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VMtigftte the actual stalfi of things. Com*'
pacts have for a ceft’Ory been formed
with the Indians, far)Nho purchase ol their
posteuory rights. At first, the equiva
lent given scarcely deserved the name of
a consideration. Dr. Franklin says, as
Kalnt, the Swedish traveller states, that
Rhode Island was purchased with a pair
(if Sjscctacba. And an examination of most
of these bargains before the revolution,
will show that tho presents usually given,
for there was in fact no actual prico nr
ranged, were entirely disproportioned to
the value of tho land. To tfce United
States belongs the credit of having intro
duced the system of annual payments,
Calculated, il wisely applied by the Indi
ans, to relieve their wants for oil indefinite
period. Tlteso compacts wero termed
treaties, not in that 'acceptation ol the
word, by which it Is appliod to the adjust
ment of differences between independent
nations, but in its more general meaning,
which extends to all arrangemts for * form
ing agreements’ between parties, as tve
say, a treaty 1s on the carpet, a treaty of
marriage, flioC.; and ns the treaty of IIols
ton utesYlie word, when it says, the Cher-
okees ‘shall not hold any treaty* with * in
dividuals of any State.’ If Ts clear from
tho Constitution of the British Empire, as
has been already explained, that them
cooipacts, formed by the Colonial Gov
ernors or Commissioners, and never sub
mitted for the ratification of the Crown,
could not be treaties, in tho diplomatic
sense of the thrift. The prnr.tico came
down to us from them, and it is equally
clear that under tho United States, nei
ther tho form of these contracts nor the
process of ratification conferred, by mere
implication, rights inconsistent with the
whole tenor of our intercourse with the
Indians, at variance with the numerous pro
visions of otir own statute book, and irre-
coficilnable with the form and substance of
the stipulations in tho instruments them
•elves.
We approach now tho material inquiry
in tho case. Do the treaties which have
been formed with the Cheinkees, contain
Stipulations Incompatible with the exer
cise of Jurisdiction by, the Slate of Geor
gia over these Indiaos! That they estab
lish boundaries of possessions, and secure
or’allot’to the Indians their ’hunting
grounds,’ • lands,’ dec.; or in the words,
all those usufructuary rights, noecssary to
their subsistence in their usual modu of
life, so far as the rotative obligations of
the United States aod Georgia permitted
tho former te establish and secure them,
will not be disputed. 11 is tho jurisdiction
over persons, and not tho disposition ol
property, which we are now investigating.
A succinct review of the troalies with
the Che rake os becomes necessary, but in
making it, Ww place out of view the treaty
of Hopewell, negotiated in 1783.
It never established a peace, nor in
fact, wss executed. It was succeeded by
open hostilities, which continued with va
rious success for some years, and by
which Its obligations wero in fHd impaired
Sfnot destroyed. The treaty of Hoiston
of 1791, was evidently intended as a sub
stitute for tho previous treaty of Hope
well. The latter Is not mentioned nor al
luded to. Tl is dearly taken for granted,
that its stipulations liavo ceased, ami such
of them ns are acceptable to the parties,
are incorporated into tho new compact.'—
This will appear by a comparison of (lie
two 1 treaties.
Treaty of lloptWtU. Treaty of Hoiston.
Preamble Gives Art. 1 Establishes
pears. pear*.
Art 1 und 9 Provides Alt 3 Provides Tor
(or the restoration oftho restoration of prison-
prisoners. era.
Art. 3. Placed andar Art. Placed under the
the protection of the U. protection of the llnitod
States. States.
Art. 4. Boundary. Art. 4 Boundary; be
ing tho same, witlt slight
variations, as that ea'.ub-
lished by the treaty til
If ope wall.
Art.S. Provision for Art. 8. Provision fur
the removal of intruders the removal of intnrders.
Art. A. Provision fur Art. 10. Provision for
the "delivery of offend tho delivery of offend,
•re tMhUng among the era, residing among the
Indian*. Indians.
