Newspaper Page Text
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SIXTH VOtUXE.
COIiBMBlIS, (.1: OK CIA, SAXIHBAV MORIUXG, APItlt 19,-1834.
NEW SlilEiliS—Yot. I. Wo. AO.
FUBEIBUED EVERY bATUROAV BY
BkAKKS) FL0EBNAV <k JETER,
Corner of Broad and Crawford Streets.
TEIIMS—Three dollar* per annum, puyablu ill advance, or
f our dollars, (in ull cuJtcR oxactod) Where uuyniout is not
mndc before the expiration of tlio your, tio subscription
received for Jew than twelve'month-, without puyip'iit in
advance, and no paper discontinued, except at tlie opliou
of tho Editors, uutil ull arrearages aro paid.
ADVERTISEMENTS coiispicuoiuly inserted nt seventv-
hve cents per square, for the first insertion,* mid rim
cents for every subsciiuent continuance—twenty-live per
•out added, if not puid in udvaucc, or during tho continu
ance of the advertisement. Those sent without a specifi
cation pi'the number of. insertions, wiil bo published until
ordered out, and charged accordingly.
Leoal Advertisements published nt tho usual rates, and
with strict attention to tun requisitions'of the law.
N. B All Sales regulated by law, must bo made before
tho Court House door, between tho hours of 10 iu the
morning, mid 4 iu tho evening—those of 1.mid iu tho coun
ty whore it is situate } thoso of Personal Property, wliuro
the letters tostiuicuUiry, of administration or of guardian
ship wore obtainod-*-and uro required to be previously ad
vertised in some jm as follows :
Sheriff*' Sales under regular executions,' for thirty days:
• under mortgage fi fas, sixty days, before tiie day Of sale.
Sales -of loiud and Negroes, by Executors, AdminiMrutors
or Guardian*, for sixty days before the day of sale.
Salks of personal property .(except negroes) jortv days.
Citations by Clerks of the Courts of Ordinary, upon npidi-
cuiion for letters of uduiiuistnitioii, must bo published
for THIRTY DAYS. ! >. :■
Citations upon application for disiuistiou, by Executors,-
Administrator* or (iiiardiuna, monthly fpr six months. .
Ordkrs of Courts of Ordinary, (*rccompRtiio*l with n c«q»y i»f
the bond, or. ngroemont) to mako titles to land, must bo
published three months. *
Notices by Executors, Administrators, or Guardians, of ap
plication to tho Court wfOrdioury Tor Icayo to sell tho Laud
or Negroes of .ut estate, four months.
Notices by Executors or Administrators, to tho Debtors and
Creditors of an estate, for six weEks.
try Letters to tho Editors, on busiuess, nnut bo post paid,
to entitle them to attention. .
Major Oowniutf’s magazine.
including his lub, in npcriodicul form,
After completing tho first volume, should sufficient
encouragement l»o afforded, the Major may, no doubt,
Vo induced to continue his interesting description of
public affaire and other matters,
This volume will ho completed in eight parts of thir-
Iv-rix pages each, and will contain elkvk.v originnI
designs .by Johnson, and.furnished ill any part of * ,,n
* United States, postage Treo, for Olio Dollar,
ffy .Seven Copies will ho furnished to un
part of tlic
___ „ to anyone ad*
dress, postage ftce, for five dollars.
Payment in ul| cases to bo mude in advance* and free
of expense to the publishers.
Qj J Editors of nowspunors who publish this notice
and send a copy of the paper which contains it to .us,
addressed “ Colmim’s Literary Gnzette,’’ shall rccoive
a copy gratis. LILLY, WAIT 6c Co/, Boston.
MarchB
Law Notice*
T HE undorsigned has taken the Office formerly
occupied by Col. John Milton—and assures the
public U»at his attention td' lhe Practice of the Luw,
ahull ho exclusive und unremitting. He will attend a
Jbw of the Courts iu tho Cattahoochce Circuit, und in
tho counties of Hussell, Clitunbors, Macon and otherp,
.ia,he State of Al„l 1 a,»a. KoiiER , r jg> CARNEa
Dec. 7 ' 2»-tf
Taiexl Taietili
T HE subs^^.*7 will attend ut ih'o places and
timoB hereinafter specified, for the purpose ofcpl-
.XectinVtlio Taxes dun tho Corporation of Columbus,
viz: at tho. Columbus Hotel on tho 19th, 24th, and
29th, and at E. Feathcrelon’s store on tho £lst, 26th
and ‘30th instant, TUa hours of attendance will bo
.from half past 9 to 12 o’clock, A. M.- anil from bhlf
Bast 9 to 6 o’clock, Pa M,
' H JOHN JOHNSON;
Collector and Treasurer.
■ Columbus April 4 . ’ 9-^3t
fMlHE* Sheriff’s Sales of Marion county, for tho
m ensuing term, will bo published in theColumbuB
JCiIquiror. * ELIAB JONES, Sh’ff.
- April 5 •
Columbus Bunk Stock
fflHE subscriber offers for salo Thirty Shares of
* JL Columbus Bank Stock.
T natiplnuckols.
• yiprii A* ft—
7y OXICJETiio Notes belonging to Adolphus
S.ituihorlbrd, tiro in tlio bauds of tlio under
signed for collection. Thoso interested will do well
.to notice this, as wo have particular and positive in
structions.' CULQUl’i'T 6c i'LUUivNOYi
atructioiis.'
Columbus Dec. 14
29 tf
Ty tyriCfi.—l Khali bo absent from tfiis Slate to Vir-
iNl ginis, four or live wcbks. During my absence, H.
J. Harwell, Esq. will act os my Agent uud Attorney,
Rniin*. n HARItIWAV.
