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Ml
1ST OF
C 11
l> ,r
tarwaa**
t"h|i; fluty of the legislatutu to pass all such
1 »» ns will prott’cl the Indians in the right
Yhich Ituvu been scruied to them by *.Ih
treaty. Laws should be made, psitirulari;
With'a view to prevent lifcspSSs&utm then
landi, mid to secure them against ell frsuo
uient contract* in Yelftliott to reutin^ and
leasing (heir pi ettllsrt,
These people have Irocomo citizens of
the Stale, and Imre placed themselves un-
jer the protection of our laws, by ilictr own.
consent, freely and voluntarily giv< n, and
wn are called upon by every consideration
of justice and humanity, to £u,ml tbeni »•
gainst the impositions to which they tvill
lw constantly exposed, front tltoir ancient
hibits olid their ignorance of our laws.
JOHN GAYLE.
“ Executive DhiMiiT.MhN'r, l
Tusculoos:!, Kith Dec. 1833: j
.Sin—The Secretary of War in liis letter
of the 31st Oclobur, which ybtt did me the
honor to deliver, on your arrival, smtes
aliat you Imvu been placed fully in the views
oftlio President, in relation to the difficul
ties which have amen from tlm orders off the
Government, for the rcmioml of tho set
tlers from file territory ceded by the Creek
/iidiaiis, in March 1832. Those, I am
satisfied, you Itnve comniiinicnmd with
frankness and without reserve, in llic a*v-
eial conversations we luvo had on the sub
ject. I am anxious to lay before the Le
gislature, whicli|ii now in session, all tho in
formation I have received and can obtnit;
and with a view to prevent any misuti-
derstaiiding which might proceed from a
warn of accuracy in my own recollection, I
have to; request that yotl will, in answer to
this note, furnish me with the substance of
the e'xjilauutions you havo^ already^ jpvrjtj
may think- proper to communicate in cdu-
uexion wiiltili - existing controversy
Inforiv.aliou lias been received through
the medium uf the public journals ofWnnli
iitgion City, that ten companies of the l)..
nitetl Stales troops aro marching to Fort
Mitchell, for the purpose or executing tho
.orders of the Government, for tho c’xptti
. siou of tho solders from die ceded territory.
Statements of mis kind aro not usually ro
lled on; but uiicontrudicied as this is by the
.Globe, it has obtained geueri.l credence;
has already produced much suliciltido and
some excitement in tho Counties shuttled In
the .Creek country; mid will I apprehend,
if true, disappoint, in somn degtoe, the
hopes by which you, us well as myself, have
• been oncaurngod, thut this unpleasant bu
sines* would bo brought to a speedy and
latisluctary termination. 1 trust you have
it hi your power to allay tho unxiely which
this supposed inovoment of the troops has
pioduced, and I sIihII be gratified to learn
that ii has no connexion with tliu pending
controversy.
I have tho honor to be, with great rci<
poet, your obedient sorvant,
JOHN GAYLE.
F. S. Key, Esq.
Tuscaloosa, lfitli Doc, 1833.
Sin—I have just rcceivud your note df
this muuiing, .mid will procsed lo state the
suLstaitcu of the communications J have
hud tiie honor to make to you, since my
Qirivul, us to die views of the President in
iclttiion to.the orders you mention. .
I - informed you tliui I had seen Colonel
Abort in tho Creek country, who wns en
gaged in locating the fndiun reservations;
that be had employed the requisite-assis-
fnms, so ns to expedite the discharge of
thut duty, mill believed u would be com-
pi«lttLlilUb6 13th January,
Ftoin the manner in which Colonel A*
beri und Mi. Bright were insiiucted to
proceed, the lends iuivudtd for tlm Indians
will be laid off (as far as consistent wiiti
the provisions of tlm treaty) united in large
bodies, leaving the subdivisions among tlm
individual In linns, to he made hereafter ;
thus showing tho position of tho resoi va-
tions.
By .this means all tlioso portions of tho
ceded territory, lying' without lira reserva
tions, will bo’dcsiguaiod and released from
tlm stipulations o' (be treuty, and the or
dersolihe Mutshal will uol operate upon
the settlers, who may ho found upon
those lands- Tlioso among l!;0 set:,
tiers, who muy bo found upon tho Indim
reservations, will Imvo it in ilteir power to
purchase the right of thy 'Indians, whose
land timy occupy, and tin agent vv ill be ap
pointed bv the' Piesidetti, who may be
daily expected, to certify ail sach contracts
according to tlm piuvisiuus uf the treaty.
So'thut every settler, so a,bugled, will have
the option either to purcl asu tho Indian's
title and remain, or leuvo tho land lor otli-
ets to.puichaso.
