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s, liter# would have hi-M | peftple trf ilia U. Slates should so require.
{cur .noiivcs for embarrassing the cxec-
inivc action, and for interrupting an im
portant foreign negotiation-
I cuii never he led 10 doubt, that, in the
instruction* tinderVhicIt ilia' negotiation
r , luiTa to the trade with the-British Wnsi
Indio* teas condoned, and successfully
concluded, the people of the U. State*
ivHI find nothing either derogatory to the
national d'g'-t JUtMMl honor, or improper
or such an occasion.
'(’hose pari* of tho instruction* which
have been used to justify tho rejection of
pf Mr. Van Btircti’* nomination by the
S.suaie of the United State*, proceeded'
front my own suggestion: were there
tl ,|t of my own . clibcroto investigation
And reflection i and now, ns when they
were dtcMufad, appear to me to be entire
ly proper ac'I consonant to my public duly.
I fuel, gm.'leirten, that I ant incapable
«r tarnishing the’ or dignity of ilmi
couwiry, whose glOh^* in Mu* field and
in tlie civil admiu!*trai.' 0,, i ’* * m * been my
object to elovato: and ( k' 0 ' i ,9S1, red that
the edited atlitudo which t" American
people maintain abroad, and thn orosper-
l*y with tsrlliclt they ate blessed at >inl> '
lidlv attest that their honor and linppiu"®**
have been unsullied hi my hands.
\ narttcipation in the trade with tho
British Wu?‘ India Islands, upon forms
mutually sati.ficlory to tho United States
nttd Orem Britain, had been an object of
cnnsnint snlieitnde with our government
from its origin. Duringiise long and vet
atiott* history of this snhpict, various pro-
posit ions luitl been made with lib: partial
success; and in the administration of tr>V
immedinie predecessor, morn thnn one at
tempt .to adjust it hail ended in u total in
terruption of tho trade,
Tho acknowledged importance of this
branch of trade, tho influence it was be
lieved to have had in llm elections which
teiniiuatoii in the change of the ml min is
•ration, and the general cxpoclutlun on
the part of the people, that renewed ef
forts, on frank uttd decisive grounds, niiuht
be successfully made to recover it, im
posed upon tne tho duty of undertaking
the task.
Rocoutly, however, Great Britain had
more titan once declined renewing the
negotiation, and placed her refusal upon
objections which site thought proper to
lako to llto manner of our previous nego
tiation, und to claims which had at vurious
time* been made upon tliu part of our go
vernment.
The American Government, notwith
standing, continued its eflbrts to obtain n
participation in tho trade. It wavied the
claim* at first insiatod upon, as well us llto
objection in llto imposition by Great Brit
ain uf higher duties upon the protlucu of
tho Uoilud Stales, when imported into the
West Indies, than upon tho produce of her
own possessions, which objection had befit
taken in 1819 in a dc*putch uf the then
Secretary of State
A narlicipitioil in the trade with the
British West India Islands could not have
bven, at uuv time, demanded as a t'glii:
any mmo than to that to the British Eu
ropean ports. In the posimu ot affair*
already adverted to, therefore, the. Ex
ecu!ne could ask nothing more lli ut to be
permitted to engage in it upon the terms
unsettled to bv his predecessor, an i which
were tint same us those previously offered
by Great Britain herself, E\cu these
had been denied to llto late idmitiisira
tion, and for reasons arising front the views
omertaineil by the Biiitsit Gove-imient ol
our conduct m the past negotiations.
It was foreseen that* tins refusal might
ba repeated, and on the same grounds.
When it became the duty of the Execu
tive, rather than disappoint the expecta
tions of the people, and wholly abandon
tho trade, to continue tho application, n
was proper to meet the objection to-the
past nets of tho American administration,
which objection, as bad been .foieseen,
was actually made, and for aomo time in
sisted upon.