Columbus, April 5
HyOTICE is hereby given to all whom it may con-
JJH cem, that a certnln power of Attorney given by
ino to Abraham Lawrence of Tulbot county, dutcd24ui
lP4J.t«'tfoiiw*oi my business for me, and in
wy liame.is this day by u Huhscquent agreement, aiid
by the mutual consent of both purlieu, cancelled and
revoked—and 1 am now tlio bolder und owner of ull the
notes given fur tho purchase of^h ojic r t t^my^-^Hulc.
April 5 : o-at
caution:: i . - 'Wff
I Hereby forworn all persons from trading for a bond
executed by me to Lewis L. ilund of Gwinnett
county, iu the sunt of one thousund dollars, condition
ed to* oo void upon my executing to suidiland, a title
to lot No. 145,23d district ond 2d secuon, of arigiiiuily
Cherokee county, und perhaps ho yet, us 1 wuh impos
ed on by tho drawer ot tho bond, who wrote it fpr a ti
tle to the whole tract, when Thud sold but one half of'
said lot, which imposition was practised uponuiy want
of ubiiity to road tlie instrument.
JAMES IUCE, Jr.
Campbell county, March 21th, 1834.
Aprils . •
9r—1t
To Sell or Ueiil—.-l/iimpkiii Hotel*
T HIS Tavern,*recently’ occupied by James E.
flutter, is situated in tho basiucss.purt of town,
is a two story building, and contains eight or ton con
venient rooms, together with a.Storc Room, und i»\voll
fitted for doing a profitable business, and is now own-
Nd by the Subscriber. Fdr t nns, apply to Thomas T
Gunmmge, ut Irwiotoii, Ala. or Guatuvus Do La u nay,
at Lumpkin, Stqwart county, Go.
T. T. GAMMAGE.
March 29 8—5t •
■tendOumtct^
I'......,, Ki.l. IH't.t
LaGkangk, 19th .March, 1834.
— w - --
_ .. inted Division Inspector, and
A.B. Ragan, Esq. ot aioeneville, Aid-deCainp of the
Major General—tlie first, with tlie rniuk .of Lieut. Co
lonel; thb lutter. with that of Major,
By order Maj. Gen. S. Ahmstkonu Baii.Y,
JOHN E. MORGAN, Aid-dc.Canipj
March 22 • *' ,.‘7
Head Quarters.
Ninth Division, ?
.. LaGranoe, Marr.h 19th, 183-1.5
T HE General of the Division.onlcrs tho annual
Review and Inspection of the Militia .of tlie
counties hereinafter designated in compliance with or
ders'received from the eoinninudei-iu-Chicf, *ut tho
times-ami places following, vizi
At fim-mn ifto, in tho county/of Meriwether, on Sa-
lurdpv the third day of May next.
At Lagrange,* in Hie county or Troup, on Tuesday*
the sixth day of Mn^ next. •.
At Frankftn, in tlio comity of Heard, on Friday tlio
ninth day of Muy next. .. -T .
At Ncvvnan, in the county 'of Coweta, oft Tuesday
the thirteenth duy of May next.
At Cumpbcllton. iu the county of. Campbell,^-on Fri
day tho sixteenth day of May next. •
At Carroll ton, in the c'ounty of. Carroll, on Tuesday
tho twenticlh day of May next. * ^ k
Tho Regiments comprising the entire Militia of each
comity, will nimble at the places iTbovc dcsiirnatnl
in their respective counties, on tho‘day set npurtf'or
their Revfgw and Inspection, at the hour of 11 o’clock
in the forenoon; and at the same hour mid place, on
tlio day preceding in each county, there will boti.Cou-
vention of all tlio * Ofliecrs, Commissioned, and. Non-
com missioned, for tho purpose 'of instruction and drill
under tho direction, or tlio officers appointed by law
for thatjiurposo. ’•* •* .'** ••
Tho General of Division requires of tho Generals of
Brigade a strict utUntion to tho duo execution of these
orders. Accuracy in tho returns-will bo expected mul
required, and dntirc subordination on tlpr purt of both
olncers and men strictly enforced.
ByorderofMeji Gcti. S. AuMstiiono Daily,
* . JOHN E. MORGAN, Aid-doCamp.
March 22 r • ' • 7 4u
Conimi^ion, KOcclving,
AND FOItWAItDINQ HOUSE—-APALACHICUOLA.
rSTIHE undersigned huve formed a copartnership
JR. under the firm .of Fiilcbwar & Kimbrough, for
the purpose of transacting a General Agency, Com*,
mission and Receiving nnd Forwurding. Business^-
Being prepared to maUc tho usual advances on con
signment to their friends in Novv-Orleans, New-York,
Baltimore, Philadelphia, Provjdencc and Boston, nnd
disposed to devotn tlieir tltoio exclusively, to tlio. inter
terestof those confiding business, to \[iaix. charge; ha
ving made the necessary urmtigehiCnts to forward Cot
ton to New-York or elsewhere with expui'iiioii by \es-
sels of light draft of water at tlio lowest rates of freigh J,
a liberal sliar6 of public patronage is respectfully soh-
citod. ‘A., FLjF^LCONAlIl/^
aIMBROUGH.
Hcfcrciiccs*
Shorter, Takveh 6c cd. Columb
Gen. Howard, V ./ “
Judge Colquit, • “ .
Dks. Hoxky 6c Urquhart, • '*.•
1% Di Woodruff, • • M
James H. Shorter, Esq. New«\
Gen. R. K. Call! ‘ Florid
Hon. Jv VV. White, • “ .
Dr. D. L.. White, Gadsden county, * M *
Apalachicola, August 1.
