tho manufactu rer will, ol course, realist* forty per com; north. Taxed, I will not say to what or- tenli— hut precisely to the amount of the d«ty Imposed fiw prntoctioe, oud the price added,to the domestic article, whatever these flfcty be. It is suid, Sir, that the consomor pays thorax, and that the tariff Stale* pay tfieir foil proportion of tho tax dir their consumption. Sir, 1 think this may be well doubled—our habits are dif ferent. *A South Carolina farmer, whose crop is worth a thousand" dollars, sends, pet imps, the whole of it to market; and exchanges it for. foreign productions, pay ing, il 'may bo, a duty of fifty per cent, tli* tax would be five hundred dollars j the ■ mnlitern or western farmer raising f troduca to the value of a thousand dol- on, will consumo nine huiidretf of it eu his farm, and exchange but a hundred for foreign articles, end be subjected to a du ty of only fifty dollars. This, differeuco of habits between the different ports of the country, is greater than would be sup posed possible. I huvo known u wealthy planter in the. neighborhood of 'Charles ton, shat did not raise n single articlo that was hot sent to foreign markets, mid who purchased every thing that was consumed by.himself or but slaves. His cloth front England, his-winaa from France, his hor ses, mutes, and hogs* from the wc.t—his coin from Maryland—wooden were, po tatoes, and olltnr notions, Isom New Eng land ; nnd I ' assure our New England friends, that although we do tins relish all of their notions, there ate anme that wd prir.H very highly. But, air, if the con sumer did, in every case, puv tho whole a- mobnt of tho tux, and the consumption whs Miel a thy Wind It dear that we havq long h.—i ain«e passed die point at wlftch any farther redahiitsti nf twaflts could’ possibly tie ex- totted from the merchant or die mane- flmw»CH.and that every successive iu- creasp of the tax, for year* (Mat, has fal low almost exclusively upon the producer. The proof of thji is tf be found hi tlqe feel that cotton has within a feW years, been gradually foiling, until it has lost ptore limn two thirds of ijt value, and now barely pays iho expense of its product Ion, bringing down.with it the wages of «wr agricultural labor uud capital lo thb very lowest point. SomogCutlcmen insist that the Southern producer now bears nearly the whole lex, while the gentlemen on the Other aide contend that it is a maxim uni versally true' that the ** consumer pays the tax.” I am inclined to think that the truth lies lb the middle, t can certainly conceive a state of thingsin which the producer would, as such, pay nearly, the whole of she lex; but,‘except whore the lax is a very moderate one, or it imposed upon the absolute necessaries of life, it is hnpossHiio that the wliole-of the wuight could be thrown upon dm consumer, No one, surety, would Contend that /if any community w«Q> in the habit of consum ing 'fifty millions uf foreign goods, im ported duty free, thpy could afford to con sume any tiling 1'ke the' some uaiouul un der a duty of fifty per cent, if tho whole duty were added to-theprice. But tv lie tit er tho tux be in gouerul paid by the pro ducer or llm consumer, or Vo divided be tween them, (u my miud it is clear, that iu the actual condition or tiling*, the bur den falls most unjustly and uitequully on llte Southern States; 1 will illustrato this. Wo will assume that South Carolina an nually exchanges eight mjljion* of dollars' worth of cotton.Hud rice Tor tho foreign goods, paying-a duly of fifty percent, equal.to four million of dollars. Now, suppose tho coosuiiicrto pay th? whole lux, how would tho account aland 1 As sume tharno more than Ois-i^a our Im- piiiutionssre consumed *i kome, j»v ft.000.000 of 1-UT tmtpn; ad evcntlhat ishardfy ns-fin an ceuary for me to ssy, would involve tfiejTte whole South in inetrfeygbfc rttia. It Is idle for gentlenieh to pretend ibat tbe North cau ever furnish a horns market for all the cotloit'of the SourftT Twh or three hundred thousand bales is theut- very article* most highly protected ipjhis country, cottons, woollens, aud iron, •re now eoHieg hi England much htwer than they <an be obraiued here. This is ■a fact perfectly notorious to every iniport* ing merchant, eed I have abundant evi dence of it «Ow m. my hands. Here Are r _ ^ sieteinenrs shewing that such goods hove evils of this avsteoi, ltowever,1s »t ye4actmdly boon impurted within foeUsl year rnoro tliaii the planter." .Now, Sir, what; nr exact prnomiron to popuiution, cotthl Theta* at Cny per csiei.. would te 2,000,(WO Huppow two nriUioaj exchaugei) with our northern* bretfcrsn for jirah^cd articlet, tbe increased price of wtuoti would be equal lu the dutr, tbia would Ira an vqwi, aay, la a greater degcra.