It is undoubtedly the duly of all to sus
tain, by an undivided and patriotic front,
the action of the constituted ai.'ihorilios
towards foreign nations; and this duly
requires, that during the continuance uf
an administration in oflh-o, nothing should
be done to embarrass the Executive in-
tercoutse in .its foreign policy, unleu upon
n conviction that it is erieiieous. A tho
rough change in the administration, how
ever, raises up other authorities of equal
dignity, and equally entitled to respect:
ttltrt HO Open adoption of n different coarse
implies no separation of tho different purls
of tho government: uor does an adniis-
siou of the inexpedioncy or impractica
bility uf previous demands imply any
want of raspeit fur those who may have
mainland! them.
To defend tho claims or pretensions,
as thoy had been indiscriminately called,
on cititor side, in the previous correspon
dence, which had hern for a time urged
Ity tho late administration, would have
be- n to defend wltat that administration,
hy waiving them, bad admitted to be tut
(enable; and if that which bail been by
them conceded to bti inexpedient, could
OH lie sustained as propnr, I perceive no
thing derogatory, and surely nothing wrong,
in conducting 'ho negotiation upon the
common and established principle, that in
a change of administration there may he
a cot responding change in the policy and
counsel* of the government. This prin
ciple exist*, and is acted upon, in the di
plomatic and public transactions of all
nations. The fact of its existence in the
recant change of thn administration of
the American government, was ns notori
ous at the circulation of tho Amerirnn
press could in ke it; and while its influ
ence upon die policy of foreign nit tons
was both Ha'urol and reasonable, it was
Such was the motive, and such and no*
thing more, is tho trite import of tire hi.,.
stritciions taken as a whole, which I di
rected to be given to oar minister at Lon
don, and which neither expressed nor im
plied condemnation of the government ut
tint U. States, nor of the late administra
tion, further than had been implied by
iheir own nets end admissions,
1 could not reconcile it to my souse of
public duty, or of national dignity, that
tho United States should sufler continued
injury or injustice, because a foi liter nd-
minivlration had insisted upon terms which
it had subsequently waived, or had failed
seasonably to accept an offer which it had
afterwards been willing to embrace. The
conduct of previous administrations was
not to Im discussed either for censure or
defence; and only in case “ the omission
of this government to accept of the terms
proposed when Iteretoforeoffured,” should
“bo urged as an objection now,” it was
made the duty of tlie minister “to make
thn British government sensible of the in
justice and inexpediency of such a course.”
Both the right und me propriety of
setting op the past act* of previous ad
ministrations to justify the exclusion ol
the United States fioni a trade allowed 10
h> 'f other nations, was distinctly denied;
und .«instructions authorized the minis
ter to s. *bal such a course towards the
United S w a.‘c* '* un, l er existing circum
stances, wot, be unjust in itself, and
could not fail to c -’ cilt ‘ ,he •Ni
hility-the tone ot' t iling which a course
so Unwise and untenni.'j* calculated to
produce, would doubtlos.* E rna, '> eg -
graveled hy the consciousm. s * l *' Kl ® ieH j
Britain has, liy orders in coun. 'd, opened
her colonial ports to Russia and France,
notwidistiuidint: a similar omission on , " t ‘ r
pin t to accept the terms offered by the
of the hilt July, 1825 j"—he was loin
that liu “could jtof press this view of the
subjucl too earnestly upon lite consider
ation uf the British artistry;” nttd the
prejudicial influence of a t'oursn on tlie
part of thu British government so unwise
and unjust upon tho future relations of the
two countries, was clearly announced in
the declaration llmt “it lias hearings am.’
relations that reach beyoud the imme
diate question under discussion.”
If the British government should de
cline un arning'-inont “on the ground of
u change of opinion, or in order to pro
mote her own interests," a piompt avow
al of that purpose was demanded; but it
they should not he prepared to take that
ground, “but suffer themselves to desire
that tho United State* should, in expia
tion of supposed past encroachments, he
driven to tho necessity of rulruclmg then
legislative steps without knowledge uf i.s
effect, and wholly dependent upon the in
dulgence of Great Britain,” they were
to be made sensthlo of the impracticabil
ity of that course, and to be luugltt tu ( ex
pect such measures on our part as would
vindicate our national taieiest and honor.
To miiiouuce distinctly to Great Britain
tnut we would not submit to u continued
injustice, on tlie ground of any objection
to too pas 1 conduct of the American go
vern men;, whether it wete right or wrong,
was tlie obvious import of the whole m-
snoi nous.