Art. 7. Previsions for Art 11. Provision for
rite punishment of per the punishment of per
son* Injuring the Chero- eons injuring the Che
keen. rokees.
Art. 8. Retaliation a- Art. 18. Retaliation
'bolished. abolished.
Art. 9. Congress may Congress may regn.
regulate'trade with the lots undo with the Cne-
Cherokee*. rokees.
Art. 10. A supplement Omitted,
to the 9th Articlo.
Art. 11- Cherokee* Art. 13. Chcroko**
rt* give nolice of do- to give notice against
signs against th* United the United States.
States.
Art. ft. Allowed t* Omitted,
eend a Delegate to Colt-
grsn.
Ait. IS. Peace and Art. 15. Peaco and
IHssdslup • re-establish- fiieudship re-establish
ed. ed.
Art.S. Provision for
a rood.
Ait. 7 Guarantee of
lauds.
. _Att. i. No hunting on
Cherokee lands.
Art 14 improvements
of sgricalture to be fur-
meheii—toterpreters to
bo provided, dec.
Art. 10. To be rati
fied.
Canfitny doubt exist, but that the latter
‘treaty, (that rtflliilston) which was made
• to remove causes of war;’ which * cstab
lishes perpetHal peace and friendship;’
which provides (hr the surrender of per-
■sons ‘now 'ih captivity,’ on both sides;
‘which puts sn end to * all animosities foi
past grievances;’ nnd which was iregoita-
‘tbti after somo years of continued war, was
• treaty of peace, and that ull the oblign
lions between tho parties, not renewed
or confirmed by it, were considered as
Bnnultedt It is expressly termed a ’treaty
•f peace’ by Mr. Justice McLean, and if
■ to it recognises a pre-existing state of
row, with tha consequences properly re-
«lilting therefrom, jt it obvious, that the
whole ground was examined, and that tho i case, the light of self defence? We may,
preceding stipulations, so far ds they wore
acceptable, were embodied in the new
ui like manner inquire whether the Cher
okee* have the right of exclusive and un-
tronty. 'In no other way'cau the failure ' limited jurisdiction over all persons within
of the Cherokees, to Send a Deputy to / their • hnnnm, n-mm.l, • n— •■>*» are
Il is a pri-
Congress he accounted for.
vilege ibey would long siuco have claimed,
and which they might now claim, if the
Treaty of Hopewell wero in force.
The treaty of October, 1798, commen
ces by reciting the reasons which prevent
ed the due execution of the treaty ef
ilolston of 1791* and which had also op
erated to delay the execution ol the treaty
of Philadelphia, of 1794, which refers to
the former: and then, after providing for
the integrity of ‘ subsisting treaties,’—evi
dently alluding to tho treaty ol llobtod
and its adjuncts, proceeds to make ar
rangements for running and marking tho
boundary line. Tho treaty of Hopewell
ivunnoticed, and in fiict disappears from
the history of our Cherokee intercourse
with the exception of otto solitary allusion
to it.
'Our object in these relnnths is mote to
relieve the subject from useless embar
rassment, than because we attach any im
portance to tho provisions of (his treaty.
Il will be perceived that they are essen
tially tho samo with those in the treaty of
Hoiston: though perhaps rather more fa
vorable to tho view we take, if wo indulge
in verbal criticism; ns it professes to 'give
peace’—to make an ’allotment’ of ‘ hun
ting ground’,’ &c. But wo really consid
er any distinctions drawn from the forms
ol expression, as unworthy of tho subject
nnd unjust to the Indians.
Beginning then with tho treaty of Hois
ton, nnd terminating with that of Tellico,
in 1798, which is the lust treaty with the
Cherokees, prior to the execution of the
compact between the United States und
Georgia, April 24, 1802, by which all
’ claim, right and title’ of tho United
Slates * to the jurisdiction and soil of any
lands, lying within the limits of Georgia,’
were ceded to that Slate, lei ns ascertain
whether there are uny grants of jurisdic*
tion to the Cherokees, inconsistent with
the necessary operation of tho laws of
Georgia.
