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Caused toia* uwibartaMnifoii '»
Berce; i>u uu.u parlies pro.’•» movi
frien.il> oil, iuinao nitr iiiIh us. ( u iiio
llriiiiii.inon ol .'in con.cut, tt< l .oa for
lh> esraufitijmeni of na *£cuiu tm*r-
counr, •(> neci'Mtry o nations w rinse ter-
ritnn * .re cnnigiou*. H w impuraiii
ii v... in. to u«, we m y caiculam from ho
laci, (tint ov. ii fo ln» uniavorahlo sum of
thing*, our inaHii/no commerce tin* in-
Creased, nod an internal imho, uv earn-
van*, iim du tema to Santa Fo undei
the |iroimUM ofewoiu lumlined by the
GuverumuM, i( earned imi to gieai ad-
van.age, and a daily increasing. The a-
gnn » provided for by iho treaty wttn ihu
power, to ddMgante the bnund.n tea which
4t established, have been mimeri mi out
part( t** one of the evils of the mil war
M* fifing there, hat been, that the ap
poitMMmef those with whom they weie
to co-operate, has not yet been Hunuonced
toos.
The Government of Central America
bas expelled irom n* teiritory ttie party
which soma lime stnen, disturbed It* pear..
Desirous ol fostering a favorable diS|io*i
tion towards ns, which has on morn than
One occasion been *> meed by this immes-
tiog country, 1 mode it second rit'empi,
!d this vest, to e*o.nh*b a ijifinmiaiic
ittierraurte with Ilium; tun Ihe di-mii ol
the ilia mguished citizen wham I had hji-
poured lor that purpose, has retarded the
OZecution ofiaeasuru* Horn nhtclt I liapud
much adv image to our commerce. Fite
Union ol Ini i Hr on Stales which ibimed
the Knpitblic of Colanthia lias been
dr*so «ed : t,ut ’hey nil, t; is beltevetl, con-
filer .henisidvet at Sim.trail ly bound by
the treaty which w •» Made in ilimr federal
capacity. The ii.nimm accredited to the
(hdoruiion, cuniinues in that chnr*cim neat
the Government of New G.eiladist and
hopes were nniertamed that it new muon
Would I to form'll between thesepeiate
Flutes, at least lor lltn purposes of foreign
ftUercoin so. Our miaisier ha, been in-
furled to use Ins good offices, whenever
they ahull bn desired, to produce the
reunion so modi to bo wished for that do
mestic tranquility of tho patties, and the
Oltciiiity and facility of foreign commerce.
Sonm .tv ..tions naturally .lttmirlnni Oil
Uh mil.it reign, ,lnivi prevailed in the
empire at Br itil, which nave h id the iisu-
ul effect upon com met end operations; and,
•lulu they suspended die roniideiation of
r.tnicis created on similar occasions, they
have givon rise to now complaints on ilio
part ol our citizens, A proper consider-
niton for calamities'and diOknlnni of this
nature has ntuiio ns less uigeiit and
pi'ruiupun y In our deiltniull for justice ihun
duty -o our follow oiiixniis would, under
Other i,.i cm. , i.n us, liuvu icqnired, llut
their dmin • 'itino tetiiiicled, and will, on
nil proti . ' .'loot, lie urged, and, It is
hoped w l efl'oci.
I iel in lmm making any cnmmmiicn-
turn i d i ulijeci ol mu flairs vvnli
Oui.'ii ih Ayres, In c.nisi die uegii.iainm
cemmiiuii'N'i’d m vou m III. Iasi Vinuiiul
mi-Si.i o, was, .n dll) d e of oar Iasi .<1 -
vices, siill pending, amt in a slate ili.n
would rendei a publirniion of 'he details
Inexpedient.
A liealy ol amity and eonimerco has
been loriiiod wtlu the .epublir of ( lull,
which if app ovid bv ihe Senate, will be
imd belon you. Thai Uovernmein
fiiH’ais in he esianl.alird, and ai neuce wild
its neighbors; and its pons being die
rosuris of our snips, which me . in .loved
in ihe Inghly impoiiani unde of ihe bsn
erio«, Hus comioi.icial convention Caunui
but be uf great >dv ullage lo our fellow-
ri.liens engaged in that penlous bui pio-
C ble nusiiiess.
O'M commerce with tbn neighboring
d ate Pern, owing to ihe onerous dunes
levied alt our principal arliclnt of eapou,
has oe. u on me decline, and II eudsavors
to puiciiri' an at.ei.niuii • have liiilierio
proved truitless. v nil Bolivia, wo li.iv
yet no dipluma.K iiitercouise, and iiio
coniinuul continual cones:* earned
beiweeii ii und Peru have made iiio de-
fei, an it a more favorable period, the
oppmuioiom of any agent for linn purpose.