I tlie Executive had caused it to bo
slated to Great Britain, that finding Ills
predecessors to Ituve been in etror, as was
impin' hy subsequently waiving the terms
bey hail advocated, amt bad, in expiation
u! these errors, abandoned tlie trade to the
pleasure ol - he British government, the in
luresis ot tliu U uned Slates would have
sufTmua, amt then honor been reproached;
but in excluding melt considerations, as
inappropriate and unjust, and to clem I \
avowing his purpose not to submit to sticlt
tieatuiem, he hoped to promolu the in
terests of his fellow citizen*, and sustain
tile honor und dignity oflits country.
In all this gentlemen, I have the ap
probation of my judgement and conscience.
Acting upon tlie principle, early uiiiiqtin-
ced, of asking nothing but what is right,
and submitting to nothing that is wrong, I
ask that only of which the justice could not
he deuted. i ask a participation in the
trade, > upon terms just to the United
States, und uiutuully advantageous to both
countries. I directed o simple and dis
tinct proposition, in conformity with these
principles, IP he submitted to tbe British
government; ana .resolving to bo contem
with mulling loss, I ultimately arranged
the trade upou llto basis of that proposi
tion, without retraction, modification ot
cbttngo. If the national honor had not
been thought tarnished hy retracting out
stops, by claiming more nttd ultimately
consenting to take less, and in fact obtain -
me nothing; ! feel assured, that ip,requi
ring that which my predecossors had con
ceded to be enough, and obtuinng all tit
wus.demanded, my countrymen will see
no statu upon their dignity, their pride oi
their honor.
It I requited greater satisfaction than
I derive Iron) a review ol this subject, I
should find it in the gratitude I feel If
ih" success which has crowned my effort-.
I sh ill always possess the gratifying re
collection, that I have not disappoint
the expectations pi my countrymen, wh
under mi arrangement depending for its
ncrlormunce upon our own wisdom, an
participating in a valuable tradu u;>oi
terms more advaatageoiis'Utau thoso whirl
tlie illustrious Father of his Country « as
willing to accept; upon terms as favnrnlih
is those which regulate the trade und.-i
nnr conventions with Great Britain, aud
which have been sought without success
from the earliest period* of out history.
I pray you. gentlemen, to present to the
republican members of the legi*|aiuie of
New York, and to accept for yourselvr
individually, the assurances of my high.
MISCELLANEOUS.
GOVERNOR TROUP.
We arc indebted to die Georgia Journ
al, tor llto following letter from its esn-
mablo author:
IVtluaglon, fit* March, 1832.
Dear Situ—- I be people ol Georgia
will receive with indignant feelings, as they
ought,- the recent decuiou of the Supreme
Court, so flagrantly violative of thoir sov
ereign rights, I hope the people will
treat it however, as becomes them, with
moderation, dignity nod fnmttess; and so
Keating it Georgia will be unhurt hy wltat
will pruve to be a brutum fulmen. The
Judges know you will not yieldobedience
to t Iteir mandates, aud they may desire
pretexts for lire enfoicemcm of (hem,
wlticli I trust you will mu give. The
Chief Magistrate of the United Stales,
will pertorm nil his Constitutional du
ties: hut lie will not lend himself to party
to perform more. Ho will, if 1 mistake
not, dclend tile sovereignty of the Suites
as he would the sovereignly of the Uoiun:
and if the blow he aimed equally at film
and at us, it would bo uitgeaoious, by
on improvident act of ours, to make
biin tlie victim of the common euetny.—
Tbe jurisdiction claimed over one purlieu
of our population may very soon be assert
ed over another; and ip both cases they
will he sustained by the fauatucs of the
North—vory soon therefore, things must
come to their worst; and if in the last re
sort we n'eod defenders, we will find them
every where among the lionost men of the
country, whom a just and wise conduct
will rally to our Uunaor; for (he rest tvo
euro nothing. »
Dear Sirs, very respectfully yours,
G. M. TUOIT.
proper, according to my inm- of duty, wst regard and consideration,
frankly to avow it, if the interests of tliej ANDREIV J ACKSOX.
