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.liavn only just euointhiif sensation In TUtoW
that I am niiM.-r.ible, and tlie recollection of.
the happiness of my yrin'tlfifiir days, when,
careless and full of blissful anticipations 1
was a lau jiiim:, merry imy, nnly add* to the
miseries 1‘ now endure,’* ;...
“Behold,” "said Memory, “ ill" conse
quence of tliy deceptions,” and she looked
reproachfully at her Companion.
"IS. hold !” replied Hope, “die deception
practised by thyself. Thou persuades! him
(hat he w.u happy in liist youth. Dost thou
reim-mber tho boy wo niet< when we first
set out together, who was weeping <»> liis
way to school, and sighing to ho a man 1”
Memory cast down her eyes and was si
‘lent.
A little way onward, they came- to a mis
erable cottpge, at tho door of .which' was an
aged Woman, ineaidy chid, aiiil shaking with
. .palsy. She* sat alone, her head' resting .on
nor hos-im, and as tho pair approached
Vainly,tried to raise it up (o look at them.
Gtiod-morruw, old lady, and' all happiness
to you, cried. Hope, gaily, and tho old wo
man thought it wa« a long time since she
■bail heard such a cheering salutation.
Happiness 1" said she, in a voice that
quivered witlt weakness and infirmity.
“Happiness 1 1 linvo not known it since I
Was a' little girl, without care or sorrow
O, I remember those delightful duys, when.
I thought of nothiughut tho present moment,
nor cured fur tho future or past. ■ When 1
laughed, and played, and sung, from morn
ing till night, and envied no'one, nor Wished
to be nny other than, I was. But those Imp-
pv tiines sre mui *- O t ir t
could (inly once'mure return to uui days of
my childhood i” ;
Thu old woman sunk hark on Iter scat,
and the tears-tlowed from hur ItoUow eyes.
. Memory again roproached her compan
ion, hut he only nskeil her if the recollected,
the little girl they lmd.inot a long time ago,
who was so miserable because slio-was so
young 1 Memory knew it-well enough, and
iuid not another word. • ■
Tlioy now approached' their liumo, and
Memory was on tiptno witli the. thought' of
Once more enjoying’tlio unequalled beauties
of those scenes from which she hod been so
long separated. But, somehow or other, it
seemed tlioy- were sadly changed. 'Neither
tlie grass was so green, the flowers so sweet
and lively, nor did rho brooks murmur, tlio'
echoes answer, or tlie birds sing half So on-
.ctmntlngly, ns slip remembered them in
tiuieloiigpast. -
t “’Al-ts!” sjKe exclaimed, “how changed'is
ovbry thing! I alono am the same.”
“Every.Dung is tlie same, and thou alone
tu-t changed," answered Hope. Thou hast
deceived thyself In tho past just as much- as
I decoivo'others In the future."
“ Wliat is it you' are disputing ahoutt”
asked an old mad, whom tlioy had not oh-
gorved before, though ho was standing closo
by them. ' “I have lived almost fourscoro
and ton years, and niy experience may per
haps onuhlome to decide-between you.”
' They told him tho occasion of their disa
greement, uud related tlio history of their
journey round' tho purth. • Tlie oiil limit
smiled, and for a tbw mnnieiits sat buried in
thought.- He then said to them!
"1, too, have lived to See nil the hopes of my
youth turn into shadows, clouds, mid dark-
- ness, and vanish Into nothing. I, too, have
survived my fortune, my friends, my chi!
droit-—tlio iiilarlty ol youth, and tlio blessing
of health.”
• “And dost lltoti not do'spairl” said Mentor
*y*' l' v . ■,'
“No, I have still ono hope lofl'me.”
“And wliiit is that!" •
“The hope of Heaven!” ' -
Memory turned towards hope, thrdw'h'cr-
self into bis .arms, wlneh opened to receive
' her, and burst info tears, exclaiming— '
“Forgive met I have done thee injustice—
Let us ueVer again separate from each oth-
' or."
“With all my heart,” sufd Hope, and they
continued forever alter to travel together,
hand and hand through the world.
HOW TO SAVE ONE’S BACON.
Curly one linn-morning, as Terence O'Flen-
iy. wax himl at work jo ills poluioe garden, he
was accosted by Ids gossip, Mkk Casey, who
be percciVeil had his Sunday 'clothe* dn.
‘ Ood’s 'hud! Terry, nmn. what wmi' *
he alter doing there wid them praties,' ai
liin OLnughlun’* berrin’ guiu to lukt; place 1
Ci’foo along, ma bocltel! sure the praties will
wajt.’V- ' . .;
• Och! no, sis Turrv! 1 must digfofe ridge
for the chiUlrenVbrcuktiist, un'thin I’m go
to- ' • eiHifesstdn to Fulher.O'llIggtn*, who
ho'uW-VR stashin heyoitt there nthisowntiouse.’
• Bother take tho .stuahin !’ sis Mick, k sure
tiiui 'u.d wait, too,’ But Terence was not.to
• be ptuMinded.
■Away went Mick to the berrin’; anil Ter-
anct, hiivlng finished ‘wid the praties,' as ho
-. ioid, went over to Futher O'Higgins, where
he was shewn into foe klft-hen, to wait his
/ turn tor eoulcssion. He hud Ida been .long
atavding there before .the kitchen tin-, when
his attention was attracted bv a Jdfce piece'of
b.rtpott, Jvhmh hung in die chimney corner.—
- Terry incited at it lignin and again, mid wish'
edi diM.idiildnr- 1 - had it homo wid the.priilics.
• Mnttlier olive.!’ says Ip*. * will 1 take it I
Sure the pri«!*t cun spurn it, an’ it wrin’d bo'a
taps titrate hi Judy im l tlie gorsoous'at home,
to say nothing iv me«fltV.wlm hasn’t tasted the
likes this ■nutiy'e the dny.' Terry-lucked at
if again,’ and theu tinned away, shying—*1
wou’t take it,’ repented he, ‘an’ its 'untilin’ but.
the Oukl Boy himself dial’s ihuptlu' me!—
But sure it’s mi harm to feel it, nny Way,’
•aid tiikiug.it into Ids band, and looking
earnestly at it. ‘Jflcli! its 'a beamy; mid
' wlty wouldn’t I-entry it home to Judy mid
the ehjlderj au’ sura it won’t bo u sin utter 1
confe's* it,!’.- .' . *
W oil. into liis great coat .pocket ho thrust
ituud laid scureely duue so, When die muid
came iu aud tuld him Unit it wag his tunt liir
. ooufcKsion. - '..-, -1
‘ Mori tier niive! I’tn kiPt’nh* ruin'd, horse
(in - foot, now, ioy, Terry; wlmt’ll I dn in this
quan’dary at all tu all 1 By gaunjee I must
try un' make the be.M of it,any how,’ sis lie
to himself, and in he went..
