Newspaper Page Text
MNMMHMtMM
1
, (Tie style of und arrange The article* agreed In'
by «!it 1 funsc.
OnOie 12th of September, theefim nil (Tecof
rev tMf'm rcjiortcd llie • oiiMiliillon a 5 revpin
stvlu anti arranged by them, in which th<-
prenniide read ns follow—
“YVc.tji£ people, of (hi* United State*, in or
der to fonii .i ihon* perfect union, establish jus-
SPEEC1I OF MU. CLAYTON,
'or ukojigia.
On Mr. M jurors' rruolmion, inVtrue tin jr thfc committer
of Wax m nml Men Of, t<> inquire into flic < xp^.lirnry
of roporllfig n IhI! to ilepodte the pnhlir fpmfoj > #,fo
tin* Smt* jSnioh and to cfr*iiw» nil contracts hcreat-j
tor to bo imai'* nilli tin* Srcretfty for the wife knep-
iiifT, inntin"X!io< ot ami dtfhur'eniciii of U10 wmic.
(< o.Nct tmr.ti.)
Thu* mf*asnre is farther tutempted to be
capital, anil yetlinp* by \tn withdrawal, alfo- j, But, Mr. Steak xr., we are fold, and I con*
Her, eiumre dorniwU.' trnnntSillly, lor . »« nn-n-nro MWP"?.
.!, htiioo acfeuce, fclift tV »!*>•"' ,,n ' \ Ue J'™ £
WPHpr? « ettjo tui EeJSg, of lil-rtv to
oAM-h'-s. mul (111 r JSlfferilvJ -lo nr,Hun ;„„i | nCOn.-rnmnii, l'"l
eMaLl^U tfli* Cur . lb, United I ' lic '■IM>»*n'n.fii.rctm.vn
flinto f.r \.ti 1 . • I nwc—arilv*involves the tight to control Inin
Tile re,isoii liir tfie chnit-m l,y llie .-'..ninth-1 i'vrat thiu^ rola.lnp to hlo
.tec, in the phraseology of the preamble, by
the insert inn of the word* “ United Suites,'*
l
peels in one general ruin. la Europe, ..
a m i lied operation* in trade aiid commerce de-1 remove the tlejM^ainni, aud I believe that itincf
ending upon the credit pTAuierirati -storks, tenths of-the coirtmumfy pronounce that ver-
will be instantly impaired, land ibis will as I diet,.among wlmfn are «ome of the best friends
certiiinlv rfrttch tmbn thelbdted Stales as that of the President, both in and out of Congress;
walfrr will flow from an opting barrier, ad- yet being removed, they ought to remain where
ding a deeper gloom to u»i’embarrassment thfcy are, because some think the bunk uncom
which has almost icaclidd its lasl-poiut of en : I stitutional, many profess to dread that their
durance. I restoration will lead to a re-charter of the
IV. Am relates to the country. Never bank, and others believe it to be dangerous.—
there such a wide miscalculation as that 1 own l ain utterly at a losj to Comprehend
offic
i<l ofrccapitiil.iiiiigthc uatnch of the several
BfTircA.te apparent enough, ifw’e ndminhi* ab-
w’in:i‘ of alt design ojJ the part oftho commit
tee to be. guilty of a wilful fraud, as we ’must
do win n wo < oiinidcr their high character, anil
when we hco that they weakened the strength
of the original language, hy declaring thui tin?