Huving already given an abstract of the
treaty of Hoiston, which contains all the
provisions upon this subject, wo shall
merely refer to those which can, by any
construction, be considered as grants of po'
liticul power, making a few passing re
marks upon some of the others.
In this examination we place out of
view all powers declared to exist in tho
United States,and which have beeuusual
ly exercised by civilised governments in
their intercourse with the Indians; concur
ring fully in the sentiments advanced upon
this subject by the American Contmisi on-
ora at Ghent, and already quoted.
Tho whole view, taken by these Com
missioners, J. Q. Adams, J. A. Bayard,
H. Clay, Jonuihuu Russell and Albert
Gallutiu contains a lucid exposition of tho
doctrine arising out of Indian relations,
and wus rendered necessary by the meta
physical speculations of the British Com
missioners who bewildered themselves in
abstract investigations, and in attempting
to deduce cons* quences altogether incom
patible with the express stipulations at In
dian treaties, and their obvious relations
with the United States, from tho forms of
iliosu treaties. Contending that the par-
lies Wero independent and both sovereign
beenuso they entered into mutual negotia
tions, which doclarod the dependence of
their ’ hunting grounds,’ because they are
empowered to expel or puqish those bad
or outlawed citizens, who attempt to dis
turb them? No such conclusion can be
fairly drawn from such premises. The
right it, in fact, that of self defence, given
because the protecting government was
remote, and to prevent those difficulties
which had so often led to war. It was i
necessary incident ef ihpir situation. And
how long was it to continue? Obvious!;
till that situation was changed, nnd till the
power was no longer required. When
the general protection of tho law was ex-
temiutl to the Cherokees, and their quali
fied independence was terminated. Anil
even before this period, the punishment
to bo inflicted, is evidently loft to individ
ual discretion. It is not the ! nation’ or
‘Iribo’ which inflicts it but Cherokees; the
phraseology of the treaty being here va
ried, leaving out these epithets which arc
carefully used in this instrument, whenev
er the community, as such, is described, or
its collective obligarions or privileges spe
cified. The right to punish followed, in
fact, from the outlawry, ami eveiy Chero
kee was at liberty to use his own discre
tion In '.be punishment. Or, to speak ac
curately, it was no crime in a Cherokee
under these circumstances, to kill a white
man. His own government had said, ‘he
is not of us.’ It tvas u resort to first prin
ciples.
Tho sucond provision in the treaty,
having mi appearance of conferring juris
diction, is that which relates to rotuliatiou
und reprisal. But this articlo grunts no
thing; it is merely restrictive. The right
of retaliation and reprisal is incidental to
the war making power. What would jus
tify tho former, would justify tho latter.
But to present the last and worst resort,
the parties here engage that they will not
i seek this remedy, till-satisfaction has been
demanded and refused. No right is here
given, but the parties for tho sake of hu
manity, are mutually restrained; and lids
restraint is obligatory upon both, so long
us the power remains of which il is an in
cident. But, as we liavo already shewn,
the moral power of making war has de
parted fiom the four thousand five hun
dred Cherokees in Georgia, and forever;
and with it have departed all the incidents
annexed to, and dependent upon that
power. '>
A brief review of the other articles of
this treaty shall closo this branch of the in
quiry.
The 1st, 2d and 3d articles, rclato to
the termination of hostilities.
Tho 4th establishes a boundary line.
Tho 5;Is grants to the United States a
road, mid the navigation of die Tennes
see river. This is purely territorial in its
operation, nnd the necessity for it results
from the guarantee in the 7th article.
The 6th allows the United States tho
right to regolula the trade with tho Cher
okees. This right, by the universal prac
tice of nations, the United States possess
ed without this Stipulation. It is there
fore, agreeably to tho views of die Com
missioners at Ghent, merely declaratory,
anil changes nothing in the pre-existing
state of diing8.
