Newspaper Page Text
V
"\N\VA
MR WlLDLSSrr.ECii.
(Continued from oitr last.)
Much has heen aaM in the court* of this de
bate Mbout nullification. On that doctrine he had
once, expreHed an opinion,df which he had no
thing to retraci, nothing to explain. Nullifica
tion could do little hnrrtt but lor the help of the
tsriflL It reminded him uf n laying, which he
would quote for the gentlemen from Connecti
cut, [Messrs Ellsworth and Huntington] who
had quoted him; "the devil would not do no
much miichief, if it were not for the witches/'
The gentlemen had been pleased to extract
from a certain tetter uf hii, such parts as they
thought made in favor of their argument; and
they referred to them with much praise, nnd
some triumph. One advantage that letter tit
least procured him—some slight credit for can
dor and flir-dealing, nnd reputation for cour
age enough to tell the truth. But if lie was n
gnod witness for the East, he wui for the South {
alio. His testimony,.if it was worth any thine,!
mull taken altogether. If it would be good
to show the origin of tiie restrictive system, it
would bo good to prove tho deeply scaled, nil-
pervading discontent of the Southern Suites.
It would avail ai testimony that Union and tho
present protective duties are incompatible.
Wo must choose between them.
Tho gentlemen from Connecticut, [Messrs.
Huntington ahd Ellsworth] had rocotnmended
to his attention parts Of his own letter. There
were other parts which he would foeo amend
to theirs, —iff his memory served him, ho hud
there said, too many would be found in every
country lo'flatter apd inflame the inclinations of
whom or whatsoever may be sovereign; com-
para lively'few toargoe with tho masters of votes
or religions. For tho mason, then, that if lie
were the representative 01 a manufacturing dis
trict expressing at that crisis, Implicit beliet
In the benoficient magic of tho restrictive poli
cy he should attempt to mitigate their Zeal and
confidence; for the same reason, appealing to
those who Were convinced of its malignant influ
enco, it was his dut y to soothe if possible, their
just indignation. Unless this course ot conduct
was pursued by all who aspired to be thought
houest and dispassionate, must not alienation
spread and boemnn incurable? Do nut the gen
tlemen from Connecticut, continued Mr. W.,
•spire to be thought honest and dispassionate?
If thoy do, let 'them answer mo this question.
Tito gontldtnen have praised—Ituvo they imita
ted me?
With respocl to the character of the right to
secede, and the circumstances nnd limitations un
der which it could be exdrcised, this was nut the
time to discuss them. He would say but a
word. Unless thore were instundes in which •
State could say to her associates, "Non in hefc-
ftedcra venimus," disguise it as wo will, this
is a groat consolidated Government; und if, fur
maintaining her construction of the compact
through her courts und juries, she is tube sabred
and bayoneted, it is n despotism.
Last session we wore told, “if Carolina will
go/lef her gel" Wo were told “wo could not
drive her out bf the Union.” Now wo must
cut tho tbfoats of hor citizens if she will not re
main!
On 1his head, lie cottld not avoid reciting an
apt passage from tho declaration and protest
drawn up by Mr. Jefferson, with the intention of
being submitted'to the Legislature of Virginia.