— growe to do iitthis dllcmt.i.if How rue wo t6 t-scapo lids onOqtt.il hurdoul ' I’ho Soil- afor from Kentucky ^Mr. Clay) on u for- ther occasion taxed hts ingenuity to pro vide us tho men >,of nscnpii j and I must presume, iliiit if). s tirgdnuiiy foiled, the case is -diogpihet without hope. 'There nYt’ ioji w .rs. safd ihe'Soltartfr.'bj' tvlrieb tha S', nt I. may he avoid' the fax. Fhst, “ ht/ abstaining jr<m* the purchase nf the foreign articles." lint, Sir, wo cannqt do without them ; an>l lltia tradri, moreover, furnishes tho only market for our.produc tions. To adopt this alternative,' would ho tn seal our ruin. Secondly, said the gon'loman, “ employ the rival American fabricBut, Sir, if the manofactoror would toko our co'ton- In exchange for Iris productions, (which ho cannot Jo, except to a very limited extent,) wo should pny os heavy n tax in the price of the domes tic, as in tho ditty on the foreign fabric ; for bo one will prbtend, that if tito quali ty be the same, there would any differ ence of price iu the American market.— Thrdte, " manufacture for owtctccs." Sir, wo cannot manufuetttru. Except as to n few coarse articles, slave labor ta ut- toily incapable of being applied lo such nu obji-ri. Slaves nre too improvident, tod in- can .Me of that minute,conitnnt,delicate si te oit,and that persevering industry, which lx f .vM'iitiiil fo the success of manaltcturing establishments. It was but the othsr day that some of our New England biothren gotU into thuit heads that they understood our ionitution*.better than wo did our selves, aqd undertook to create a splendid manufacturing establishment in tho district represented by my distinguished and val ued {rived, (Mr. McDuffie.) It was tf cording!y put into operntiott, but had gone on but a short tunc, when one of tlieslnvya' was tempted to make free with the gogdt,' and, to prevent' detectiqn, burnt up the wholu cstabiishrthvti. If might be xup> f iowd, Sir, that the people of South Caro, ma wo«ld nut have boon inclined.tc pun ilh aiifh an offence with grout afcvn ity; and ifthc culpsi, find os«ipod, 'I'presume we should.«ot soon have hoard, the end oifit. Not so, Sir, however. We liqve a law which punishes nr ton, whether corawittad by « black, or i White bun, with death.— The offrndoi wax biongliuo trial,and being convicted on the dearest proof, suffeied the peonlty of the jaw. And, Sir, to show how little justice is sontetimes moled out to tho South, I will state the fact, that since I arrived here, 1 ’have seuu an ac- count of this transaction in prim, headed, with large capitals, “ Cruelty to slaves," atid representing that a pour innocent ne gro h td recently boon fharged in South Caroliqs, for burning down u-building hy accident, f think. Sic, the gentleman will now hunself admit, (hat, to. embrace this proposition, wo,aid only be, to use an pld adage, "jumping oat of the frying pan into the disc*' The last remedy suggest ed by tho gentleman, is, that we should •t supply ourselves with household iniuui- tortures." What, Sir, give up -our for- qign trade! Abandon our agricultural pursuit*, and involve tho whole souihern .coontry In desolation and ruint Are we r ^ ia be driven from tbepursuit* ofuur choice Nfie iradehy'readeriogit unprofitable'"ohll in or lei to promote the .industry of the concerned. Sir, there may be’ o differ- xxMtnut ..cvurmrsT cure of opiniooas to the point to which Tits cose which I have *tatod, of tiie I we have now arrived ih the' progress of hale of woollens, tlluttrafe* ilie unequal [ this ivatem; (for let ft be remembered Operation ol this system upon tho ngri- jihnt tho system is stili fragressing ;) but gornh men even then fail to aeu the wolo difference in die operatiun of ihe protect ing ayatom oil the two seriions, when they consider that the tariff Stales are remu nerated; and morn than remmiHinind, for any mx which they may pay, in the boun ties they receive, while we receive no re muneration whatever. It' this ho doubt ed, I will apply n teat, winch, I think, cannot iinaaihly deceive ua. Do our New -England btVihren not understand tlieir own mterest ? Do you think, Sir, thnt tbev would be very apt to fall inlovo with taxation and court the impositions of bur thens I ' How comes it, then, that they have been taught to believe that “ taxa tion is no tyr.yiny," hut on the contrary, the greatest of earthly blessings?