Thu 7th is a guarantee of the Cherokee
lands.
The 8lh ts the one already noticed,
providing for the punishment of intrudes,
the one, and the sovereignty of die other, i The 9dt prohibits hunting in the Cher-
It has no doubt been deemed prudent, j okee country,
from time to time, to insert in these Indi- The lOdt provides tlratilic Cherokee
ans treaties previsions, declaratory of the
powers of die United States, not that such
a course tras at all necessury to the exer
cise of these powers, but because their in
sertion and promulgation would remind the
Indians of their duties, and of the genoral
authority of die white man. Copies of iheso
treaties are deposited with diem, and pre
served with great care. When read lit
iheir request, tlioir obligations imposed
upon them are brought to their recollec
tion.
There are hut two provisions in die
treaty of Hoiston, which have die slight
est appearance ef any grunt of jurisdiction
to tho Cherokees, or of any recognition of
iheir powers or government. Theso are
found iu the 8th and 12ih articles. By
the former, citizens of the United States
settling on the Cherokee lands, forfeit the
protection of the United Slates, und may
bo punished by the Cherokees or not, as
they please. By die latter, retnlituion or
reprisal is not to be committed, * till satis
faction shall have been demanded by die
party of which the aggressor is, and sliull
have been refused.”
And first, with respect to the puuish-
nteni of an outlaw.
Tho object is, not to confer jurisdiction
upon the Cherokees, but to prevent in
trusions upon die lands. For this pur
pose, any white man‘entering their coun
try, censes ipso facto to bo an Americon
Citizen. He is abandon rd bv his govern-
men), and the community among which
ite finds himself, may treat him ns they
please. If a person entering a dwelling
house by violence, should be declared out
of the protection ot the law, and punisha
ble al the pleasure of the owucr; or if Ono
intruding himself into a church or any
public assemblage, should in like ninuuer
forfeit his legal privileges, and be placed
at the mercy of those whom ho thus dis
turbs; or if tho communities of Rapp or
Owen, or any similar exclusive association
should he empowered to puuisli all thoso
who might attempt to enter their posses
sions; could these summary powers, con
fined to particular objects, and for partic
ular purposes, be construed to divest the
proper authority ofits general jurisdiction,
atpi to confer upon these persons or asso
ciations, ull die privileges of self govern
ment, because they had in oue particular
nnliun shall deliver up offimders, taking
refuge among them. Its object is to re
quire the co-operation of the Cherokees as
a posse comitatus, in the apprehension ol
diese persons, but it does not prevent the
United States, in the exerciso of her para
mount sovereignty, from arresting them,
tvidiout such co-operation. Still less does
it confer any privileges upon the Chero
kees themselves, or operato to exonerate
them front other duties.
The 1 ltlt stipulates for the punish
ment of white persons, iujuiing die Indi
ans.
The 12th resirains the power of retali
ation. Tho other four articles are of a
nature, which renders their examination
unnecessary.
Iii all this there is nothing inconsistent
with « proper jurisdiction over tho Cher
nkocs. Nothing which (hey may not still
have, so far as it is useful, and yet bo sub
ject to tho jurisdiction of Georgia, Their
condition lias materially changed since this
treaty was negotiated, and with that
change have come other privileges nnd ob
ligations. But even reverting to the sta
tus quo, it will bo seen that all diese pro
visions may he substantially complied
will), god yet the laws of Gooigiu may op-
ornte upon theso Indians. Their own
power of self government may cease and
still individuals retain their teiritorial and
other rights unimpaired.
Wo need not enter into an examination
of the treaty of Tellico. It presents noth
ing which hears upon the question, and
with it terminates out inquiry. The U-
uilcd States, after 1802, could do nothing
by which the rights of Georgia could be
injuted. The compact was then fornied,
und whatever rights the parties at that
time possessed, were respectively trans
furred. But it will be found, were the
investigation necessary, that the subse
quent treaties down to the present day,
like the preceding ones, secure only the
rights of property, and leave the jurisdic
tion untouched.