GEORGIA QUESTION.
There is nnscliiefbi owing,
Thu Supreme Coottltasdecidedagainst
the ?*“l° °f Georgia—and the blow was
follow.. -•* ll i’ * n ** ,e House «f Rcpiesentn-
livcs bv >f -Memorial, presented by Mr.
Adams fiom ' ho Ci| y of York . *>"
rhe subject of ,th> two Missionaries, con
fined in llm Punt, tOfinry.
The Decision ot .1 « ou| t is uhrn. It
£00* the whole again.’* Right* 0l| d
Sovereignty -of the States - I* n,ust star *
tie every man, wlm is for pi.<*fl*' v b , ff 10 I* 113
Stale Governments all the pa wi'ts which
tiuvo been reserved to them. 1 .htf power
now claimed by the United Stats * O ver
the territory of ilia State of Georgiu l '.atf <31
granted by tho Constitution. It giv , ‘ s
Congress' the power to regulate trade with
the Indian Vibes—und nothing more.—
It is not believed, that Georgia will sttb-
mit to llto dacwiton—and that when it i*
certified to her .State Court, they will take
mi account of it. Wbat then! Will the
Supreme Court be s.' infatuated us toper-
severe, and issue' furl her ^m'cess tm lie case?
Tho Memorial laid hefo.0 i.*>0 House of
Kt'presnmAtrt&s on Monday', tlmOttm* to
cull up itnotliei Missouri Question. Th*
excitement produced on the very presbit-
talionof i, whs alarming.
The motion to lay this memorial on
the table w is lost, by 91 to 92. Some of
Utt Southern gentlemen mere not in their
scats. If-they Ibid been, the question
would have been carried against the ngi-
ators.—Rich, Entj.
The correspondent at Washington of
the N. Y. Commercial states that none of
the Georgiu Delegation were present at
tho decision of the Supreme Court, and
seetnod peifectly indifferent about it. Ho
says further—
" Mr. Chester, the Attorney *for the
Missionaries, has proceeded to Georgia,
with a copy ol tho record and judgement
ut the Supremo Court, expecting to ar
rive before the adjournment of tho Court
by whom the m-ssiomirles were tried and
sen lanced. He will move lor a habeas
corpus and discharge of the prisoners, as
we presume.”
Tho correspondent of the United States
Gazette has the following:
JuIgnM'Lenn availed himself of his
privilege to give his opinion in detail. Hi-
expressed his entire concurrence in the o-
pinion pronounced hy the Chief Justice;
but, in the course of n very elaborate and
ingenious argument, he indicated that he
thought tlie removal of llto Indians lobe
their host policy. He occupied more than
an hour and a quarter in the delivery of
his opminn, Which was vory ably drawn
up, nod Teflectsgreat credit o«his research
ami his genius.
After Judge M'Lenn Had concluded,
Judge Baldwin stated that he had pre
pared -ut opinion, which lie had intended
to rend, tit dissent from that of the Court;
hut as it was of some length, ttnd as he
stood close in the views it contained, he
It id made up his mind not to deliver it,
tint to coniine hitti-rlf to a few remarks
on the point on which lie had, in thu course
of the argument ol council, npido a remark
ir two. He then read some authorities
>n which he relied, to sustain him in the
-iew which he bad presented us to the
nstilficirncy of tho record which had
"-en returned from the Court heluw. lie
considered this record as fatally defective
or want of a proper authentication, mid
' ■id it down as his decided opinion that
■ln> case, on this ttccotir.l, is coram non
uiticc.—Siwetunal) Georgian.
Col. Gadsden has been commissioned
--V the President te visit the Seminole In
■Hans fin the purpose of effecting their re-
iiov il from Florida.
Exertions are making in all qunrters to
remove the Indians, and, with the excep
tion of the case of Georgia, they excite
noil her sympathy or remark. But if we
move a finger to get rid of “ this red
I'lene"—showeis of ahuse%re poured u-
m us—and we are reviled ns worso than
the Ht-iitheii!