- Why itlVlhnl they would regard a* tho heavi est of calamities, ifio redaction of the public burthens ? It it not chair,-then, that they regard tho duties Us a bounty- to their industry, And that they know that they have the power to indemnify thorn selves for nil limy pny in duties. ..But, Sir, there is another view of this matter which demonstrates, 1 think, still more plainly the inequality of the system. I allude to Its eflbrt upon the peoplo of the. south, as producers of the articles which are exchanged for foreign commo dities. There Ofe very. • nble men, Sir, who have undertaken to prove that-we suffer from tbts aystem chiefly in onr char acter ns producers. To my mind'it is morally certain thnt the people of the Snath either aa produces or consumers, support n burthen nearly', if not entirely, equal to Hie whtilo amount of the t»x levied On their importations. The pre- Oisc manner in which ihj* operates, is a problem not ao easy of solution. 1 will endeavor to explain, however, very brief ly, my conception of ihp process. ’ ‘ Wo will rapposo a perfectly 'freo trade to bn cat ril'd on between the Soutltero States and Great Bi imm—iftat is to soy, that the nrtich s an both side* were admit ted, duty free. In this state of things, n progressive Ids, 4 equal to flvP pef cenr. per annum, isintposodoh British manufactures for the protection Of our out). The first doty of five per cent, wimld ’doublless, bu added to the price. "Before this progrea- xive duty'had advanced niany steps, how- over. the period would arrive tvheh no sd- ditinual charge cOnld be 'ittstained by the consuntar without e reduction of his con sumption. Tho next flvo per corn, then imposed, would have to be sustained by the merchant, or tho foreign manufacturer, or the producer of iho cotton, not! wo'uhi most probably bo divided Among them. In B»s manner, ns tho ayatom' progressed, the profits of tho merchant would bo re duced to the lowest scale; those of tho manufacturer would also bc brouglit down, end the Southern producer would, in-his turn, fie compelled to submit to a redtie- lion in the prlco of his productions. Each successive * f ep in the further progress of the system would sink lower and lower •he |M-ice «f hit cotton, until it sms redo- txd to the very lowest sum that wotrid flay the oxpenseuf its production. Theve- rr next step most, ol course, annihilate 1,000,000 Making 93,000,000 THo remaining two millions' being ex changed for unprotected articles, u tax Ot ono million would lib paid on the con- sumption by our northern ' mid western brethren. From this state of iho cosh it wou|d foituW, thin if tlic com ugter pays tlio whole lex, wo would pay h* consum er* thren millions out of these four im posed upon the foreign articles received in exchange for our produclions, though we should consume only half of them But if we take it fur grunted that tlio tux cHitnoi bo added lo thi price, we would of course get buck no part of the duties paid at the custom house.; arid in itial case we should bear lira whole burthen. It lias been said that the duties on imported articles tall chiefly an tlte merchant and the foreign mauulit'ctuier; but I ltold this to bn Impossible, for sorely two or three per cent, is the utmost reduction.that can be made from the profits of the merchant, Mid not much mure could bo taken off from those of the manufacturer. Indeed, how could ft bo expected that the Ameri can demand for British innuufactui'ei would muierially affect their price, when imMnoMvpiotiiildy, than a twentieth part of the whole finds a murker in this coun try? Il is oil the American producer, therefote, ilint this sax must chiefly fall. Sir, the duties upon imports nfe hither paid hy the consumer nr they ui'e not.. If they nru paid by him, I have shown that Iho far greater portion of the duties on tlio goods received in exchange for oitr! cotton falls upon tho planter, aud that lor this hr receives'no. remuneration whatev er. If the duties Sic not paid by the cqn- Mimer—.that is to .nay, if they are not ad- ■led to the price—-then il is manifest that tho whole amount nf duties falls ujrao tis without the possibility of relieving our selves from ilfly pm t of the burthen. As (n the pupnlar notion* that alt consoufiers most pay equally, I will ask any 'geiiilo- m ill to tell me how it -ia-witli those who consume the tar? Hero is a tax of six teen millions imposed directly or indirect ly upon Southern production. ' Fourteen millions of tins amount are transferred to the north, and there consumed. Are the. consumers of these fourteen millions tax ed on .their consumption paid ea highly.its those tvho have the whole amount ? Sir, ! have done with this branch of the subject. Great as at* the present evils of the system to the smith there tile great er atil!