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'''a*-'*.** vfe-V. <
i)i« *<*_■ jyc ways and liedgi-4, tliroq. j .
•to iho bosom, o I eternity, «n aioiif,, of an j A.f 12 O ilor.k to-day, ’fe* excilleucy
•unease creation. A* the group pus*, I Governor Lumpkin transmitted *V ho in
fellow. 4 on to the grave. When i|m cpffiii; brancbe. of Hie General;, A«»0WW». tlio
had been lowered to the bottom, a by mu ! following
|VU sung—aud a prayer, moil devoutly j
prayed—by a pious, elderly member of tlfe
Presbyterian Church, ifliilo hit voice
was yet falling on tuy ears, s l- wa» travel
ling with two geiiileniou both to me entire
’Stranger*; but both well acquainted, with
the lountry. Pauing a beautiful villa,
just before we hud reached the luotof a loug
bridge, I dmpiirod of one of My eouipao*
ions, wltoie residence; It was he said tile
restdeuceof still a young widow, whose
history was on« of esttenta utislbi tune,
tragical-wcrmtiinl— painful and turning
lo mu observed “you Htusl indeed - be a
stranger here, not to have heard of her
mournful story.*!’ Aurerh ing, a’td express
ing im interest in iter histoty, he gave it
to me, While we stopped ai the foot of the
bridge for refreshment. He sard she hud
married early iu file and the niaicli was one
of wealth, but one of poi icy. (jpait e«|ie-
ritnout, then touipers wore untuned to each
«i.t^tlM •drtjtoretentiji pnd p*U|MMt
‘Opposhton. The unfortunate remnant oi
tlMC L •”* 1
made
* :e 3S^*‘**'* -
MESSAGE
ExpcoTirvE PBrynTMKNt, Gkobcu,
Miu.KOer.vti.tK, Nov. 5,'1633.
Fellow Uttixcns of tht Senate.
’ aid Houie of Hepresndalioes.
At no period of our* political existence;
have the It.-preseutativoi bflhu people of
Oeprgia nsseltihled under circumstances
more signally calculmud lo impress the
mind with a deep seliso ol gratitude to Al
mighty God. It would, indeed, savour of
infidelity not to feel duly impressed with a
*senso of* 6ui renewed obligations t*6 file
groat Autlioi and Disposer of the destinies
of mu'll and of Nations, fur tlm many ines
timable blessings vouchsafed to us, his of
fending creamies.
While the chastening scourge of Heaven
has burnt visited upon the people ol bntli
hemispheres, cat tying, in hair train ol pes
tilence, horror, despair and death, the
people of otir Statu have not only been
otiter;—hors was high—ami at limes pot- ", " ur "“ vo “T"
ulsut, Ins was mild .„d forbearing; Two " l " ,jUW fra,n ,,,C w,d . u '*l ,r ' laJ ""= , 1 1* 0 '-
or llireo year, ot uuhappines. had passed "“"* b , U ' "T c,, J°>' od ' inu,u ." 1
unhappiness lied passed,
wjeu true day her husband ventured to
echo iu ner ear the sense of public < .pinion.
Thul opinion was, u troth belrsyed on her
part, i he result was a paroxism of rage,
und before it bad subsided, the had mtir-
deted her husband with his own gun.
Wpeu tne deed w„s done, end the hoirid
conviction rusnud across her mind, that the
wa» n mot ucrer end. ol ho husbsn *—
her tuwllects ware overpowered, uttd fot
mouths sue was deritnged,. A spell of sick
ness restored uor shaliered intellects and
for ■ while, she was partially recovered.
Tbo impression*, ho conittiued during her
sickness were continually that “she had
been cast into atcharual house, bouno hand
and foot to breiilto through her living lutigs,
tbo air of that louthsomo place, and >o lis
ten iu deep darkness, to the small noises,
mado by the worms moving ever the dead
bedie; srstatf her, and to feol them, yes to
fttdl them cruwling over her face and lips."
Hor ravings, were alaroe.ig -tcirible.
Bui he informed me she still hud occa
sional An nit derangement; and when at
tacked, il bad been found that nothing but
her entire liboriy' in speech aud action,
could restore her; The invariable use the
made of this liberty, was to walk up aud
down at the other end of the bridge, with
the fatal ride in her hand.* Wo had star
ted, and reached about It..If way across the
bridge; at the conclusion of this singular
story when I almost instantly saw her, with
tlm vehnuiqtic© of am mine, rushing, rather
than w tlknigup and down, holding the find
rifle. I nfiorw irds learned, that the par
oxism h ill just coin.) upon hor; for excep
ting the flushes of insanity, she was a beau
tiful, t.unity drosied woman apuronijy about
liven' v three. Much interested in iter
painful histqrv, I was inexpressibly shock-
mi, at seeing hor. Bm tho reader will not
bn able to conceive my alarm, ns with tlm
appearand! of dnsperaiinu, sue rushed ai
mo, with the nfln pointed, apparently in
tho ad of shooting, dust at this moment,
I foil u lieht tap .<n my shoulder, and on
looking up, a b isk dapper little gonllu-
ntan, inquired if I was .sleep? (tubbing
my eyes and linking ’round [ saw the
pniu'i had dgnat-red, M« dapper friend,
W is one of these beings, who flourish in
country villages and had lingered behind,
10 learn my name end business, but I toon
repulsed him with a few blunt answers, and
tnntio my hxcK-IO my moihur'i parlour
fire.