Has it never orrored lo-tbc Wise and i
humane ones—who fulminate against Dfsa.
tint we hut follow the example set beivie
us by other sisters of the UmoiiY Where
ire the tribes that wete spread in former
mes from the Atkiulic to the Mountains!
Have they not been scattered like chaff
before tlie wind? And shall those who
now occupy their seats, prato about Geor
gia Cruelty—and " the lords of the soill”
—let these tender-hearted creatures col
lect she remnants ofthe ancient race--lor
some of them yol remain—let them re
store villages nttd towns and fields to the
red proprietors und .re-cstablisb them in
their hereditary domain—then—may they
lecture to Georgia, and shu will listen to
them with respect and attention—bccanse
she will properly appreciate sentiments
dictating a conduct so disiuteiestud and
untainted by llypocrisyl
But why repeat for the thousandth
time—what hits b'-en so often said before
—Those who are still unconvinced oi the
humanity of removing the Indians to a sit
uation so much better fitted fur their hap
piness—those who would have the Clter-
okees inseparable from the. glebe, wither
ing and perishing on their native soil—
those refined disciples of Sergeant and
Wirt would not believe “ though one
should rise (ion) the dead.”
We trust the Survey of the Cherokee
country will now speedily bo accomplished,
anil thu lands distributed us the Ihw di
rects—unless circumstances connected
with the convenience of the parties and
success of Gen. Jackson’s administration,
should hereafter occur to make further
delay proper.— Constitutionalist,
young gentle man ot exemplary ifharacter I pessed.”—A’cto England Artisan
and ail ornament to ihd set rico. ' • ‘ ‘ ^
Paul. Amer.
fracas.—Weleafn from tho Albany
Daily Advertiser llial a fracas took place
thereon Wednesday between Mr MorJe-
cai Myors, aniembei of the Assembly from n-i.ciun . unu u iccuiu ui a
the city of N. York, aud Richard Al’Car-. conversation bud with (lie venerable John
ty, the flour inspector of this city. iThe Adams, nl ihtiftiiiio, relative to the ap-
foruter made an assault oil the latter with
From th» Boston Daily Advertiser Patriot.
Anecdotes connected with the appointment of Gen.
H'ashmgtan to the command of the Army. 1 (Wi
Jnne, 1775.
lu n manuscript journal, under date of
NdVemlter 4'h, 1§25, I find ii record of a
a cowskin, in South Market street. Blow
and fisticuffs casqed, and the parlies wore
separated. The cause of the quartet is
notslated.
Central bank of Florida.—Books of
subset iptien for the capital stock of this
Bank were Opened on Saturday the 10lh
inst. at the Land Office, when u large
portion of the stock was taken. The com
missioners, we understand, will continue
to meet daily, at the same place, ut llo*
clock A. M. until the requisite number of
slturcs ate subsetibed foi.—Floridian.
Hon. Francis Baylics, .Charge d’Af-
fairs to Buenos Ayres, is to sail from
Boston in a few days, on his distillation;
in tho United Slates ship Peacock.
* Newport Mercury.
Nomination of Air. Wilkins,—The
nomination of Mr. Wilkins bv the Ilar-
tisbttrg Convention, us a candidate for the
Vice Presidency, in conjunction with Gen.
Jack-pin for the Presidency, is a most hon
orable testimonial in his favor. Last year,
Mr. Wilkins was elevated to the Senate
over a host of rivals by the General As
sembly of this Slate. This year he is
nominated by tlie Convention for the
Vice Presidency, and we believe he sought
neither, certainly not with the eager anxi
ety which distinguishes the restless poli
tician.
Tbe vote given to Mr. Van Boren was
that of the celebrated George Ktcnier.
His election as n Delegate occurred since
the rejection of Mr. Van Bucqo, by the
Senate. Almost the whole Convention
had been previously elected, and stood
pledged to one or other of the Pennsyl
vanians before ibis event took place, and
k h, : Ie n was fully understood that Mr. Van
B u ,.en had left the country to accomplish
objects' '^hicb would prevent him liom al
lowing hi’. 1 ’ flame to be presented as a can
didate for tV'.V O'her public service, during
the present ytw'iE We have received the
following loner, oil the subject of the
nomination, from a member of the Legis
lature of Pennsylvania f» MVisA. Globe.