“Whilst the General Assembly thus declares
‘the rights rotainod by the Stales, rights which'
Ihev Itavo never yielded, and -which this State
will never voluntarily yield, they do not mean
to raise the banner of disaffection or rtf separa
tion from their sister stales, coparties with thonv
solves to this compact. They know nnd vitluo
loo highly the blessings of thqir Union as to for
eign nations and questions arising airtong them-
aoTvos, to consider every infraction as to be mot
by actual resistance. They respect too affec
tionately the opinions of thoso possessing the
same rights under the same Instrument, to make
every difference of construction a ground of im
mediate rupture. Thoy would Indeed consider
such a rupture as among the greatest calamities
which could befall them; but not the greatest.—
There is yet one groator—submission to a Gov
ernment of hnlimited powers. It is only when
the hope of avoiding this shall become abso
lutely despnrale, that further forbearance could
not be indulged. Should a mujorilv bf the ro-
psrtle.t, therefore, contrary to the expectation
and hope of this assembly, prefer at this time,
acquiorrence in these airaninption. of power bv
tho federal member df the Government, we
will be palietit, ahd suffer much under the confi
dence that time, ere it be ton lot", will prove to
them also the bitter consequences in which that
usurpationtril?involve us all. In the mean while
we will breast with them rnlltor than separate
from them every misfortune, savo that only of
living under a Government of unlimited p"ow-
pire; assuring myself, that, while I act Op-
“ Mni fail to
A further development
was -to be found ia his letter to .Mr. Giles, on these principle I shall
from which Mr. W. bogged lesvp to read receive your assistance and
a couple of passages. "I sue tteyeu do,
end with the deepest affliction, the rapid
strides with which the federal branch of
our government it advancing towards the
usurpation of all the rights reserved to the
Stales, and the consolidation in itself of all
powers, foreign and domestic; and that
loo, by constructions Which, if legitimate
leave no limits to their power. Take'to
gether the decisions of the federal court,
the doctrines of the President, and the
misconstruction* of the constitutional com
pact acted on by the legislature of the fed
eral branch, nnd it is but too evident that
the three ruling branches of that depart
ment are in combination to strip their col
leagues, the State authority, of the pow
ers reserved by .them nnd. to exorcise
themselves, all functions, foreign and do
mestic. Under the power to regulate
commerce they assume indefinitely tlint
alto over agriculture und manufactures,
and call it regulation to take tho earnings
of one of these branches of industry, and
that, too, the most depressed,und put them
into the pockets of the other, the most
flourishing of nil. * * * *
And what is our resource lor the preser-
' vatioit ol the coitstitulielt? Reason add
argument! You might as well reason and
nrguo with the marble columns encircling
them. Tho representatives chosen by
otiiselvet? They are joined in the com
bination, some fi'OSn incorrect views of
Government, some from corrupt ones,
sufficient voting together to outnumber tilts
sound parts, and with majorities of one,
two, or three, bold enough to go forward
in their defence. Are we, then, to stand
to our arms? No! that must be the last
resource, not to be thought of until larger
and gieatur sufferings. If every infraction
of a compact of so many parties is to be
resisted at once ns a dissolution of it, none
can ever be formed which would last one
year. YVu min* have patience and longer
endurance, then, with our brethren while
Under delusion; give them time for reflec
tion and experience of consequences: keep
ourselves in a situation to profit by tho
chapter of accidents; and separate from
our companions only when the sole alter
natives Icjt are dissolution of our union
with them, or submission to a Govern
ment without limitation of powers.
If this bill fails, said Mr, YV,, ! entreat
our friends to consider what is the next
stop. If you will not alter, you must be
called on to enforce. The choice is be
tween this bill and another measure which
must lie nante|ess—not for want of words
to characterize it as it deserved, but be
cause they could not bo used without n
breach of order. Ilo could not say wltut
was doing in the other end of the cnpitol;
but this ho could say—Itu was present tho
other day at the consultation of a body of
learned physicians. Tho case was one
of dolirutn and debility brought on by ill
treatment, and the remedy proposed was
the lancet and l/lue bills. This is the pres
cription of our political empires. The
cry is, Bleed the Republic! Let mo tell
them sir, "plus a medico quam a marbo
pariculi."
ft no longer admits of a doubt, tip
choice of our friends must bo made be
tween coercion and conciliation. The
first will soon identify Catolina with the
whole South; the second will unite tho
Smith against Carolina. Coercion is not
wise or prudent; ner always fortunate,
even when tho disparity of strength is
greatest. Austria attempted to cocrcc the
Swiss; Spain to coerce the Netherlands;
England to coerce Iter North American
colonies; and, in our days, Turkey to co
erce Greece’ VVltal was the fate of coer
cion? There lias, indoed, been one suc
cessful effort. Russia has coerced Po
land! Is site proposed to us ns nn example?
lit tho struggle between the United
States and a State to keep peace vi ct
armis, liv blowing np all malcontents,
what is tho alternative ? If the State
conquer, is she nut out equally? You
may reduce Iter to the condition of a
subject provinco—you may rewurd with
iter plunder some pro-consular Governor,
for ruling Iter with tlie despotism of a
master and Ilia wastefulness of an agetjl,,
leaving bohind in her bosom—
" Immortals odium, ct inhiquain tanubilc minus
support.'
“ My lord* and gemlcroA Let me
particularly recommend to Xbu, at this
time, to proceed with tetnperen your de
liberations, and with uoamimity in your
resolutions. Let my people, in every
part of my dominions, be taught, by your
oxaniple, to have a due reverence for the
laws, and a just sense pi the blessings of
our excellent constitution. They may be
assured that, on uiy part, I have nothing
so much at heart, as the real prosperity
and lasting happiness of Ml'my subjects.”