constitution whs ordained for the United .States
urulfiiot simply liir “our elves mul our poster
ity.” It whs not at that time* known, whether
all the States, then united under the existing
ari Hfhffiqf (flftjljeilfcifltion, would conriuitc in
tlleTijjUipiVr Ilhqdoldnml, om has'been seen,
did not even seinf delegate* to tin? conven
tion, and consequently, the insertion of'tlieir
mimes, sbonidmivofiliem refuse, would have
teudoiiMl hbc&SsftVy an ntterattou m tue Coh-
fifjtittiou; and besides tlii^, as tint phrase** II-
uited .States,” had n-fereuceto the Staten Uni
ted, at that time under the confederation, each
one of which, at that moment was in full poe-
itiMMtou of its “.Sovereignty, freedom, and in
dependence," and a* it was intemlcd tbattbo
people of each State, ns 11 distinct and Kepar-
If this.be true as to liim, it i« Ciptally
x to all vithef oflicers itrider like circuin-
s-Pinrey, whciherlil the artny or navy, or in
deed wlirthi! civil brnriches'of.fioven’
inuiunity, Hhuuld ratify the CoiUtilutioiii
no inemlier of llie coiutniitee could ItaVe.an
ticipated, that the day would arrive, when the
terin, “we.jli« people,” Would be construed
to* menu the people of Suites, Which had not
retained their Sovereignty,‘freedom and inde
pendence. Accordingly, we Hud, that on the
llhh of September, the day following the re
port of tiie revised draft, tin* Convention pro-'
cecded “to the comparing of tin? report from
the committee'of revision,' •with the articles
which were agreed to by the House,, mid to
them referred for arrangement,” and the
mme was read by .paragraphs, e/mipared, and
in awne places, correctfed and amended.” It
diMis not. appear (hat any proposition forrestdr-
i.ig the original reading of the preamble, was
ijlmle, and the eoneJiisioo is Heif-evinent, tlwit
the Convention did not discern In the change
of phraseology, liny ehungo in the character
of the parties to ihe Constitution, and accor
dingly, “Wo tlte l*eopM of the United State#,”
was feft as the laiigungo of that itiMtrumem, in
tilt? engrossed copy that was.Bigncd, mid which
tin* day exi-ts.
lilit,* let me ask, ftdlovv citizens, whether
the phrase, “We the people of the United
Htat«*s,” was not the ono best'ialiipted to cx-
prevs who were the real framers of the ft deiut
gitvermnent 7 It is very cenniih that it.was
not funned liy.thc State uovgrntuents, but by
•the p/op/e of the several Smtes. in their soy
apagu capacity . and to infer liom ihe very
Jiict of im exercise of that sovereignty, that the
Alines were no haiger sovereign, is ope of the
irtoti extrnoidimny dKlnctions tlait can he ini-
agiued. As vveirmiglit it be said, that ..the*
term i% the good piop/e of these c.oioiiit s/’ em
ployed in the heelaruiion of Imlepcnd*nee,
ainouufed to proof, it/spite of all the lestimo-
oy I'urnifthtd to the eoiaraiy, that the people
.of the colpnies were one eotisolhhitcd inasa,
before they weie sepurated fnim Great luit
*:>>•
Having thtis. I trust, conelusively estob-
.liriiedthe fact, tliiu the eoiihtitutiun whslormed
by tliirtcen So.crcign States, and not by tin*
' people of the thirteen Suites us uu aggregate
imi*s, tlu* question limybc ufkcd, wliai gieut
pi.''.pie lumnt-ri ,vvi»U id* liberty ol ‘tlu
: l»eo]»»e, or the Union* of tilt* States, is involved
•In llie controversy I Of \v Inu.consequence
it to uh and to our posterity, whether the urn
of.Gn'vcrnnient.
Now vvJiat- results from such a-prineiple 1. I11
ali'thc laws of Congress, passed in every U't
minis!ration, iti which a given sp*eilied duty
is*required of ait qfliepr, the IffiMdeiit can pre
vent its nerforinatico, if \* doc« not haj’pen' to
please him, bv his retuoval, and obtaining’ a
more complying instrulncnf, who lor thcfiake
of olUce.‘will disregaril l\u'-.required service
Take, for example-n case from tills same ofli
n r, the Secretary of the Treasury, lie is
required .by law to make his annual reports to
CoifgresM. Now, under the doefrino that he
is tin executive oilieer, and answerable 10 1 be
pi.wrr that appoints him, tlie President lake
it info his Heart tlmt tin* law is uncon*tiiution
al, mid, by way of-.** cxperiinent,” require-
liini to make Ids reports to himself instead •riC
(Congress. Does any one believe; after what
has happened, that "Secretaries might not be
found ready and willing to do this 7. And
what makes this matter intolerable, the 1-reei
dent thrown the Legislature into Mich a post
tion, that they cannot redress the ‘mischief,
unless they can obtain two* thirds of.each
branch.of Uotigress to concur in tlici go tinier?