SENATE CHAMBER, )
IIakrikbiiko, t?. , «i'cb 6tli, 1832. J
Dear Sir—The Demotvanc Cunven-
tio’o .'*o w session, in this.place, consist-
j n „ D < 132 members, yesleriKv, unan
imously jti'winated ANDREW JACK-
SON its a cMi** id ate for re-eletiioil to tho
office for PrestJe.’H. All the countie* in
the State were repn'seated, and hut otic-
Delegate absent oiti o’*” , l |fi whole num
ber appointed. To-da,-’ \ J uesday) alter
ten several ballutings for Viet? President,
the vote stood:
William Wilkins, Gf
George M. Dallas, • (33
Martin Van Burcii, 1
Of course Mr. Wilkins was duly nomi
nated, und immediately on the fact being
announced from the Chair, oil motion of
Mr. Richards, (of the city of Philadel
phia.) the nomination was unanimously
cunfiimed. The Convention had previ
ous!) refused to solid Delegates to the pro
posed Baltimore Convention, hy a voto of
80 to 51. Gov. Wolf received u unan
imous nomination lor re-election.
Foi your eatly information, L commu
nicate these facts.
Lu kusle, I am yours, truly.
At Granville Superior Court, held last
week, came on the tiial of Robert Pott a,
indicted for stubbing /.ocu Taylor.—
He submitted his case to the Court, and
was sentenced to two years imprisonment,
to pay a fine of 2,000 dollars, and give se
curity for his goon behavior two years in
the sum of 2,000 dollars. Subsequently,
upon the motion of the Solicitor General,
lie was ordered to be removed for safe
keeping to the jail in Hillsborough.
Mr. Potter’s term of imprisonment, to
which he was sentenced ilf September last,
for maiming Lewis K. Willie, expired du
ring the late term of the Court. In the
rase of Taylor, he was indicted for slab
bing only, dm indictment being silent oil
iho subject of maiming.—Raleigh Star.
Melancholy.—Tlte fallowing persons
perished on tlpe wreck ofthe scltr. Increase,
Iro n Norfolk, lost oil tlie south side of
Long Isl et-1, on Monday morning: Mid
shipman P. L. G'insevonrt, U. S. N. of
Albany; Mr. I. P. Niles, merchant, who
resided noar Elisabeth CRy, N. C.; Mas
ter Edward Carter, of Kentucky, und Mr.
Stafford, of litis city. The two former
wete drowned iu attempting to land, add
the two latter perished frem exposure on
lire wreck. Their baggage saved, is in
charge ol Messrs. Duane, Sttirges Sc, Co.
who will deliver it to their friends.
« We undnrstand, says tire New York
G icetie, that the remains of 'Midshipman
Gunsovoorl were found on tiro beach,
twenty miles fiom the spot whern tho ves
sel was wrerked. They were brought to
the Navy Yard, Brooklyn, and consigned
to the tomb on Friday morning Inst, with ,
pbintnienf of Get^ Washington. It wus
in substance as follows:
The army was assembled at Cambridge,
Mass, uiairr Gqn. Ward, und .Congress
was silting at Philadelphia. Every day
arrived new applications in behalf bf tho
army. Tho country were urgent that
Congress should adopt the army ; for un
til they had, it must he considered, and
was in law considered, only as a ntob, a
band of armed rebels. The country was
placed in circumstances of peculiar deli
cacy and danger. The struggle hud be
gan, and every thing was ot loose ends.