.Sir, said Mr. YV. I intend to excite no
addiional odium against the memory of
George III. In our declaration of indo-
pendaiice lie was indeed described as “ a
prince, whose character was marked by
every act Which ntay define a t) ram. But
he has gone to his account. Uis latter
yea-sit hid pleased Providence to visit
with the heaviest calamity that can befall
a human being. YVith his shade, there
fore, lie warred not. There was probably
some office form—n standard original—
upon which nil such instuments were-made.
There was another curious coincidence,
which might become more or less perfect,
according to the exterior which was givcu
to a contemplated call for certain papers.
„An odd incideut happened, which served
to revive, with double force all the ill
temper and animosity that lijjd long sub
sisted between the Executivn part of the
government und the people in the province
of Massachusetts Bay. This was tho ac
cidental discovery and publication ofa num
ber ofconfidential letters, which had been
written during the course of the unhappy
disputes with the mother country by the
theq Governor and deputy Governor of
that colony, to persons in newer and office
in England. The letters contained a ve
ry unfavorable representation of the slate
of affairs, the temper and ditoosition of the
people, nnd the views of their leaders, in
that province ; nod tended to show not on
ly tile necessity of the most coercive meas
ures, but even a very considerable change
of the constitution, and system uf govern
ment, was necessary to securo the obedi
ence ef the colony.”
“ These letters, indeed, were in part
confidential and private; but she people uf
the colony insisted that they were evident
ly intended to influence tint conduct of gov
ernment, and must, therefore, be shown to
such persons ns had an interest in preserv
ing their privileges. Upon the death of a
gentleman, in whose pnsossion these lettets
then happened to be, they, by some means
which are not known, fell into the hands of
the agent for.tlie ; colony of Massachusetts
Bay, who immediately transmitted them to
the Assembly of that province, which was
then sitting tti Boston. The indignation
and animosity witicb these lettets excited
on the one side, and the confusion on the
other, neither need nor admit of tho de
scription.”
How exact a compunion-pieco would
nppear for this picture, if (which God for
bid !) the correspondence of the goveru-
nten< with'r.ertnin individual* in South Car
olina should be published. He hoped it
never would be. He deprecated that
publication ns fraught with infinite mis
chief. Other singular points of resem-
blanco wero to be found in the history of
those times.
“ The Minister, after having moved
that the King's message, of the 7th March,
should bo read oponed his plan for the re
storation of peace, Order, justice, and com
merce in the Massachusetts Bay. * *
After slating his opinions, and arguing
their correctness, the Minister proceeded;
" It would be proper, therefore, to take a-
way from Boston the privilege of a port
unlit! his Majesty should be satisfied in
titeso particulars, and publicly declare in
rience, which they insisted was in their fa
vor. That the attempt to tax America bad
muffled, the repeal had quieted, and the
aaw taxes hid Inflamed it again. Tbe
good effect of rigor would depend on a
ticctere of lenity. The lenitv might ren
der the rigor unnecessary. They, there
fore, earnestly pressed the repbel of the
noxious duty, as a probable method of res
toring tranquility. How were these argu
ments met? The ministry said, “ a repeal
at that time wonld shew such - a degree of
wavering qnd inconsistency, as would de
tent the good effects of the rigous plan.
That Parliament ought’to shew that it
wonld relax none of its just rights, but en
force them in a practical way; that it was
provided with moans of compalling.ebedi-
enco when resisted. Ifthis tax was repealed,
what answer is to be given when they
domand the repeal of the duty on wine."
On these grounds the motion was
negntived. Alter the Boston port bill,
camo tits bill, for the “ better reg-
ulatig government in’the province of Mas
sachusetts Bay.” Both these memorable
laws were before them. They were
doubtless pattern acts for all lovers of
strong government; but politicians, a little
bolder titan the British ministry, would put
them together. He would not go through
with them. Gentlemen curious in engines
of coercion, might perhaps have scanned
them ctauso by clause. In bringing for
ward that bill, Lord North favored the'
House of Commons ’with, a dissertation on
the posse comitatus. Then came the bill
fur the belter administration of Justice in
Massachusetts Bayv That, too, would
furnish some hints to an American Draco.