Au net of atrocious pirnry having been
com .w cd no one of our trading ships, bv
(lie tali din.mu ot u snuloment on iho west
cn ist.ji N on nra, a friguie was despatched
with (irilnr.s o demand satisfaction foi tin
injury, if thuso who I'nmmiiied it should
betii-oid numbers of a tegular governinen',
cuoi.d'. oi maintaining itie usual I’rlaiioiis
wnp foreign nations; bui it, us ii was sup
posed, iind as tnyy proved lo be, they
v- i bond of lawless pirates, io mflict
sar i • iiasnsumeni as would deier hein
I " iery from like aggression*. The
•i was done, mid mo effect lias been an
• K’0*»nd-r*$pnei |.„ ur fl ,g j n
CM mi seas and additional ancurit t tor our
e.'imnerce.
In dm view l liuvu given ol our cun-
.lex.nn with foreign powers, illusions luce
been m ide in their domes.i ■ disiurhatices
in lornig i wns, in then revolutions o
disssnuims. It nsy bo,siuper 1 oobserve,
ihai tins is done solely in r ises wnere
those evoms rltoct our" p .h foal rel,
wrlidiem,o to show llieir o|iei ili.ni
ourcommeice Firmer duo do., ,, , s
ntu'lie’’ our pod ”* a our right io foiw
fere. Our best w sites, an ill occasions,
our good offices When reqiited, will p,.
afforded in prontate die dumeaiic tranquil,
ity and foreign pe ice of .ill ninnus tv. h
whom ww hove any intercourse A iv
tnterventiot in their affiirs farther than
this, even by the expression of uo offi
opinion,* contrary to our principles .,(
International policy, and will ulwiva be ■-
voidod.
Plmcaport which me Secre «rv of die
Tif imry will, indue limo, lav before (ou,
wdl exhibit the national fin me ■ in » hig >
iy os' -'ousstalo. Owoigio die c ,i
It" **/ v • tecesa of our commermil em .
'Jfi-.a, Which has apablcd tbn mcrchamato
..■m-.&rz'.- C.ih ihu VhitsciB-
1 , i. r •, ms during
• . rm rs itn’■(ipreseni’ei
t ' ; aad, with the otimr
I .nary, will prove fully
i.r’ o ;n»ct ihe increased
eudiiiircs rnsul .ug from the l .rge ap
propriations made bv Congiuss,hoi topio
vide lot iho payment of all (he public deb
which is ai present rodoemabln. I-is now
oai-1 tn ! Ci ibeit
' men 1 , 'in
me ye *
ai the las
me ms «l
adequate, out
porsrv, and, gyeerally, r i icidcutsl ptotfc-.
tion, which hey maiuraiw has the effect td
reduce ihe price by domestic compMiuoM
>«tow ibai Ot the foreign article, fcxpe-
neace, however, our best guide on hw as
on o her subjects, makes it doubtful wheth
er the advantages bf this system are not
eournerbatanced r,y msiiy evils,and wheth
er ii dors not tend to Ixiget in the minds
of a large per.ion of our countrymen a
sum ued that the customs will yield to j spirit of disconteill iud jjflously dangerous
to ihe stability of din Union.
tVhat then shall be done l Lsige m-
teiesi* have giewn up undei tint implied
pledge of oor natioeal legislation which it
wooid seem a violation of publiclaiili sud
denly io abandon. Nothing could justify
it Ikii ihe public safety, winch is ihe su
preme law. Bd those who have vested
their capital in inaiiolaciuriug osiablish-
ihe Treasury, during the proseoi year,
upwards ol iwi’tijy igbt millions of not
lars. rim public lauds lioWevru, h ivu
proved less pio inc.ive thin was aniicipa
led; i..d, ai.coidmg n» present inform iti.fo,
wdl noi rum Ii exceed two millions. The
expediluies for all objects other iban ihe
public debt, are estimated in am lum (III
nag ihe year, lo a )»• snieen millions
and * naif, while a li.-ger sum; viz; cigh
wen millions of dollars, will lia«n been
applied lo die principal and intercs. of the
public debt.
It isexni’i’.ied, However, that in const 1 -
qijence ol .no minced ratesofdutv, which
will take effect niter Ihu 3rd March ne*’,
mere will Im a considerable filling idr in
iiio rover.ielioni ctisioins in ihn vein 1833.