Gold mines — We nn'ti*r*Utnl
tlmi flip L'»t i*» Pi^etm Raor*, »'Vii
e<l hy lb'- «/**flpp*on Company. Jim
j’prpntl.y linen <nM to General Vl-
rxanler Ware, anti -Vlen Mil-
tlieWH, Rsqr. for the mnh of ton
titntitntii 1 tlolUrk. Fr-tm our tit'*
rnttgli knyWl'Mltg of thit L'tt, we be-
iieve wj .hnzfcartl n.stliinj-. in s ty
ins; it in one of the bnsit apfctilfitiiiu*
which have rotuc within otir know I
edge. daring lit** last summer. We
were wn a few tl tys since, a
gni'ciineu of Gold ate taken from
view rectHiily tlis -nvorotl on this
Lot, su|terior to any thing of the
kind we have seen. From the
extract nftliis vein md tho tidiness
ol the metftfcfnritHi* slates and
clays in which'it is im lie tied we
believe ist intrinsically of more Val
ue lltan arty Lot yet discovered in
be- cn intry- We hope onv Min
ers of tliia country will <louhle- their
exertions, for we have mi Ouubt
but that l|te richness of the country
yet li.'s bidden in the bosom of the
earth, winch can only bo brought
to light by constant ami unrcuiit
teiFper-everan.e.
We believe .the miners iu this
comity will ultimately turn out to
ugrieilltnral population with a boiiliti-
reward fur alt their tails. Our bartts
of health and prosper!.Propitious sea
sons, u productive soil, and guniul climate
have crowned i lie labours 01 our industii'
otis
ful reward
and storo houses are filled with plenty, and
the surplus products of our labour command
a prico winch amply remunerates the la
bourer for all Itis care and industry. In
deed, tbo various avocations, which’ diver
sify tho labour of our citizens, find an am
pin and speedy reward, proportioned lo the
skill and industry employed. Most ol' our
people cul ivatu lltuir own freehold estutes,
and are liitoraily sitting under the own
viius and trees, and Done iu make them
alruid. Oar prisons have no insolvent
debtors—wo have scarcely a paupor in the
land, except the tew who have become
suclt from habit of inteiUjiorauce.—
As a Siute, wo eujny ihu overflowing 'boun
ties of n bonificont Providence.’’ On terms
of amity with all Governments, we are
blessed with the quiet and peaceable pos
session of otir long contested territorial
rights,—rapidly increasing in popul,limit
aud wealth, accumulating from the coalip
ttal development of the natural resources of
our slate. Our inexhaustible mines and min
erals have epeiied a wide field for the em
ployment of tho must extensive*science,
skill and industry; which is drawing to our
Slate, with iriesisiible impulse, capital,
skill, and oniorprtse from various puns of
tho world. Comparatively free from indi
vidual distress, ns well ns exempt trout pun
lie debt, o n people urn possessed of abu-.-
dam menus Of promoting their individual
happiness, as well as thmr poll.teal prosper
ity. *
In tho midst of nli these multiplied bles
sings, it is truly mortifying tu witness the
rustloss spt.it of .fgitattou and poetical ex
citement, winch lias been engendered aud
vigorously kept up amongst tlio p.-tple
calculated, it not intended, to alienate tneir
,(flections Iromlliotr own bolovvd political
li.sli uiions. rn.il tfie value ol our Fed-
eial Union should have become a familiar
subject ol^calculation, is truly alariiimg, end
algous little for tho patnulism of liiose,
who encourage discussion upon suclt a sub
ject. Who could liavu bulievod, ton years
ago, that at this early day, we should nave
witnessed speculative discussion upon such
a theme— or that it cutilu nave become tlio
leading topic of a certain class of politi
emus! ThO Union ol the States, one an t
indimsable, is now no iongorthe motto uf
every Ammtcun Ct'.izou! 'Those‘“signs
ol tho times," speak volumes oluumoimiun
to every lover of constitutional liberty, und
snould rti j the eosiun, aud nerve me arm of
p.ttitotixni in the cause of Union. Not
withstanding theso inrcatonmg evils, n is
graiilyiag to see, that our uduiiinblu sys
tem of lien government, based u,.ou the
will and ufl'oclions of me people, continues
to unfold iho appro,-riate anility coniamud
tu us structure, to Withstand the assaults ol
rureigu and domestic lous. I’lie eaomios,
of our govern iioin, whether open or insidi
ous— under Whatever specious lorm ot pro
mxt —appi.ir to bo doomed to dtscuuili ore
whenever they attempt to alienate the af
fections ot tho people front that government
whicn is, emphatically tha olUp.mg mid
nursling of their own effort und cate. Thu
people may alter aud change, us lo litem
may seom li ; hut that they would destroy
that mighty g tvcrtmvHt d tulnic, teared by
the toils and ce neutod by tho blood of tlietr
fa.tiers—merely for the aggrandizement ul
selfish demagogues audytriiu-stirriiig politi
cians, is jiot to l/c tq/ccicd. The spirit
that guided oar Washington lias hitherto
pervaded and saved our country. The
■champions of civil and religious liberty, of
popular iigiils and constitutional govern-
•mmt| i».«vo tltuw fur tt'iccuuUoJ umi Iri*
unique i over all opposition. Therefore,
wo aim ild not lie dismayed ul the i,mp-
Ioiih ofyHtlin#integrity .»nd tio.tnomthlH ainbitimi
which two boon in eRlimniing tho value, 1
Anf'thhfuttiiiin^thH fhsAoiution of our Foderal Un
ion. 1 am will(iig to ohnrgo Uie orron* of uii Midi,
rmiier to ncIMi doJu*ioii. lim traitorous hcsi^a;
anil wilt therefore hopo, thni tlio cloud-**, which at
present, ovvirshitdow oar poiitiCHl hon/«m» may »|ui-
etly pass uw.iy, beforo limy gather into a ruinous
4«rupesl ti n it Has hmm truly s.tlti, “Ul.ll tlio
Tpis brief vjfkr-of (lie present condition of
me resources pf the State will, at one glaoco
irge upon the_ conaidpratlon of.the L. git-
cature, the iiensstfy.cf adopting such sya.