•Why, then, your PI rrilire, I win! *■'•
day to a. ghiilcniun's lioo-.*, upon a little liil
of business, an* he Ih-ui' engaged, l wnsshcwr'
cd into the Vuchen in wait. Well, cur, lluae
t saw m heniilifui t.it iv tnicnii. hungm’ in the
eliinildy corner. 1 looked it id, v*.or Iticr
iacc, an’ my,teeth begin hi w-UtuT. f don’t
know bow id was, snr, tail I suppose dll' llivil
li.npled mi-, for I put it into my pocket! .hut,
if von pla/.r, sur. I'll gin.* ii n* you,’ end lie
pul his hand ihi» his poekrt.
• Hive, it lo‘me!’ ,said Fid her O’lligg'ms
no, certainly not; give it buck" to the owner
of it.'
Why tlit n. your Kiverince^sur, I offered
id lo him, and lie wouldn't lake id.* .
• Oh ! he wouldn't, woflldn’t he!’ .said the
priest ! ‘thcn.takc il home mid tulityourself,
with your family.’
* Thank yo.nr Kiverence kindly!' snys Te
reiiec, 1 an’ I’ll do djut same immediately,
pinto- God'; hut first au’ foremost, I’ll , have
the absolution, if you pluze, sur.’
Tereiicon-eeivcd absolution, mid went home,
rejoicing that lie hull been nble to snvo his
soul and liis bucon at tlie sHme lime.
lines of Now Vtui.'New-Lriwy. Pcnnsylyii- and in'(}o|ieU.lenc« of dm ti.Ue.1 «tR«f—do
ilia. New Castle, Kmit anj Snsscic, Hi l)bln : ontiltlic Oth of July, 1778, ili.it they were rat-
watt* Mar yluiJil, Vkf^ttn Ind Norrh CaroH- ifie'f! by a BiibHcfniorit Con?rcj»»—uor Kntii the
tia, mid oxiMiiucti in unlit the lW<b of 30iti ol iaiiiiHry, 1/31, *«ey w«re ratiheu
'Kitiher, wlieit.it dissolved. Siler recdmmea- liy ull-tlM Mimes so as.to render them biuduig
ling delegates to meet up'lir un tlie ltllti of oil tllhtr,
•' - »*-- • Oitrinjr its sitting, this
I’OMTICALt
CONDV BAOUET’S SPEECH,
UPtm TUF. HOVKHKlliNTr or.TIIK STATES!
Ileliveri'd before tlioBtato Rights AMtMWUDOf 1‘enn'
sylvnnin, cm tlio Hill Marc h. 1834.
FEt.Low-Crrir.KXs:
We are uHseinldecI in comirtimonltion of.tiic
dny n|«m' wliieli, tlireo and tliirty years ago.
tlie inenioruhlu revolntiort pluecst in the Exe
cutive chair, tlio great Hpnsde of American
liberty, Thomas Jcillcrsua. 1 use the word
•• Uevcdiiiion," not in a figurative scimfe of
that term, but ns die true exjirccscHin to sign't-
tho following May. _ _ . ...
Coirgressnrnongst other Ibinit., r.'sOlvcil. “ihnt
the Congretw approve die op|nsiiion ctf ijie in
habitants of Massachusetts Bifj!,'to the oh-
tuixiims nets of Parliament; audit’dm shine
shall be attempted to h« i-urtied mlo execnlion
tiy force, iii such cases all AthCrlca ought ui
support litem in their oppeiition',” 'Jt also a-
dnpted an address to the piwp'le'or.Oreat Bri
tain u[kcii the solij ct of ihe grievances.cd' llie
colonics, arid n'petition to dip King, anil re
solved, that letters he, addressed,to die people
of Quebec, and in 'the enlonjes cif Bt, Joiiii's,
Nova Scotia, Georgia,' ap'd'East and. West
Florida, .inviting diem, to unite in resistance
10 ihc-lyranny of Grcnt Britain;
On the lOtfi of May. 1775, die second Con
gross dasetPbled nt.-.lie State House in Phila
delphia. On the I-t r.f August, it ndjourned
until the 5th of Sejtember. from which day-,
it.rcmnined ill permanent session until after
tho Consummation (if die net which dissolved
the cohnoxirtn with tile mother aodhtry*. '
It is foreign-to the deject of diis addrcAS, to
detail the incidents of this eventful jieriod.—
Suffice it to nay,'that‘-in die Jpth Of Juno,
George Washington win cmiunissioued the
" General and Ccmmiiimlpr in Chief of the
Army of the United Cslonies”—that on the
same day. Congress resolved; .“dial they
woulil’muintuiii, assist, noij .adhere <n George
Washington,' with their iivps dud forinnes-m
die same causa”—that-,on jlid 13lbof,BeiP
• • s* '*~ rv -' :V¥ 'fitik:<ih'e»#
lie knelt'to the priest, told bis sins, and was
atiout lu receive alcst.lotion, wheu-ttlf ill once
hi: sec oici] (o riaccllcei liimM'ir, mid cried out—
• Och stop—stop, Fnilit-r O.’Higgius, dear.'
tor gccoctluiM ssk.-, stop! 1 have one grout big
sm co tell yh ; only Mr> (- m rrighit-n'ccl to tell
pc, cu Urn reganl nf ueyer liUvuig cioiie the
tikm-Afore, mu, tuser!’