It will Aevortlielesv, be amply »uHxci«iirto
provide for all ihe wains of the public ser
vice, estimated even upon a libotiil scale
and for the ledempiion mid purchase of
the i m itii.ler of ilm potilic Hub., On (lie
fits T.ieulay in J uuary iier.i, tiiu .'lit re
public debi of die Um ed Hours, tun.led
and unfunded, will bn reduced to within
s Ii union of seven millions of dollars; of
which £2.227.369 are not ot ngil r<*
dennia ini n din fust of January. 183d.
and 4,733 2l>f*. no; until iiio 2nd nl J .Ho
urs 1833 The cnminissinticrs ol the
inking land, however, lining invested Wtili
apprebeaxio* dM it ibffa Tifogor « Zulu —,. , - .
denosiiory of the money of be pewplb. . cbwvous and corrupung luiaence upon
Among the interests winch merit the elections, by bolding oai te the people iho
coasident ion of Coagress, after the pay- tallacious nope that ihe success of a cer-
meot of the public debt, oiiu of the mo»i| tain candidate will make navigable iheir
impot 1*04, in my vuj\», is tiim ot ihe pub- • ueighbouriu^ creek Or riveff bring com-
lic lkflfh. Previous io iho fonnui ni of; merco io iheir doors, end increase Hie
ibepreteni comuii*.ion, ii was recommen-1 value if their property. It thus t i*oi*
freqQMLy igboraatg it ^ometss « am- which renders its ttciinu csfent'al fa the
ded by Coogi ess that « portion ol ihe west-, combination! to »q -roder the treasure of
era’lmds oww’d by ihe ffiaies should be. the country upon a multitude of local
ceded to the Untied States for the purpose ! objects, as fatal to just legislation as to the
of general harmony, an.i as a lund to purity uf the public men.
imssa the extienses of war. The recoin- If a system compatible with the conslt-
m-nd ition wss adopted, and ai diffa eot lotion cannot bo devtsi-ri, which is bee , . , ,
periods of time, he Stale* bt M .ssacno- from such lendeiicns, we should recollect 1 lary of War, and lo the documents .sub-
-etis. New York, Virginia, North an J, taal that instrument provides ivtthtn itself | nutted with it. you will see the progress
Sooth t;,rrolina and Genrei i, granted their; mo inode of itsameiirliUHtii; and mat mere j which has been made since your last ses-
is, thcrefoic, no excuse lor the assuiup-1 sion in llto arningenienl of the various
uou ol iloubrfui powers by die Geueral! ro liters connected with our Indian rela-
Govern neiii. If those which are clearly | tions.
establishment or improvement of iho syj.
tera and I recommend the matter to vour
consideration, m the conviction that the
state of tins important arm of the public
defence requires your attnntion.
I atn happy to mini m you, that the wiso
and liutnano policy of trausferiog front
the eastern lo the western side of tho
Mississippi, the remnants of onc-aborigin-
al tribes, with their own consent, and upon
jusr terms, lias been steadily, pursued, and
is approaching, I trust, its consumation.
Dy rbfereiiru lo the report of tho Soffte-
varanl soil for the uses for which diey
had been asked As die laud* may now
be considered a* relieved from ibis pledge
inents cannot expect that the people will j the object for which they were ceded h :v
continue perm iimndv to piy high taxes j ing been accomplished, ii is in die dtscre-
for eeir lsosn-0 , wheii the money is not I tton of Congress to dispose of them in
required toi any legiiira ilr.. pin pose in iho such wav a* best n> conduce io the quiei,
idimriHtiatinn uf llic Isoverrimeiii, Is u
iioi enuiigh thin the high duties h rve been
paid as I mg as the motley arising from
ih m, could in. applied io die common
beiicfi in die exiinguslimunl of die public
deb:? »
Those who take an enlarged view of
tlie coiid tinn of our country, must lie sat
iilinu that tiie policy ul pruiecti'in must
lie uhininu’ly limited io those articles of
__ _ With one exception, every subject
giamed shall be found incompetent to the j involving any question of conflictng ju-
ends of ns creation, it can at any time up- 1 e 1 l ‘‘ B
ply for t.teir enlargement; and tiiere is no
probability that Midi ad application, if
founded on Hie putilic .uterest, will ever
be refused. If the propriety uf the pro-
risdiction, oruf peculiar difficnlty, has becnA
happily disposed of, aad die conviction
evidently gains ground among tiio Indi
ans, that their removal lo (lie country as
signed by the United States for thoir per--
harmony, and general interes', of die A-
m.-ncan people III oxaininiiik' this qocs-
(ion, all local and sectional foelmg should
be discarded, and 'he whole United States
regarded as ono people, interested alike
in the prosperity of their common coun
try. , _
' It csiinot be doubled that the speedy j fourth of the States are unwilling to make yet, to make n s itisfaefory adjustment,
settlement of th.’se lauds constitutes tho j the grain, its exercise will be productive | Such was my anxiety to temove all tho
true inteiest ot tho republic. The wealth ] of discontents which will f.yr overbalance j grounds of complaint, and lobring to
posed grant be cot sufficiently apparent to ! manent residence, fninishes the only liopo
cuinmaud the assent of (hree’fourths of the j of thnir ultimate prosperity,
siaies the uesi , ossibfo rea on why die] Wi.h tlmt portion ol' the Ciierokces,
power should not lie assumed ou doubtful j however, living within the State of Geor-
iiolliouty is afforded*, for if mote dun one i gia, it Jius been found impracticable, ta
domestic ni inufaciuro which are ifl lisp, n- j and strength of n country ore its populn- j any advantages that could lie derived from
■ ■■*’' ■ • * ■ * * 1 ' it. All mast admit that them is uodiing
so worthy of the constant solicitude ol this
government, as the harmony and union of
die peeple.