aatinir metuyue, *or twq-ihirrls of the Senate, if
that measure shoidd be iinpeaebmenl; Will
any one point out a sensible dillercnec* be
tween such u state of thing-* arid an uhsohite
ilespot ism \ If this is not doing whilt Sqemcdi
good unto n rulo/, I km>w pot what is.
lint if the' uppoiqting und removing .power
efteets 60 much for 4ni
ethir, involve s*ujrfe of the most hope ltd pros-less it is the strangest i<iea that 1 have met will
ruin. Io Kwrope, albthe pin all this matte!*, that though it Was icroag- to
whieli litis resulted from the removal of the I sueli logic, oud as to its morality, it is absri*
deposited. Its expected bencdii«.are lurried itr- [ lutely slioeking. Wliat! a irrong* can be done
[unnig;
Wrong is \\ relative-term
the Administration, that, ih‘its eflects, may Who is wronged by 1
claim the.merit of jx-rTcet equality. Equal* two parties totlie con
siitiering is, alike; the lot of all; it exacts its meut l. Thedeedwa
^ ■. JHHP I
to the most nnspeiiknblc mischiefs, and these 1 and tio reparation !
have reached down mid parted the yery roots and*implies injury to some <*ne, and must
of society. Per|h»p-; it. is the only measure of | Continue to the qud of time unless redressed.
iliis act f There ore but
contract. Is it the Gqvern-
„ , MWW as ddriebylicrownagcrit,
fribtile.ofdistress as welt from the driilv bread ami as he-supjiosed, for Ijer'benelit, and tlie
of the laborer, as from tie; cargo of .the titer- stiong determination to hold On to die de;pos-
chant that ridca upon die 6nus. This otigln to itca; sliows lliat- tiie wroitg is not to her. It
Jiave*been expteted; nnd if apy rdliauce coultl must then lie the bank that is- wronged, and
have been planed upon the report of the com- will any one admit that fuet, and then liuve
inittrc who investigated the bank two yearn a- die .hardihood to a:Hihu,in a country 'where
go, (mid many bottom all their opposition up- the Bible'‘i* believed,', tliut oue to whorn -'a
on this r^l^n,) it wbjdd there have'been found 1-wrong ha^ been done, ought not to - be re-’
that a similar di»tr^9, existing at that time, dressed ? • On'n an act be right in us that is
wan accounted for upon precisely the same wrong in another 7 Can-the principal de
ceases which have produced the present ca- fend what disgraces the agent 7 Wrung may
lainjfieM. . There had becn.au unusual cun- admit, of degrees,. iii f iw eflects, but before the
traction, on Hceountof the payment ofthc )>nl>- eternal throne of Heaven it admits of noue in
lie debt, after an unusual expansion of its ri is- principle, and therefore I put acasq.*
equals, and the conaeipiriice was, as it now is, (f t)io Secretary, under, the belief that tlie
hut not to the same -extent, a great pressure hunk w'as unconstitutional, dangerous,, or
upon the commercial merest. The report 1 ought not io bn recharte'd, the 1it.y plcti for
stated that “ die batik luriits legitimate bunk- witriliolditig the deposites, had retiirhed to'
mg capital with which tojilq its regular busi- this House tliat a magazine* was safely cou-
uess, and accotntnodate tlie community. As ee aled Under die batik,.eoiiuectcd*widi.a well
it collects Jho public rt.vanke\ it is enabled bodi i u id train dialled to the foot of the Capitol, aqd
avail itself oftho advantage of employing it only u\yaited the order of the House to have the
to ils own benefit, and tlie iiecoiiimodation ol . niatqliapplieii.to blow it into tendioiisand frug-
tbc commercial. community, yvho principally meats, who.is there among us, ifhe be au lum-
eoiiirihnip nnvmnni. Kv'iviirnneneimr tlie I Aei <i..r»...... 1. .. .....