tr. ora,', saici t uciior OTligsius- * y..» ......t
(ell it to me.' ** 1
I'y dull railical.ehatige In tlie dirciiy oftht*. gn-
sfe'iwuyiit ttt'.iWeu itminmined, wbicli was ac:-'
coinplislied liy that event, and .which restor
ed die federative character of tjjnr Union, and
‘Hived tlie people iWiiu tlie, despotism of a grand
conscjlidalcd empire. •
It is not die ptilr|iose of iiim who now nd
drcssos'you, to pnniqnnpe an eulogilitii njsio
the sage whoso mortal - remains' now repose
Oft tbo.rrtirctl aud peac eful summit of Monii-
cc'llo. A moru U|ipro|iriuie ocensiun for suell
ilu oflcriiig. will be preseiiled at the approach
ing anniversary of Ills birth, when to more
tilde bunds-will no doubt bo confided tile
task of recalling to memory tlie deeds of the
man, whom tlie people oucp dclij’jttcd'tp ho
nor t not, however, it is linjied, in tile spirit
of man -Worship, or of debasing adulation,
but, iu tlmt spirit of veneration for the great
principles of freedom, which' were so eminent
ly personified in dull, patriotic .Rtntesmuti.—
% present design, und that for which 1 have
been especially invited by die Stale Bights
Association, is simply' to lay before you, in
Itmgnnge tulnjnt-d to the comprehension .of all,
a history of die forintitiiiu of our government;
and some fletnii of Unmet political filets, iipnii
which the greut doctriiie jif jStule sovereignty
is founded.- '! .v.\;
In-a re|iiibUentigovetni,iicnt where the high
est ofilers.utid honors are idike accessible to
the'iiisir aud to die rich—where there is no li :
tic d nristoerncjy Invested wiifi privilegcs-deid-
cd in die mass of Die people—ntul whoro edu-
cadoo.is within the reach almost of all—it he-'
hove* every man to have on keeptuintanee
with the nature "ofthe. government under
which he'lives, and in the administering: of
whitih he may eomu day be culled to take a part.
Without such nci|Uuinti(nco, how is it possible
for otic to enter ujHin an utfico with ,dt.e hopes
of rendering the coimtry ri service, which, let
'me remark by the way, is die only legitimate
motive wiili which otfico sliiiuld lie sought t—
Ignorant of the first principles of the.scioncf
of government, ami even of the character of
the one wiitph lie iiepks tp serve, lie must en
ter .upon .Ids dudes' with iib little capacity to
perform them, as .would a landsman jiessees,
who had never seen a- compass, tcVii'uvIgatu a
ship across the ocu’un. I do not mean.to say
that every mini is bound to lio n stulosmun, nr
to be deeply, skilled in jhilidcnl learhing, but
simply that mi one should be ignorant of tbo.ie
elementary Si funduiiieutul principles, which,
IVoui the orgaulziltion of our governiuent to
,the present duy, have cottstituted flic- test of
patties-, or, of thos'd. hlstutieul truths, an ae-
(piainlance with Which (s* cssci(dal to it right
undersiamliug.pf die sidijee't. :
Yon uil well know, fellow-citizens, that die
great point tijwm.whieh tlie federal aud deiilo-
erntic pntties were originally, divided, was life
character of the federal government, '(jhe
federal pony tpaintaineil iliiit ii wn- a goverit-,
mem formed by-the whole-people of the thir
teen United States, as' one aggregate mass, in
the mi uic.thniinerriiutriiegnycriitncM of Penn
sylvania was formed by the people'of Peun-
sylvanin, as one aggreguie muss. The Deum-’
crude party niuimuiaed that -the government
was formed,' not ■ by tbe whole people of the'
United States ns Ane aggregate muss, but by
die people of the thirteen Suites, in their kn-.
parole caput'lilesof tliirteeh.free, sovereign and
iudepemlietit communities. Upon this ilistiiii:,
don, depends the .whole ipiestinu. • If the led-
efal doctrine lie true, then die goverimieht 'iii
tlie Utiiied Stales is a piinsnfiduted empire, to-’
vvartls which, the several Stutcs sinnd lit dig
same retution,- that the counties of PennsyW
vanln stand io tlio Stnto.. '■Butif, ou llii-other
bund,-the democratic doctrine' be-true, then
the government is it federal government,.limn
ed hy a confederation of repuhjics, each pos
sessing rights which luiye tievor been delega
ted to the federal head. These twodienrfes hf
government involve the .most impnrtum coti-
seipienres as respects.die liberty of tlie people,
and ditf itnbm of Ihe'States,<aud 'ti's there, enu
lio an better rnoilb of aseertuining wbicli of
dm two is the. trite theory, than ; by rcftyriiig
tiihistorvj' 1 sliall beg your,earnest aUeiiiiou
to the foUowing rtciuil: . >.
Under die old Colonial Govcrntricril of
QreHt.Britniu. CNeb of -lier colonies-on tln*-A-
merican continent. Was wholly independent
•if tlio rest. Each had its own Governor, its
own Legislature, its own Judicial tribunals,
and its nwii code of laws, nnil each wa* sub-
ject lo mi other jurisdiction or unilmrily; diuii
tiiat of the mother .country. Each stuoil jo
tlie crown of- Gteat Britain, iu precisely 'the
same relation as tlioprovinces of Caiiiulumiit
New Brunswick tinw stand,-and encli, lind it
pnskesiicd tbe physical ern tigth"necessary to
-nstoin it in the act,might if it-lin'd tdiosen,
lia\ 0 doclnreil ita iudivimtal mpanUtuh from
the mother oountry, and token-its-rqnk a-
mongst the jaiwcrs of dip ear'll), us a lice,
sovereign-anil independent nation.
Ties.limited population and resources, luiw-
if the colour
bo free—-tlmt on the lJJtli of Deel'inher, a ila-
vnl itrinament of thirteen ships, was resolved
on—that on* the 27ih February, 177d, tile CU-
loiiies were Itiiil oCTinm militarylle|inrtments,
that on the 2!H. of March,Tcucrft of 'marqne
anil reprisal were iniiboriscd—ntd lhat bn .the
10th of May, it was required', to “ recoinin.eud
to the respeclive-asscmblios. ainlconyorilions
of the United Colonies, where niigovernfrieht.
sufficient to tlie cxigenco of rtroirp(Ftiira,' Jint 1
henn c.itablisfied, to adopt'micii k jjiyehiment
.as should in the opinion of ttiarcwesentalives
of the pc.oplo best conduce to tie liappinc.ss
and snfety of dieir constil iibuts >i. imtucular,
and of A’merie(i in gpaerhi,” V ■ ‘ .