yinaiic financial operations, us -will direct
he present course, and must determine the
lutnte prospects of the State.
After much reflection, 1 would respect
fully recommend to the General Assembly
such legislation an may tend finally, to bring
il the public assets of the State tinder the
iiimcdiute. coulrul and. niai.iageincul o.Cin
.wit agent, the Central R mk; and further to
hvest that institution with the necesvary
rowers to enable it lo act efficiently in tlie
olleclion of the debts due lire State. The
present vested , capital.of tha Stale should
re considered a permanent fund; the unuu-
■I profits of which, should bo scrupulously
qiplied to great public ob|e.rts of ncknotvf-
■■dgr.it utility—and, wlt.le ilia whole people
■re enjoyittg the benefits, which arc’cOu-
,'iially flawing from this, their pennairontly
vusied capital, l would recommend that no
more taxes be exacted Irotn them, than
what may be sufliciert to defray the ordin
al)’expenses of an economical civil govern
ment; winch will scarcely ho felt by the
people, aud at the same timo, serve io re
mind each individual, annually, that lie is
n cn./.en aud component part ot the govern
ment:
Under tlie provisions of tho act of the
Legislature, passed on tlie 24llt flay uf De
cember last, a Receiver of tlio assets of the
Bank of Ma^on was appointed hy the Ex
ecutive, hut the report of that agent will
show, that he lias been wholly unable to effect
__ K . and kutfdineittsof setfisb
and ambitious politic mis, whose resile**
spirits have urged llrem to acts of misthiel
degrading to humanity itself. In tfie , ear
ly part of the presmit year, another earnest
ana liberal effort was tnude by the Presi
dent of the United States to effect a treaty
With the Cherokee*, having for its ‘Object
their entire rempval beyond thy Missispp).
—wltroh object; 1: is believed, t< as doteaierl
aloi r, by a few of tlifi in oresfed half breed*
who are evidently under the influence ot
.political men, who stakd opposed 19 the
true intorest of the'Indians, as well ay that
of the state.' The failure to effect a tresiv
has nut, however, prevented a continuum;,
of onr efforts to effect tlie object of rem<>
vieg the Indians «l as early a day as prac
ticablr. Another opportunity of enrol
meat for cniigr- tion, has hern oxt<'in)'’d
to suclt as may bo disposed to remove; ami
I am gratified to learn, that many of lit"
intelligent and influential among them have
lit ile.l themselves of the liberal terms
pionnscd. Therefore, the day cannot he
far distant, wltou tlie slate shall lie entirely
relieved from the perplexities occasioned by
this portion of its population. Lt will low
er or, become the duty of the Legisla.ure,
at its present session, to revise and attend
out laws providing for tlio government and
protection of (he Indians. Experience has
already exposed many defects and ambi
guities in tlie exi ting laws un this subject,
which should be speedily rentidied. In
our anxiety to provide for tlie welfare mid j tfie objects contemplated by the Legisla-
proteci tho rights of this unfortunate race, I Hire. Tne lloport, together with copies of
we liavo in some instances, given udvuii-1 the corresponpeiice oirthe subject, is here-
tages to the native population over *'ur j wiilt submitted; and may aid, the General
white citizens; which advantages, when dr ‘ J '* - *- ■*
erctsed wilder the influence of selfish couti-
sets, becomes oppressive tu onr white popU-
latiou, wlto are tEeriatnly not less entitled
to the protection of our laws, titan tiro un
live tuce—however just may be” tlnjir
claims on tlie sympathies ofun enlightened
goverumeat.
Under our oxisling laws, (lie reset valine
ol land ocured to tlie natives duriug tlit-ir
pleasure, are, in luituy insimir.es. unteasott-
ahly large, and ought to he curtailed by
judicious legislation, I would also call the
attention of the legislature to another de
scription of native claim-, which involves
considerations of the greatest importance to
tho interest and honor of the stale. A
class of individuals, chiefly, of tne white uitd
mixed blood, who claim the right of natives
.within the limits of Georgia, are persons,
who dmler tlio iremies of 1817 and .1819,
look VaTuabli- lee simple reservations of
the oust lands then cu.'od; under an ex
pressed written determination to become
cilr/.ons ol the. Uniiud States—and cense-
quuily, abandoning, all the claim ol rijglns
or prtvtlodgcs; as a part or ponton of the
Cherokee nation. Nevertheless, those
persons have since sold mid disposed ot
tliuir reserved lands, thus taken lor htrge
consideration* ot tnuuey for their individual
benefit; and have gone into tlie country
still occupied hy the remnant o r the Cher
okees, aud have again made selections and
settlements on tlio most valuable lands, of
that portion of their peoplo who have not
participate.I, in un equal dograe with them
selves in the benefits of Ilia treaties’ to.'