Warehouse and Commission
. ''BUSINESS. '■
■gTORRIS, EyANB iL Cfi^ tender to the public
iu the ,
jiuil’t a now VVare-|iL ,.
to receive iu bioro, Cotton ahd .all kinds of merchan
dize. They wiU make liberal ndvnnecs upon produce
or merchandise committed to their care, anti will en
deavor so to dtfvoto their time tuid attention to the bu
siness, as shall bo best calculated to promote tlie inter
est of tlieir custombrs.
Columbus, 8ept. 20 17 tf
JDissoliition* *
/•ariHE COP A JriT^i Elite HIP heretofore existing
JL under ilto firm of C. E. & 11. MIMS, wuh dis-
KofvjBd on the 27th ultimo, J»y mutual consent. AH
those indebted to tlie concern will please come forward,
without Anther notice, und liquidate tlieir*accountH,
uud ull'tiiosc to whom tiie concern is indebted will pre
sent their.accounts for payment.
. C. E. MIMS,
February 1,1834 . II. MUMS.
05 s ** The undursigiied will continue tho
busmens oh Ills account at “tlieir bid stand, und will*be
happy tosemj his old customers on us good terms as
can lie had. .C. E. MIMS.
Fchrimry 1 ’ ‘ • 8b—tf
. Itimlulion. •
raiHE COPAUTNEnSHU* Iicrcl.oforo existing
JL. Unilcr tlio firm of AYEK &. SDJITH.ia tliis day,
iliasnlved.ljymutuulconsent. ■ ^ K'aV, *
Columbus, Jun. 11, 1831 J.'bJ.'sMlTH..
QJ” The business will hereafter be coii-
.ducicfi by tlio subscriber, at tlio Old titnnd, next door
■In the (folumbus iJanb. llisistock-of Ucadv uiadq
Ololhiiii! is J!u\v complete, uud bo oilers it for salo, low
■forensb.' • '
Those having demands against tho concern will pro-,
sent thorn fpr payment; and- those indebted, will plouW
call and discharge tlio snm'o. .
Jan. 18 3k~tf *. - * J. S. SMtTlI.
Hr. A. Ill* Walker ,
H IVING locatrd hiniisolf ill tliin plan,', *tend«'iM
his professional services-to tlio citizens of Co-
s.nhd its vicinity.. His office is situated oh Broad
street, a few doors above Geu. Nr Uoward’s.Stoje..
Colntnbus, March 15,1831 C\ eowlf
James U. Horae,
* ATfOUNEV AT LAW,. .
■ffi^TAVING located in Lumpkiii, Stewart county,.
ATiiL tenders his* professional schyccs to IiiA friends
and the public generally.- He will attend tlib Courts'
of all tho couptios ih'thc'Cliuttahooifticp UlrciitLAll
business entrusted to lii/i care, will bo attended to with
punctuality. ' * ...
March 15 .'.‘* - ; • '*> '*. . 7 *6 ^
H.’ M. Cltainhciliii *
•JfjTAS JUST RECEIVED,direct from N. Orleans,
JLfl. 3000 lbs. now bacoq—choice article.. •
- 25 kegs Lard, - '. *
• 20 bus. Molasses. *». .* ;
5 hogsheads New-Orlenns Sugar.
25 Mils. Western Flour. •
60meinSglti ’ •*, . .• ' *
Columbus, Feb. 22 ' - ' 8 tf
IS. Iff. Cliaiahcrltiia,
TR'OUR-. «doors north of Ci Rosomlc’s Store, of*
.JL fera for sale, for cash, or countrv produce, q
General Assortnicntof ' .. .
. Dry Goods,** 1 Crockery, .
Hardware, I . Groceries find .
Boot.q Shoes, • • | Provisions.
Also, a.Superfine Assortmeut of heady MADE CLO*
thing ,-^On consignment, * *, ' ' : '• .*
15,000 I.BB. NEW BACON,
which*wHl be disposed'of at n.moderato p'rico, to close
tlio consignQiciit.. • • , *
February 15 .* ‘ .. 2^tf
Ulorris, Evans, * Co.' •
H AVE oh consignmohW aud offer for aulo, **a lot of
Kentucky Bugging,' . * *,••.*«*
Pickled Mullet, . 10 bbls Irish Potatoes; •
• • 20 bids. Canid Flour,.I 5-bbls Onions;
Togctlmr with a largo set!of Homospun; ifll of which
HI bo sold on tnodcrato terms, . '
Jatmary 18
34—tf
Ocuei’al Agency. * ^
Subscriber informs,th* public that ho Is jbq
; EL authorized agent fur tho following Publications*.
Tho Saturday Evening Ppst,.
“ Casket, . , ■
“ Lfidios Bookf . ... *
New.York Traveller and Spirit of tlie Times,
“ Medieo-Cliiriinricul 1 Review. • •.
14 Boston Republican. '•***,
E. SIGOURNEY NORTON, .
Agent for^lio Proprietors.
Steam Practice*
F RESH LOBELIA,—A few packages of-this ex
traordinary mediciiio, direct from tlie Shaker So
ciety—rand for sale by ‘
O. W. DILLINGHAM.
. Frosli O m’tleri Seeds,
FOR SALE nv : 0*;w* PIU.JINGirAM,
T HE .SEEDS were raised bv tlie SJnikrrs, nt En-
field, tlie last sen«6n; and consist of alniostovc-
ry variety, Piiitablo forthe market.
Wliito'Onion. - ' ; Early BulIock’s IIeart .
Ynllow . do. - • Cabbage, very lino.
Red .Jo. Etirly Hcart-slmpcd dol
Early. Blood Turnip Beot. I.nrge Bergen do.
Early Orange do. do. • Drumhead do •
Early Sugar do ' do. I-nto Dutch do. •
Long Blood do. ' \ FInt Dutch dp. vciy finto*
Long Mnntrel Wurtzel. • Green Savoy'do,
Ornnce Carrot, very fine. * Yfillow do.
Blood do. * Green Glazed do.'