or ihcdilicr tlii-inv ol' giivoniincni bo iho.lruc
'Thin; will m
Vue 1 Thnu will tint Jjeiuiit int! lii ri ply tu
Ihwiu, qmistii)Hii,'biu I iminml I'ln.-cwiiliiiHi ic-
rmirking. hint lipon tli(f Stivbroigrijty ol* tlti*
‘ Smies, ui ]ioiul Stale Bigljtif, nml tin- imutii ti-
*tmiifiMUo, wlioiliet tin- Hill-rill gtivunhue^n in
a giivi-iiiini nt of .linilloil imwoifl, or u hosjiii-
tihin—wbtibirw-i are iVccmen qr‘«la\u.. This
- end Id be ii^olr 10 W5pK&,1int ur 1 liuve ttl-
renilv <«-c-u|iit-<l too tmu-h iit'your tinu-. I VfW
. refer.you tnihe lionuioky mnl Xii^iiihi itch-
ututlniib of ’6$ nml jo Mr. 1!m|i Ut-
{.■iil iuTnvmii ol h o Imli r; to the piiuri oiHnyii
of your own l.i•{li-l.-it urt*. wliim ileniocrncy
1 w*ns Ronii-huiia inoti; llilill ii. mum', miQ lollnj
ppii!ioiiR]Moiiomireil bv I 'ilict'J iislii t 1 M-Kcim
nml Tilj;liinau. in hic'Snnrcme Conn of lliU
Cii I.. S>. tlt.t oiioiin nf i ‘t.l.Ill'll Ultit ( ■ ldt-lliI
! Btatc, iii tlie cases of Cobbetl and Gideon
Olmslcud.
A^ENplX.
The. ft«11 owing it- the order in which tbg
thirteen States rutilied the Fedeiol ^oiiBtilu-
llon
I Delaware,
. 2 Pemwylvania,
a Now Jersey, .
December 7,1787
“ .12, ”.
M 18, “
!i Connci ticiti, • •
11. “
fl Massuohlisiatff,
■ Fcbtiinrv 0, • "
7 Mmylflnd,
Ai-ril .
i0, - .
• fi South Ciirolinn,
Slity
S’.'!, -•
9 New- llnmimhirc, .
J 0 00
Wi «
* 10 Virginia* •
“
so, ••
11 \ W Volk, : .
Jnly..
$Q, •!.
J2 Ncrth Cfirofitin .“
n-v;
Cl, 1700
10 Hhbilr'I>-lahd,
May
20, -170ft
* .• North Crirolimi existed n* a srpnrntr
Stetp or pntion, for upwtmls of eight month
after the Federal ('orernmout commenced it
ot»»'rations nuder the present constitution, nnd
Rhode Island, for nenr fourteen months, and
both, had they seen*(it, might have continued
lo do so up to tlie present tiny
Executive, jt must
cqptilly do the same .for the Legislative nnd
Judiciary departments. Let ds.lake an ex
ample‘frpui t ho .latter,by way of illustrating
tliiH point. It#will be admitted dial the Con
gress which passed tfie bunk eJihrtqVj.hrid.thc
power to liuve selected "any other olfieer.thnn
the tiiTretnry of tho Treasury,-(and -this
proves the-public funds were at their exclusiyi
disposition) to perforin . wiiat is therein re
muS^H].' fchi|>|M)*<o tlien, they Imd chosen the
Reporter-of.the Supreme Court to liaveldoric
what wns entriiytcd to the Secretary, (being a
high legal .ohnrarfer, and seeing the dutjr to
bv perfqrtned, was principally the construction
of a charter,-mtdudcd .to effect constitiitkinal
powets, it wonld.nbt have .been a’very inap
propriate. choice,) does any* one believe that
because the Supieme Court has the appoint-,
incut and jemoynl pHhis officer, they wonld
dare to cqqu-ol him in Uie exercise pfmtfJion-
est judgment in relation to-his'trust! Wonld
they b» i*k to roh the Congress of the tnana^q-
itie.nt of-the public ffinds, mul their fcghlattyc
p(pvcrs,' bectuise they had required a certaib
service to be done by -tin officer, n'ppointed
and > removable by theip 7 And il they did
u ho dors not see at once,* wlint an over-
wh ‘iritiiig indignation would burst from every
quurtCi «»t this union 7
Thin illustrutipTi, tlu n, clearly proves, that
if Congress could select* an offil'dr, acknowl
edged by ull to belong exclusively to the Judi
eiiirv department, to perforin’nil net for them.