There is another view which may bo
taken of this subject, and has been fre
quently taken, and recently and very ably
m the American Quarterly Review. If
the Slate of Georgia has no right to exer
cise jurisdiction over the Cherokees, it
follews that these people constitute, by
virtue of their natural rights, or fcy the
recognition of tho United States, a sepe-
rate political community uftth the power
ol self government. And that in fact, a
government independent of Georgia, has
been permanently established within the
boundaries of that State. Mr. Justice
McLean, indeed, observes, that 1 the ex
ercise of the power of self government by
the Indians within a State, is undoubtedly
contemplated to be temporary.— But by
whbm is it so contemplated ? Certainly,
not by the Cherokees; for they avow
their determination never to remove. And
as to tho United States and Georgia,
their ‘ contemplation’ of the subject is out
of the question. The former, upon the
doctrine advocated, have purled with their
right to interfere, and the latter never
had any. How this slate of things can be
terminated, so ns to render the government
* temporary,’ is not very obvious.
This subject, however, it is not neces
sary to examine, if the United Slates have
not granted nor guaranteed to the Chero
kees political rights independent of Geor
gia. That they have not, we have en
deavored to show. And in doing this we
have extended our remarks to such a length
as to prevent us from entering upon the
other question. And we are the less in
clined to undertake it, as we feci unequal
to the task, and are confident it will ho
fully and ably investigated by others. It
goes to the very foundation of our gov
ernment; and if the President and two
thirds of tho Senate can, by an exercise
of the treaty making |iower, plant or con
tinue separate communities among us,
independent of the respective States, they
hold in iheir hands a tremendous power,
to be wielded for good or evil. A power,
whose extent and consequences cannot ho
foreseen.
And besides we shall have a new code
of natural or of municipal law, or of nei
ther, to establish, ( for w« are really at a
loss to apply the proper epithet,) by which
all these new relations, growing out of an
unexpected stato of things, may be regula
ted. By which the third wheel in our
form of government ntny be attached to
(he other machinery. But these specula
tions we leave to others.
In the previous discussion we have con
fined ourselves to the question of right,
avoiding all thoso considerations which
render it expedient that these Indians
should remove to (be country West of the
Mississippi, assigned for their permanent
residence. No false philanthropy should
induce us to wish their continuance in the
situation they now occupy. The decree
has gone forth ; it is irreversible, that the
White and tha red man cannot live togeth
er. He who runs may read. lie may
read it in the past and in the present, and
he may discern it in the signs of the future.
Without attempting to investigate the
causes, moral and physical, which have
enacted this law of stern necessity, it is
enough for our present purpose to know
that it exists, and to feel that its penalty
is destruction to one of these parties; a
penally only to bo uvoided by their mi
gration beyond the sphere of its influ
ence. The longer this salutary measure
is delayed, tho greater will be tho injury
to them. Their state of excitement and
uneasiness will continue, the collisions
nnd difficulties with (heir white neighbors
will multiply, and surrounded ns they
must be, with disheartening troubles, their
Imbits nnd prospects may be wrecked iu
this hopeless conflict. Had they not bet
ter go, and speedily ? Go to a climate,
which is known to bo salubrious; to a coun
try fertile und extensive; beyond their
wants now, and for generations to coma ;
and to a home which promises comfort
and permanence.
Can they expect to maintain their pre
sent position ? To establish an independ
ent government, having undefined and
undefiuenblc relations with the Stato of
Georgia? To add another imperium in
imperio to our complicated system? Such
an expectation appears to us vain und il-
lusoiy. Practically unattainable; and
fraught with their destruction, if it could
be nllainod. They would ho exposed to
iho operation of all those evils which
have swept over their race, ns (ho fatal
Simoon, the blast of death, sweeps over
the desert.
francs, upon Dantzic and Elbing, (or the
benefit of the Polish fugitives in that neigh
bourhood.