Being solemnly impressed with the con
viction dial diuex'oiidon of me power to
mako internal improvements beyond .be
limit 1 have suggested, even if it bo duoin-
salilc in our safety in dm - of tvar. VVi'hin
llii* scopo, .in n rciMOiiable scale, il is re
commended by every consideration of
pairin'ism snd duty, which will doubtless
always serine in i' a lilimal and efficient
support. Cut beyond ibis obi
tion, and ho besi pan ol ihai po million,
are the cultivators ol the soil. Indepeu
dom farmers .ro everv where the basis of
society, and true friends of liberty.
in addition to these considerations, qnos-
tions have already arisen, and may bu ex-
liave already seen the operation of lbn ported hereafter to grow out of the public
sient productive of discontent. In sum.- j lands, which involve the rights of the new
full authority to purchase the debt at the j sections of the republic, its inf .anco is de- States, and ihu powers of iho General I ed consiiiutiouid, is subversive of the best
marke price, and the menus of ihn Tree- j precutod as lonibug iu cnuceoiraio wealth | Government; and unless n liberal policy ; interests of our tuuntiy, 1 earnestly re-
stir-- being ample, Ii may lie ho ed lliai
tile whole trill bo extinguished witlui the
year 1833.
I canon; to cordially congratulnto Con
gres* tindniy feHotv-chiZens on the near
approach uf that inmnoahlu it ml Inppy e-
event, Ihn extinction of the public ilidit of
this groat and free nation. 1'iiihfnl in
the wise and patriotic poliev m irked Dili
by the legislation ol (lie country for this
object, the administration has rtcvou.d o it
all the menu* which a fl'Hinshing 'com
merce lias supplied, and a tint lent econ
omy preserved, for the public Treasury.
Within the four years, I'm which (lit* peo
ple Ituvn confided the executive power o
niy cliaige, (if v e'ghi millions of ilnlhi's
sill have been applied m die pnymeni ol
the public d>'li .—Tti it -his Ii is been ar-
cum'ilislied wiilimit simiing 'he expendi
tures toi all oilier pioper objr.rn, will lie
saeii by refill ring lo itin liliernl provision;,
made, during ihn same period, fie ihe sup
port and increase ol our ineausof msii ntte
and militarv dnlence, for imorniil i n
provnmeins of i union.il character, fo
Him remov .1 and presorv ilion uf die |mli
ans, .n l lastly Ids din gailani veterans
die (Involution
Tim fin d removal of this great huilhen
front oui ieeiiiirces .ffn ils the m. ans uf
furihor provision, lor all the iibjuna of
genera! welfare anil puhli. dete .re which
ttie cunsniii'ioii uitho. iw* and preaeuts
Ihe occasion for such In .tier leiluclion ill
die i avenue *i* iu.i\ no' be required tor
'hem. From the report of the Secretary
of lIn* Treasury, i' will tie seen that, al
ter die present year, such u redueliou may
lie made n> a cmi*i.iorable e*:ent; and 'h>'
lobje. t is enrnes'lv recommended IQ the
ronsideration of Congress, in (lie hope
(h it ihe combined wisdom of die ropie
into a few bauds, and a# creating thiise j be now adopted, there is danger that these i commend to Congress to refrain from ns
germs of dependence uud vice which, in , questions may spnedilv assume an intper- (ex.: rase, in doubtful cases, except in rc
oiher countries, have dbaracinri'/eil the ; lance not now generally aniieipated. Theilaiion to improvements
fliumco of a great sectional interest,
existence of monopolies and prove so
destructive of liberty and the goneral j when brought into full Action, will he
go.nl. A large portiuu of the people, in ] found inoro dangerous to the harmony mid
one section of ill.- republic, declares it not' union of ihe Slates than any other cause
only inexpedient on these grounds, hut as ] ol discontent; and it is the part of wisdom
disturbing the equal i obvious nf property ■ and sound policy to foresee its approaches
Iren y begun,
unlnssthey shall fust procure Hum the slate
such an uineiidiiinnt of die cous itulion as
will define its detractor, and piescnbe its
bounds. If tho states feel themselves
rumputent to these objects, why snauld tins
government wish iu assume die power?
by legislation, Hod thereliireuncuiistituiiou- j and endeavor if possible, to counteract j If they do not, then they will not hesitate,
I to mako die grunt. Both governments
! them.
with the importance of a speedy md salis-
fiictoiv arrangement ol the subject, I
deem him duty, on ibis occasion, to urge
it upon your consideration, and, to Hie
propositions winch have been heieiolore
suggested hv others, lo roniiiUiila those
leflecliim* which have neeured to me, in 1 th
mil unjust.