They would be gathered up ms doubt. It
was on that bill that Colonel Barre was on
ubled to make his proud boast: " I resist
ed the violenco of America at the hazard
of my popularity there'. I will resist your
phrenzy at the same risk here." It was
then, loo, lie gave his memorable, but fruit
loss warning. “ I know the vast superior
ity of your disciplined troops over tho
provincials : hut beware how you stir 'ly
tho want of discipline with desperation.”
Sir, said Mr. YV. tho fatal dilemma of
Mr. Dunning is exactly that presented to
the South : “resist mid we will cut your
throat; submit nnd wo will tax you.”
From tltis hasty review of councils,
whose fully and madness could be excelled
only by our own, it was greatful to turn to
a saler, a wiser precedent that set by
Thomas Jefferson, respecting the repeal of
the embargo. It wold bn unjast and im
prudent to use any other than his own
words: “ Mr. Adams called on me pend
ing the embargo, and while endeavors were
making to obtain its repeal, he made some
apologies for the call, on the graumd of oUr
not being in the habit of confidential com
munications; but that which lie had then to
make involved, too seriously, the interest
of our country, not to overrule ell other
considerations with hint, and make it his
duty to revo.d it to myself particularly.—
I assured him there was no occasion far
unv apology for his visit; that, on the con
trary, his communications would be thank
fully received, und would add a confirma
tion the more to my entire confidence in
tiie rectitude and patriotism of his conduct
and principles. He spoke then of the dis
satisfaction of the eustern portion of our
confederacy, with the restraints of the em
bargo then existing, und their restlessness
under it. That thero was nothing which
might not be attempted to rid themselves
of it. That he had imforntatioh, of the
most unquestionable certainty, that certain
citizens of the Eastern States (I think he
named Massachusetts particularly) woro
in negotiation witlt agents of tiie British
government, the object of which was an
agreement that the New England Slates
slptuld take no further part m iho
war then going on ; that, without formally
declaring their separation from the Union
council, on n proper certificate of the good 0 f the Slates, they should withdraw from
behavior of the town, that he whs so satis- nil aid and obedience to them, that their
fied. Until this should happen, tho cus- , navigation and commerce should he free
But she is a State no Inger! You may
grasp a barren sceptre, and wave over a
peopled lonltory; but till yop exterminate
tho sons of Caiolma, vour dominion over
yi?’S rl - 8r -? r ? Cl " n,ur y beforo. ihe patriarch her suit extends not bovond the points of
had held similar language: “1 thought something your bayonets. And w'lwt will vou have
essentially necessary to be said in order to avoid done ? Extinguished one star of the con-
the interference of acquiescence; that a reiolti-' stellation, aud made South Carolina,
tton or declaration should be passed, l. answer- j “ Liko tho lost Pleiad seen no mere below."
ing the reasonings of such of the States as have I Before gentlemen decide against concil-
ventured into the field of reason, nnd that of the l tation, nnd in favor of civil war, will they
Committee of Congress, taking some notice inn review the history of our struggle with tiie
of those States who have either not nnswernd at
all, or answered without reasoning; 2. making
tirm protestation against tho precedent and prin-
etp e, and reserving tho right to make litis palpa-
ble violation ot the federal compact the ground
of domg in future whatever we might now right
fully do, should repetitions nl these and olhci
vio at tons of the compact tcnJor it expedient; 3.
expressing, in affectionate and conciliatory lan
guage, our warm attachment to union with otir
lister States and to the instrument and princi
ples by which we nre united; that we nro wll-
lirg to sacrifice to this, every thing but the rights
of self-government in Jhose important points
which welurva never yieldod, and in which
alone we aeelikerty, safety, and happiness; that
not at alt disposed to mike eatery measure of
error or of wrong a causo of scission, we in*
in ' , * , f 0nC# * : n *\° — -..ms nnw.rrau.HO..
with pittance til! those passions and delusmns have boon made to obstruct tbe commerce
O^nmenVhsvVartl dlT’ "til? ‘, he F * der *' G ° V ' ki "K dow ' b .v unlawful combinations,
eminent nave artfully exerted to cover its own
•buses and enneeal iu designs, fully confident
t ■> the good sense of tiie American people, and
their attachment to those Very rights which wo
are now vindicating, will, before it shall he too
late, rally with ui round the true principle* of
cur federal compact. This w.s oniv meant to
give a general idea of tha complexion and to
pics of such an instrument Mr. M. who came,
as had been proposed, does not concur itt tbe
reservation proposed alone: and from this I re
cede readily, not only in deference to hi. judg
ment, hut because, as we should never think of
separation, but for repeated and enormous vio-
*• ', heM ' * hon '‘*J’ occur, will bo cause
Hough of themselves.”
mother country? If they will’,'und are not
struck aud warned by the coincidences',
they are beyond the power of lielleboro.