—in prospect. We are seriously threatened with the entiroloss of the for eign markets for onr productions. All (rude is hat an exchange of equivalents, Ritd is founded on the iiiaxiinnf "give and take." If you nxrluUn British goods Trout-our market, you, in effect, exclude our cottmt from their markets. It is in vain to tell its that England must have our cotton. You may force her to do without it. Evoiijnow she supplies her- sell, to a groat extent, flora other coun tries: front her East India possessions, Egypt. Bruxil, and' elsewhere.! and you wiil make it tier interest, hi-the end, lo give up the American trude entirely.— Even now she U looking to this as n possi ble event. You find her encouraging'lira production of cotton in the East Indies, hy • discriminating duty to which you have forced her, aud stimulating the pro duction of tho article in South America, where she is furnished with w ifcarket for Iter manufacturers, almost duty free. Can wo, then, he blind to the fate that awaits utwhen the American System shall be consummated, and we shalt-hwcut dff from n market of seven hundred thousand bales most extent to.w.Ujch ate could find a mar ket in that quorter. Tha catalogue ol the completed. It is not merely .the mischief it boa done, aud life still greeter evils which it tbreateqs, hqt it has arrested our- mat ch to greatness, and prevented da from fulfHltag ourtiigti deitiuiea.' Wliitt'would hove bean tho condition of, this country now, if wu. had nfiver benn deprived of ;ho blessings tit freo (rode I Why ts it that our tonnage and our expert* have not grown with onr growth, trad strengthened with our strength ? jt- is ImCAttse oar pros perity ha* been blasted fay tiie restrictive system. Look, Sir,-at this picture, in 1810, with a population of seven millions, We had a tonnage of one million fourhon- drud thousand. Iu 1831, with-a- popula lion of thirteen ifrittimu, our tonnage is reduced to one million two' trondrcd thou sand ; nnd, going still further hack, in tho year 1800, our imports amounted weigh-. tv-one millions, wiiile now, witka popu- lutiira ol' thirteen millions, our exports are reduced to.seventy-two millions. Thus, while onr population.Iras increns ed ne-arly threefold, ode foreign commerce has not adviinct'd at all. Sir, if Wash ington's free trade system hod- continued unto 'his day, for bo it remembered thul Alexander Hamilton’s protacting system was essentiMlIy a system of free trade, im posing duties only of front five to'seven nnd a Its)f per coot, can it be doubted that we should now have hitd a touoags of two iurllioti* and a half'and that onr exports would havn amounted to one hun dred and fff-v millions. I am (old that Of.i of tiie ablest- financiers in this coun try has recently declared that he shquld consider an average duty of twelve or fif teen per cent, ad valorem, ns iatnjndnntly sufficient for all the purposes of revenue ; and that, under such tt system, our imports and exports would, in bis opinion, exceed a hundred millions of dollars the very first year. 1 know, Mr. President, that it litis sometimes been said that the evil* under which the south is suffering irriso fram the over-production of rotten ; but this is not so. Cotton is an article, tho production of. which cannot be overtjone, ^It. is the cheapest of all known raw materials. It ia last- superceding silk, wool, hemp; nnd flax, all over the world.’ -As a proof of this, I will advert to the fartythat, during a pnriod, iu England, when her woollen mtmufiictures advanced From five millions of pounds sterling to six, the cotton man ufactures progressed from one million to more than thirty. If yon would take off your duties, and throw open to us the mark ets of the •* orld, American cottons would, to a great extant, supersede all others, and we should find a market, itol for one, hut for two_ millions of bales. Tlte whole South would then, indeed, become a "gar den spot." But it is insisted bv iheeupport- ers of the protecting system, that ita only effect is to make our goods come cheaper. Sir, if this were true, ( will venture to as sort, that -the manufacturers themselves would