Doubtless, these effects are, iu n grout
degren, ex iggerated, and may he ascribed | been hitlierio |iroposed in regard to
10 n mii'.ikbn .view ef the considei idons
Wliu’li hid lo theedotjliun of the taeff sys
tem; but they ar« novurtiielvss iniportiiiit
in enabling us to review the subject with a
mom ilioroiigli knowledge of ail us bear
ings open die great interests of the rnptih
lie, and-with a de'erinmntion to dispose if
11 so dial none can, with justice, c-ippl dii.
It is mv paluful iluiy to state, did, in
oite qii.ittor of die Uni'od 8- iU'<, nppusi
lion iu die revenue laws ha- risen io a
'Might which threaten* m liwuri ineir exe
cut ion, if not to .'nil ingii die miegrity'of
die Union. Whatever olis'ruciiona inav
tin thrown in die way of die judicial au-
'iioriii.-s of die Geu.ra) Govnmiiien', it is
hoped tlirv will be able, peseeablv, 10 o-
veicome ilium by the prudence of their
own oflj. i’is, and the patriotism of >he
poop!". Bill should ties reasonable reli
ance on the modelatioii anil good sense nl
ul! port ions of our fellow cit-zena he ffiaup
poin',id, it is bnlievn.i that die laws them
•elves are fully Hilequaie to (be suppres
sion of such uimmpis as may lie ioimeili-
utelv made. Should die exigency aria.’,
rendering tnn nxocudo.i of the extsdup
laws iinpracdcable, liom any cause ivli.t
Of the various schemes which have j aro the govorinuenis ol tho people: till-
the
teiimnaiion the difficulties io which they
ate involved, dial i directed Ihe very lib
eral pi opositions to bo made to ilieni
which accompany iho documents hoiewitlfc
submitted. They cannot hut have sect),
in these offers the evidence of die strong
est disposition, on the part of div*govern-
incnt, to deal justly arid liberally wills
thorn. An ample indemnity was ojjered
for hioir present possessions, a liberal’
provision for tlieivftnure support and im
provement, nod full security fur llieir
private und political lights. Whatever’
difference of opinion may have prevailed.'
respecting the just claims of lasso people*
there will piob.iblv lie none respecting;
ihe liberality >.f the propusinons, and ve
ry hide respecting die expediency uf their-
immediate acceptance. They were, how-
evei, rejected, and dius ihu position of
tluwe Indians remains unchanged, a* do
(ha vieyvs commuiuca ed in my . on *s.>go
to dm scnati', ol Fchiua.y, 1831,
I iolci you to I--0 annual report cf .no
provnnmiiis must lie made wilh me men-
disposnl of iho public lands, none has yei jit.
received die emire ..apmobatiun of ihe lb. ... , _ .
National Legislatuie. Deeply impressed j simple and economical political maltmes, ol that branen of the service during (lie
dm slate governments, it will, unqu.-s-1 present year,
tnni.ibly, lie safer and betloi for the people
uy of die people; and if die money can | Secretary of dm Navy, which accompanies
ollectud and applied by thosi' -niore j this message, foi n detail of dm operations
dm hope dial they may assisi you in your iouclu cheerfully to acquitsco.’
future deliberations. | Fora unladed anil highly satisfactory
Ii seems o me lo he our true policy i view ol the operations of the W ar De-
dint the public lands shall coaso, as soon j parinmnt, I refer lo vou tho accompa-
ns practicable, io he n source of revenue, | nymg report of the Secretary of War.
und dint limy be sold to settlers, in limned I I he hostile incursions of the Sac and
parcels, nl n price barely sufficient to re ■ Fox Indians necessarily led io dm intor-
imburse to tho Uniuid S ates me expense ] position of the Government. A pottion
ot die present system, and dm cost arising ! of the troops, under Goiiornls Scott, mid
iindoi our Indian comp orts. The advan- Alkiuson, and of the militia of dm State
vnut gesof nccm.ite suiveys >nd un oulit- ot Illinois, ivero called into the field. At-
e ’ tides, uoiv secured to purchasers, seem | ler a liarressing warfare, prolonged by dio
to loihnl Hie abolilien uf the present sys-1 nature of the country, and by the difficulty
Bom vs the general remarks on some ef
than to ndd to the splendor, die patronago j dm transnciions of our navy, piesented in
anil ihe power, of ihe general govern- i the view which has been taken of our
mein. Um if iho people of the several, foreign relations, ! seize Hits occasion to
states think otherwise, they will amend I invito to your notice die increased prutec-
ons'.union, and, hi their decision, al! . uou which it lias afforded to our coiumecco
and citizens un distant seas, without any
augmentation ol iho force in commissions
In the gradual improvement of its pecu
niary concerns, in the couslnut pi ogress in
die selection of maierials suitable for use-
during future emeigcncios, and im thru
construction of vessels, and the buildings,
necessary D their preservation and repair,
die present slate olthis branch uf lUe.ser-!