Let me turn their attention to the page
befofe nto. It contains Uis Majesty's
most gracious speech to both Houses of
Parliament, on YVeditosduv, November
30, 1774.
“ My lords nnd gentlemen. It gives
me much concern, that I am obliged, at
tho opening of this Parliament, to inform
you that a most daring spirit of resistance
nnd disuhodieuce to iho law st.il unhappily
prevails in the province of Massachusetts
Bay and has, in divers parts uf it, broke
forth iu fresh violence of n vetv criminal
nature. These oroceedings have boon
contenuncod nnd encouraged iu other of
mv colonics, and unwarrantable attempts
I bavo taken such measures, aud given
such orders, as I judged most proper and
effectual tar carrying into excchhou the
laws which ware passed in the last session
of the late Parliament, for the protection
and security of the commerce of my sub
jects and for the restoring and preserving
peace, order, aud good government in the
provinco of Massachusetts Bav; and you
may depend upon my firm anil stendfasl
resolution to withstand every attempt to
weaken or impair the supreme authority of
this Legislature overall the dominions of
ray Crown; tho oaiotainance of which, I
conaidor a* essential to the dignity, the
safety, and tho welfare of the Britiah em-
tom house officers, who were now not sale
in Boston, or safe no longer than while
they neglect their duty, slmidd be remo
ved to Salem, where they might exercise
their functions.”
Upon these arguments, leave was given
to bring in the celebrated I'osion port bill,
which will serve as a model for any
Charleston pprtbiK it ntav bit necessary to
pteparo, nnd the teutons in opposition and
support of which aro so applicable that
gentlemen, by consulting (lie reports, may
find their own speeches in those of Lord
North, his partisans, or his opponents,
with one exception, a little better English
Lord North, fore example, is reported, to
have said, “ I hope that this act will not,
in nay shape, require a military force to
put it in execution. Tiie rest of the col
onies will not take fire at the proper punish
ment inflicted on those who Itavo disohey-
edyoHr]autltdrity. YVosbidl then l?e near
ly in n situation that all lenient pleasures
will tie at nn end, if they do. But. if wo
exert ourselves now with firmness and in-
trepiJity, it is more likely they will submit
to our authority. If tiie consequences
uf their not obeying this net are likely to
produce rebellions, those consequence be
long to linen, and not to us ; it is not what
we have brought on, but what they alone
Itavo occasioned. YY’e aro only ahswcra-
b|g that our munsttreg arc just and equita
ble. Let its coni ittue to proceed with firm
ness, justice, and resolution, which, if pur
sued, will certainly produce that due obe
dience and respect to tho laws of this
country, and the security of tho trade of
its people, which I so ardently wish for:’
We all know, said Jlr. YV. that tiie bill
passed. If such a one comes to us, that
coiucidcnso, at leust, will I trust, be want,
ing.
After its passage, history informs us, that
“aoveral gentlemen wlm jiad voted for it
were nevertheleas of the opinion . that
something of n conciiatorv nature should
attend-this measure of aeverity, aud might
give great efficacy to it. That Parliament,
whilst it resented the outrages of the A-
nterican populace ought not so be too wil
ling to irritate tbe sober part of the colo
nies.” ;
A motion wes accordingly made for a
repeal of tha lea daty laid in J 867. Tbe
debate upon the policy of a rejieal at that
particular time, was long and e amest; the
party for the repeal strongly urging f»pe-
from restraint nnd interruption by the Brit
ish; that they should be considered aud
treated by them as neutruls, nnd as such
might conduct themselves towards both
parties and, at the close of iho war, be at
liberty to rejoin the confederacy. He as
sured mo that there was imminent danger;
l lint tbe convention would take place; that
the temptations were suclt us might de
bauch many from their fidelity to ihe Un
ion; and that, to enable its friends to make
head against it, the repeal of the embargo
toas absolutely necessary. I expressed a
just sense of the merit of this imlormation,
and of the importance of the disclosure to
the safety and even the salvation of our
country : and however reluctant I was to
abandon the measure, (a measure which,
persevered in a little longer, we bad sub
sequent and satisfactory assurance, would
Imve effected its ob|ect completely,) from
iliut moment, and influenced by that infor
mation, I saw the necessity of abandoning
it; and instead of effecting our purpose
by this pO.icelul weapon, we must fight it
out or break the Uniuu. I then recom
mended to my friends to yield to the neces
sity of a repeal of Ihe emborgn, und to
endeavor to supply its place Ity the best
substitute, in which they could procure a
general concurrence."