Mr. Van Burenliad an audience of leave
of his Majesty, on the 22d. On the 24th
he nrrivod at Windsor, and, in company
with some ether personages, was to dine
with the King.
A postscript to a letter from Liverpool
under date of 28th of March, says “ The
sales of Cotton tho last 3 days are about
8,500 bales.”
A Liverpool paper says, ” Lord Coch
rane will be immediately restored to his
rank in the Navy.”
The Cholera, though increasing, still
causes daily less alarm. By a calculation
made in the Medical Journal it appears
that tho mortality throughout England is
•not greater In this year titan In former
years, and tho whole number of deaths
said to be caused bv Cholera during the
last four months, is 1927, or little more
than two deaths throughout the country.
At Grenoble, in France, tranquility
wus restored.
Total cases in London from the com
mencement of the disease 1365, deaths
742, or more than half. In the parts of
the kingdom where the desease still exists
total cases, 1803; deaths, 696. Where
the disease lias ceased, total cases, 5,088;
deaths 1,517. Grand total cases 6,891;
deaths 2213.
MISCELLANEOUS*
Mr. Paulding's New Work,—In our
remarks yesterday upon the forthcoming
Novel of” Westward He,” we remarked
*‘ Mr. Paulding is certainly the only A
mcrican wiitor whose productions bear the
broad stamp of genius, originality, nnd
national character.” Wo intended to say,
and should have said, that “ Mr. Paulding
is certainly the only American writer
whose productions combine genius, ori
ginality and national character.” To our
countrymen Irving and Cooper we are .al
ways proud to awatd genius of the high
est order, and generally originality; hilt
iheir works do not compare with Paulding’s
FOREIGN.
Savannah, May 3.
LATE FROM ENGLAND.
The ship Hibernia arrived at New York
on the 23d insi. brings Liverpool papers
to the 28th mid London to the 26th of
March inclusive. Commercial accounts,
slill favorable, will be found iu the usual
place. We make the following extracts
from the second edition of the Journal of
Commerce and Cnuriei:
The Reform Bill having passed the
House of Commons by a majority of 116,
it was brought up to tho House of Lords
on tho 26th March. Oil motion of Earl
Grey, that it should bo read a second time
on ” Thursday so’n-night,” a debate en
sued—showing tho Peers intended to go
into n committee on tho bill; and from the
observations made by tbo principal anti-
reform Lords, we should collect that they
intend to introduce such amendments as
will completely change its most impor
tant features.
The Cholera is extending in London.
Il has also made its appearance in Belfast
•nd Dublin. New cases in London on
tho 18'h, 73. deaths 45; 19th, new cases
86, deaths 38; 20;h and 21st, new cases
120, deaths 73; 22d, new cases 63, doaths
36; 23d, new cases 47, deaths 33; 24tb
and 25th new cases 105, deaths 62. The
date of the reports is one day in advance
of tho dates of cases.
A Berlin paper states that our fellow
citizen, Dr. Howe, when arrested in that
capital, had • letter of credit for 100,000
different planets; our colleague, M. Duntv
oisean, therefore undertook this long and
minute calculation, and the result was,
that the comet of 6 years will cross the
plane of the ecliptic, that is, the plane
mi which the earth moves, on the 29th of
October, 1832, before midnight. Now,
as the earth during its course round the
sun never quits the plane of the ecliptic,
it is in that plane alone that a comet can
strike against it, so that, whatever dan
gers tve may have to fear from the comet
in question, will he on the 29th of next
October, before midnight.
The next consideration is, will this
comet, when it crosses the plane of the
ecliptic, pass near, or over any part of the
earth’s orbit for this il must do <0 cause
any mischief.