1 expressed to you tho President's solici
tude to make utruiigiiiciils tor the puschusc,
on the part of the government, of tho iuv
dittn reserves, and lot tho removal of tho
/mlians; and tlmf i iiud been instruued to
lake measures lor tlm accomplishment ot
this pm pose, wipe)) / hoped would bu suc
cor tul; ihat tit- President was convinced
that litis measure w ts necessary for the pre
servation uf the Indians) and on ovety ac
count desirable to tile people of Alabama;
thut in refoft'nco to this subject I lutd snf-
islaeunily ascertained, that u largo piopor-
tiqn ol tlm lt.ditns, were now witling to
sell and .leave tlm Stale, mid Hint 1 lutd
wiU'.m, to the Seevettiry of.War, that I be-
huvud rim Indians ouumgthu leservultous,
wOnhl hit disposed to sell and emigrate, ns
goon >s uye-itts were sunt out with authority
foi that purpose. 1 also stated to you,that
'Colonel Alien had iuloitned mu that many
of the sutlers hud culled upon him, since
lie came into tlm State, o uscciluiu the
Course iuietuied to be taken by tlio govern,
nteui, to whom hu Ituil fully stated these
views, autl that wiihout exenp ion, limy ex.
ptesst d their satisfaction; & (lull ns far ns 1
coulu judge 1mm tho cunveruliQUS 1 ttad
held with many peisoas I believed the same
. satisfaction vuty getter, liy pruvaillt d.
I repeal the liope-aud belief, wuicli I
derived from ilmse citctiaistaiicrs, ittid ox
pressed hi our couvonutions, tlnn i, w, it
a ty of the settlers, who may lie found mi
these tost rvaUotis, unhid, it loft, | 0 putstto
fUi. ov n course, be so unriaisonsbl' us o
reluse cither to buy ol tlm Indians oi re*
tunvnfiom tltoir lands aud lei tUm jell to
p bus. / show d you a copy of a letter /
1 cd r< cived since my unit at biro Irom
r e Secreiaiy of War, to Colonel Alien,
jin answer to u u quiiics mane by that otli •
cer, which stated the course thu I’/t sideut
..mild think proper loyadopt, in exercising
■ tic power given Inin by the third arlicle ot
■lie treaty, ol directing the manner in which
/best; inters, ro bu luid off for the Indians,
may be conveyed lo llu ni, and of approv
ing such contracts., By . ibis, it appears,
tlffll the Picsideiit will not consider any
contract wills an Indian frr his reservation
as mmle oil a lair consideration, as requit
ed by ihe arlicle, unless the price is equal
to ilm minimum price at which tlm public
:snd is sold. Aa it is intended that the m-
seivatintrs will he so laid off ns to give
them lend, nl least equal Co the ave-
i •tgu'quulity of tlm public laud, it is not lo
pi estnm’il that a less sum would would lie a
fair price; ' Uc will also require the cnrli-
ly mg ngeni to lake proper measures to have
undoubted evidence of the actual pay men!
of tho purchase money.
The (’resident's views are also express
ed in dial letter, as to a species of contract
which it is generally said, has been resort
ed to, hr is intended to bo resorted to by
some uf rlio persons who are dealing with
die Indians for their reservations. The
conveyances, which lib will approve ot,
most be conveyances of the Indian’s whole
tide, by which lie will get a full equivalent
let- his land, so ns to secure to hint, ns far
n* possible, the fair payment of (lie consid
eration, and the means' of obtaining a per
manent anti' beneficial provision. Lenses
with die Indiana fur the fivu yeais during
which ihe provisions of the treniy for tlieii
protection Will extend, or for any pardon
of that lime, lie will not approve. Such
contracts would keep them in a state of ab
ject dependence) subject tliem to impose
duns, and make them victims to ail die
dm coni'
mutiny, to which they wutild he a bur-lton,
tiiai their contracts -should bo sales, and
that they should remove. This deiurmin-
atinn will, I trust, appear not only humane
towards the Indians, and culled fur by the
true spirit and meaning of die treaty, blit
just ami beneficial to tho peoplu of ) Alula
nut, • ’
lit reference to tho lust suhjoct mention
ed iii your note, I can only say that 1 am
entirely without information. 1 have re
ceived no coriiniunicadon having any refer-
coco, or muking tiny intimations, ns to tho
sending of troops, for uny purpose, to 1 any
patrol this Statu. Aor cult i believe die
movement of the companies you mention,
justifies nny excitement in the Creek coun.
tics. I should hope that as your Excellen
cy is fully advised of the views of the
President, and of the course which ho lias
felt bound to tnko in fulfilling Ihe obliga
tions of the Creek treaty, it would not be
supposed, front any circumstances, that any
change ot that course can bu intended,
Honing that nothing will occur to pro
vent tlm restoration uf mutual confidence
and harmony, so sincerely desired liy die
President, ' ' '
-1 pm, wilh' great respect,
Your obodienf servant,
F. S. KEY,
His Excellency, Gov. Gavi.b. ?-'
1*. S. 1 understand.the present orders
us directed; to be executed on thu l5 tlt of
January, and no/ before. By that day, I
am assured dint the locating agb|tit will have
so far completed ilteir duties as to have de
signated tho resnrvuiions, so that the orders
will only operate on the parts so designat
ed.