All these mmisiireii lct if bo ftmcmliered
were adopted prinr to.the Heclarailiin of Inde
pcndniicc; rind whilst tho colonits were still
united to the -British empire, but ss tfieV 'pro
duced no cliungo, in the : |Kiliey.o(. the King,
nbdiiqg was left to dm colouiats, lilt’to laktf
the final stejj tif separpiiCih. <
On'.the i(Hh of-Ju ne aeammittfe p'as ap-
pointed-to premtro a declnradpn'lbT
■ing eflent— ,r That tilt) jUiiiipti n C , {tft'>**f
nnd of rigltt'oiight' iti be,'free tjniHiiijeiienden.t
States,- thqt they aro apsolvg.dliiun.all alle
giance to thip British crowni* and. drat all po-
littcal ctintie.xion between .t/iei^,pud the. State
of Grent-Britoin .Ui and ought, -.to.be, totally
disHolved-” " -Tips noble .determination was
prmnpdy sustained, h^ P^ousylyanbu . On
ever, of each of die colonies, dist|tmlified it-for
separate action : ami when the fierbsl arrived
at which the .oppression of the parent state
wuld no longer be born by the children, a
sense of comthoit danger naturally induced
diem to unite iu tlie common elTorl to throvi-
ofl tlie yoke. - The first Congress wliieli as-
sepihlrtl tp take iiito eointidermion ifie iieftial
situutiou or tlie colonies in riTc-rem-e to tln ii-
tliderenees \vidt Great Britain, met nt the
CnriienierV Hall, ill the eitv of Pluladeiphin,
or the fltB.of September, 1774, not ipiite six
tv years ago. This body consisted of Dele
gates, fmm Ni-w-Honip-dure,' ..Ma^acbosi-us
titty, KIhkIc Island, and Providence Phmiu
.ions, Connecticut; trom tlie city aud. comity
of Now-York, aud alhai counties iu the Pro-'
tlie 25th nf June. u.declaration Ol! ihe deputies
of (hat- Stale,- met' in. pmvjntital .conference;
expressing their willingness.tp concur.in a vole
deelnrlng tho. United, Colonies free ppd m.de-
pendent.Stains, was mid befohr.Cpngrojis and
rcadt mid on "tIiP 528i.li of June, tlie .committee,
through its Chnirmim, Ttiomae;JeRersoh, re
ported' a draft, which was subwiniientiy dis
cussed and finally adopted anil signed oil the
4tli of July, in xfio form, of the'diicnment so
welj known to us all, us. the. Declaration of
Independence. - \ - '■ : «s,-.i .
In that jglorioiis instrument, the truijt . wo*,
distidctly prnclnipied.tutlie-wofUl; Uiat thdbdt-
ofsepnrntion from GretU‘Hj'itaiii; 1 \ya i t u jdiiit
and teveral net—that the thirteen bAkinics,-al
though they hap united for the purpose of-act-'
itig tngotherin resistance to GriniBritain, had
niit ngVefed tobeeome one consolidated .State,
but imd resolved jd eoiivnienco Uiulr imlepen-
dnnt exist'once as thirteen' distinct Sm-es, with
.nil tho powers.and -attributes of.individual
sovereignty. ;Tije.'deciaratiop was in these
nieinoraliUi wpnls—.“wb, tjierefore,’ tlie Re|i-
ropfesepVntives of tlie UnitedStnt'eSof Ameri
ca, in General Gougres* assembled, a(ipcaling
to the Sppreine Jililge of theworld; for- the
•rer-titude*of- our inlemioiisl -dji, ip die name,
ami bv tho nnthnrity tif llie grtod peyple of
tlmse'eetantV.s, soleinulv poVUsh-6nd declare
lli o these l'niii'ii Cnlon|e*ajre ( fiiidb£ti{(htoat
fp befJVee nnd imlopendiml Staies—diatthev
are. nlii'tilvedajriiji all ijllpiiiatic&Jn tfieiBritish
Own, and. tlint nlfptilitjcqr cottnwdon "be*
twecu tht ni and ihe State-nfiGrept'Britain isj
and might to be', iojally, t!—1 ’— J
ftoe and’ indopeiiHem Statri, f ... „
I rawer to levy, war, .copt-lqde ’jitgice, pputraci
uUiape.es, eaiahlish ',ftqnmt>tea,;Uii^ hi win
alt mher. things whiclr Ipdependcpt Stutcs
^II\y’pfTjjgl)\llp,!’* .. .. (,*:. >j''' -■ :
.-Aud Iteto-I wifi take ptioasibn tp?remark,
thatthe term/'Slitto” issuseepiib|e of several
ftifletPm ihterpfetfttitiHS, aceontihe- idlhesetise
irt.which it is applied. It sometimes .means
the territory ooinprisOd.wUhln cinxain geogras
pliical bmindnriea, an whbu it is said, we re,-.
side in the, State rift Pennsylvnuini It some
times ntcmin the ,Government of a Sipte, its
ifit were said, die Stnttv of PennSyfvhnia has
appointed -cothmiksioneis to treat'with New
Jersey, relative lo the pnyigaiiun of tlie Dolii-
wnre. Bin, iu its. most onlinnty sense, it
metins tr ;tco;ile who are btnirtd iogVilmr by n
sneinl’ cpmpaM,' which cbrtstitiHes diem one
nation. Stittcj Ih ’this senkb, is biit 'another'
ngme for n'lition, mill wlien tilts term was em
ployed ill the Decln'rnlioq of ludepemlcnee in
reference to “die State orGreat'. Britain,” it
emild only have meant the riniioit'of Great,
Britain. A’od so when Slntes'wcre.niscd in
niforetieSb'to'tlio eotmili-s,- i) umldKiily have
menm-tAe .people o/ each eoiopy, now-become
nn indepeudem nation.;
. Hut tu resume tliia. siibject, Tlie, colonies,
. By these articles of confederation, the terms
of (he Union between the whole thirteen
States were first reduced to a systematic writ
ten. comjiae,tj and itisto that instrument we
are to ltxik for our exposition of the relation to
wards each other, which- was at that'time held
lo exist, yip sliiitl not long be obliged to
search before we. discover that tho confedera
tion, referred toi was one between parries,
each one of which considered itself a distinct
and separate State, or nation, and not a com
pact between individual members of a single
nation.' Tlie first three articles of thU instru
ment which it entitled, ■'Ariicles of Confcder-
adon anil Perpetual Union,” runs dms:
11 Article 1. Tlie style of this Confedera
cy shall be the’United States of America.