Gtierp'sev Parsnip. Turnip Rooted do.
Long White do. ' Red Dttlcli do.
Enriy GIhsior Cucifmbor.' Cow do.*
Extra T.onff do* * Colowort.
Long Green do. Early Spring. Flqt Turnip.
Enrlv Frame do. Norfolk Flat d6.
Prickly*Gherkin do. .* ‘-Whitb Flat do.
Imperlnl- Sugar Lcttuco. Long IJfinovor do.
.Wliito Head 1 do. . RotaBagado.
Ice-Coflfl do. Squash Pepper. ;
Scarlet Short-top Radish. Cayenne do, *
I.ong Salmon do. t Double Peppergrass.
Long.Scarlet do. Vegetable,Oyster.
Early’Sugar I,oaf Cab- Solid Colcry.
huge. * Summer Savoy. j
Early George do. .Curled Parsley.
Etirly Dutch do. New Zonland Spinngo.
Early York do. Gnrdon Ci^m. * -
Enrlv-Largo York do. ,M r hite ^TiiPtaril.
Esriv Low Dutoh 'do. Brown do.
February 8 •/. ~ * . ~ l .,tf
fjtStOfJLcf.tCI’g
EMATNJNG in tlio Post Ofiico at Columbus Ga«
.Logan John
* Lucas William D.
Lucas B, G/G. - • •
Lanier Sainneoh
.Iiopoz* David r' 1 . ■ ;
Lovfiing Mrs. Lydia 2
Martin Mrs. Ammhella2
McKinuos Miles
Massey Kimbrol # .
Mitchacl Bird F.
MminJohn .*
Mills William ' .
- Mnccoll John
Morris Mr.. ; .
McDonald Esq. Charles J.
Globe Hotel Leuse....l'Or Sale.
T IIE subscriber offers for sale, hia unoxpirad
lease <if the GLOBE HOTEL, together with
all the furniture belonging to Unit establishment, now
occupied by him. The house is ns well furuished as
any one of tiie kind in tho SojUhem States; -and tlio
1V Yfbole will be sold on liberal terms nnd long credit, for
undoubted paper.
If application i? ipade previous to t|ie. first day of
May, undoubted titles will be given to the property.
The House will be kept in its usual style-until tho first
•f May: and Uio subscriber solicits the patronago 'of
Coluiiibiis Hook Store*
I HAVE just received! in addition to my former
-.‘stock, the following Euglisli and AmericauAiinii-
als, Albums, Novels, Talcs, Ax*. ficOi
. * ANNUALS,. •
Tlio English Annual for lU31.
u *T Portrait Album for 1834. .
Tho American Religious Souvenir
Otlering—;Kcopsake,, {•
English Amulet.
English Comic Offering.. • .
Geographical Annual. . V .*•*»■.
* NOVELS, TALES.-dec.., •
Pelham, ortho Adventures of a Gentleman, 2 vuls.
The Naval Officer, •• 2 44
The Down EasttAy, * • 2
Sketch Book of Fashion 2. 44
Canterbury Talcs, . • ? *“
Peter Simple, or tlie Adventures of n Midshipman.
The Donnnei’s Legacy, a series of Talcs.
Scenes in ouf Parish—by a country Parson’s daugh
ter. •’ ' ' '
Talcs of Romance, 2 senes.
Newton Thornton, ortho MerchantSorvice.
Fibblcton’s Travels in America;
Lcctures' on tlie Law and the Gospel.
The Note Book of a Country Clergyman.
.;* . ' ' ' /
Tho Clliirc.li nf God. •
Tho Life of Archbiflinp Cranmcr.
Lilbof Jnokson—ivitli mony olhor wnrKs too numcr
ous to particularize. ‘ •
Feb. 8 E. SIGOURNEY NORTON.
i the subscriber will
jbiis friends until that day. .
Any person
look ihrongb! Jil
take great pains iu poiiitiug it but to any person wish-
fiig to purchase. WM. SHANNON.
Augusta, March 1,1834, * •"*
Any person wishing fonurclmse, will please call and
. .. *■ Uio cstnbUflluneut,
-iniETTY GULF COTTON SEED.—For sale by
MT SHORTER, TARVER, 6c Co. *
March 22 . . -‘-7 tf
B OLTING CLOTHS, of ail kind.-, for pale-by
' . . G; W. DILI.INGHAM.
Hpwniiil’M Tonic Mixture,
WARRANTED A PERFECT AND LASTING CURB FOR THE
FCVEIt AND •AGUE.
F OR SALE, wholesale nnd retail by
FLETCHER 6c WESTCOTT,
. v '•?' Druggists, Apalafihicola, Florida.
44 1 hereby appoint Messrs.* Fletcher &.
Wcstcolt, my agenLr lor tljo sale of “ RowandV Tonic*
Mixture,^'.hi the Territory of Florida, F.astcni part of
Alabama and Weatcm part of Georgia; who are a*
ble to furnisli the emd’uicd'icincji to ull who m
to them on as favorable terms n* tliey enn obi
my apply
taiu lroui
T* Signed,). * 44 JOHN.R. ROWAND,”
** Philauolpbia
tlie proprietor UiuiMlC
R; Ocr. 9% itrii.'
M MHti'li 31«h 1884.
«vi, Smnuol R.
Allen, John -
Alleii Mrs. Mary L.
AtkinsonL.. .
Anthony sr. Lewis
Brhoks Esq. William
Baker.ihbn
Baker Bov. John
Burk Willlrin B; '
•Bnftor jr. Willis P.
Baker Charles
Burch Jared ■'
Barclay Esq. John
{ Brown E,
Bpntley MosCs* ;
’Bimisido Mrs. Eleanor
Barrfingor John L.