The great trial now seemed to be in jltis
question— Who should be commander-in-
chief! .If was exceedingly important,
and was felt to be the hinge on which llto
whole might turn for or against us. Tho
southern mill middle states, wurm aud ra
pid in their zeal, for the most part, woro
jealous ol New England, because they
The Nctos.—The accounts front France felt that the real physical force wus here,
brought by the London packet Cambria, Wltat then, was to he done ? All New
arrivml nn TiidsiIrv art* un rniinui mtf P.nnrlniiil f4n*>- W.nJ • l.« L...I I —
arrived on Tuesday, ure wo repeat not
later Ilian those received by the Havre
packet Albany, and published by us on
last Monday week. Wo then staled lliut
a civil list of Twelve ftTllious of Francs,
had been voted by tlie Chamber of Dep
uties to Louis Pltillippc. Neither is it
correct to say, as one uf the London pa
pers does, in an article copied by some of
our contemporaries, that this vote was a
defeat to the Ministers. In tlie law pro
posed by government, the sum was left
blank's the committee to whom it was re-
ferted, reported two sums, one.of 14,000,-
000 fiancs,aud another of 12,500,000,
stilting that one half of (lie committee
was -for otto sum, and the other half for
1 the oihor. it is probable that the Minis
ters desired that the highest sum should
be fixed, but thoy carefully abstained from
saying it. On tho whole, tho Ministers
have been successful on all the main points
of the law proposed by them, on some of
minor importance they have been dufeut-
ed.—JV. Y. Enq.
France.—During the year 1831 the
Clergy only received the sunt of 500,0001'.
as gilts or legacies. Duting the year 1830
the amount was three millions. It had
exceeded four millions a year fiom the pe
riod of tlie creation ofa Minister of Eccle
siastical Affairs, that is to say, during the nppotni* 0,tv t for adopt
S3 fL?. r l y Z!X! 824 ’ fc! ' h -.-TL a! i h , e l^larmyofthe Uni
England adored Gcu; Ward: he hud been
in the French war and come out'laden
with laurels. Ho was u scholar and a
gentleman. All the qualifications scented
to cluster in him ; and it was confidently
believed the army could not receive anv
commander over him. What then, was
to be done 1 Difficulties thickened at
every step. The struggle w'as to be long
und bloody. Without union nil was lost.
Union was strength. The country and
the whole country must come in. ’ One
pulsation must break ihrdugh all hearts,
The cause was one, and the arm must he
one. The members hnd talked, debated,
considered, and guessed, and yet tho de
cisive step had not been taken. At length
Mr. Adams came to his conclusion, and
the manner ol developing it was nearly ns
follows: He was walking one morning
before congtess hall, apparently in deep
thought, when his cousin, Samuel Adams,
came op to him, and said, “What is the
topic with you this morning, cousin ?”■
“Oh, tho army, the army," he replied,
“lam determined what io do about the
army at Cambridge,” he cottiimied—“I
ant determined to go into tbe hall this
morning, and enter on a lull detail of the
state of the. colonics, in order to show
the absolute need of taking some deci
sive slops. My whoje aim will he to in
duce congress to nppoirit'a day. for adopt-
v| t ■ b ” 1 * *■ J ” 1 ,,,D •-'in-
ted Colonies of North Ametica; and
,r • , . " ,on lo hin * my election of a ermunan-
niezico.— I he schooner Louisiana ar- der-in-chief.” “Well.” said Samuel *,t
.rived a. New Orleans, from Vera Cruz, ams, “J hke that, con.inJohnTio
wnl. dates from that place to the 29Ht whom have you fixed as this count underV
ta! “
We leant from the New Orleans papers,
that two Commissioners had been appoint
ed hy the State of Vera Cruz, and one
by the General Government of Mexico,
lo hold a conference wiih Gen. Santa-An
na, for the purpose of removing the diffi
culties which had arisen and which he al-
lodged induced him to take up arms. Tho
parties met and separated without effect
ing any arrangement.
The Government had collected a bo-tv
of 2500 troops with 4 pieces of artillery
rt.'i.’l 2 howitzers, which left Jalapa on the
22o ,l"' r 'he purpose of marching lo Vera
Crux, a;t- d compelling that city to surren
der. TIk’sA were commanded by Gen.
Fucio, tbe Jliflister of War, whose dis
missal, Sautu-Anflii had demanded from
Biistumente.
Santa-Annn, with the garrison, were ap
parently preparing to make a gallant re
sistance.—N. Y. Enq.