which tliat department could tint control, why
might they nett do pteeiscly the some thing irt
relation tir uii executive officer, even suppo
sing he was the exclusive agent of that depart
ment 7 Dut if kw be a legislative officer, -at
legal so fur as the ftuuueeH are coueeriie*!—or,
an iiftrriiment to carry into etTect certain /c-
gifilativt powers,r—m»d this, the subject mat
ter of the charter, the ehajn<!ter of his tvUdU
the history of its creation, the genius of the
Govei nmt nt, and the spirit of tint Gonstitu-
tii'ii, all Seem to coiififmj who can doubt ihm
tbe'attempt to control r-uch offie«»r, rntuely by
virtue .of the appoitiling power, is not only a
gioss ahu.se of that power, but u. wanton iwwr-
patiort of the rights ol Congress ?
\\ but ure some of ihe.e«*ns< quences of this
act 7 •
I. As relates to Congress, it has lost a clear
comthutioiud right to eotttrol mid manage
:lie public funds, and nothing vt-muius to thpiii
how, but to pass siuiple tax and apjiroprintioii
htWb, without miy toirtryVof sajd funds for any
oCthe constitutional' purpo&eMo which they
weie previously upplitd. The ^President
henceforth, will* ctuisii to be collected,;nans
liiittcd mid disbar ted the public money—he
will ellcet loHUs^he will regulate ^onmierce
— be will CBtablish nn uuiforin cimeney;
CongiesH need give itself no further uucusinetp
nji the>e subject*. Mr. Si l KAKfcR,.tlieie is one
!mi|u* left to ihe country,—the.President, res
pecting uo right between his want mid his will,
between his purpose uud lii&pbwqr, bus rushed
into a business, wlijc h though tob.sinaU for his
ambition isrortnuhtely too large forhisstrengtlq
This, to him, melancholy truth, is daily at
tested by the increasing rbin uml distrets tln.it
U iavaging the laud* like a IjhiKtiug.* mildew,
and lie will in tlu*. end war biniseU but of*his
own eompioBt over fhe buriki
II, As relutei* tb the bank. This meas
ure has wrought a shameful breach of faitlii
It ha^ impaired tin* obligation of its eon
tract, than which nothing can be morfi mi
just. 'I'lie stoekliolders ate rolibod oT the
only consideration tliut bus induced them
to* let tlu; Government pry into their pro
ceedings, to make‘tl)eir weekly mul month
ly return^ to it, bV Which*, the Secreta
ry is possessed of all their secret operations,
nil their wcnk.noinls, ull their rcsomces, uud
profiling hy this advantage he can nnd will
give the State banks to \vhtcli the deposited
arc removed, such .information mid direction
called upon to. make the payments on aceotiut wr0H g t aud’torowg* to the bunk. IfsuOh a pro
of the GkTVv'rtiment; and# us they, gradually jc;ct t*iget rid of the batik would be wrongni tin
approach that period, tliey.mUSt.ulso sliorteu Secretary, who does tint-see it. would bceuual-
the perils! which tlu; Upsintss paper has to run, jy M> ; 0 lJS ?. j> 0 I1()t j et ,j l0 delusive idea,
until they, arrive ut the time of the call oft the tliattlie. cllcctswoiiidbfc.diliereiit, seduce the
Gqver 11 merit, 'wheuMhe 'business paper will conscience into a most treacherous quietude-
Iihvo boon n.'iid t»lK Hip'.linnk then liavs the t, Vm.i mli ii
have b,een paid’ titf, the'-bank then pays the njatlel . 8 noX the bunk whether you rob it
Government, aud the •Government iininedi: ol - a r j g | lt by notr'er or hy fire, you have done
ately ngain-eiftcrulutes it aiming tho communi-1 - -c—•i.k ...««««
ty.. The operation;
■to the'committce!