“Article 2. Each Strife retains it* Saier-
cigntyi Freedom iihd Independence, and every
-power,, jurisdiction and right , which is not by
this confederation expressly delegated to tire
United States"in Congress assembled.
“Article s. The said State*hereby seVeral-
ly. enter- inter n firm league of friendship with
each oilier for their common defonce, security
of their..liberties und their mutual and jgeiieral
welfare, liindiug.lhemselves to assist' each'oth
er against all force oliered to, or attacks made,
n|ion thktri, many of them, on account of reli
gion, sovereignty, trade, or any .pretence what
ever.” ;> ' . •’ \ - -
' Up to this period, jt - cauitot he nreiended,
tlint the States -had parted wilh their sover
eignty, freedom, or independence,, anil if that
posUiou.be still alleged', we pmst seek for that
n'Ct of self immolalioii, at some subsequent pe
riod Of oar history, ; '.
■ Under thtf fortqofgovemment just described:
the war of the TeVoWfitin ' wils Bucccssfuliy
conducted, 1 ‘ami .broUght'td’a' happy elosehy
tlie nckoowledgdtncnl of ouf-iiidepcndence by
the Government of Great Britain. As-it has
just been shewn that’the parties which made
war upft'n tile-mother country were thirteen
.sovereign, -free and independent States,: at
least, in their.own estimation, it will ho worth
while-to ascertain what opinion the jpotlibr
cVnintry onteitaiaed on the sniijeot, in order
that we may know whether she thought- she
hod been fighting tAfrtaen difTerent. Sovereign
States or only toe. Of’ihls opimtih; we have
evidence' before our eyes, in tho first article]Of
the provisional ngreemonoffiOth of Noveinlier
1784, in the following*’ clear .land explicit
terms, ,*'* • V ].
" “His fi.rirtnnic Majesty acknowledges the
said'United Stales,' yiz: . Now Hampshire,
Massaehusetts.Hiiy, Rhode Island; aod Provi
dence Pla'nta'tions, Connecticut, New York,
New-Jersey. Pennsyiyhuia, Delaware, Maty-
land, Vlrgiitfrt,' North Carolina, South Cnro-'
Una, and Georgia, to bp free, sovereign arid in
dependent States, that no treats with t&ent a
sneh, hud for bimself, his heirs and successors,
relinnuiijhes all claims to the Government,
'proprietory and territorial rights of the same
and every part thereof.” '
Having thus given the history of.the organ
ization of the government, under - thp - articles
of confederation, it- will now.be in order to
giye a detail of rite oceurreucoa, Whiclf led
the .convocation of the federal convention.'
. '• TO BE CONTINUED.
remedy, «4iVVi Ad etinuna^ arft die business
of the romitry now (lomitnd. These two
things will all’otd relief, at otlco efficient and
proiiffit. ...
2. Tlie second great object is, to propose
die measure in tlmt forin wliich shall ha irio,,i
likely to unite ditlerciit opinions. WtththL-
view file measure should go to foe extremo of
couciliaiiou. It sltould be suclifia the country
will say.'men of diliercnt opinions onght to
agree to, without hesitation. It should yield
every thing, wliich can bo yielded, wiili safe-
tv to the main objet-t. Aud fibre, two modes
Imyilig, by. this net,. jointly and'several!v'
llirown.off the yoke of theTm.ghcr country,
they preparedUVehcom’ithr flic jierits trt whicli
that bold and dctcniiincd. hteasiire had. ex
posed them.--In the war Which folloivcii,
tliey noted iti their tfew egfwclty 'of'free "anil
iiiilepehdoot Statek. EWnoue cstublUhcd ft*'
own cntji%»S«!i ^OCh fop. Ieviml war, and
Inuintningil itaowi) army, out of it* owii pri
vate Tcsdurecs, besides cmilriiiiuiog tmvanls
tlie support of die cntifoirntal army, Ils lair
prononkint tind each qjtb j«<ifoiTiird'“ till oth-
er.tliihgs which independent Bniies may 'of
right tlo," except those things which were spe
cifically entrusted to Congress by. file States
which'had united. So far firpm jlicre liavips
been nny ground for the allegation wliich has
been made by some, that lhe.sepurmiim of the
States front Great Britain, took pluce as the
net of a single nation, throfl w-af not, for near
five venrs after tlie revolution began, even so
liiueh as uu instrument of ciififtdeiuiiiin' fie-,
tween them. Although the subje,:t'wus'pni-'
(mimhI betVwo ihe BsuimalloaWIkitfr - *"*
MR. WEBSTER’S SPEECH.
In,the Senate, on the 10th inst. after Mr.
Silsbee had presented the Resolutions of
die State- of Massachusetts, Mr. Webster
said:
It is now several, weeks, sir,, since I pledged
myself here to propose the renewal of the
charter of the Bank nf tho.Ijnited States, with
more orjess modification, and tor. a longer --
shorter period, if mi ol her mnasurepromising
allbrd relief should be brought forward. It is
now nearly three months since-the existence of
a general und very uncommon'pressure ih tlie
country w’aif alleged ( and fiiough the truth of
tllis statement wns then denied of donbted,
yet for fire liist mon.fii, the evidence hns been
too slrpng-to be longer resisted, and no man
now stands up here to say that ihe-cotratry is
jiiit in an alarming-condition. No man will
dimljiifnat ibiiigs riiust change of themselves,
or bo 'changod-Iiy your legislation. . . .