be the very first to abandon the system. Their object, certainly, is not to lessen, but to increase their prices. Even if this were tiie case, however, I am una ble la discover how the cotton planter could be compensated for lira loss of his -market. How is this supposed reduction tp be brought about? By competition, »av the geutlemeu, between the British and the American mauufaetuter.. But if ft ia com petition that is to produce this reduction of prices, the manufacturer, on both sides, must be piut oq an equal footing. Wliat sort of competition is that which is foun ded on a discrimjiiatroiyof fifty per eedt. iu favor of one of the parlies—and if, in spile ofxudh a discrimination, the contest can be niamiamod at all, is it not, by that fact, put beyond dispute, thnt but- for the tax, the pripos would be still farther re duced? Gentlemen take it fur grunted that the competition, among the foreign manufacturer* ia not sufficiently great to reduce tho price to tbe very lowest rata.— in • Philadelphia, New York, and else where, am} after paying -duties of from 30 .1* at-100 fraHseilt. have been sold as loW- as the demaatia manufacture, Sir, f ascer tained, before 1 raft Abate, that the whole quantity -of cotton goods imported-into Charleston -during tne latt your paid an average duty ol fifty per cent, tttd then they were void as low •« American cot tons nf the same quality. Bdt f am real ly ashamed to iiiguc a question so self-evi dent. How can taxes posiibiy lessen prices? Hew can prelection diminish the cost of production? . Wltttt are the ■efe- menu of price? Are.they not the edit of the raw material—tbe wage* of labor— and the interest of tapital? and bow corf these be lessened by a tax -on (he article f To say soi ls tb teversp all the rides of proportion. GeutlemOn might »» (tell contend that two added lo five make three, us that fifty per cent, added tn the coat of an imported article, lessens its-price (f ? ;enllem»n can believe this, they mby be- iove any thing. . But tho truth i«, Mr. more anti oil ft* machinery. k» .but another and • desperate offort of the federal party, to got into powor. Will any man step forward aud say that John Sergeant Is not a Federaliat—- will any one deny that ho was th« fast frieod and co adjutor of Ru fus King, by whom the Mittsouri quesiiou# was got up to coyer it struggle for power? and yet the national republican conven tion, with tames Barbour at their bead, have nominated (hit man for vice presi dent’ The people cannot, will not re spond to the nomination, and if Mr., Ser geant hopex to reach ihe racond office in tfte goverument he will find .-himself o» milch at fault as when, he went in search of that Will-o.-therwisp the Panama con-' gross.-*-- Georgia, Constitutionsdist, , The Liberator.—e should not ygafo notice this publication but for this purpose nf showing -tlra. principle or ratlrar the waat. of principle with which its editor acts. He lias recently published several letters, purporting 10 ha frotndti* place'; bearing lira strong marks.eftheir.being in- tended as a hoax on him, aud detailing cir- cutnsi auces, highly ludicrous where the piidtics named ih them are known, lu his thsf paperis.one that surpasses any tbiug of tha kind we have teen, and istruly laugh able to all who are acquainted with tho dtamatus petsonen exhibited. They, are, in fuel, no other than a venerable waggou- er, dignified with the title of Judge, and President, this whole matter of (ho re- janitdry curprits, witnesses, lawyers, &<:. ductlon io-litn price of goods is very ea sily explatued. It depeuds oil general cause*, which beam operated to a detain extent all over iho WoiliL' From a tho rough investigaittMr of the auhjeet, winch has ta.ltan place iu Great Britain, ft is found toliave resulted from the tqqn cc'w- tionof the currency, improvemotits in ma- chiuery, and the getfotul restoration of peace. Tho resutiipliolt uf specie pay ments, and lira diminished supply ol tlte precious muttils, is calculated to have lea- j sened tbe.circulaftng lirodiitni' lo ihe a- mount of uiiw-fd- ot $500,000,000.