Moreovor, these very individuals,' by
tneir superior inteiitgence, and advantages,
erf education, liavo had the nddross to re
gain at) influence over the Cherokee*—
whom limy had once ubaiidoneil lo their
fate—so tut as to rulo, govern and influ
ence them in all mailers rei ning to their
most important interest and have been,
for years past, & continue to btt, tlie prime
and ollici.’itt c mso of provchiing the Cher..-
kens from yielding to tho liberal and benefi
cent plans of the Ecdural Government, for
removing them to tiro west of tlie Mississippi,
Tite nsolnnco, tied mischievous inlluuuce of
these individuals should no longer tecoivc
tlie indulgence or coun enatice of ostraois
uiu ar v prtviled gus from the Federal or
^ ld te*G<>vuriitm. , iil hut should be healed
Assembly iu determining upon the expedi
ency cf further legislation on litis subject —
at least it will beennto necessary to provide
fot t :C payment f ir services already render
ed under tlio direction of the State, with, a
view to effect a fair and legal settlement of
the aflairs of said Bank.
The dishonest and fraudulent manage
ment of Banks, so frequently developed,
admonishes thi Legislature, roost urgently,
to interpose its entire constitutional author
ity to shield the people front the desolating
effects of legalized swindling. During tint
lust year, the public confidence was greatly
shaken in the soundness of the paper cur
rency of our Slates, by the failure of the.
Bank of M.con; aud before the peoplo had
recovered from tlie shock mid the lossos
suffered by it, their fears and forebodings
were greatly increased and confirmed, by
tlie failure of the Merchant's and Planters
Bank ot Augusta. The developments al
ready made, in regard to the Bank of Ma
con, evince the important fact, that, if Banks
are not managed with fidelity skill, the
ruinous effects, which roust ensue, will fall,
chiefly upon tho honest and unsuspecting
labouring class of society, who are unable
to contend agaiust a combination of legal
subiilties, which will always be nnited to
divide the spoils of a disastrous Bank cor
poration. Corruption, on the part of a
Bank officer, should lie deemed a highly
penal crime, and punished accordingly.
My general views in relatiou to these in
stitutions, and their connection with the
public interest, remain unchanged; and hav-
ihg been froofly communicated 10 the l»*r
General Assembly, I deem it unnecessary
to reiterate tlm sentiments therein conta’tt-
ed. Copies of all the Bank reports made
during the present year, under the provis
ions of our oxisling laws, aro herewith sul»-
mittod to the Legislature; which will ena
ble tlm Representatives of tlm peoplo to
judge of the present slate and condition of
these institutions, nnd will show to what
extent they have complied with tho requir
ements of tlio law.
The history of our own limes, urges up
on the consideration of every informed and
; reflecting citizen, rim indispensable neces
sity of increased exertions lb educate the
rising generation. We need some system,
which will produce a general effect, and op
erate boneficiiilly upon the whole eoninuin-
by bom governments us iutniders ul tliu.ffty. Our republican institutions can never
mbst assuming character. Tlie lands, now j bu considered safe and stable, whilo n smull
iu the occupancy oi those persons undnt our j number of individuals, however talented,
existing laws ought lo bo granted to tlm | can lead and misguide whole communities,
tliawers who avo the rightful owners, mid; to tho very brink of ruin. Wlmtl the
who liavo been restrained from the occu. | number of educated men in n politicial
pnney by the laws ot tlm S ate now in j community, is so few, av to ho chiefly con-
retlity, efl'ecting'bnt 'tlftlc ga.el. It is'ob
vious to me, that we haj.ca.tparitiiciittt.Mqng
enough upon htfr'|Aeseiii syslctn df Acader
one, a ad .PoorSchonl eijuiuulon; and that
we should no longer be coiitont with ac
knowledging existing imperfections, but that
we should, at- once, attempt an enti e retto
vatiou ■ of the system. 'In making this
cuange, this important fact should be con
stantly kept in view—that to make educa
tion truly valuable, while the mind is cul
tivated end disciplined, the pupil should be
carefully trained to habits of industry and
morality. To make the. rising generation
better, wiser and lisppiei—and at the same
time, eradicate 01 diminish povetiy, op
pression and crime—should be the leading
objects in establishing a general and well
based system of public education. With u
view to promote these great objects, I res
pectfully submit to the Legislature, my de
liberately funned opinion, that, in order lo
ensure success, it is indisponsably necessa
ry to connect with the education of our
children, regular nnd systematic manual la
bour I believe that children in a well
regulated institution, designed for useful
education, should be taught various arts of
lucrative labour; so that in due lime limy
may be able to earn a comfortable living by
the labour of their own hands. From my
uwnobservarion on the subject of education,
and from ptl the information '2 have beeu
able to procure from others, I consider that
system of education best, which keeps youth
most constantly employed, body and mind;
and which exercises the most unceasing
Vigilance tiud contrdul, dai/ and night,~
wliicli excludes all vitiating associations and
practices, and which superintends oven,
the amusements nnd social intercourse of
the pupil. Another idea, not less impor
tant, orgfis upon our consideration the ex
pediency of connecting manual labour with
a system ol public education. The mos'
vigourous constitution without exercise, is
soon wasted by disease and do.ay; and a
full developnment of the powers of the
mind, in such cases, is r rrely attained by the
most diligent application. If "bodily czcri
cise" bo dnas profitable it
ip tlie development
of the phisical and mental power* of youth,
I consider'employment
arts, arid especially ^rfici
ill tho rue
uRurff, ns I
Mechanical
beingfar
force. Those persons huvo already done
their own people, the state of Georgia, aud
oor common country, great .mil serious
injury. They liavo boon tlie ilupus cad iuatra
incnls ai ho.nt; and abroad, of {dooporute political
agitation whoso thulious spirits uro uol.ridlod by tin.