1 cannot but suppose, Mr. President, that
the Executive Government sees and laments
the distress of the country, but still it has no
thing to' reebmmend to .us. It. lives iu the hope
that ntliiirswiRciiauge for the bolter of them
selves, under the operation of the existing ex
periments, Jt U fnirjmd just, I presume, to.
eotraider the purposes'of tlie Administration
us (hade ttriiiwii by tlie report of tho Commit-
tco Of Ways und Menns. in the' IJjiiiso nf Reii-
resontnlives,' - That -report may ho doubt'.be
received ns on authentic declaration; -that . the
Administration proposes no change in its meas
ures. Its lgriguage is, that the deposites ougl it
not to he. restored, and that tlie Bunk ought
nut to he re-chartered. As the ndinhiistralimi,
therefore; has liothipgto recommend, the time
has come' id redeem my pledge : and I give
uotice, tljar, mi Monilay nexr. by direction and
aufiuirity of thg -Committee on Finance,* I
propose to bring forwahl a measure for the
consideration of fire-Setrate. . -.
I am awaro, sir, fully , aware,^* of the great,
responsibility ussumed by this movement.' T
see all the ditficli)ti5;s -which lid in the way of
success.. But with me, aud ofiicrs of the com-
in.iu.eb, fi>e"scnse of duty does not allow ns fb
sliriuk from dn encounter .with these difficul
ties, formidable and numerous as they certain
ty are. _ .. '
I shall, at present, w,. spy but little of die
nariioular provisions of ihe'lrtattulqd measure;
iiut I will say that, in prpiHjsiug a .mrhanfe Jo
of proceeding presintlhcmsclves.
Tlie one is, to propose a continuance of the
charter of fiieBauk for a short period; a peri
od'no longer llian shall enable it to call mtts
great amount of debt withmit injury and dis
tress to the people; and to continue it,, for
this short period, with no essential alterauon,
except that Congress sltould be.lcft at liberty
to make any other Bank, if it should see fit so
to do, nftcr March, 1838, thus giving Congress
and the conntryan opportunity to re-consider
deliberately .tlie whole subject ofthe curreney,
and tlie general propriety of a Bank, and to
establish a new Bank; should it so think best,
with whntever changes 'nud nl«)dificati6ns its
wisdom may -dictate; and to bring the new
Bank, should 6ne.be created, into existence,
while the present Bank shall be gradually re
tiring ; thus avoiding the shock which’ would
always attend’die sudden change of one, insti
tution for "orioth’or, the fear of -wliich shock
may-lie supposed to give an undue preference
to the existing institution.' -This -wilj .leave
tlio question between tlie old .and a new Bank,
ojien upon fair linl^qiml terms.'. If such a
measure as Is here sbggested, should tin pro
posed, il will present .On. intelligible and sitn-
jile.qnestioh to Congress, and, to rhe country
“Shall the charter of fog present Bank becon-
tinued, for ii short time, limit Congress ca’n
maturely consider and dfeide on.some more
lernjanent measure^ nnd leaving Ihein at full
iberiy to do so; or shail the'present state of
tTijrigs continue^"'- ", .
• The other mode is,lo inttofiuep th'e tpeatjurd
in a morb permaherit/orjn f to .propose a re-.
pbarter for fifteen or rwenty years, with or
witlniht an .augmentation of capital, and with
such modifications mother jespccts.as it may
’be hopt-ri Will be satisfactory tothe cpmtnuni-
ty, looking to the great' objects for wliich the'
Bnnk U’tojexist,,viz: the distribution of file
revetiue, and fob regulation of the cutrericy.
The selection must-necessarily: lie between
theseinodes of proceeding. There is no otii-
er nharnative, as it appears Wirier
Thcj-t: is bno other provision, which'may
wisely be incorporated into the measure, who-,
ther its form he foe temporary ore-foe more
permkuent one. It will be recollected. that,
in fire bill whictr passed both Houses, in 1832.
for conjimj ing lhe Btmk -dmrirr, a. section was
introduced which anfoorized Congress to re
strain foe Bank, after 1836, from issuing notes
for a less denomination than twenty ’dollars.
This was intended ns tho commencement of
measures for extending, in a considerable de
gree, the specie circnlation of the country, by
withdrawing small notes'. -The general idea
then expressed, being, that if the State Bonks
would withdraw Oil notes less than 5 dollars,
foe Bank nf the U. States ought.to withdraw
all less than twenty!, thus giving to.our cir
culation a broad ground-work of specie in the
'first place; then an exclusive space between
five dollars and twenty, for the notes of local
jiauksv and, lastly, a commrin'field for State
Banks and foe Bank of tlje Umtod States, ~
to notes-nnd bills of uil .dcnomiuations'of
above twenty dollars. - This object I think of
great importance, aud one which onght to be
kept in view in all our‘legislation.
• Vyhen we consider foe present state nf opi
nion within the walls.of Congress, and with
foe Chief Executive Magistrate; it is evident,
■that, whatever measure -be -proposed, it must
be submitted to (he people m a more direct
and emphatic manner, thou:is usual in ordin
ary cases. The intelligence of foe country,
atid foe distress of foe; country, will, without
doubt, sufficiently attract file attention of the
people, to auy measure which may bo pro
posed ; and their will must decide its fate.
I wish now, sir, in conclusion, to say two
tilings.
• First. : to avoid raising hopes which may he
disappointed, I wish to say tlmt every well iu-
forinod man in Cougress and in the country is
just us.good a judge as I- tun ofthe probabl
success pr defeat ofthe measure. I have t
private information respecting then's opinio:
or purposes, still less any private understand-
-ing with any of those public moil who have
hitherto supported the removal ofthe depos
ites.' Aiid, secondly Sir, T wish to" say, that,
wlrfle the, present state of embarrassment and
distress, shall : continue, an adjournment of
Congress is a thing pot to bo thought oft Our
constituents will not'welcome'us: they ought
mit to Welcome us U Oiir'tiwn homes," iFvie
should leave our 'seats here without having
relieved the'country. We have the power ti
relieve them; nobody.else can relievo diem ,
and. itis our business,-I tliiiilr,,to remain whore
we are, till we fuilil'the juSt cxjiectatioa bffoe
co'uhtry, " r "
tfthe taint, is snffieient to ejeef. Aitft office —
Such is the tenor, npon which office is now
beld, and so wL-11 aware tire office-seekers of
iIri fact, that if a Fost Master but-looks awry,
hu is imraedUtely doomed, a letter is forthwith
sent to Washington, denouncing him as sus
pected, and tlie allegiance of tbe writer is re- ,
warded with the office. It is from this class
his coiudtueuts that Mr. Wayne, peihops,
has received his iofonhiltion. Butwereeom-
merfd him to apply to other sources; let hiur'
consuU lhe opinions ofthe people as.expressoi t—
in their primary tiie’eiiuga—our town meet
ings, our Bssociatious, and our muster gather-
ings, atid he.will obtain more authentic infor
mation of wliat arc tlie sentiments of foi}.State
Messrs. Forsyth and Wayne niay make
these declarations, for the purpose (if, humor-
ingthe “Old Roman,’ nnil encouraging bin*.-
in liis experiment, but, with all their tact and.
management; foevwilllioi bo able to convince
the nation of their correctness.'