> ice exhibits Hiefruiis of that vigilance and!
care which are so indispensable io it* i.fii-
cioncy. Various now suggestions con-
tamed in the annexed report, as well a»
odmis heieiolore submitted to Congress,
age W’.rthy of your attention;, but nouo-
lem because none can he substituted ot procuring subsistence, die Indians were
Wlucti will more peifectly accomplish j entirely detested, and the disaffected baud
thnse imnortant ends. It is desirable,! dispersed or destroyed. Tim result lias i more so dun t'.-.u urging the renewal, for
huwevei, ihni, in convenient inns, thisbeen creditable to iho troops engaged in ! anodic-r term of six years, of tho general
midinieiy be withdr .wit from Hie Sillies,, die service. Severe as is the lesson to I appropriation for the gradual unp/ovenmnt
over, prompt notice of il wdl be.given to j and Im die right of sod, und the foiuro ) the Indians, it was rendered necessary by | of die navy.
Congress, with the suggestion nf slic.i j disposition uf it, bo smrootle.cd io die their unprovoked aggressions; and il is to
seiltaiives of mo people will devise such j views and measures «s may bo doomed | tita es, respoclively, in winch n hes.
Too .idvomurous and liardy pOpulauon
of mo vvesi, besides ronu ilnitiiig llieir e-
means of rtferting lli il talulurv object, its j necessary to moot it.
may remove those burthens which shall bo In con foi mity widi principhi* liereio
f.iuod in fill unequally, upon .my and as j fore exula ued, and with tho ho, e of re ' qu d sltaio of taxation under uur impost
promme all die gre ii interests ot dm > during tlm Gnuoral Government In linl »y stein, Have, in die progress nf .mi Gnv-
eninmiinit\. simple macliinn which the constitution 1 nrnnieui, fur iho lands ihoy occupy, paid
Lung ml pitiont reflection hnsttreuglb-1 emitted, and of W:ih>lrawinu from die into tim i'leasury a lalge proportion ot
(Mir-rt inn .ipiuions I have hereiufnre ox-j plains all oilier inflneuce than lliai nf ns forty millions ol dollars, .inrj, of ilm lev-
pressed to f.nngress on ibis sidijecl; and I I universal huneficenre in pruseivmg pe ice euue luceived dnrelniul, bui a small pari
ii’om it my duty, on die present occssion,! affnriliiig an uniform currcnrv, inriuiiaiii- has buen expended amongst ilmin. When,
ig un 'o ingo Ihem^unnn die . ttentinn of j mg the inviolability of con'racis, diffiisiag to tlm disadva itrge ol llieir situatmn in
......... .. intolligunr.v, and discliingiug, unfelt, its j ibis respect, we add me consideration dial
* moil labor alone winch gives real
e n ilie hinds, and thni Hie proceerls
Oi 'min Hieir sale are distributed
fly .mo.ig Stains winch had not ori
; be hoped that its impression will be perm a
nenl and salumry.
the Legislator'.. The soundest maxims!
of public nolicy, am! die principles it-1 other^ripormiendiug luiK.iuiis, I recoin-' ii
pon which our repitMican insiilutions are ] mend (hat provision he made to dispnsn of I va
foondeil, recommend n uroner mlaption of all smeis now held bv n m .-orpnniiioiis, j r
the revenue to thn expenditure, anil they i whclhur c-eat-d by the G.'.jieriil or Sure
minislr ition shrill bo consistent with the I die«n stocks are of little
also leqniro that die expenditures shall; Government*, and placing dm proceeds! gmaily
e limited te what, hv nil econnmical ud-jin the Treasury. As u .i'liirr'i ol urofit. ' enjoyed die undivided emolument arising
j from die sole of iliotr own lauds, ii cannot
he expected that iho bow States will re
main longei coiiteuted with die present
unions. Flin whole principle upon which policy, after the payment of me public,
iliev are bused, is rleemed by many uncoil- debt. To avon the consequences winch
siitiHroiial, and, to o-rs'sl in die policy
whirli they indic ne, is considered wholly
IneX re.liein.