Mr. Wilde was not unnppraisnd, that, in
.some of these details, the memory of Mr.
Jeffersonn was inaccurate. The correct
ness of the material part, however, remain
unimpeached. The discontent of tire East,
and the machinations of some leading men
there, lo produce a dissolution of tha U.i-
. ion, or temporary secession from it, had
been commiinicaied to Mr. Jefferson; and,
instead of seeking means to punish them
stigators of the resistance lo a law of Cow
grtss, or asking new and extraordinary
■powers to enforce it, Mr .J. recommended
a repeal of the embargo.
This much Mr. YV. thought was appar
ent, even from the statement of the distin
guished gentleman referred to, made with
a view of correcting the errors of Mr. Jef
ferson’s octogenarian memory. To avoid
all .injustice, Mr. W. would Use his owa
language: “ It was in these letters of 18-
OS and 1809,” says Mr. Adams, “ that I
mentioned tbe design of certain leaders of
the federal party to effect a dissolution of
the Union, and the establishment of bi nor'
them roiifgderary.
Til.:. Jcjign h *d„bren formed in th'
winter t>l'l803—4, immediately after, and the Moravians and l. ,
a* a cbnsequenceof the acquisition of Lon- in William-^eeh heelc.imed" “Oh
israna. ^ Iu justifying causes to those who oh!-yoo are a farUflc-IIre Z ? w n
j'-* ^ * * *
a new confederacy to which the States you going on in William-,„eet ?’’
united by thq torrter compact, wore not Frederick at length, in convention with
bound to adhere. That it was oppressive the sergeant’, colonel, mentioned I s
to the .merest,, and destruerve to the tn- intention of promoting Thomas to an of
fluence of the northern sect,on of the con- fice in the commissar,!, depart, wen.“ape ,,
federacyyrhose rigl* and dntytt therefore the death ofun aged manwhothen fil ed ,
was o secede from tbe now body politic, Tho colonel, in order to encourage Tho-'
and to constitute one of their own. Thi. mas, informed him of the king’s desi Er
plan was so far matured that tho proposal Unh.pily, tjti. had an injurious Effect Jon
had been made to an individual to permit the mind of tho sergeant; for alas"
hunself at the proper t.me, to be placed at such is tire depravity of the hum.i heart
the head of the md.tary movements winch few can endure the temptation of
it was foreseen would be necessary for car, prosperity without sustains spiritual loss
rymg it into execution, fn all this tlieie Thomas beoanmlnruk Jin t.? 88 '
r j*. .fLcM.sr«“fc.^rr» b “
unconstitutional law. He ma, lawfully The king.’ Tire m^r h^
resist us execution. If a single individual tako heed lhat his heart did n<H deceive
undertakes this resistance, our constitu- him. ‘ Deceive
lions, both of the United Stales and ol Soon after tbe sergeants religious de-
each separate State, haveprovided a judi- densmn, ho was again arcosfed will,
ciary power, juoges, and lories,, to decide « YVell, how do you do t How are Tour
between the individual and trie legislative friends in YVffliam-streel ?" “ I do^ot
act which he has resisted as unconsHtanon- know, please vour majesty ” was the re-
«l. But let ussuppose the case that legis- ply. “Not knots I not know I" answered
at,ye act, of one or more States of thi* ,|,e king, “have you been ill then?”
Umonare passed, conflicting with ? cta of “No, plea, your mvjesiv” rejoined the
Congress, and commanding the resistance , e ,geant, “but I do not « it necessa v
ol their citizens against them, tend what , 0 attend there often as I used) to do/’
cbt ean be the result but ioar-civil war? “ Then you aro not so great a fantic as I
And is not that defacto a dissolution of the thought you,” was the royal answer.