■S \
an? office; undcr^ tiii»«»nilfcTi>i ; eahjjfvqp
account ofttuclt pcn-idlt.
Sec. 1,1. Aiul be it further ennrMti,
That any person no minted to anv office,
place, or a,ipoiainii-uj, under Ine General
Government, who shall nut signify his in
tention inr decline the a'cceptnttce' thereof,
previpus ip acting (.rider any appointment
tinder lliircoinmonwealth, shall be equally
liable, to the exclusions ol this net, as if he
had actually accepted the Same.
Sec. lit. All acts and par/s of nets,
coming within the.purview of this act, shall
bu, mid are hereby repealed.
Sko. IV. Nothing herein contained
shall so operate as to create any exclusion
whatsoever upon militia officers nr.sofdicrs,
on .account of dm reconipenseihcy may re
ceive from the United Slates, when called
To protect themselves against such «
tyrannical encroachment, the Legislature,
on the 28.b of December, 1798._ti | t> | Clod a
law, imposing a fine and imprisonment
upon my person who should aid or assist in
enforcing the Sedition Law, against any
membe r off the Legislature, for words spo
ken or written, or fur 'nny proposition
made, or proceedings had in the Senate or
Ilonsuof Delegates, and in order lo be
prepared lo defOud tJm commonwealth a-
gainst any bloody bills which dm federal
usurpers might,resort !o,asnmausof enior-
cing tlieir despotism, tin"act was passed on
the 18th. of January, 1790. a jfew days af
terwards, to authorize tile immediate par-
chain of arms, and fho immediate arming
of the mjliiin. Aor tvns this all. In ur-
Jer that no double allegiance might he
pleoTled "by office holders who might ho! otit into actual duly
disposed to fide with the usurpers against j Sue. V T/tis act shall commence and bo
dieir own unlive Siale, ii law was passed,' jn force, from and after tho first day of Ju-
rendering it mcnmpatibiu for a citizen to |y next
field an appointment undue both giA'eru-
Frum the Philadelphia Examiner.
TBI S1.UITI0N CAW NUM.lnY.IJ XV V1H0IK1A.
The Sediliou Law otmeted by Con,
gross on tho ldth 'of July, 1798, by which
tho liberty of speech and of' thu press,
guaranteed by the Constitution, was anni
hilated, was not only met in Virginia by thu
resolutions adopted by Iter Legislature, but
it was absolutely nullified by an net oi ns •
scmbl.v, us far as it applied to a portion of
Itor citizens.
By tho net of Congress it was declared
“that if any person shall write, prim, uiior
or publish, or shall Cause or procure to hu
written, printed, uttored) or published, or
shall knowingly and willingly assist or aid
in writing, printing, uttering or publishing,
any false, scandalous and malicnus writing
or writings against the government uf tho
United Stales, (that is tu say," Timothy
Pickering, Alexander Jiannllbn i$* Co.)
or cither House uf tho Congress of tho C-
lined . Status, (thm is to say Samuel Dex
ter, JSenjamin Goutlhue, William Ding
ham, Juh.iathan Vuywn, Fisher Ames,
Samuel IV. Dand, Roger Griswold, Janets
llillhousc <$- Co.) or thu President ol file
United Stotus, (iliut is to say, John Adams,
hut not a word about (ho Vico Fiesident.
Tnonias Jefferson, whom it was lawful to
vilily just .is much as tho party in power
pleased to. do,) with intent to dufamo the
said government or cither house of (ha said
Congress, or tho said President, or to
bring him, them, nr cither of (hum, into
commupt or disrepute ; or to oxcilo against
thorn, or either, or any of thorn, tho luitrod
of tho good peoplu ol the United States,
&c.”—“Such poison being thereof con
victed helure tiny Coun of tho U, Status,
having jurisdiction thereof, shall ho pun
i,hud, by u lino not uxcocding two thousand
no.i,us, and by hnpiisonmcni nut exceeding
t«o years.”