•clfeulutes it among thy communi-1 j^y plainly *adpiitiing your act to be wrong,
teration, ns t hits'described, appears, I every consideration of justice; good, faith,
nittce, too qilaht'and rimple/to Te- ' u ftq mbriil obligntion deinauds, iimnediate re
quire any further illustration; mul, if the j>rm- p ar ation at your hands. • Lut-il never bu ibr-
ci])le be Hound, and bus been acted upon by OIUm ,| iat “rightcouMiess exalteth a nation,”
the. bank, they, cannot discover in* what man-1 and iiijUBtice is*“a reproach- to aiiy people.”
... • , «... - . , « M „ inju»tice is*‘ta reproacln to aiiy people,
nor the operations ol commerce. could Uay$ Tlus-inay be considered an ektreme case,
been disturbed, or the value of pecutiiary in- t i loU „h i t | )y IM> ,„ e mi8 changes the*principle ;
..... - v-rxfrJMHHIIHWBy MRHH . though itby imi nieiniH cluniges the principle ,
VKMmeiiU linvo been allceteu by llie .payment. lyetXwill put another soirten/idt more probable,
oTthe jiublic dulit.- Tl-B-iU now be perCeiveil, I , hu( j (1 i g |it'oc C u )t uml'hns been tbrentcued in.
tlim, it tlie then-existing.preshure emild iuiv-' -- - -
. . this Bciison nf politieul ginnbiin^, where llie
been prevented by a propel ioanagementol tlie 1)t0 pe r ',u v iHii)ii» of power, known io tlie fcon-
rtttnue, in tlie way of loans to the mercantile rSitniioni form ho bonier to tlie projects ofam-
community, a njos, disiiblrous couviiImou must |n tilts same elmiter wlieretlie Gov-
stiCcccd tliu Suddeit willidruw.ul of that reetma | c . rnIIH . m pledges its honor and faith that the
alh'gftffvr- . , • • (leiiosites should remain.witii the bunk, is an-
XXnut; take away ten millions, and »aud- ot j 1( . r t . qua )i v saered-iiromise,. laying side by
dculy, tliat it inuy be fuirly said .tti liave been sUtc willl l lut it will receive Ihe bills of the
suatched front the bimk, and yet require, it to bank in payment'of its revenue. The I'resi-
gopn as above described to keep tip the ope- ,i en i appoints till the revenue officers and eftn-
raliims of commerce, and sustain the value ol | 8t ,, |Uel) ,iy call r emove*tlietn. Beinember, by
pecuniary hivesunents! .How uureasottnbled v i rtue „i this power and by reason of their con-
1 lus is tlie most barefaced uttd slumteless of. nn y wilh rfi C .Treasury Department, which
all the hoKiiliticM waged against the. bijnk.“ j he-contends belongs to his direction, he can
lo -aim ut it* I0(il destruction, to inflict th.e c0 ‘ n 'trbl their will and judgment. According-
bJow mumded to make it reel to tlic carili, untl | ly jfe , Mukt>8 lhe responaibiUty#” and puts the
. 5 “ '* “V** ly He “takes me respouMmiity," anu puis uie
nvlucli has actually staggered it, and then cry ,/ r(Jor to lhein not u , receive these bills either
Thacny to fit a Store.-— Grant Tbnrbnrn
in his AntohiogrMpbv, recently published in'
London, says, that lie commcnct»d thn hnnl--
war** lm<incBM (xrcc, in this city, with about
copiTnl. The goods nmdc no dhow, so
he promml blocks, square mid round, wrap
ped tliPiq in inin lnong^•^■ , ■* ptipor ami tying a
knife nnd fork, scissor'*, mid divers other arti
cles, to them a« specimen), soon tilled his
shelves, anti unde n treat display. Metin-
wliilo he kept-wlint In; could nftlml to buy m a
glass ease, oil his counter, mid never hail w** n “
sion to displace Ids discovered btochs nntd he
whs aide to do it with rtal aoods, bought. and
paid for out of tlie treasured earnings ol Jus
small retail buriuo**—T. Pa\x.r*
The great argument in the case before the
court of Appeals, of S. C. involving the con-
stitntie.nsdity of ihivnew oath of Allegiam c.