Unless we are chained, neck and heels u»-
'the triumphat ear of the Hrnvuntcss ourRepre-
seiitativas have sold dsin id-rpetual fealty to
their.master, the people can never approve of
foe acrt.of the -adtnioistration. Such an adr .
hesiotr even to one whom his partisans liftvo-
blasphemously termed “sainted" would imply -
•an abandonment of faith, a dereliction of prinx
eiple, and a debasement of manhood, that wo
—S.r utmU u <tr>Liw*tiflfxilriiin/ -muid ,bc- 'hu—
would bhtsh in Acknowledging could,be im4
puted.tb-any party, of jespeetabln porlum ot
any;party, in the State* ' v ‘- “
Inihe Senate, on the.Wth, the Vice Prest- T‘
dept, presented a memorial, with names ia '
irint, cut out from ti iiewspuper, puriwaliog to
lave come fro'iW u meeting of 3 or'dtKFhhizt 'as
of York couhty, l’a. opposed to the United'
States' Bank, aod in favor of Gen Jackson and
his measures- Mr. Webster presented a coun
ter-' memorial from a considerable number of
respectable gentlemen of York county, who ’
were- at tho meeting, stating that the memo'ri- -
til Was to a great exteut untrue, as to inauere
if fact, and (hut it was rejected at the meet- -e
■ bg,'hy a vote of at least three to one. '"A -'
discussion ensued; ih which Messrs. Webster*
Preston, Wilkins, Olay, Calhoun,' Kane;
: atigh, Forsyth, King of Ala., Wright, Ewing, ••
’oindexter, Mungo m, McKean, Brown, Black,
Bibb,-and Van Buren took pait. - A motion-
by Mr. Clay, not to receive foe memorial;-
mainly on the ground that it had been altered..
by the Vice President and the Senators Jruna -'
Pennsylvania, and that it waS indecorous ia :
its language,..was carried by yeas and nays, hr;
a vote of 24 to 20.—U. S. Telegraph.
DOdlESTIC. .
mukt be bad itot only to the staln-of the cur
rency, atid the state of business in the country,
but to tlie state of opiuion dlsp. , .
Two objects, tlierefore. uro to beAcpt in y’ieW
in deciding on the nuture of- tlio pleasure
which is to-be brougltt-fonvanj,
1. Jt must bo prompt and efficient. It
must be such os. will bring, immediate mid ef
fectual relief 'to foe a*m..«miiy_ijbnd I know
yot it was toot until the loth nf’Ncivcmbcr!
1777, tlmt articles of confederation wore -H)vt
executed liv the delegates in .Ci.'njress'niieni-
bletl—with the view, as they*«tMMj». a citeu-
tat letter, sent'with thcanlclas, jfo yavii offi,]
States, of.“securing the fta&fcutt, sovcreigti^.
sows period. We ciiiiuot estdblisH a - new
Bunk, to eonje in existence kefore'1836 -, being
expressly prohibited from so tfo'uig.by the
charter of (lie existing Bouk. ft I* idle, foerc-
fore, tu liuld out to'the country any Jtojies. of
relief front h now Bunk. Yet Iain entirely
willing to. leave open fire question of a new
Bauk, for consideration, and decision hereaf
ter, But, at present, relief from auy such,
ipiurtcr is absolutely improsiblb. Nofoitigre-
majnikfoen,-but either to e.tidura .the present
stoic of things, and make' yp our minds to
stand it through, or to prolong foe existence of
fire present Bank. No poo can doubt,. that, a
till classes, aud bring to the country immedi
ate aud eftucuuil relief. And a new Bank be
ing out of tlie question, no other remedy what
ever is pro/msed or suggested. The restoration
. >f .the deposites, therefore and a continuance
of fire Beak charter, obviously constitute dial
FROM TIIE GEOKaiA MESSENGER.
PUBLIC SENTIMENT.
Jt is neither creditable Jo-the character of
the Sfote, nor-couductivo to hs interest, .finrt
her representative* should bo divided nptlu
the great quostioiis Uiti( are at present nmtat-
ing-the public mind.. But so itis. The in-
lluence of Georgia tn our national councils, is
impaired bv'a divided: delegation; nnd-tlie
pride, which we were wont to feel, when
ever a struggle nftise, for. tire Supremacy of
foe. constitution, of principle apd’of .
the part she always took, must mow give way
to moriifipatifra at fire dereliction of those who
should jref ■
undi'cji:,,
bused nil
lit .fop sentiments of tire State,
•in, fout our.conHdeiite lms been a-
.misappiicd. "'Siran'ge eiltuiaydp-
pear, it has been made a question—Wliat, are
the sentiments of Gehrgta. 4n tho present ex
igencies I Anii-evcn liere, bur delegation arc
at istae. Mr. Wilde pit tlie 5th insr. present-
eti to the Honse of Jlopresoutatives. tlre Au-
gnsta.Meinur.inl, duapnnivihg ofthe removid
ofthe Deposites s nller it was rcad;-Mr. Waynp
wire ostentatipusly declared httaseif the repre-
nestieh measure except tho restoraireribf Ike, jifatAtiye of tlte- wliole people of Georgia,-not
deposites, arid the re-cher(er of the Bank for only array* hiniself ia oppositioli to the seuti-
Mine ll/rirw/. Wo MUtlitltf . OeKililiali a . nan, _* • t •
meats of the memoialists, but expresses his
decided conviction that foe sentiments Ofthe
inhabitants of fire State gfenorally were op
posed to those expressed in-.the- memorial. Mr
Wayne gives his impressions, (in office' par
lance) advisedly, for he tells uil-that life in-
fortnaduu is derived from the letters of iudivid-
nals; and.this iptbrihation appears to be more
authentic in'the estimation ofthe-honorabie
Gentleman, than that, derived from a public
ineetiitg of n targe and respectable btgly.of
citizens. 'Why it fe.tao ludicnras to’ bo spok
en, much ie*» wriMen, seriatim, tiiat Mr.