Tito sweeping expression, "any nor
son” included as well ilia members ot
Suitu Legist,mires, as piiv.Mu citizens, and
it was percolUud ett unco by the republicans
uf Virginia, that ouo moment's submission
<o a duett mo like this would pin an cud to
iltu Irucdutn ol deli.ito, und with llmt to tlm
liberties ol thu country. For, not only
migm a member of tlm assembly have boon
iirivxted und imprisoned, for words tittered
in dubafr, and winch might It ivo been pro
nounced by ilie federal courts “false, scan
dalous, oi hiuliciuus,” Ant even Ihe whole
body, Sei'mle, (lousu of Hepresonmtivcs,
and all, might have.been seized an.l incur-
cur.itud for writing, printing, u(n!riug and
publishing (im very restitutions adopted on
the 24ili of Ducembei, 1798, detiounciug
liio A”an and Sedition L-.ws, as unennsti-
tusitni.il, inasmuch as 'ilinsu tnsnlmion-
were peculiarly calculate! to excite “the
Imtted of ilia good people of the Unifcd
States,” against their High Mightinesses,
w'liu had tints dared to trumpfu upon (hr
moms at the samb time.
As those (itreu nets aro very importanf
features in tho history of the limns that
tried men's souls, tve insert them to-dny at
till) length, having been furnished with co
pies by an obliging friend'of King William
couuty, Virginia. Timy uro as follows:
CHAPTliUXI.
AN ACT, lo preserve the Freedom of
Speech, and proceedings iu the Legislature.
[Pahseu, December 28, 1798.]
WHEREAS freedom of S|*:e<.ti and
pruci'ediHgs apperiaincih of riglu to the
General Assembly, amt the prosuivatioa
ttiereof is necessary to secure the libmiy ol
ihe people. • ,
< n. u -—- w . T|„.i ,jf any
person sltull arrest or prosecute, ot ou ni.t-
mg or abetting in arresting or prosecuting,
a member or members of the Senate, or.
House uf Delegates, for, or oil account of
any words spoken or written; nny proposi
tion tnadu, or proceedings had iu tlt'o said
Senate, or //ousc of Delegates, every such
pursue so offending, shall bu deemed guilty
of a misdemeanor, and shall be apprehen
ded, comniiited and tried therefor, as iu
cases of misdemeanors, before; tlm general
court, or a district-court of this common
wealth, and being thereof convicted by tho
verdict of a jury, shall hu adjudged to suffer
imprisonment tor u term not excluding bno
year, and shall pay u fine, tibt exceeding
two iliousinid-dollars^ which imprisonment
and fine shall ho assessed by a jury.
Sec. II. And ie ii further cnacicd, Thai
if uny member or members of thg said
Soimte, or //ottso of Delegates, shall he
arrested or imprisoned for, oifon account
of nay word, ijpokon or written, -or for any
proposition mule, or proceedings, had iii
the said Senate or House of Dolegat-s,
such member or members may apply to (he
general court, oi n district court, or any
judge thoreof, in vacation, f6r a writ of
Hnbcii* Corpus, who are hereby empow-
powered and required to'issiro did same,
returnable bofo.xi the suit! court, or'said
judge, or any otlior judge, and upon die
return i Unroof, >v' r>uoraio and Utsdiarge
suclt member or members.
Skc. HI, A iu! be it further enacted,
That the provisions of this act shall be ex
tended to the arresting and prosecuting any
person or persons, for words spoken or
written, or lot any propositions made, or
proceedings hud in die said'Senate or,
House of Delegates, and to the discharging
and liberating any person or pdrson*, by
Habeas Corpus as aforesaid, Although such
person or persons, shall by this disqualifi
cation, of from nny other causes, have
Ceased to bo a member of die said Senate
or //ouse of Delegates, n( the time of sitejt
arrest or prosecution,‘Or of tho trial, judg
ment or imprisonment,' in consequence
thereof; Provided, That iiolliing hoi'uin
contained, shall iu nny respect extend to
the power which either house of dm gen-
end assembly now hath, nr may exercisu
over tltoir respective members.
Sec. IV. This act shall commence and
bn in force, from and after die passing
thoreof. , '
CHAPTER XU.
4A' ACT, to amtiul the act, authorising
the Executive to procure Anns for the
defence of the Commonwealth.
[Passed, January 18, 1799.J
Section 1. lie it enacted by t/tei Gene
ral Assembly, That in caso tho subsisting
contracts for units, under tho act minted,
‘An act, to nuihoriso the executive jo pro-
euro arms lor tho doicncb ol dm common
wealth,” aro not complied with according
m limit tenor, within tho timo allowed by
the legislature, the executive, be, and. they
are Itoreby required, to apply tho' money
appropriated to the fulfilirum of those con
tracts to tlm purchase of other aims
wherever tho same can bo lied.
Sec. II. And whereas it may be thought
neccs ary to distribute uny anus which muy
bo procured, among tlm militia ; He it en
acted, thut so much of any law, ns may re
quite tlm executive to erect an arsenal or
arsenal*, shall be, mid lltq same is hereby
suspended until tlm ubxt session of assem
bly.
CHAPTEU.XV.