Ii 's my dmv to a. qu.mo you well the
r-
Fiorn the nccompaning report of tho
Fosimnstfir General, you will also perceive-
that die department continues to extend
This campaign has evinced the efficient j its-usefulness wiihnut impairing Us resour^t
organizaliou of dm aiiuy, und ilscapacity
lor prompt and active service. I is sev
eral rlep irtinmils have pm formed iheir
functions with energy and des|Htlrh, and
tho General movement was satisfactory.
Our fello.iv citizens upon tho frontiers
were ready, n they always are, ih the ten
der of then services in the hour ofdanger.
But a more efficient organisadon of nur
militia system is esseniial to that security
which is one of the principal ohjocts of all
governments. Neither out situation uur
uur insiilutions, require or permit the
ny claim te them, and which have j mnintnincm-e of a large regular force.
History offers loo many htssuus of dm la-
simplicity of din Government, and here* ! n means of infli.encfl among dm Srites,
s.iry to un efficienl pnlilic' service, in ihev aro arlvurs.’ to die purity of oHr iusd ■
affecting diis adjustment, ii is due, in jus-
lice in dm imoresl* uf die different Stales,
snd oven to tho pinser vrrdtiii of the (Juni'
ilselt, Hint (lie pruteciiuu afforded by exia
dug fries, 10 anv brain Ii of the n nen.i
mdusiry, sliuold nol exceed whai may In
necessary lo counteract ihe rvgulaiinu* ol. ormigi'inmi made h\ lit” Bank, of ill
foreign nations, and to secure a supply ol naed Series with a po 'niii oflti'n holders
those articles of inanuficiuie, csiemisl n ,il br> rtiree U e. cen'. slock, by which tlm
ihe national independence and •aiiuy in Oovei-mnen' will be deprived nl ihe ii*r- of
lime of war. If, upon invosug.ilidii, ii the puldir fumls longer ilimi w is an'tripie-
•h.dl be found as u ■» believed ii w:|l he,
dial tile legishnivepiotecimiigiaiiiod lo a-
uy partieiilar interest is grejier .hail is in-
disiiensibiy requitiio for ihese objects, i
rsceinmeud, th e it be gradually dimimsli
ed,uud dial, us tar nimv lie eonns enl
ted. By this uiraiigeineni, which will lie
jntriirnlarlv eXiiluined bv die Secretary of
*h* Tie isin v, •> sii lender of Iiio cerrili
ratal of ill s si ick niav be post .oned mini
Ornhei, and thus die liahilriy nf
th
may be appit lmnded from ibis cause, ro
put an end lor ever to >11 partial and in-
ten sled legislation on tins subject, and to
aff ird io every American cinytrio nf enmr-
priso, Hie appoi luimy nf sucuting ail mile-
pi iidoiii lieemild, it suums to me, there
foie, best io abandon die idea of raising
a lii'ore levenne out of the public lauds.
• In miinei messages, I liav: cxpiessed
my cuaviciiou teat iIn■ coiisiituiion does
lal result of sue r a measure, not In warn
ns against its adoption Imre. Tim ex-
p> use which intends ii, die obvious ten-
rlencv to employ it because it exists, and
thus >o engage in unnecessary wars, and
t's ultimate ifungcr to public liberty,
will lead us, I trim, to place our principal
dependence for pri.iertinn on die groa t
body of ihe citizens of dm republic. If
n asserting rights or in repelling, wrongs,
war should coino upon (is, our regular
force should uo increased to an extent pro
portioned lo llii'emergency, and our pres
ent small army is n nucleus mound
winch such force could be formed and cm
no w irriint dm application ol the funds | bodied. Bui, for the purposn of delcoco
wnh these objects, Hie whole scheme ol rli nge the debt, way he comiiiued by Hi
hides he reduced :o die revenue *■ 'tid.ird • fiihire lit 'h? hank lo perfonn its dune*,
is soon ns a pisi icgird to 'hefaiHiot the Such im iisuies a* ire widiiu ihe roach
govermuiiiit, mid (o i lie preservation of ihe 1 of h" Sgcveta V of the Tieasm v live
I irge capital invested iu esi iblishmi-uls of bin’ . I ikon lo enable him io judge wheth
er the public depose* in that institution
lo iliesu i- -nay be regarded as entirely sate; hut, as
fee
d *itii'stir itidustrv, wdl piwmi
I nat niaiiot (ctiirtr- adeq i i f
K id uur doutcxdc cnn-iimpumi could, ’.Axis limited power, may prose inadeq'.i.iie
ii t le absirac., he lieucfici il iu om coiiH rtrl this olijei;!, I rer.nnmnn l die suhjen in
u y, there i* no ien..n ro dmihq and o trt- Hie .itlendost of Congress, under the firm
i ierr nsiahii*h'neni,ilier>’ is, |MH-ha(is, j belief that it is werdiv of :heir scrieus in-
Aiue.iraii cni*.'n who w.ial I net, f>r r i vesligaioix. All inquiry inloihe traiisuc
usv a h'gker prtet-for I ions of ihe msii unon, embuctng die
branches as well a* the principal hank,
seem* called for bv the credo which is
given ihrouchom the country to many so
rious charges impeaching nt characier,
mi<4 Wffwh, if (xtfo, cfoy justly excito tjio
while, Ii > wilting
diem.—Bu fur hi* purpose, M is pre*o
Ii»e i 'im 1 HI iff )f high duii '*, designed
I nerpelual pm-ecnon, h it entfrred ni’O
"• nniilsdf bin few ol otir statesmen.