rcaur.tiala of virtuous putrioiisui
A judicious and well regulated system
of public economy req. uiros, that tho peoplo
mid tneir representatives, should bu per
fiaoil lo one or two professions—Who may
therefore the more readily unite their efforts
to contronl and direct society, with a view
to their own selfish aggrandizement—the
liberties of the people must bo endangered.
Tho conservative influence of education is
grealfy needed in our State. That gennr-
al system, which may he best calculated
to impart to our whole people, the blessing*
br» few l)llt extremely rit'.h. ‘I'lliw c V' ,1 ‘ ,, »a«n-which(fed jriiuwd lieorty to .nun
1 ‘ ri. » , purpu.ind virikucu." IV n, llnm-luro, Stdiow oil-
Itowwver ran n-ter lid pr'jierly t’S- l sans, us lire Si'atnrreats ol'ibe paaidoq Hlicald exert
Pftfinetl. until mt*ll '*f I’HliUnl ami 1*'”’ the ma-t «araa»ing vigilance, ttn.l is-ltfer net
. 1 11 1 .... *., , 1 ■ >ur, ' ,l '<s In be l»d rw.rjv “By every wind 111 doe-
enterprise, slmll hive set'll it tt» to**." but«.i.,in.« r»q,aabeumpuand adnora
tlietr A-lr-tll-A^o • t<» rlireet tlieir “! A'snitts.iro.s, J seer.U*)» and
aUentlon to onr ucrtloh «tf the
country, /t is irue we had men of
ca-ntti ftmougu* tluritii* Ui'*
Burnm.>r, hut they are not kind of
caoiialist the eonnirv retj'iiern.
I Ify have in ma-teases einployt’d
tlieir capital in tho envelopment.
not tlevvUipment of thu hidden
trwfmrMhf the country.
i*he lime is rapidly apjtronchtn"
wli ’it the lOeu of enterprise, will
find iigrently t.» his in erevt, tu
turu his t-tfeufion to oor Gold ctnttt
try. For, the most of the deposit
Mitten m-mt to jgrv-'l extent ex
luiustui afe vyear-, At the fartli-
^n.
-tl*|iMss, and satat as tka intiaoiiiSa nnd cxumplo
otticargia \vrUu\tnuJ, uor itHpu.dic will bo vale.
i lie dr wing o| me Lottuifttis, Wuicll
were in progress at tlio lust session of trie
L 'gisl-ilurti, w is co apeilud nboul tlio fir-,
if day Ik*'; add inonct of tho Legislature,
providing for the orgniuz Uion ol ten new
counties out ol tlio I'erittory thus disposod
of, has fcnett eorritM into effect— amt w,-
liavo tow, a so.tro.l frevnold |H>|iulation on
every part of our I'erriiory coutplaiod to
.tite’ailinmitireiroii ot oar laws, so |',ir as 10
secern most ot (no blessings of oor system
10 tnose, whaae enterprise has ted them
to become settlers in that interesting section
of our state, hitheriu Iho abode ol a people
woolly uoq .aimed to eejov the blessings of
wi-o self government. Til* accomplish-
o»coi ol to.s great and desirable object to
our state, has been intended, at evory slop,
Ibctly fatiiili.tr with the liaaucial condition ; of a compel'ml, busiuos* education, c annot
nutl resources of tlie S.aie, No hr.inch of j fait to promoto individual -hattpiimss, ns tvu|1
pol111c.1l economy require* greater shtil| ] as greatly to sirtmgthon 1 he bonds of our
wisdom nnd pruJotit forecast, iu a govern-: republican institutions. It is not necessary
mum liko oor’* than lint of devising tiro 1 1I1.1I our sons should all be Qffllege-hrud
ways and iiio.nts.lo meet tiro uxpondttunjs, 1 enntleinen—* euro not for n^pes—if our
which popular opinion seoni* to dentmd. children can rocive ailuqua'o instruction
At this iimo, tlie g mural voice of every po-; in.llp.sylid iijtf us.ditl branches, of science,
htical comimiaity, is raist-d in favour o(gen-' it is immaterial with ipa wltother they ac
red/ education, a* well as a liberal cut.tva- : qairn it in Universities, Colleges, Acadtr-
iion of me arts aud sctcncos. Nor is tlie ' tnies, Lyceums Work Shops, or Manuel
it.-mind less urgent-for duo most spendid
works of IMIeril.il ipiprovemoui* Ail tins,
I deem to bo prop*;*' enough, no one domes
me - ivatic.) n-inl of tlm country jn tnose
iuipai lnm objects, more than l do, buuruo
dignity const*.s hi living within our circum
stances, ami lot us therefore scrutinize uur
moans. The p.'oplool Georgia have lung
enjoyed the ovet flowing hoiiniies of their
1 icli amt axtonsive territorial inheritance,
but those advantages, as a source of public
revenue, now no longer exist. The pres-
mil financial resources of tlio Statu, consist
ol a capital of abjilt tiro and <1 half mill,
ions ul dollars—up.w trd* of one. million pf
wmen, is composed ot tlm »lock owned py
til.- Slate, in tour of our incorporated hanks;
about one million of tlio uotos ol citizens
disc itniicd by the Central B-tuk, and the