Union, so far as the resisting States nre
concerned? And what would be .the condi
tion of every citizen in the resisting States ?
Bound by the double duty of allegiance to
the Union and to the State, lie would be
crushed between upper and nether mill
stone, with the'performance of every civic
duty converted into a crime, and guilty of
treason, by every act of obedience to the
'law."
ft was precisely this miserable state of
things so clearly and ably delineated by the
gentleman from Massachusetts, [Mr. Ad
ams,) that he, Mr. YV. desired lo avoid.—
he conjured, day, lie implored, his politi
cal friends to aid him in averting it. If
they turned a deaf ear to his prayers, he
reminded them that the Southrons were
Italians not in their skies only. If they
should trace up the failure of peace to
those whose cause they might adopt the
desperate saying of Cosmo de Medici:
“ You shall read, said he, that we are com
manded to forgive our enemies; but you
will do where find, we are required lo for
give qur friends."
Mr. YV, wished to forgive all, or rather
he wished, by a comprehensive measure of
conciliation, so lo ktiry every past cause of
complaint, that there should be nothing
left.to forgive. In pursuit of that just ob
ject, he acknowledged no friend but him
who aided, lie recognized no enemy but
those who obstructed it. YVhosoever, in
this hour of peril and dismay, would aid
him in his holy purpose—whosoever would
even dare lo speak, what the freemen of
the country thought, but had not yet ut
tered, him would he grapple lo his heart
with hooks of steel! And he who thwar
ted him io this most cherished object of his
life, would he tear thence, though he were
his brother of the same womb at the same
birth !
MISCELLANEOUS.
ON THE CUTTING OF STEEL BY SOFT
IRON.
Extract of a letter to the Editor, from
the Rev. Herman Daggetti—
“I take the liberty to communicate to
you n fact, which lias lately conto to my
knowledge, and which I judge may bo of
considerable use to the mechanics, and
, I* 1 a short lime the aged officer died,
and the colonel waited upon his majesty to
inform liim oftlre Vacancy, and to remind
him of his intention to raiso sergeant
Thomas to the situation. “ Nn ! no!”
said the king, 1 “ ho shall not have it: ho
does not go to YVilliam-street so ofieo
as he used to do.” Surprised with this
peremptory refusal, the colonel withdrew,
and on Itis return found the scargcant
waiting for the confirmation of his appoint
ment.
11 1 do 001 know wlmt is the matter with
the king to-day,’* said the colonel; “ but
he will not give you the situation : ho
says you do not go to YVilliam-street so
often as you used to do. , I do.not know
what ho means; but I Suppose you do.”
Presenting a low bow to the colonel, the
sergeaut silently departed; and bowing
still lower in spirit before the justice of
God, he then, and ever after, adored the
greatness of the Divine mercy,' which did
not leave him to be an example of the truth
of that scripture which says, “ The pros
perity of fools shall destroy them.”,
IPies: Mcth. Magazine.
Van DienUan’s Land papers to the 10th
October had been reclved in London.—
They notice the arrival of the Tybee, the
first American ship direct from tire United
States, with a cargo of goods*, which was
to bo paid for by the produce of tho new
colony, chiefly in wools; thfs circum
stance forms a prominent feature in the
newspapers.—Qcogia Journal.
Cromwell’s Oratort.—“ Trust io
tho LoYd, and rely on your pikes," was on
one occasion Cromwell's address to hissol-
diers on going into buttle. On another oc
casion his general address was, “Trust in
the Lord, and keep your gunpowder dry.”
Equally characteristic was his remark to
his fatigued soldiers, when, from the range
of mountains called the Galtces, he point
ed to the fertile vales of South Munster,
And 'said, “Soldiers uf Israel! beheld a
country worth fighting for.”
FROM THE FEDERAL UNION.
,, April 17th 1833.