— Tiw- effect oT this single cause Ims been, 'Within the lust ten yeurs, tint reduction of prices in that country-to lira amount of thirty-five per-cent, to which fift een-per cent, may be uddad for tire other causes above mentioned—making in the whole n'reduction of almost fifty per cent, in the money price of «1l jiritcfos. Tho somo thing has takeu place in this country, and, therefore, when gentlemen allege that the price of manufactures has tullco, the ita I hey even (oil us of coiUhiuntjona among them lo keep up their (trices. Sir, such combinmiona are utterly impossible. How are the manufacturer^/ - iron, ia Sweden, Russia,and England,^phe cotton, and silk manufacturers of France, to enter into a onubmqtiott? The thing is ridiculous; No, Sir, if the duties worn taken off, lira pri ces of goods would be reduced to their mitiiaHim, and much lower than they are now tnthis country, and it is for this reason, and this only, that the manufacturer* ore piotesiiiig nguinst it. But, Sir, where is the evidence fo he found that the-tariff has produced aay reduction whatever, iu lira price of tbe protected articles. Is there buy oilier foundation for the assertion than this: than the prices of cottons,Woollens, and iron, have actually fallen since 1824 ? But all other articles have likewise fallen, pfofectnd and -unprotected. Real Mid personal estate, cotton, flour, end tolrac co, all—all linvQ gone down, and most of them have fallen<in a much greater degree ibun woollens, cottons, and iron. Has tho tariff done all this? What say the gen tlemen? I have here a price current con taining tbe price* of 250 articles. In 1816 nnd 1831. From this it appeets that there has been au universal reduction in the price of articles of every description, and that those admitted duty free have been reduced, at least, ia an equal rntiewith those paying duties. Indeed, Sir, I think that n careful examination of this table will shew, that reduction in (he protected articles lias not been so groat at in the others. But tho reduction has not been confined to this -country. It .h*s taken place in England, and all over the world ked f ict rftoves nothing, unless (bey can patliy. all of tho canine class, such' a* fice-dogs, bid!-dogs, bounds, and “ curs of low de gree," all welt known about our streets and one reverend gentleman, ou whom the Iftle "sits more loosely," than that of pub lican. Two of these unfortunate animals, (tratixformed into nttm by the loiter) arc about to be executed in the vicinity dt Macon, tor. n quarrel about their sweet- httart. The fetter is, undoubtedly, foun ded on a dog-fight that excited some ntti-n- ticm [roompugilistic amateurs, which oe- etttred in our signets, and is, the wot kef *Jnm mischievous wag. The q'her letters published 'iiCthe Liberator, such as tho martyrdom uf John Lumb, for subscribing to that paper, dee. have no better founda tion In .truth. The unfortunate fulu of our poor dogs, ant? poor John Lamb, has no doubt excited deep commiseration from friend* of his own caste. A militia Cap tain whom lie has represented as hewing' some slaves to pieces with his sword has also received his measure of execration, and Ins poor victims their share of sym- sltow that they have fallen in a greater de gree than other articles in this country, and similar nrricles abroad. But this it ao far from being the fact, that the truth is, that the protected articles luive fallen less in proportion tltun those which receive no protection. C.olton is a. striking example, which lias, in a few years, .lallen to one third of its valuo, whilo no ptotocted ar ticle bus, in tbq same period, fallen ono hulf. I trust, Sir, that we have now made out our case; that we have shown the unjust nnd unequal operation, in every poiut of view, of this system, and that, us far as the South is concerned, uud the West also, though not in the same degree, it is iiirunmiiigated system of burdens. And even with regard to the fuvoted section, Although we cannot commend the ptccr tiewbf writing such letters, yet we hope that good may thi3 time be dorived from it, hy unmasking the villain that will pub lish any tiling that comes in his way, with out the least assurance of its truth. And also, that it may deter more respectable Editors from copying, as some of them have done, similar |K!i versions of facts, front his polluted columns. Wo regret that Legislative enactments have ever been made to put down that paper. An exposition of its recklessness of the truth has sufficiently marked it as an object for ridicule, and will consign it to that con* tempt which is its only desert. Macon Messenger, . Ptolemy T. Harris, Esq. has been clio- 1 would submit, how for il is wt?o to in-1 sen bv the Legislature ofAlabama Judro k'tat lit trail a cuotem .ut.iol. .wn Iw. ! P* . i at "» r. ... b sist upon a system which can only be maintained at the expense of other sec tions. Sir, I feel too much confidence in thn justice aud magnanimity uf o.tr Norlh- oftlra First, and lienlm G. Perry, Esq. Jadgeofthe second Judicial Circuit.