nn- rc-i « lud.-i; «>n liu IM iiisl. One of the
court, Jndgc O’Neal was unnvoidlv absent; if
t«•« miIti nn.-liouM t*;d;-» i: will Is* acaio ar-
S ueJ, 4*«y8 the Courier before the full Vctieh ill
!ny next; mid slkaildibcir opinion be adverse,
tlie eti*wlll then bo outlied before tb* 8ti*
ptenieGou^of the United States.
as may annoy, .if.not cripplo 11u:ir operations
f the charter. To tut honest iniml
out yon ougbt to «-) on u» tliontili nothtnp tm.l f()r | ou ,i 8 . or customs, under ftie penulty
bectrdone ! Thu ia a -irart upoti public ore- tbrfeitnfe of office, giving as liis reasons that
dulity, wlnelt ior tlie sake ol good soimtl sense Government directors had convinced him
must bo dishonored; lit .tlie pressure before b , he ln08l -.aamning iitcls" that, the bank
been a considerable re- llllf)r i„ i, n dnutruved (for that was tlie obicetl
referred to, there hud been a considerable re- I „J' lu to bc ( l C8 - lroy e d (Tbr that was tile ohiuet)
duction of discounts, but liothuw compared to bri|lfe neebsto preserve the morale of
that wlnelt the hunk has lately been ccmpeUed lhe f the freedom of the press, and tlie
to make by reason ot die actual withthuwnl ol >... lh _..al«dm tVanhhiun" lie meets
Liwul ol ,i U rity ut- the. eleelive franchise;”, he meets
ten miliums, and the- widdmldmg ull the de- Thfiffm.. l,m enmmh of his onnositc
. . ... “S' [ with few Duanes, but enough of his opposite
p,.Rites since, winch tip tp tins time, is -nearly character.- and the work, is done! This is u
ten in ilium,.- more, bpnh tlmt reditetiou the I and a gross wrong to the bank, pre :
slime report cottbnncst V This mluetton hy L. Uu] “ in p | e with the other, and in its
the bank and its branches, Imji piobtrlily .com- edicts of nu higher injury. Is there auy one
IK'llcti 11 similar rcdliclitlll OH tin* part Ol the I ...annrnil in ithu tbn# uimli sin ntnirnnfinn s.h<iiitd
*_, „ . A .- . prepared to say that such nn usurpation should
» fate, t nst i tut wns, it? proportion to tlie amount | )U)t j )e corrected, because the bank was uncoil
nl their loans in each of those places. ?>ln dangerous,.of inigbt be rccliailered
and tin. alone, tlu- cnmnmtee are f ully peisita- , aiu , Le( ;^ lol ba said g at u0 pj, rt of
(led e. to be Citind the true secret «.f the (ires- c .| mrtt . r gives the President the right thus to
sure winch Has existed, and docs s-.tll exisvop- i nter r e re- with its bills: will sueli objector'sltow
ertmtig liptiti tlu, eoninieieial community.. | tbut ,, ur t„f djechnrter wliiclt gives die Presi-
1 lint tins pressure will continue for some nine l)(;ut ' a riK , lt t0 j b ’yHj' e adl, will, die depositeS?
to*come, the coiniqittcu Itiur; tor tlie expansion J{ u t the worst of all this is, the mischief being
has been so great, that the contraction which June, the Veto power prevent* it fro W being
is now 111 operation,, emmot. to the opinion unJinl£ . mi i,. 8S two-tliirds of the people's ro-
of the connmttoe,, be e(Icci„ally eltecked and presenludves concur in die nieasuroi dtereby
controlled, without a iicetstunj curtailment ot a jt er ing the legislation of the country from
discounts. It -the bank possessed the ability, t h e .simple exercise of the will of a majority,
to sustain itself without curlailwe its discounts. I i|fl aC prJ2p& and coustitmioual practice, •“
this language : “Thun hypocrite,
arst cast out the beam out of thine q.vn eye,
fiinl then ah all* thou see clearly to cast out llie
iiioie-lhit-ofriiy bmfh**rV«*ye.” -
Nittetv nine hundredths of the American
people know nothing- of the extra*irdi iinrv
number of appointments made by the Presf-
lent, and if they, could sec a certain book, w’ell
known by the name of.the “BLUE BOOK,”
they would see, that, through the Post Office
Department alone, he has the disjmsal of thir
ty thousand offices; and many millions of dol
lars. These reach from Maine to Louisiana.