balance, of vari-m* tlems, including specie,
non as, notes, enu <1 stock aud other ev t
deuces of deb s due the Stale, la addition
to tho f.negoing, the State still bus a scat
tered rctouan l of fractional lands, which by-
prompt and appiupriato logislatiou, migm
ne made available for public purposes—
file aggregate, annual piofits accruing tu
tue S<ate, at this time, upon her various
inves-mati s, amount to tlie sum of atiou
Libnnr' Schools of any description wlialev
er. Tile groat object to ho effected is, to
giv« tho plain working man an education
which shall make him intelligent, virtuous
and useful—and which shall place him upon
the ground of hopeful competition, with the
professional classes, who are assuming the
lead in the entire government of tho coun
try.
I rejoice at tlie gradoal growth ami in
creasing prosperity of Franklin College.
Till* Sm»e institution merit* the continued
pitronaga of onr whole people—it this
time, I consider it entitled to tlie confidence
nl the people, and that it should recaivo
tbn liberal suppoit of their Representatives.
Tlie liiorary and moral worth of tho Prexi-
ideut and Faculty, together'with the increa
sed facilities nf hooks aud apoaraio*, affords
tlie most flattering assurances of its future
and permanent usefulness; and I trust that
our Siato mnv yet Ire remoneruted for all
sho has expended, or may expend, io xap-
port of tba< institution. Rot iu relatim to
our other expenditures, for purposes of
oubltc education, i do not feel authorized
to aocak thus fl itienngly; for, thsannuo!
exneitditure of upwards of forty thousand
dollars lor tho support of AcufeiniHi and
one hundred and twenty Thousand doltari. . Poor Sbool,, 11,oj.lt tv H-iutcnJed, is, in
bing,~it the sttn.aainic. th» interest of tho residua
oftfta comm.ulity.from injery being aastniaed by
aay egclosivw privilege* which may be granted.—
Our past experience, however, shonld admonish
us to be aafctious I tow we entangle the State, hy
becamiag pertaers with individual*, ur corporate
bodiesoiine*. Such associations between Oor-
orainem and its citizens, are ceasidered daogeroar
to equality and liberty. The favoured capitafist,
who becomes a partner with the Government,
rarely fail* to assume some oaosoal consequence
on account of tlie association: and generally, the re
sult it,that the government is left 10 bear the bur
then* of tne concern, while the individual partners
raaji the whole profits—or abandon the project be-
^t®"y thing is advanced oxcopj by the govern-
Ifthe state shonld, at this time, determine to,
enter upon any great work ofinternal improv ement. -
n alionld.be a central Rail Road through the entire
rtate beginning at the treat emporium oh out {coast,
and proceeding from thence, in a direction beet
calculated to benefit the larged portion of oar pop-
0lilt.O.i, to the base efljie nieunt.iins A Well con
structed Rail Road, through the centre ol the sfati',
being Once completed, it weald be speedily inter
sected by various roads fioih all purls of the state
itMne points niort needed. The great high way
ofconiinerei.il intercourse being pennanentlythos
established, nothing could then hinder the progress
of internal improvement in Georgia, to the foil ex
tent which utility might dictate. To effect any
tiling permanently useful, it is necessary to concen
trate the public inind to one groat central olrjdct,'
which xtin.fl Ire considered and patronized as u
State work, designed for the benefit of the whole
penpic, The credit and resources of oar State
should not he ..speeded open local or partial works
id internal improvement. Our commencement
mast necessarily be accurate sarveys, upon which
true estimates may bo predicated, nmi this can on
ly be obtained by the services of u skilful and welt '
qualified Engineer. In connection |wilhjthis sub
ject tlm views of it highly respeetutile an t numer
ous portion of our fellow-citizens of Savannah and
Macon: herewith submitted, aro entitled to the
most deliberate and respectful consideration: a*
also tho report of the commissioners, John G. J‘oi-
liill, Hugh L.iwson, nnd Moses Fort Esquires, who,
under n resolution of the Inst Legislature- were up-
pointed und instructed to examine the poit ofBruas-
wickandtho Rail Read avenue to tho Allamuha:
which report, with vurious other documents, it
herewith laid before the General Assembly.