AN ACT, to amend an act, intUlcd an
ac., to disable certain Officers, under the
Continental Government from holding
Of/icis under the authority of this Com
monwealth.- ' •’ '
[pAssnn January 9, 1799.]
Sec. I. He it enacted and declared by
the General Assembly, That no person
untiling jr accepting any oflico or placo, or
any comissio'Yar appointment whatsoever,
civil or military, urnier the authority of tlm
United Slates, whether any pay or’eitmiu
nmnt bu utiaclmd to such office,. pluro,
commission or . iippuiiitmciit, or othc-rtvisu,
or accepting or receiving uuy' emolument
whatsoever, from tlm United Stages, slutl 1
uu cupuble of beiug elected to, or of hold
ing nny office, legislative, executive or ju
dicial, or any oilier office, placo, or ap-
uoimmeui of trust, or profit, undur tho gov
ernment of litis cuiiinionwealtli: Provided,
That nothing herein coutuined, shall bo so
const, nod as to prevent member* of Con.-
.at'ss ham -ii.iinr as county coutt tu .gis
From the Examiner.
The Revolution.—Mr. Clay commenced
his speech on dm 2Stlt of December, with
tlieso umpliatic words: “Wo aro in the
tlm midst of a revolution, hitherto blood
less, but rapidly tending towards a total
change of the pure republican character of
(he Government, and to the concentration
of all powarJn the hands of one man.”-
To most of the Northern people, this ex
pression sounds like a figuto of speech.—
They' have always associated ini their minds
tlm idea of a'revolntion with tho overthrow
or establishment of inumrrchies, and with
scenes of catnugo and devastation. They
recollect /bit American Revolution ns one
which inyrtjvo,i. (lie people in a soven years
rights of thu. people, and to abolish tlieir in- trams, or from holding offices in the militiu,
aliuimble privilege of writing, printing, ut-] ur su ,,s t<J exclude any person receiving's.
•ermg, and publishing whatever thet I pension from tho United States, tu cottar-
pleased in rcluimiriu t he government*' " iquaucc of any wouud leceivuu iu war, fmm
of revoluiious in South America and Mexi
co, arndmfili.Hhcd by tlm sword of military
chieftains. These associations have caused
thorn to lose sight ofthe true character ofa
revolution, and tliervby tu he ignorant Of
tlm mighty chihigb which has been wrought
ill the political condition of'this country
within the .last thirteen-jgpuilts. What
Mr. Clay asserts, is but half the truth. A
revolution has been accomplished-, and llto
people of these States do not at this day
live u.tidcr the sumo form of Government
as that which existed on the ytit of. Decern-
bor, 1832, as we shall undertake to piova.
Wfi'il is a Revolution? ft is it change
it) (lie form of a Government, accomplislmd
by the popular will, or by tito populttr ac-
quiosconco; or by popuhr subjugation. If
tlm subjects of a nrotiarch dethronojiiiu,
and establish a republic, it is a rovolution.
If tlm citizens of a republic voluntarily con
sent to elevate a citizen to the throne, as
wasiunno in' Frauco in 1830, or acquiesce
if a king be pluccd over thorn, by otAers, os
in tlm cases.of Groeco and' Belgium, or
submit to l)m dominion of a sovereign n ho
has usurpod his power,, and maintains it by
tho sword,' as was recently -the case in
Portugal, if’amouiits to a-rovolution. In
Itko manner, a revolution may be effected
without, any.change in the ostensible struc
ture -A'despotic mon
archy may be changed into u'limited mon
archy, ns happened some yeais since in
.Spain and Portugal; or a limited monarchy
may be changed into an absolute monarchy,
as was subsequently effected by those same
two tiatious. So also may a republic bo
chungcd by the popular Will, from a consti
tutional government'to a despotism of nuni-
bers, or from a confederation of sovereign
Stutos, to a consolidated empire. Any of
these changes is a rovolotion, whether it be
accoitipaniod by violence or commotion, or
bo effopted by Prociiniation or by peacea
ble manifestations of the public will or ac
quiescence. ■ t -. i
Since tlm 'existence of tho presoiil Gov-
crnmeni of tlm Uttiiod Suites, there have
been accomplished threo bloodless revolu
tions. 1 THdjJirt was effected by the Fed
eral pnrty in 1798, who administered the
Government upon tlm principle of u forced
construction of tho constitution, converting
tho confederation into an uuli.imed consol
idation., Of this revolution, t/to Alien and
Sedition Laws were tiie fruits; and had timy
not been mol by ilm ropuhlienn party with
tlm spit it of freemen, long before this (into,
wo should Imvo had a King und a House of
Lords. Tito second revolution was ac
complished by ilm election uf Mr. Jefferson
to the.Presidency in 1800, by which act,
tho consolidated imd 'unlimited Govern,
mout of Jphn Adams, Timothy Pickering,
Alexander Hamilton, Fisher Antes, & Co.