On this point, M. Damoisoau’s calcula
tion shows us that the comet will cross
the plane of the ecliptic a little within
our orbit, mid at such a distance from it
as is oquai to four radii and 2-3ds of our
globe; and we may say, that this small
distance may disappear entirely if the
elements given by M. Damoiseau be sub
milted to certain minute variations, which
it would not be easy to account for, or
remove.
Let us take, however, the distance of
four radii and throe-fourths us the real and
tine distance; we must recollect that this
distance is measured from the centre of
the coiftct. and then lot us consider wheth
er or no the dimensions of this body is
sufficiently great for some part of it to
overlap or lie on our orbit.
The observations made by the celebra
ted M. Others, of Bremen, on this comet
in 1805, gave for the length of its radius
(or semi diameter) five radii and 1-Sd of
our globe; nnd as wo have just seen that
the caitre of the comet will be only four
radii And two thirds of the earth from
hor orbit, it results clearly that a portion
of the earth's orbit will, on the 29tk of
next October, be comprehended or en-'
t'eloped within the nebulosity of tha
comet.
There remains now only one more
question, which is, where, that is, in
what part of its orbit, will ttie •arjh bo
in national character, and they do not id- j
ways merit the praiso of originality. With ilt tire moment when’the nebulosity or
this explanation, our remark that “ Mr. J ,ft e comet rcstsupon, or embraces apart of
Paulding is certainly the only American it, a i orbil?
writer, whoso productions hear the broad
stamp of genius, originality and national
character,” is correct. No other writer
combines oil .these qualifications, and we
feel a conviction thut lie is destined to oc
cupy the highest rank among American
writers,—N. Y. Cour.
Mr. Robert Simpson, who was said to
be the last survivor o( that portion of the
Biitisli Army which fought under Gener
al Wolfe in the revolutionary war, died
at Montreal on the 6th inst. Mr. Simp
son had attained tho advanced age of 101
years. Amongst the persons who atten
ded hie remains were several of his a-
dult Great Great Grand Children.
N. Y. Cour.
His Holiness Pope Gregory XVI. has
granted to the Rev. Mr. Price of Balti
more, permission to be examined for tho
degree of Doctor of Divinity in Romo;
nnd has idso honored him with the golden
cross and spur. This is first instance in
which an American has hud these orders
conferred on him in Rome.—N. Y. Cour.
Russian Empire.-— The Russian Mer
cury, contains tho results of a census of
(he Russian empire, taken officially in the
year 1829. It is cuiious, inasmuch as it
gives these results, differently from thoso
which have been published by able
writers upon statistics. Tile population
of Russia amounts to 42,760,000; the
great principality of Finland to 1,260,000;
the kingdom of Poland to 4,950,000;
the whole of tho Russian Empire to
49,000,000. The population of Georgia,
luverski, JMingrclia, Gouriel, Armenia,
and in short all (lie countries to tjie south
of the Caucasus and the mouth of the
Torch, of which there are no official ac
counts, is estimated at 1,200,000. The
military portion is 743,537, composing in
this number all the Cossacks, Calmucks,
the wandering tribes xif the Baclrkirs, the
Bogouls, and (lie Stumridcs at 6,000. Tho
inhabitants of Sibciia, both wandering nnd
fixed, who pay tribute in furs, are put
down at 400,000. We find amongst the
clergy 6,637 Mollahs for the Mahome
tan Tartars, and 150 Lamas for Calmucks.
THE COMET.
Extract from M. Arngo's notico of Comets, trail*'
lated from die French.
The comet, which astronomers have
agreed to call (lie 6 years comet, and
which has. been announced by several
writer* ns threatening our globe with such
drcudfnl ruin during this year of 1832,
was first precoived at Juliauuisberg by M.