Wayne would beguiled iu this way. The*
incumbents of office, andthe (hnnsand scekcta
of office; who are daily inundating life desk
with letteta, are uot tlie most iiifailiablo ora
cles of public opinion. These gentry are,
doubtless,'foe warm friends of Gen. Jackson,
and a* professions cost- them nothing, tliey
are by uo menus niggardly in their protesta
tions. Nullification and anti-Japksonism are
such bcinuus ufiunces, that the mere suspicion
- • raOK'TBE NEW-OBXEANS >EI» iB "It''
TheJbllpjving.Ni-eoant or tho'shipwreck oft
the .packet bng Encomium, bound' from'
Charleston for this port, mint the Bahamas,
and the reception of the crow at Nassau, (New:
Providence,) wliere they sought relief, which-
lias been handed to us for publicution by] th#.j
snirorers’themselves,. who arrived ..here a" fo'w
.day* ago; after many privations nnd distresses,,
shows a series of borburitics and high and un
authorized acts of assumption, which eidim
general attention, and deserve the indignation
at every friend .to - humanity and every Iovei
of justice and bis country’s honor. Cruel and’
inhospitable indeed, most that community be.’
who wpuld. thus transgress- and set at naught,
tile moral obligations which cltrisiianitv and
civilization impose. We shall forbear making
fiuiher p«ninent,'but let the statement speuE
fdr.ilself.-' '.... 7.
OUTRAGE ON AMERICAN CITIZEN*. ]'
. We, the undersigned, late passengers iu-
tue brig-Encomium, Sheffield master, fron*
Charleston,.S. C., bound to New Orleans--
out 56 hours, wreckedTon the 3d February
about midnight, on the northeast part of'Aba."
co, called Fisli Key Reef, deem it jour imper
ative duly .to lay before our -fellow citizens of
tho United States; certain facts.which trans
pired at Nassau, in fire Island of New- Provi
dence, and lenve them to judge Kowunpleas*
Mttjy we were situated. We were thrown
wholly destltue on a-British Province, whore
we were treated with morhoontemptby the pub-,
lie authorities of tlie-Island, than the vilest, of
tire Russian Serfs, The facts are briefly these
After the unfortunate disaster, ’having re-
maineti in an- exhausted state on the wreck
six hours, eight of us - embarked in thp jolly
-boat (which was foe only one attached to the
brig,) just before, tbo dawn of davandresphed
the land which-was five miles distant, about
sun rise; foe lanfl proved to be Efslj Key. Is
land, very barren, and inhabited only,1>y asin-<
gle family offishennen, whoas soon os tliey
learned our misfortune^prooeeded witliout de
lay to the wreok and sueccodod in saving foe
lives of tho passengers and crew, amountitig
in a)l to sixty nine, souls. Immediately, after
the vessel. snuck,*h«^m(o4-ifoa-et»Wtoait* 1
foprop so violently on-the-rock*, font ' wo bx-
litctad every wave would dash her to piece*;
two liotirs.after iho first struck, bhe fouiripbd
over a ledge of rocks into deep wutzr'apd wont
down bow'fWemost, atid only about ten .feet
of.fiie stern remained on a-level with ihe stir-
focoof the water; fortunately fir its All, tho
mainmast was immediately cut awtty and fell
nthwart ship carrying with it foie top-gallant'
anil royal masts. - Tire captain and crew siic-
r.cedetl with/great difficulty in'.sccUring’tbe
raaiuinnst' after it'liuil been cut awky in such,
n manner that the. passertgers - might l.iSh
tliemselve*’(q il tmd (iresefve foclr Jivea a while-
tonger. fir every sout.of usanticipated a wa-
Jery mavo sooner or later. . Biu foe Omniis)-
tent..Ruler of tlie Universe destined ns to' es>-
capothfedire and premature end which await*
ed'Hs. On Fish Ifev, woremiiioed FOUR
DAYS AND.NIGHTS, subZing on 111*,
winch was ilronchtd with salt water, and
vyhut fish »vo’ were able to catch; we were
tiiemaken by wreckers tp Green Tmile Key,
nn,i fr,im.,h—- .„ tj lS 4jtji e sj,ji i) l I ie_slKires of
,. ... „ . ^-—hnnntesafter’thre*.
o clook,. P. M. oil 41th ult. and dropped an-,
eimrin the harbor;- soon.nftcr, we were boarife.'
ed'by a bbat from tlie shore', cnimirandori by
ono riiomas Pimrar, vinhinjj-Jfcalihnlftierr, ia
tire service of hire B ritapnic Majesty, wire caine
for foe pur|iO'e of 'a'scerfnimng whether wa
vyero-ln a hcaltlj.v.tSniditioa. ]Y7e'informed.'
himof onr simafiou mid-desired him to' e#ll]on
file Govefmir attd ulitain a permit for US’to
come on shore, as we were nuteh in watta
of the common nccessaricR.of life , and'were
. , , - „ T - saying'perhaps, w*
might hear from hfut shortly; soon, another
Ih,at visited us, having on board one Alexan
der. Mncyoy his Ainjcsty’s searcher ofthe port
Wire seized, m l he iinme of WUliatii the Fmrtth.
4o negro slaves, tire lawfttl property of Amer-
can citizens,- wliich all oft us stand ready t*
testify to; he theu.took liisdepntttire, nnd Pin-
dtur returned, saying font we would not bo (tor-
outted to land until the uext. morning bete. ee*.
ten amt* eleven o'clock. Woetuloavourcd t>
remonstrate with him, and informed hitit tiiat
ivo bad. been living on-rice wet with salt- wa
ter Cor several days: he laughed heartily at
our misfortunes aud said in a m-ist* instilling
manner, Hint we looked remarkably healthy,
and wet rice was good enough tor us, and it
would not kill us-to live another uighf ti*
-och fissl; lie wosnlsti uiicoininoiilv familiar
wuhthe slave*, &, while h* slighted as, Isogh-.