Bender Joseph
Cobb Joshua
Caper CJol.Farish . /
Chalker Esq. Sylvrinua
Cocnim Miss Emily C.'
-Caldwell Alien
Cpjvtng Woid 2
‘Cone Iliibbel B. ’ •> ;
Calvin Robert ‘
Casa AlbeiJ S.
Craig Mrs, Chnrlotto 0
CInytoh Philip A'. .1
Collin Cnpi. Stephen
Crosby Airs. Alar ilia
Cravens ALAI.
Calhoun GJaufioster.
Colley Silas G. *
Covington Dfivid
Cuniiingham Joseph. .*
Corse)* Jfsnnc •
Cooklleleritih
Coolifam Thomas ♦.
Cowing Em. Ward # .
Douglass Hezukiali
Duncan Dr.Tho’s. AI.
.Dutton Thomas H.
Elliott Gqo.W.
Eady Henry
Elliott Esq. George W.
ForUan Esq. Richard
Flemming Washington
Fraser.Dnphn
Fnruiiiirc, on CoiisIgitfncuL
T HE Subscriber has received on consignment, tho
following’articles of Furnitiipi, which lie will
dispose of for cosh, at mojlbrale jmccs.
1 Second Hand Piano. .
1 Puir of Tea or Card Tables. • ••
1 Light Stand. -• . ,
1 Rcfreseraent or LiquorStnnd, with Cut Glai
Furniture; E.«\GOURNEY NORTON.
January 18
Glass
ON.
34 tf
musical Inslninacnls*
AT THE COLUMDUS BOOK STOttE* ‘
T HE Subscriberho»on lmiid, mid r will sellclietfp
for cash, . .«..**
Violins, v | Clanmtota, . j"
Fhitcs, 1| 2,3 and 4 key’d I Harmonicans,
Fifes, . I Music Boxes.
Flageolets, I ’*'■*' -
A Ini, a general assortment of PRINTS: eucli ns
Birds, Flowers, Heads, Views,&e." together with age-,
ncrul assortment of JFuiicy Articles. - *
E. dIGOURNEV NOUTOJi,
January 25 . 35 ti
Fancy Gootlsil
I N addition to which, t have received a splendid
sortmeiit of FRESH GARDEN SEED, Ulterior
to none over im'portcd iu tltis’markct
A primo arsortment fifjfcuiMt mid Cloth BRi>OMb
SWH'-l tS, Jti% * l.. >r;uURNEV NOK'IUN.
Book Sture, Alareh 8,1834r - .
Ale-Combs Shadrach
Martin Barkley
AleGldun David
BlcFurlati James .
Murray Esq, P. J. 8
McGratli Roger .
MiijliamjHewy .' .
Nonfie WilHom Af* v
Nix ITiomos* J2 -**'
Poor Esq. Bonj,
Pryor
Pone EsqVBehjumin
CInytoh Philip A. > • Porter Allah S * "
Collin Cdpt. Stephen F. Phot jJohfi G.
cstutQ S.-
lehjumi
S a rail U.
Pcaboddy, Copt. John ■*
Piucr William or Barney
Stephens
Reeves Henry
Reynolds James H.
Reynolds Walker
Ramsey .Robert -
R<u. i Daniel
Riley.Jacob '•
Robison M. D* 2 • f
RocUnuivc Thomas J. •.
Slanc John B.
Cliivcrs Esq. Titos. Jones,
euro of Jaiiics. ’
Sims Aliss Amanda S.
Speer John
Stroud I-Tli or A!ark ..
Smith ft. H. • '» *
Sliojiherd Rev.-Simpson
Frascr.Dnphncy * tjiiopneru Hcv.-bimp?on
Feign son Benjamin 2 Spinks Roily or John John-
Fruncls A. •.*. • *• ' .-* sen
Spear Lewis
Fedriek Lewis M*
'Farmer James
Grant David B.
Goldsmith Jolih *
Gardner C.
Grautland Esq. Seaton
Gay Samuel
G win William
' rs. E icon Of* H. Tstwor 31rs^ Elizabeths .
{Smith Rr.-L.
Squires David B.
Bewail John O. *
Snlitli Nimrod
SpteucGrlr. David
Shows Esq.* Henry W.
Sj.rowlErq. Crawford
Howard Airs.—-
HanimnndiiJohu
Ileal IhiwcS. -
Haislctt William
Hearn Airs. Elizabeth
Howell Mrs. E.D.
TufncF W.'
Tilly llandol . •
Towns Cri^CUViS
Talor RIcImrd.
Thomas Mivliael
. Thompson J film W.
Wilson Esq. Joel
John, 3
noweij i*irs. rH l
Hniveii Mrs. Eliz
Ilulon Elisha
Harts field Esq. Andrew
Haywood James
Jones James R. Winn Lewis
Johnson Mrs. Elizabeth Whatley Miss Eliza G;
Jidnpr Jesse B. Wore Dr. Georgo V.
Jockson Samuel Millers Wynn Esq. CoLLewis,
Jones jr. Janies care of Lewis • *
•Jouea James H. • Whatley Tyre
Johnson George VV. Webb I ortunatus
Justice# Court, 77«d. diet. V' j nn George H# .. '
King MissAgness2 Wycffo C..C.,
King Amos WslkerLsuicl E.
Kcmifin Alexander
Porxm* calling for any of the above letters, will
plen»e sny they are sdverWM.
' JAMES VAN NEeW,.P. M.
Aprils - • . IWJt
1‘OLITlCAIu
. CONDY KAGUETS Sl>EECU,
VVOF ,1'IIK SOVEKKIOKTT'dF THfc ST4TK3 i
Ddivcrcd before die Sluto Kiebtk Associntionuf I’oim-
eylvanio, pn tlio 4lli Mardi, 1334..
(CO»CLUI|SD.)