— Tiie Legislature ttlso selected Montgom ery as the location of iho Biranch Bank el ern brethren, to suffer myse.f to doubt j the State, John Gindral, F.sq. was chosen theft willingness to abandon this system, if they could srtw it iu the light wo do. - It may enrich them for the moment, but the Prcsitlcnt, nnd the following gentlemen Directors: C. F. Pollard, John W. Free man, Bcmtjali S. Bibb, Samuel Halt, prosperity it create* is attffichtl. and wilt George Whitman, William Falkr.cr Wil- asturediy be unsubstantial. No cOOutiy ; liuni Sayro, William D. Pfokett, Daniel can be permanently benefitted by « sys-1 Carpenter, Tbntnas Brown, Bushrod W. tem of bounties. This system may do- j Bell, Charles Lycaa. A bill was passed stroy the South, hut it will not poi tniuieut- incorporatlug Hie Tennessee and Alabama ly advance the prosperity of the North. } Rail Road-Companv, the 20.h section of It may depress us, but cannot elevate j wlricli declared ilie charter forfeited if tbev them. ' Besides, Sir, il persevered in; it must annihilate that portion of (lie couii- ti'y from which the resources me.to bo drawn, that ere to' enrich the Northern. iiMnulucturorf. And it may be well for gentlemen fo reflect, whether adhering lo this policy, would trot bn acting liko the man tvlm “ killed tbe goose which laid the goldou eggs." Let gentlemen be as sured, that ibis is a system which cannot possibly last. It will, sooner or biter, be Utterly overthrown. Would ft not be well, therefore, for them to seize lltia favorable occasion to make some sacrifice of their peculiar interests to the general welfare ? I To hi concluded next tcccl: ) " The tree is known by its fruit.— Is it not surprising that of all the stutoamen, great and small, in this wide union, John Sergeant, of Philadelphia, should, have been selected to .guue cheek by jowl with Mr. Clay through tha presidential. applied to.and received aid from the Gen eral Government.—Aug. Cour. Iu tho Legislative Council of Florida, resolution* have ItVrta reported requesting the Seriate ol tlte* United States to reject the nomination of Win. P DuvaJ, us Governor of that Territory. Tho Senators who voted for confn mine Alt.. Vat* Buren’s nominal ion were: Messts. Benton, Blown, Buckner, Dal las, Dickerson, Dudley, Ellis, Forsyth, Glumly, Hendricks, Hill, Kami, King, MattgUm, Mjircy, Robinson, Smith, Tazn- woU, Tipton,Troup, Ttier, White, Wil kins. . Those who voted for tho negative are: •Messrs. Bell, Chambers, Clay, Clay ton, Ewing, Foot, Frelinghuysen, ilaytie, Holmes, Jobnstou, Ktiighl, Miller, Moore, Nnudfttra, Poindexter, Robbins, Ruggles. Seymour, Silshee, Sprague,' Tomlinson, contest? John Sergeant—un old nnd con-' Waggaman,}Webster, firmed federalist—a Missouri restriction- ] The Somite being equally divided tho At—pwbaps w* might wul. truth add—ap | Vice-President deter mined the question abolitionist—this is rho man who is to he j in the negative, hitched to Mr. Clay's skirls mid to slmrc with him the perils nnd the successes of the conflict!—If hi*do not proves dead weight upon the nationals it will be wonderful in deed! Mr. Barbour may make inflated speeches mid will) Iris posse cunilatus (»y visits to the vetternblo Charles Carroll- he may bestow all hit grace* and glosses upon the convention and its proceedings —for he is tho ve»y man for pageant— Air. Clay loo may exert all fail tact, aud throwing off the character of an ardent as pirant with humble modesty, scarcely von- turtvjo accept a nomination which had been batter bestowed upoq eon more wor thy than himself—-the national republican convention may issue its buHs to the na tion—no art^no stratagem, no eloquence, no plausibility can ronce l from tha oeo- ..U r„, ,L_. .1 ■ ... ' . rT . . It will lie observed that the two Geor gia Senators voted for the confirmation, mid lira two S. Carolina Senators ugaiust it. W’c understand that letters have been rccoived in this city, announcing iho ap pointment by the President, with the con sent of lira Scuafe, of Hugh S. Legarc, Lsq. us Charge d'Affaira jit Belgium. The Danth of Pope Pius 8Hi is among the items of foreign nows. Il« died on thpJOlh December. ’ pie tho fact— thatthocouvoDtioo ai Haiti- 'of 1816." Tho Richmond Entjuirtr says—“ We understand a loiter is in this city from n member of Congress from Virginia; sta ting that from present appcarauces tho tar iff ia likely to acitto down to tho standard