Savannah, the first settled point und long
established emporium of our State, hat for
yuats past, contended against a rivalry,
which has not only paralized her advance
ment, but must eventually annihilate her
prosperity us an important commercial city,
unless* she i* sustained by liberal legisla
tion. Many consideration* connected with
our history as n State, forbid the abandon
ment uf our first and most important tea.
port town, unlust the interest of the great
body of tlie people of the Sflite, shall rc. -
quire suclt a coutse. The great question
which should now be settled is, whether the
interest of the people of Georgia will bo
most effectually promoted by a deierinjna-
n'lion tin sustain and finilrf nj> Savannah?—
Or whether we should look to Brunswick,
Darien or some other port, a* possessing
equal Or superior udvantges? The reason
tylty this question should now be settled is
obvious. If we commence a great centra!
channel of commerce—we' should com - .
Mence at (lie ocean und proceed 10 the
mountains. The Slate shonIB bave but ot.e
work of his’ discretion on hand at a -time;
and that should bo directed with the single
view of benefiting the greatest number of
our citteuns. Various considerations ad
monish every true Georgian to lay aside hi*
local and sectionnl prejudices, and to
exorcise a magnanimous spirit of patriotic
state ptide, which will secure to himself and
fellow-citizens those comnrertral advan
tages, which the God of Nature designed'
for the people, who should inhabit this fa
voured portion of the confederacy. It
would hd mortifiymg, indeed, to see the im
mense product ol our town State drawn front
their natural channels of destination (our
own extensive Atlantic coast) to Charleston
and the Gulf of Mexico—merely for tho
want of industry and enterprise on the part
of oar own citizens! Not only the products of our
own ports, bet, by timely nnd judicious measures
of internul improvement, a very considerable por-.
tion of the H'estem trade might be drawn to tlie
ports of Georgia...winch is believed to be the best
and most natural channel fot, much of that trade.
The immense and supcrabmindqig products of the
great and fertile IFesi, are more than sufficient to
Thoio-
prefinable /o /liosc pbtvp t.ii,L pas/imes,
which'of presort, occupy so much of fueir
/into, nnd in wbicb fbev epgage without uny
sensible or rational lAfutt of utility whit
evet. A self-suppor/iug system of educa
tion is also -the more desirable, from the
impffrtautconsideration,tii >t itis calculated
to level those distinctions in society, which
arise from the inability of tiro pour to edu
cate tlieir uitild. cn in our existing institu
tions, In recommending a cltango of our
syttam of pnor school education, I would
bv no means, be umlmstood ns rocomtnen*
ding a reduction of tho fends appropriated
to that object; but as proposing such an
improvement of the system, as will more
profitably employ that fund, for the benefit
of the poor, aud as will have a tendency
to bring (horn nearer to the level of tiro
wealthy,
Every years experience affords addi
tional evidenco of thb correctness of the
views heretofore communicated to the
Legislature by myself, und predecessors,
in regard to life defective condition of our
intlitia system. Tlie exocutivelia* not the
power to correci|th so imperfection:) which
have been so often pointed out, without
tho co operation of the legislature. The re.
ports of the keepers of the pttbticArsennls,
at this ptace and Savannah, arc herewith
transmitted. From an ’experiment made
upon a few hundred of Muskets, which had
been returned to the Arsenal in this place,
out of repair and greatly injured by rust, I
find that the guns belonging to tiro state
in like ‘condition, m ty be put in good order
order, at an expenso of one dollar each-
\V011ld it not tuerefore be economy for the . ,
Legislature to ptovide for the collecting { natural outlet, NeW-Orleans.
- -Ion" I foro ’ 1 ,e 8ur P lus products of that fertile region
and cleaning of the scattered arms belong
ing to tire State.
must necessarily socjc a market elsnwhoro. Hence, ■
wo kavo witnessed the efforts of New York, Pcnir-
Unrler the authority *f a joint resolution ef, sylvania, Muryland, and lately, Virginia nnd South
the General Assembly, approved on tho 82d of Do-1 Cntolma. to obtain a portion nf tlio fPestorn trade
cemberlast. William Schley. John A. Culhbert ’ ..... -
and Joseph Henry Lumpkin, Esquires, were ap
pointed by the Executive, *’To prepare a plan for
the Penitentiary buildings—digest a system oflaws
for it* government and organization—and to re
vise and amend tho penaf laws of this Slate, so far
as relates to the punishments, which that code pre
scribes, and report tlio wltolo to the next General
Assembly.” la in upprtsed. that tlio report or those
gentleman, is in a state of preparation, and, will
in duo time, Im lui.l before the Lcsislnture. Not
having been directed to bn submitted to the Execu
tive, hut passing directly to the Legislature, I deem
it inexpedient la venture a remark on the several
important subjects, embraced in the Report. The
eharactor of these'gentlemen, as jurists, justifies
the expectation, that the views to he submitted hy
men), will he useful to the l,egi*i.rture, and to tlio
by tltcir canals, rail und turnpike roads. Should
not Georgia strive for apart of this immensely vain-’ *
nble trade! The eastern counties of Tennessee
ere ncmer to the coast of Georgia than any other
Atlantic market; nnd it is confidently believed, that
if we had n suitable channel ot commerce, or in
other words, a good rail rood from a seupott in
Geurgia to the mountains.it would be extended
without delay to the heart of the great H'est. ‘rite
great mountain barrier wnich separates the H'. e-
tern from the Atlantic waters, ear., it is believed,
ho mure easily overcome, and ul fur less expense in
Geurgiu, than in any one of (he Atlantic titates.