It being ibus manifest that the object for
which tlie convention \|as assembled, was
not to change tlie formot; tho government,but
simply to' ‘‘revise tlio ariiclea of confedera
tion,” it rcinains lor us to- see wlietlier that
body was properly clcctedftmd. whethdr it
did in.hoiiesty and good Uiitli fuifd the duties
of its appointment. ' .
Tliis vve sliall learn fi'o n the journal of its
proceedings; and if from, hat record, it shall
appear tliat such.wits.tlio act,\vo shall have
advanced another step tOtvards establisliing
tlie pusitidn, tliat'tho.govcriimont of the Uni
ted' States. was' establislloa; by tlni States,
audnot by tlio‘peop|o ns an' aggregate mass.
In tlio first placchheli, we learn'from a
•perusal of tlio credoitials of the delegates,
that tliey were all ciuscn by their respective
•State Legislature^,/ as representatives of-
their respective States, and.ofthoso States ftf
'lone;and-. . 'it
Li 'the second plt.ee, that- they' were rip-
pointedfor the purpose of revising the exist
ing articles of coni ^deration. • ■
• Tho second Moidtty of May', 1787, was
'the'day' .fixed upt 1 for the'meeting of the
Convention at I’ll ladclphia. The Journal
informs us, that oiJtlintday*,- whieli was the
14th-of the month; “ sundry Doputies to tlio
Federal Convention appeared, but a niajori-
ty-<fl' thp. States i|ot being represented, the
members present' adjourned^irnin day to day,
until •Friday the 25tli of the fiaid month,”
when tlie convention commenced its labours,
after electing George \Vashingt‘on its Fresi-
detit.- v The quoBtiunthen presents itseli', did
they act us the Rupfcsentativcs of sovereign,
free,'independent States, or, as the repre
sentatives of the people, os an aggregate
jiiaSsl This question is answered by every
vote upon which the yeas anti-nays .were' re
corded. -The votes, were* .given by Slates,
audnot-npon the principle .of proportionate
representation. Each State, whether small
o'r largo, had one vote. Tho weight of
awaru, with her sixty thousand population,
was as great as tliut of Virginia, vjith'her
eight hundred mid fifty thousand,-und ‘p cn-
tiro a disregard was bad tojproportioiiittu re
presentation,-. an esssential clement |u a con-
somo of the small Stati^had mvi'o de|mties
than . some of tho largo ones.
If any doubt could exist on.this -point, it
would be dissipated by this simple statunionu
The population of tho fiveft rgest states re
presented in the convention was 2,-501, C49,
whilst that of the sixsmallest states, was hut
1,123,528.* Npw by the terms upon which
the constitution .was formed, each state hav
ing ono vote, it. may well havo happened,,
'that seme of its mostiinportant features were
adopted by tlio votes of a majority, of tho
slates containing less than ono third dl
the whole' population, which would novor
havo been acceded to by a majority of tho
people, had tho government been under-
•stood to hav6 been,termed' upon tlio princi
ples of one aggregate mass. In this stute-
ufeut we have token only, eleven states As
representedIn tlio Convention, that-being
tlie greatest numbur at any time present.—
Rhodo. Island never appeared at all; whilst
New Hampshire did- net tako 1ior seat until
the ^3d of J idy,' subsequent to tiie witlidraw-
ingot New York, which took place on.the
lltiioi'that monjh.'
No.r does the dvidcncc terminate Iierc.—
The constitution tarries on its lace a decla-
nilion that it was tbrmed by the-Statcs.'tUid
not by tho whole people us one consolidated
mjss. The yery title qf the governn eni
;iveu in tinit instrument, “The United
itates-,” implies individuality in tlio States,
and simply means tlio Stutes at that time
United. • The Preamble too, which declares
that the object of tiie constitution is amongst
other things to forni “a more perfect union,"
can only have reference to the union then
subsisting, which we have shown to b.o^a un
ion between sovereign, fi-qo and independent
stato3,&.it e.xplicitlyassorts that tho constitu
tion is ordained arid, established for “the Uni
ted States of America,” and not for the peo
ple.. And liere wo must not pass over with
out notice the unportunt uud conclusive frict,
that in the article of the constitution’which
designates the agency by .which the Strifes
arc to enact laws for the government of tho
Confederacy, tho term “Congress,” and. riot
Parliament, or assembly is used.' The term
“Congress” is one specifically applied to an
assembly of nations, in the persons of- tlioir
sovereigns orthbir representatives, and hence
tlie legislative proceedings of tho federal gov
ernment were always styled the proceedings
of the United States in Congress assem
bled,” and not the proceedings of the peo-
Ifie. ‘ • ■ -j
. The mode too'eprovided for amending tiie
constitution, is tilso‘explicit on'this subject.'
Alterations must bo ratified by “the Legis-"
latures of throe fourths of the several States;'
or by conventions'in three fourths .thereof,”
so that, wqro it now desirable tin-seventeen
-Population
■ >f tin-larui-i Siav.. io obtain tin alteration
of tlie constitution, to authorize acts which
arc not now .authorized, it would ho in the
■power of tiro seven smallest states containing
less tlilm one twelfth part 'of"the population
of tin? wliolo country, to provont it.* . With
litis fact staring.us intljo facot will arty one
pijtte’ml to stty tliaf tlio Government. was
.formed by.thq people as an aggregate mass 1
If so, ho must consider tho people of .1787,
us wholly ignorant of tlieir rights,' or us 'desti
tute of wisdom, in"sanctioning n system, tiie
practical efi'ect of which at this day, is to ori-
uble a fraction of a little mute than ono mil
lion of people, to defeat tlio wishes of npur
ttyelvo millions. .