■ . , _ — t “."—i “■"* Messrs. Polhill <S* Cuf.ibcrf, •— J n your
perhaps in philosophy. It may not how- paper of tbe 28th of March last is oeb-
ever, be new to you. Ijshed a letter from Washington, u!der
Mr. Barnes, (a cabinet maker ef this J„t„ „f the I4th of the same month
plaae) bad occasion to repatr a cross-cut which, in substance, charges a portion of
saw, a saw to be used by two persons, ol' the Representatives of Georgia, wi h en-
a very bard plate, which would reqmre doavoring to throw obstacles in the wav
considerable labor M tha usual way of fil- ofa treaty with the Cherokee Indians—
rag. He recollected having beard that So far us I a,„ concerned, 1 pronounce the
the Shakers sometimes maoe use of what charge to be unqualifiedly false, I was
lie called a lAizz to cut iron. He there- not apprised that the preltmitftries ofa
Ito r ve m -,Ws'fi C,rC | f ''reaty were agreed on, or that any nego-
stove pipe) fixed an axtslo.it,ami put it m nations were at that time pending, until
n ! ', w| V a " " VCr -- P °. Werfu ' '!>» Secretary of War notified a pen on of
rotary mot,on. While> tn motion, he ap- the Georgia delegation, that the Indians
plied to tt a common, file, to make it per- had unexpectedly determined to termi-
lecfly round and smooth, hut the file was nnte the negotiation bv a refusal to treat
cut to two by jl, while received itself no This occurred shortly after the passing of
impression. He then applied a piece of the enforcing Bill. YVith regard to 8 |he
rock crysnal, which had the desired effect, merits or effects of the Bill, or ns it re -
Hethen brotight undent the saw plate; pects the estimate which is to he placed
whtch in a few mmuies was neatly and on the public service, of their Represent
comply cut through^ longitudinally- tatives, I presume tho people of Georgia
When he stopped the buzz, he found it areas well qualified to judge, as the author
had r « eel ''e- -<o wear fropi tho operation, of the anonymous opislle. Withilteirde-
and that he crfuld mtmedjately apply his. cisfon I sm not disposed to interfere fu r -
finger,toit, without percetvmg much Mm- tl.cr than to prevent it, being influenced
stble heat. During the operation, there by I lie propagation of f»l» i- “
appeared a band of intense fire round the 'IT'T.,“/“t an . < ! >* ,bell0U!
buzz, continually emitting sparks with
great violence. He afterwards marked
the taw for lentil, and in a short time cut
them out by the same means. It seemed
evident that tho buzz in effecting the divis
ion, never came in actual contact with tho
plate."—Stillman's Journal.
Religious Instability effectually rebuk
ed.—It is well known that Frederick the
Second, king of PriAsia, look great pride
in.having his soldiers well disciplined*
and was therefore particularly attentive to
the conduct of the subalterns. It is per
haps not'to well kuowq,that lie sometimes
manifested a real respefct for religious peo
ple; for few men could mere clearly discern
the excellence of that practice, which is
produced by Divine principles. YVhile.
therefore, lie saeered at the profession of
religion, he promoted to offices of trust
such persons as exemplified the Christian
character. The following incident*, which
have not been published in tltis country,
but era related on good authority, illustrate
the truth of these remarks.
A sergeant, of the name of Thomas, who
was very successful in training bis men,
and whose whole deportment pleased the
king, was often uoticed by him. He iu.
quired respecting the place of his birth,
hi* parents, hi* religious creed, and the
place of worship which he frequented
On being Informed that he was united with
charges. In conclusion, J will only odd
thut, so fares I know or believe, the oili
er portion of tho Representatives implica
ted by the letter writer nre equally ex
empt from the charge imputed to them.
Respocl fully, vour obedient servant.
HENRY G. LAMAR.
JlT~.} Ve are 8urr y 10 »'»•« that OP
Saturday the new aud handsome brick
dwelling house, together with n brick
kitchen, belonging to Dr. James Tin,lev
of this place, wa, entirely destroyed bv
. ' h ® h, 0 **® unfinished, und it
is supposed the fire was communicated ac-
ctdeytally to shavings in one of the roomy
wnilft the workmen were absent Tli *
fire was so far advanced when discover^
as to reader exert,ons to love the build
unnecessary—Athens Banner. fe
hot /e teen
fo d he follow,ng story, *hich so- , onr , so
ntuclt of the marvellous, that v /e cannol
belteve .t and should not publish , wer
fod , ro r h"l r ° m r de, ‘ ve d it enti-
tied Mb,gh credit. Our read er, shall
have .t preasely *, itcatno to our ears.
cut »n re ' 5 ,* glr in Sa - Vb / °°k, Connect!-
cut, about eleven year. o'. , ge , who, from
yectmens s>, 0 ha. given, is
•bought to have been recently endowed
wt h tome extraoadiriar_v gift of speech.
At certain irregular time., when the ini
pulxc IS upon beg, see breaks out into pow-