Under the authority ofa joint resolution of the
General Assembly, passed ut the last session,
William Nichels, jr, Esquire, a gentleman of high
qualification* was duly appointed by tbe Executive,
und lias made the nccersury survoys, to ascertain the
practicability uf a commercial communication be
tween WostPoint in Troup county und the town of
Columbus: which report is in a St:,*: of preparation
and will bu laid bolero tbe Legislature at an ear
ly day nf the present session. Tlie information
conformity with tho provisions of the net of tho i collected by this examination nr.d snrvey, will en-
lust Goneral Assembly, is here with submitted — able the Legislature to determine what can, and
Hince the report has been received at this Depart
ment, there has not been sufficient time, from other
indispenaihle duties, to investigate its details with
that scrutiny, which hn* heretofi.re boon customa
ry, and which is always desirable lt is believed
however, that the operations of tlio past year bave,
under all Ilia circumstanced*, been succcsstally
c.iddactod for t’.-o interest of thv institution end of
the State. In onr efforts lo sustain tho insti’ution
wo should profit by past experience, and intro
duce improvements as fist as circumstances nnd a
due regard lo economy will admit With one ad
ditional remark, 1 will dismiss tbe subject of tna
Penitentiary : und thnt is—that oar leading polio
country; nnd ns the preparation of tlieir report hnk
required much time and lalmur, it is thorufi.re to be
expected that they will be suitably compensated.
The annual report of the Inspectors of the Peni
tentiary. required to be made to tltu Exccutiv.
ought to bn done, to improve the commercial facil
ities uf that interesting section of tlio Ctvle,
In pursuance of the provisions of a resolution
approved tlie 21th December last, l|i< improve
ments on the Fractional Surveys uflnnd in tlm
Cherokee Territory, have been rented forthe pre*. ’
out joar, and tlio notes received for rent knvobecn
deposited in this Department, subject lo the direc
tion of the Legislature. The reports of tho com
missioners who performed this duty nro herewith
submitted, nnd will afford lull and detailed infor
mation o.i this subject.
Various resolutions passed hy tlio Legislatucr*
. ufn number of the States of tlie Union, on sulxecla
should be to make the institution maintain itself. J of genctal concern, have been transmitted to this
The honest part of society feel n repugnance to tbo
idea of labouring to support the convicts in the Pen.
itentinry. Therefore their comforts should bo pro
cured from tlieir own labour, which under skilful
management and good discipline, is the best means
at our disposal for effecting the great objects of pen
al punishment, by preventing crime and producing
reformation. .
Tne reports ef tha superintendents of the public
hands, will present to tbe Legislature the opera
tions, progress sn.I success of that branch of the
public service daring the past political year—and
wh.cn, under all tho circumstances, suthnrizu tire
belicftliat tlie agents entrusted with the imj rove-
men! of onr public road-, aro entitled to the ijnblie
confidence and approbation. My general views,
heretofore submitted io the Legislature on this sub
ject, have undergone no cltauge. But it devolves
on the representatives ot the people and Dot the ex-
eective, to delermtno whether tlie present system
shall bu abandoned, or be sustained by such legis
lation as has heretofore been suggested.
No one con Teal more gratified than myself, at
the manifestation of the rising spirit of enterprise,
which has characterized the proceedings ef our fel
low citizens, in various parts of the .Jtate, in regard
to works nf internal improvement. This npir..
should not be checked, bat encouraged by the Le
gislnture. /.’very citizen and section uf the Slate
suoul.i have tlie lawful privilege of investing the,:
capital according lo tlieir own viu s ofprofi : gum
Department, with n rcqust, that they nhouhJ ha
luiil before the General Assembly of this State—
And aro, therefore, renpocfully sahmitted for your
consideration. Maay of these documents aro so
voluminous, thutit lias been found impracticable* In
furnish copies for the eunveoieaceof the- respective
blanches of the legislature; the originals of such
are. therefore, transmitted to tho House of Repre
sentatives. No recommendation or comment on
the part of Iho ^peutive is deemed necessary in
regard to tha resolutions submitted, except tbore
pained hy the Legislature of Alaoiimu. on *lfie sub
ject of the boundary lino between tliat Suie aatl
our own; and those from the State of Pennsylva
nia. on the subject uf the “entire abolition ol* lot
teries."
The importance of an amicaLlo, speedy and do
finite adjustment of the boundary line between
Georgia and Alabama, is too pbvious lo require ar
gument; aud the plan proposed hy the Legisldtaru
of Alobiuna, isenuUed lo the respectful considcra*
uouoftho Representatives of the people of Geor
gia The resolutions, togellicr with the correspon
dence, which has passed between the Executives
•if tlie two si lutes, will urge the expediency of an
••urly uitentiou to thin subject—and 1 would re com-
m.nd to (he LdtgitUntum, ucourse which may afford
ult ttkileuce, MiuC Georgia is prepared lor the
iipiu investigation ot her claims, and that
■leoKs uolliiiig hut thnt justice from odier* l
I b». Matitf-ictorv to hoisclf.
which alone ivi/l