But tliis is not nil.-' Thn seventh nnd,
last article of the constitution doclares that
“Tlie ratifications of nine States, shall he
mentofthis constitution between tiie States
so ratifying the same.” .. •
Iti this article wo lmvo the following indis
putable admissions— .-
First, ..That tlio States formed tho consti
tution, for it wasonly by tlioir ratification that
it wus made to exist. • '
•Secondly, That it was only to ho binding
upon the States tliut plfonld so ratify it>leav-.
.ing those*who shoidd refuso to do so,, in' the
fulretijqyment of their sovereignty, freedom
and independence, to remain ns separate na
tions, o'r to.unite un'tlor somo new iustrumcnr
of federation:. . ...
•And as if no dotibt should bo luft upon,tho
minds'of the people;’iis to tho'foderntivo
character of tho Government, the very at
testation to tho iristruriiont, Bf the mumhers
of Jh’e couvcuitipn, .dqeinres^ that 'it 'was
“Dqn?in,Convoution,b^ tlio uimnipious coq-
soiitqf tiie States present.”
Let us nOw follow up. qu.r liistory, tuid
seo what was the form of tlio. ratification.—
The convention adjourned on tho 17th of
September, 1787j& tinnsmite'd to' theCoii-
gfpsri'still. acting under the articles of corifod-
ortttion, a report- of its proceedings. That
body, on tl.io 28 th of tlio sariio numtli, adopt
ed the following-vesolutlon: . '
“ Rr.soMT.u-L-NANiMmiBL.Y, That the snid
report, with tiie resolutions dclettcrncrompn.-
uying the-same, ho transmitted.to tho sever
al Legislatures, in order to bo-submitted to
a convention of delegates chosen in each
State by tho pcoplo t hereof, in coiifirmity
to the resolves of the convention','.mode .'und
provided in that ruse.”
In coiifirmity with this resolve, tho Leg
islature of each Statp enacted n law, calling
a convention ofthe pepplo. thereof, in-tlieir
separate capacity of-members of a sove
reign, freq and independent State, and to
thoso Conventions were submitted the con
stitution for ratification. Jly these conven
tions it whs ratified; and so clearly were thoso
ratifications tho acts of' tho States, and not
of tlio people as an aggregate mass, that it
Was iii the power of the five smallest States,
Of iho thirteenStutoa byilitUcii/ua ofl790.
Virginia. ' —
Pennsylvania,.
.North Carolina,
New York, -'
658.073
C5.321
431.073
303,751-
340,120
2,501,049
Maryland,
, South Carolina,
ConncctiC-ut,
NewJ^roey,
Georgia,
DeluwaVc,
New Hampshire,
• Rhode lifnne'.
Total population,
1,123.5-48
227.424
06.825
3,031,426
sons, by Withlioldirig thelr assort, to doi'oat
the adoption of tlio constitution, against the
wishes of the other eight Stutes, containing
a. .population of upwnrds 'of three millions.
Ilnd the constitution been intended for n
npw Government proposed to he formed by
tlio people of tlie whole United States, as
an nggreguto mass, very different youlcl linve
been thVform of tlio ratification. Nothing
less than a majority of tlio wliolo pooplo
would lmvo. been required to defeat it, nnd
instead of tlio Stnlo of. Dnhiwnro being al
lowed ns' much weight in determining tho
question ns Virginia, she would linvq boon
allowed only tno proportion of influenco
which GO,000 pcoplo bear to 850,000, that
is, the proportion til'V to 14. • ' ’
Tliat thesi) ratifications, although execut
ed by the pcoplo of each State, in their sep
arate and sovereign capacities, and riot by
thy State Legislatures, were in tho form and
mode-prescribed by tlio Seventh article of
tlio constitution, that is, that'they .wore rnt-
ificntiuus’ofthc States, is npparont frotn tho
following, proceedings extracted' from the
Ju'urntil ofthe old Congress.
“U. S. IN CONORESS ASSEMBLED, l
If'eJmsJtn/, Juli) 2,1788., J
“Tho State of Now Hampshire haying
ratified tlio constitution, transmitted to them
by' the act of the 28tli of Septeinbcr last, und
transmitted to Congress their r&tificution',
and the same being read, tlio President re
minded Ciongrcss that this was tlie‘ninth rat
ification transmitted and laid before thorn
whereupon it was "
“Oiid'ere'd, ■ That tho ratification ofthe
constitution ofjho United .States, trnnsmit-
•l’Ol’ULATlOH
Of iho twenty.four .Suites, by 'tho'CensuH of 1830.
Now York; " - ■ 1,034^96
- - 1,33(1,(131
1,186,297 .
037,679
Pennsylvania,
• Virginia,
Ohio,
North Carolina,
.Kentucky,
Tontipssoo,,
Massachusetts,
South Carolina,
Goorgia;
, Maryland,
Maine,
. Indiana,
Now Jersey,
Alabama,
Connecticut,
Vormonl,
Now Ifarapshiro,
Louisiana,
Illinois, - ; ' *■
Missouri, ■
Mississippi, - “J 1
Rhodo Island,'
Delaware,
District of Columbia,
Michigan Territory,
Ark .nsas
Florida,
Total population
739,470
' 688,844
664,822
610,161)
581,478
516,567
446,013
390,462
341,585
320,77!)
309,216
#97.711
2802)65
11,605,118
369,533
215,275
157,575
J 137,427
97,855
97JJI1
76,7.17
1,051,623
led toCiongresS.borttferred to a n.immUcu, t ,
examiijo tiie' sunn., niiil report un uct o,
CqngiDfis for putting the snid constitution in
to operation, in pursuuncc of tho resolutions
ofthe Into Federal Convention.”