was overthrown, ami tlm Government of
tlm constitution, giving full recognition to
the rights of tho States, us “free* sovereign,
and independent,” ro .established. > Thu
third rovo/ution was commenced by An
drew Jackson, on the lOtli of Dccomltdr,
1S32, nod consummated by tho passage of
the Force Bill, on tlm 2d of March. Since
the latter period, tho Government has
been proclaimed by file President, his Cab
inet, both Houses of Congress, and ft ma
jority of the people, a consolidated empire,'
without limitation of power. Tim recent
act of laying hold of the public purse, by
tho prime mover of this conspiracy against
the liberties of tlm country, is only un ex
orcise of n part of tho power conforrod
upon hitn by this revolution, and so fully
is ho sustained by n majority of tlm people,
thut liis sovereign wi/l, is the law uf the
land. To extriealo tlm country, can only
be effected by a counter-revolution, mid
that can only bo brought about by u resto
ration of tlm Government to the republi
can doctrine ol Stuto Rights, . Nothing
else can save us.
■—OO-.-!
IVo find in a lam London Magazine the
following paragraph ttnnsltitod front tlm
Revue Medicale.— U.S. Telegraph.
.“yVlma.ftll oilier means full in arresting
IpBinonago, a liti/e oil of tobacco lias im
mediately succeeded. That which collects
in tlm stems of pioces which Imvo been long
smokod pipes* will uhswor perfectly. Tlm
discovery Avtts made by Hume!, u chemist
at Berlin, und his mixture is eight ounces
•if distilled water, two drachms of oil of to
bacco, and a few drops of ethereal animal
nil. This lias becnfouudso effectual, that
liy a recool decree of the Minister of tlm
Interior at Mnnicli, all apothecaries aro
oidercd to keep it prepared.”
We hoar u rumor that Mr. Taney will
•accept tho vacant Mission to Russia.
V. S. Telegraph.
From Ihe Philadelphia Exam inert ■
The dignity of ihe Press.—In no par-
ticolar dors llieie exist a ntor.r strik
ing contrast between the character of the
newspaper press, as it Is contacted in Eng
land and in the Utvcd States, titan in per
sonal allusions made to.eriifots in the latter
country. In England, a journal is-known
by its title, mid its rditotial contents are
criticised n$ the productions, not of A. B.,
but ns those of The Times, The Courier,
Tho Morning-Chronicle, or The Globe.
If tlm sentiments promulgated be sound or
philosophical, it matters t not lo the rea
der whether the. author bis ati holiest ntan
of a rogue, a sober citizen or a sot, or whe
ther he have received from tiie proprietor
ofthe pnper five hundred guineas a year
for his pay, or a penny aline. If on the
other, they bo unsound, imbecile, or im
moral, they would command no respect, e-
ven though they were written by my lord
fool. Tltis personification of /lie public
journals, gives a dignity lo tlm Brinish ptess
of which the american* press is generally
deficient. No small portion ofthe contents
of our papers are taken up with the person
alities bandied about from one editor to nu
mber, frequently by name, and often by
nickname. Vulgar and scurrilous abuse is
even tolerated, mid ihe epithets ” black*
gard,” “scoundrel,” and V liar,” are not
uncommon. Now admitting thu; the par
ty thus branded be really the thing tlesciib-
ed, of what consequence is that to tho pub
lic? Why should moil of bnsa lind degrad
ed characters, bo made of so much conse
quence os to have the details of their pri
vate conduct made to occupy the columns
which ought to be devoted to useful and in
structive mat let ? Does die personal a-
-.muse of an-editor, givo less force to , the
truth lie ■may' otter, or add to ilte weight of
tit! argument brought forward to refute- his
assertions? No discreet' man will reply jo
llto (affirmative; - ?
It is time that a stop be p.ut to editorial
vituperation. If an editor i« Ignorant or
profligate, die public will sooner or later
litiij 'it out, aud administer the proper cor.
receive. If bo be able and honest, Vcurrif
ity will neither impair liis standing or liis
infitionco-; and thus it would senm that no
good can result from the indolgenr.o of the
practico, although much evil may ensue to
the public, ftom having a vulgar and vicious
tnsto ministered to and encouragod. As
mode of eradicating this vice from tho press
ofthe Unitod States, a convention of edit
ors has been proposed. Such a scheme
is net likely to-succeed; but if a convention
were to take place, we aro not aware that
atiy. rules could bo adopted which would
have a better effect than those which every
editor has it. in his powor to adopt, without
oaving his desk. We tpaan llto rule :
First, Of never alluding to another edit
or by name, and
Secondly, Of never replying to an arti
cle published by another, io violation of
this rule.