Factory time.—“ It will ho perceived,
by reference to tho repurt of the Commit
tee on tbe education of children, See. us
published in the proceeding* of the recent
Convention of Mechanics und Winking
Men at Boston, that the standard of time,
ut the manufactories generally, is, on an
average, about 20 minutes behind the true
Solar time. It should bo understood that
tbe morning bells that ring to call the
hands to their labor, arc not regulated by
the cluck, but ure rung a little after Hie
break of day. Consequently tho labors
of the day are protracted in the same
proportion, as the clocks are loo slow,
The result is, that though tho employer,
in.ltis contract with his workmen, sets the
time for the ressuliou of labor at a certain
hour, he so regulates his “Factory time,"
that each hand is obliged to work twenty
minutes longer than ins employer pay's
him for. In nine establishments, named
to llto Committee, there aro 4200 hands
employed. Each of these hands work
twenty minutes por day without compen
sation. This gives u gross amount of
1400 hours per day, or 420,000 hours, a-
moumiiig lo 42,000 days' work per year,
reckoning 300 working days at 10 hours
of labor per day. Reckoning this labor
at the average price of 30 cents pew day, it
amounts to $ 12,600 per year, or $1400
to each of those nine establishments, thai
they thus sponge out of thoir poor depen
dents, by defrauding each one of 20 min
utes labor per day. Is it to be wondered
at, that manufacturers make themselves
wealthy! And what sort ofconduct is this
for honorable, high-minded men! And
yet-this 4200 persons constitute but a Te-
ry small fractional part of the great body
of "factory help" in New England, that
suffer this imposition and abuse. The a-
mount to each individual it ton days* work
per year, which lie pays ns a tax to his
, g *V (Olltll
Vtrgtnia, a member of this house” “O,”
replied Samuel Adants, quickly, “that
will never do, never, never.” “It must
do, it shall do,” said John, “and for these
reasons; tlie southern and middls states
are loth to enter heartily into the canse,
and their arguments aro potent: they see
that New England holds the physical pow-
er ''' llnr hands, and they fear llib result,
A New England commander, with New
England net severance, all united, appal
them. For this cause nliev hang back,
Now, the only way is, lo ailav their fears,
am give them nothing to complain of;
and this can he done in no oilier way hut
by appointing u southern chief over this
force. Then all will feel secure, then nIJ
Will rush to tho standard. This policy
will blend us in ono mass which will be re
sistless." At this Samuel Adams seem
ed greatly moved. They talked Over the
preliminary circamstnnccs, and John ask
ed his cousin to second Itis motion. Mr.
Adams went in, took the floor and pt t
forth all his strength in the delineations I n
had prepared, all aiming at llto adoption
of the army. Ho was ready to own tl o
array, appoint a commnnder, vote sup
plies, and proceed to business.. After his
speech some doubted, some objected and
some feared.
His warmth mounted with the occasion,
and to all these doubts and hesitations he
replied, "Gentlemen, if this congress will
not adopt this army befot o tetl moons have
set, Neiv England will have a congress of
her own, which will adupt it, and she, she.
will undertake the struggle alone; yes,
w’itlt it strong arm and a clear conscience
will front the foe alone.’’
_ This had the desired effect. They saw
N. England tvas not playing, and was not
to be played with ; they agreed lo appoint
a day. The day was fixed. It came.
Mr. Adams went in, took the-floor and
urged tho moasuto, and tifter debate it
passed. Tito next thing wastage! a law>,
ful commander for this lawful army, with
supplies, &c. All looked to Mr. Adams
on this orcasion ; and tic was ready. lie
took the floor, and went into a minute de
lineation of tho character of Gon. Ward
Imstowetl on him the epithets which, then’
belonged to no one else. At the end of
this eulogy he soid, “but this is not the
man I have chosen.” He then went in
to a delineation of tlm character of n
commander-in-chief such as was required
bv the peculiar situation of the colonies
atthat juncture; and after he Wl pre
sented the qualifications in bis strongest
language, and given the reasons, for tho
nomination he was about to make, lie said
— Gent,emeu, I know these qualifica-
’ions aro nigli, Inn we all know they
ire needful ut this crisis, ih this chief.—
Docs nny one say tliey nre ivot to be ob-
tuned in tlie country ? I reply, tlicy are,
•bey reside in oiie of oar or/n bodv, nn«V