And hero it may not ho amiss to remark,
that tlio tornt “Federal," liero applied by
Congress to dm convention, being derived
from tlio. Latin 'word, lbedus, a league, a
stipulation between two or more, is tin addi
tional confirmation ofthe confederated char
acter of the Government, in contrast with
consolidation; and so universal whs' the ac
knowledgment of this political'truth, tliut ev
en long subsequent to tlio removal ofthe Go
vernment to Washington, that city was cull
ed “tho federal city;” und'which ofyou hero,
prosont, over heard iliat dm great Federal
procession of ’8!) in this city, waste com-
iiiciiimntrtho t imMMuiiiliii oincunwHdnK
qd Governmentf
At a subsequent day,, viz. on tho 13th of
September, 1788» tho Congress pussed a re
solution in the following words;
“I!Esm.yen, Tliut 5ie first Wednesday .
in Jammry'next, bo the dny for appointing
electors in tlm several State's, which, before'
tim snid day, sliall have ratified iho stiid con-’
stitution ;tfuit the first Wednesday in Febru
ary next,he tlm day forthe olpttors to. tin*.
soluble in their respective Stutes, nnd votri-
lor a president; and that tho. first Wednes
day in Murch next, be the time, und tho pro-'
sent seut of Congress the place ol'commenc
ing proceedings under.tho.suid constitution;
Iii.confortuity. with tliis resolution, tho
electionsiwcro held. On tlie 4th of March,
1789, tlio first Congress tinder tlio new con
stitution, assembled nt New York, and com
menced its duties, und "on the 30th pf April,
Georgo Washington, who had boon unani
mously oloctod 1’i-esidont of tlm United
Stales, was inducted into office. Amend
ments to the constitution wore subsequently
made, in'tlie farm prescribed by that instru
ment, and illustrating in practice theimmi-
fest triitli, that tlm States were tho creator*
ofthe Government. By one-o’| those n-
nmndments, it wus eniphnticnlly declared
that ‘tTJm powers not delegated to the Uni
ted Stutes by -tlm constitution, nor prohibit
ed by jt to tlm States, are reserved to tli*
States respectively, or to .the people.” Now'
us tlm reservation of rights implies of neces
sity tlm pro-existence of those rights, and as
it is very clear, tliut no rights wore conferred
upon the States, by tlm federal government,
whoso creature it wus, it follows.tllnt'thos*
rights thus reserved to tho states must )mv*
been rights inherent in the sovereignty of tli*
States. ' ...
Thus liavo I given an account of tlio ori
gin mid character of tlie constitution, us briof
as was consistent will) tlm object in view,
which'wus that of proving from documentary
evidence, the important fact, that the .gov
ernment under which We live,1b still a i'on--
federation of sovereign, free and indepen
dent States, nwl-imt n consolidated empire.
If I liltvo done tliis to. your satisfaction', it ia
only because tho evidence within reach haa
been so abundant, and because 'it lias been
of so plain und intelligible a nature, thiit the
most unlettered mind can comprehend it.—
Indeed it is difilcult to imagine with such a
body of harmonious, testimony before him,
how tiny unprejudiced man can advfinc*
tim position, that tlm government ofthe ,U-
nited States was formed by the whole .pco-
■p!o as ono aggregate muss. It is true tliat
those who maintain tliis doctrine, rely not so
much' upon historical cvia’cii upon ver
bal criticisms, as if great questions ol libcrij.*
wqro. to bo determined by criticisms so close
ns that which could Split u hair,
“ ’twixl west and soiith-west side.'.’
Tlio uso of tlm term “ national,” occasion
ally employed iu reforencc to tim federal
government, has been seized upon, tis of
consolidating import, nnd yet, tinder dm old
confederation, the debt of tile-government
was nttlmt time spokon.of in the public doc
uments, ns tlm “national debt.” Tho term
“ constitution” lias also been m eed ns proof
of tho ' establishment of tlm goverhinent by
tlm people ns rib aggregate mass; upon tli*
ground that “constitution’.' is nn expression
which is not' applicable to a compact exist
ing between independent Stator, and yet, I
have adduced in this- address, several ense*
wherein-tlie tcrm“constitution”'wns applied
before tlm formation of tlio present instru
ment, to the very nrticlcs of confederation.
Tlm main relinnco, however, of tlm advo
cates of consolidation, forthe support oftlieir
theory, is iijmll fh;- phrase “ we the. Pcoplo
of the United Stales,” where h occurs in tho
preamble to the Constitution. As this is a
point which is frequently urged indiscus-
“ions ou tlm Constitution, I will encroach a
little longer on your time, whilst I give u de
tailed account of tlm origin of that phrase.
By rqferlng to the Jourunl of the Conven
tion, it will be'found, that on tho Gth of Au-'
grist, tim first draft of a constitution was re
potted - by a committee appointed for tlm
purpose. Tho prcumblo to tluLt draft, com
menced as follows—
“Wo, tho pcoplo of tho Strifes of New
Hampshire, Mnfisncliiosclts, Rhode Island Ac
I’rovidonco Plantations, Connecticut, New
York, New Jersey,. Pennsylvania, liela-
ivare, Maryland, Virginiu, North Carolina,
Squill Carolina, nnd Georgia, do ordain, de
clare and establish the following Constitu-
ion, for tlio government of ourselves and
j(r posterity." .
. In this hhmsoology, it is. manift sf, tiint
' Wo„tl|u ,People,"swore the pm.pi,- -f iU
•voral States enumerated, ami tm Aim -.- m
iu Lodrawn from it, favourable to tlm dnr-
itmofun nggregate ma. s. In'this form,
u preamble was ndopted unanimously by
■u Convention on the 7th of Atigest, tho
‘V nftorit was reported by the committee.
After a discussion on tlm provisions of tho
aft, until tlm 7th-uf September, during
.id; tiino it does not upp, ar that the pre-
-ihlewns over again hrotinlg into view, a
soinmitteo of five was appointed “to ret iso