The adoption of these two regulations,
and ndhoring to them Willi fidelity, would
soen purge tho American press of its impu
rities. Those editors whose whole capacity
consisted .in the power ol abuse, would lose
the notoriety which they now derive from
the replies to their attacks, and /ho fame of
all sncli' would consequently bo confiued to
the limited circulation of their own papers;
and this would react upon their vanity, and
compel them to got somebody to Write de-
cenlly for thorn, as the only moans of being
known beyond the precincts of their offi
ces.
—I
nor
TH-CAROLINA.
Legislature.—The Legislatuie Adjourn
ed sine die on Monday morning last, after
p -session of 57 days, tho longest ever .heid
in tho State. A sketch .of the proceed
ings, from tho date of our Inst up to the
lime of adjournment, together with a list
of tho Acts and Resolutions passed during
the session, will be found in another part
of to-dny’s paper. With the exception of
the nets providing for a! circulating medi
um, and for revising aod digesting the pub
lie statute, laws of the State, they will be
found, wo regret to say, far more numerous
than weighty. True, ns the result of all
the last year's excitement, and labor, and
expense, a varioty of rail roads may be
seen magnificently displayed upon paper, &
will doubtless remn'n for ages snugly located
on tho pages of tho statute book, the admi
ration of all who delight to ponder over
musty documents, and revel amidst clouds
of low dust; but ir is apprehended, if the
Stato shall continue to withhold froth
them tho aid of the public Treasury, they
will never bn seen hearing tho burdened
cars, across the bosom of our torritory, nor
affording the opprossed ond dispirited far
mer the desired facilities for transporting
liis produce to market.—Star, Jau. 17.
..MR. BURDEN'S STEAM fcO.-f..
Mr: Durden’* Meant boat hisbeen c<>:
pleted in a tetaporarv way fur an ox;h
mem, which lias lully realizetl theexp/r'- 1
lions of the inveulor. This boat is to trn’
tu tlie rale of tweniy-fivo miles peiJKo!"
If is cortstructed of two oblong narrof hL u
cylinders pointed at each cud, sonathi”
nfter the form of tho small end cf t It;*
spoon. The engines placed betwt&n ■
two, and thus a coradorstblo surface wl
would increase the resistatico' of the wan,
is dispensed with. The boat carries a si
gle engine, the cylinder-of which is b
twenty-four inches in diameter, and tl
power is much less than .is employed b
boats of tho snnie'squaro dimensions. Th
principle upon Which the great velocity i
this bout is effected, was, we believe,' fin
demonstrated by our eminent professor e>
Natural Philosophy, in the South-Cavolin.
Collego (Mr. Wallace.) Mathematician,
had invariably calculated the rcsisleiict
opposed to a solid substance moving ii
fluid upon the supposition that tho ntovihg
substance presented n perpendicular stjr-
face lo tho fluid. But Professor Wull
demonstrated that when the surface
sent was nit inclined plain, of u curve,
forces were brought into play—a Itorizotiti.
one opposing the forward motion of the so
lid snbsfuncn, and-an upward' force, the at
tendency of which was to lift thu substance
out of the fluid, and therefore to diminisij
the action of tiie horizontal force. Tb
resistiincff.lheiefore offered by the fluid i|
niinistn-d ns the velocity increased. W
do not pretend to say llmt Mi. Burden stoff)
fits invention; but we are nevertheless do-*.
terminnd llmt our worthy.and learned Pro-:
lessor shall receive tiie honor due liis saga
city.— Columbia (S. C.) 'limes. ... }
Narrmo escape from a General Conflagra-
-- lion. ■ - j
About 7 o’clock On Monday evening, a-
Fite broke out in (lie workshop, of William
Diiniel, carpenter'und joiner, in tho rear!
and north of Baxter, Fort & Wiley's buil
dings, on Cotton Avenue. Tlio workshop...
together with a lumber Warehouse ndjoiuiiy ('
and a considerable quantity of dressjf
plunk, too!s r &c. was consumed. The I of
fulls principally on Mr. Duniel, who is at I
honest hardworking mechanic* with a young ,
family: Tho occurrouce of the Fire is us j
yet unaccounted for, as no fire or. light had
been used about tho premises by/any one
belonging to ihd shop.
Fortunately for tho preservation of (Its.
city, tho wind at the time was .in an eas
terly direction and swept the flumes and
falling cinders itway from the nearest buiU
dings (the stores occupied by Thomas ,
Taylor, Craft He Fort aud others,) towards 9
(lie nortii west common. Hud the wind {
been north, or west, there is'no calculating J-
tiie extent of the calamity that must ittbvj- ’)
tab.ly have ensued. Probably three fourths,
if. not ihe whole of the city, would have
been reduced lo ashes !