I’he most the/ haro tnttqify ud , t e«
of ho General Govemracul io objects ot
intetn.il laiproveuieiit w ich are no; na-
iioinl m iheir charocter( and, both os a
Gover'iisieni^aiier . i's iliiliiy io Hi* * ni ins of doing jtisuce io all mteresis, anil
.. - ... i i •— porting an end IO a course of h'gislalioil
calculo ed to destroy ihe purilv of ilm
G ivonnneiii, nave urged Hie necessity ot
rediiciiig too whole subject to same fixed
a.id cer'Hin rule. As there never will oc-
oiii a period, pern ips, moie propi ious
ill ni the ,ireseni lo tin- .rccomrdisiinieiit
of ihi* objert, ! ueg lesv - io pruts too »ab-
jeci again noon your alientioii.
VVi.nou 9 ripe general and well defined
piinciples i*cei ■ lining those object* of
in.emd inn avr-nn.’iii lo which the me ms
of ihe union ni r; be consti.mion illy ap
plied, n j* obvious dial the exercise of tho
powei ran never be satisfactory. Besides
ihe dinger lo which it expose* Congress
oi mikiog li.isiy appropriations to winks
Of tlto character of which th«y may bn
under ordinary rimimsiances, we musi
rely upon the oleclors of tho counirv.
Those by whom, mid for whom, the Gov
eminent was iusliiulcil, ami is supported,
will coosttmie its protection its ihe* hour
of clanger, us they do its chec* in the hoar
of safety.
Out it is obvious ihr.t the militia system
is impeifect. Much time is Inst, much no
necessary expense incurred and much pub
lic properly wasted, under the present
arrangement. Little iKefiil knowledge is
gained by the musters and drills, as now
ettnblished, and Ihe whole wubjurt evi
dently requires a through examination.
Whether a plan of classification lemed-
ying these defects, and providing for a
system of instruction, might not be adop
ted, is sulnni ted m Hie consideration of
Congre-*. ThpConstitution has ves'edin
Hie Geuer .1 Government an independent
ces, or lesecning the accommodations
which i# affords to tho seenro and rnoiij
transportation uf the mail,
I Leg lonvo to call the attention of
Congress to the views heretofore, express
ed in relation to the mode of choosing tho
President anil Vice President ol iho
United states, ant! io those resporiing tho
tenure uf uffice generally. Still impressed
with iho justnesajof iliiwe views, and wiili
lie belief (lint the modifications suggested
ou those subjects, it adoptnd, will contri
bute io tho prosperity and ha ntonv of
the country, I earnestly recommend them
0 your coiisideia ion at this time.
1 have lioretofore pointed out defects iu
the law for punishing official frauds, espe
cially within the Di-lrict of Columbia.
It has been found almost impossible to
bring notorious culprits to punishment*
ami, according to a decision of 'lie court
for this District; a prosecution is barred
by n lisps of two years niter the fraud has
bocn committed. It may happen again,
us it has already happened, that, during
the whole two years, all the evidences of
tho fraud may lie in the possession of llio
culprit himself. However proper tho
limitation may he in relation to privntoi
citizens, it would seem that it ought not io
commence running in favor of public offi
ccrs until they go out of office.
Tlm judiciary ays nm ef' ihu United
States remains itnirerfoct. Of the nino
wratorn mid southwestern Suites, ihroo
only enjov the benefits of u circuit court.
Ohio, Kentucky, and Tenitesxee, ura.
embraced in the general system; but Indi'-
und, Illinois,' Missouri, Alabama, Missis
sippi and Louisiana have only district’
conrts. If the exisiiug 'system be a good
one, why should it noi be eateoded T It
it he a bad ono, why is it sufleped to exist X
The new Siatas were promised equal
right* and privileges when they cam* into
the Union, and such ire ihe guaranties of
ihe Constitution. Nothing rm b« moro
obvious than the obligation of tho Gener
al Government to piste all ihe Slates or*
the same footing in relation io the admin
istration of justice, aud I trust • Ids duty-
will he neglected no longer.
•mlwri'J t»F<m tlw sttbjocj of tbn militia,} ■ Chj mny subjects to which year gum-