Biela on the 27th of February, 1826, and
ten days after by M. Gumburt, at Mar
seilles, who, calculating its parabolic ele
ments, ascertained that this comet had
been observed before in 1805 und in
1772. This comet, therefore, is period
ical, and it became necessary, in order
to determine accurately the time ofits rev
olution, to quit the parabolic elements, and
to found calculations on its elliptical ele
ments. M. M. Clausen and Gambart
undertook this calculation, and they both
came to the result, that this comet revolved
round the sun in something less than
seven years.
This result was adopted at oncer for
in 1826 philosophers had completely
abandoned the old notion, Qsat the revo
lutions of comets must be, of necessity,
ol very great length and duraliou. How
ever, after the example of the comet of
1770, it would have been hazardous to
predict the future reappearance of this
heavenly body, before calculating all the
derangements ybich it might suffer from
The answer is, the earth will not arrive
at that point of its orbit which will bo
enveloped in tho nebulosity of tho come!
on the 29th of October, until the 30th
November following, that is, rather more
than a month afterwards. We have now
only to take the mean rate at which tho
earth travels through its orbit, and this
being 674,000 leagues por diem, each
league may be taken at about two and a
half English miles; a simple calculation
will prqvo, that the comet of six and a quain
ter years will, at all times of its appear
ance in 1832, be at more than 20,000,-
000 of leagues from the earth. But if,
instead of crossing tho ecliptic on tho
29th of October, this cornet were to ar
rive on the 30th of November, it would
infallibly mix its atmosphere with ours-,
and perhaps, oven it would slriko against
us; but I hasten to say, that an error of n
month in the calculated arrival of a comet
at a given point is not possible.
Tho reader now knows all that can in
terest him as to the route of the comet in
tho month of October, 1832. The results
which I have given are the same as thoso
which M. Olhers gave in a note, and on
which the public, as well ns the writers
in newspapers, have fallen into such mis
takes. I hope I shall he more fortunate,
and not be misunderstood. But there are
still people who, admitting that tho earth
will not receive n direct shock from tho
comet in October next, believe that it
cannof touch our orbit without altering
tho form of il: ns if that orbit were n ma
terial substance—as if, in short, the para
bolic flight of a shell from a mortar could
ho affected by passing through a space
which had been antecedently traversed by
other shells.—N. Y. Standard.
The Insurance companies of New York,
iu consequence of the recent heavy losses
of vessels upon this const, have determined
not to underwrite vessels or cargoes under
charge of any master, whose vessel has
been lost under circumstances which war
rant the suspicion of carelessness or in-
competency, until his conduct respecting
the same has been first investigated.
NOTICE.
F OUR months after date, application Will bo I
made to t(io honorable the inferior court tyC,
Talbot county, when sitting for ordinary pari
sen, for leave to sell the following lots of land :
No. 104 in the 81st district, originally Mnscod
now Harris county. ^
1IC do
207 do
82 in tho 17th district,
Tulbot comity.
49 in tire 15th district,
203 in tho 14th district of Crawford coua
Sold as the properly of Win. Burrell, deck
tho beaelit of the heirs of said Burrell.
REUBEN ALDRIDGE, AdmV.5
May 12——52
Georgia.... Troup County. ]
B enjamin Jordan of the eseth disut*
G. II. tolls before Wm. VV. Carlisle,%
justice of the pceco for said county, a mail ho*
horso (pony) the right hind foot white, star in hr
face, eight or nine years old—Appraised by VVi
lik B. Hastings und Archibald Cure-ton to thir
dollars, this 26th April, 1832.
OLIVER P. FEARS, Dep. c. i. c.
May li&—62
NOTICE
T HREE months afterdate application wit
made to the Bank of Colunibasfortho
meat of the following described notes of
Bank, viz:
Tho left hand half of bill No. 1219 for $20
No. 30IC for $10
No. 2019 for $1C
No. 2020 for $10
No 2017 for $10
No. 2014 for $J0
-. . . . ... No. 2015 for $10
The right hand halves of said bills being to
destroyed. ROBERT GRAN
Darien, Feb. 20—45—sv3n,