Tiie visiiutiim should pul otir 'citizens on
the ulert. Whilst returning thanks tu
Providdnco for this signal preservation,
they should be induced to redoubled vigi*
lunce and unceasing wmr.hfuliiess. Let
them rdntember tho fnte of Augusta, of
Savannah, of Raleigh, of Fayetteville, and
profit by tjnp lesson. No doubt'incendiaxi
ries aro un'iong us, tvho would rejoice to s«
the devouring flames encircling the fairest
monuments of your industry—aud. against
these )you must be on your guard. JSut. ‘
the incendiary you have most reason to
guard against, is Carelessness—aud a want
of that continual vigilance which would to
tally preclude llto possibility of accidental
flies,' VVhero the danger is so imminent
as it is here—wlirire the breaking out of a
ftro would probably produce such dreadful
consequences, ovory one should bo con
stantly prepatod, os well to meet as ‘(a
guard against ilto event. Buckets and
blanko.ls sliMAdaLall times be in readiness,
and an nbuhdauce of water provided for.
S.'i Cin Telegraph, Jan. l(j,
SOVEREIGNS OF ELROPE.
Although the list bnlow is amusing in
some respects, the term “sovereign” may
mislead thu unreflecting. The King of
England is a cypher in power—tiie bare,
puppet of the aristocracy ; t'm emperor of
Russia U absolute, '('he king of l/<o French
is more wvereign by patronage and practice
than-by the theory which assigns tlio sove
reignty to the nation; white Francis ol
Austria is n despot, and so on. Woo bus
been pronounced •« tho nation “whose
ruler is a child,” yet a pooplo nny fare
worse under u cabal, or under n mature
knave.
Age. of the Sovereigns of Europe.—Tiie
following list shows thu ugo of oil die Eu
foponn sovereigns. Yeaus.
William IV, King of England, Q<j
Charles John, Kins of Swcdou, 69
Pbpo Gregory X! V. 68
Francis I. Emperor of Austria, '66
Froderick.IV. King of Denmark, (Jfj
Froderick William, King of Prussiu, 63
William, King of Holland, 61
Louis Phjllippe, King of thq French, 60
William, King of Wirtemhorg, 52
Mahmoud II. Emperor of Turkey, 48
Louis, King of Bavaria, 47
Leopard, King of the Belgium, 4.
Nicholas, Eaipqror of Russia, Si
Charles Alhock, King of Sardinia, • 35
Ferdinand II. Sicily, of 2~
Maria II. Quoen of Portugal,' l-t
Maria Isabella'Louisa, Queen ofSpuin, 3
Tltore has been an unexpected, aad appa
rently a concerted movement, in some of tho
Western States, against tlio Military Acad-
emy at West Point, it wag lately denounc
ed in tho Legislature of Tennessee, though
the President, in itis last annual Message;
spoke of it in high terms of commendation.
Oil the 12tlt ultimo, Mr. Iliitckson sub-'
milted n setiqs of resolutions in the Legis
lature of Ohio,'declaring tlio - Military A-
cadcmy at West Point to hn unwarranted by
the Constitution of the Uni cd States, fuit-
dameutally wioog in principle, partial in its
operations, and wholly inconsistent witli tho
spirit and, tonius of our insii.ations; and
that it ought to be abolished. Tlio debate
on these resolutions occupied three entire
days; and (hoy were ultimately passed in
tho House of Representatives by a vote of
48 to 24—a majority of two thirds. The
Institution was chiefly objected to as u.
“Nursery of Aristocracy.”— Hall. Gas.
A Remedy.—Tho Richmond Enquire*,,
fomurkitig on an embarrassment of the lo-
cal Banks under the existing pecuniary „
distress, says, “lot them slreugfliaii. them
selves by importing specie from abroad.”'
This is a bright idea. Tlm only parallel
m It, for originality, that wore collect, is
tltn naive remark of tlio English priucass,
wltou during a season of scarcity and sing-
natiqu of trade, being informed that thou
sands of poor creatures worn • starving for
food, nsked, “why don’t limy cat broad an I
lieese? i am sure I would do that, rail)-
er uian die of hunger,’—4/cx. Phanix.
Cimtr.us.~A struogo cinomslnnco has
been related to us. An intelligent «jW of.
this city about 12 yeurs ofq^e, nus shown
a song of soma thtutior lour verses, a night
or two ngo, with which slto wus much
it!based,. ttud oit .getting up the morning
foiloiviug, she told her mother that shc ltad
totirneo tlio song whiloasleep, by rnpeating
it ull night jo Iter unde, of whom slio had-
b en dreaming. The idea was laughed at,
out thu assertion of the child provmf true,
for on asking liar to repeat tbe lines, she
did so without, tho least effurt—.V. V. £fqr
Gen. Scot'.—It ?opois that tho noniina-
ton of tltis geotlpmau as President, has
<‘«u so inusly maiie, und will bo senuo-ly
urged.— Alex Gas.