Now, sir, every one must instantly perceive
w'lmt a machine this is, nniL^*rumor does not
lie, never was qi.ie so fnithhmy plied, for cor-
ptjttg the elective franchise, as has been this
si we r fill engine. Z Nay, sir,;itis ’said that it
erst ruined itself at the w*ork, and is ac
tually fulling* under exlmustion.
These arc some of tlie.charges which daily
meet the eye in every paper that issues-from,
the press. That it’is bankrupt, being indebt
ed more than a million of money; anu what is
worse, n part of tlijs was borrowed from banks,
at tlicjimo tlie inKthutioil reported itself in a
flourishing condition ! Aiid it -wou^ • so
have continued to do, but for the fqct of its in
solvency Jiavirig'.bcen reluctantly drawn from
if, by a resolution of Congress* That it is in
the habit of favoring certain contractors to tljc
manifest prejudice of Others, by a concerted
drrafigemeut to have their proposition’s made
low as to ensure their success V ami that it
afterwards made up to them by extra allow-
ice, nnd that too, in cases where no extra
service is performed. This fact is strength-
ued by a rociirfciiceto the “Blue Book,” where
t.w'ill be found'tlmt the extra allowance ex
ceeds t.he original-contract in many eases by
half, by the whole and by double its amount.
That host offices have been established, routes
extended and contracts made, where they
were not needed, merely, for-the purpose of
making political friends, qnd by the iucrcnse
of such unnecessary facilities, the. department
has ruined its'finances, oud now,' to bringrit
within its expenditures; facilities in other quar
ters of long continuance, and absolutely ne
cessary,- arc discontinued to the ruin of con
tractors, and this operation is regulated hy
the political hue * of die 'country, throng!
which they pass. Tim great derangement in
the mails has resulted from a* want of punc
tuality in the department in paying oft con
tractors, itrany of du»m having received no
thiug, for three quarters while favorites,-have
been duly paid. . That the newspapers of tlie.
presses friendly to the ad ministration are duly
und regularly conveyed, while those of an op
positc character ore most shamefully nxis
placed aiid delayed. That Postmasters ure
turned out of office on account of political
opiniona, without a hearing, arid upon secret
information, add this too, l’or the express pur
pose of interfering in State politics, to aid one
larty against another. This sir, is not report,
[ pledge myself to prove this fact before any
committee the House may raise to iuvestigak*
he d apartment. .
There is now going on in the State of Geor
gia one of the most cruel prOscriptidus thatev
er disgraced any count ry—a despotism more
insolent arid intolerable than was ever exer
cised by-the Sublime Porte. Though the
Federal* Government is a representative one’,
and founded expressly for the good of the pco
pie in each Stale# and not for the officers ; yet
towns and villages cannot procure.a Postmas
ter suited to the wishes of a majority of their
citizens, and men. are placed over them by
the. recommendation of political partisans,
living hundreds of miles off. The doctrine of
the department is, as was openly expressed*to
me, that they make removals and appoint
ments without giving reasons for them-r-that
the granting a nearing, to. the accused Post
master is a niattcrof. perfect discretion, and
that they will or will not, as may seem good
to them, accord to-him this inestimable privi
lege, so, dear to liberty, Und so. sacred to our
free institutions. Anu while they hold * this
doctrine, as being, necessary to have agents
connected with the department, disposed to
support and not to thwart its views, they dis
place, them, without giving them an opportu
nity of showing they -have not even violated
their own requirements.
They further 6tate, they will not- retain
Postmastcrs'who interfere in elections, on either
side, and*yet Postmasters are known to meet
to sustain itselfwiriioutci/r7 i ai7i»ig , it8.di8Coi»nt8 r 4 m _ n __. r __
lilt- revenue. Ihtliim due the jirestni Mprbr,l ijflwuThWX""^ power hi 7i
nuplillie collected, nml liicilim-s grniiled tin- Lminoritv, headed bv a popular Chiefftlagis-
ring did nine, (upon thc.principle before {tom- lral vv i lio |, B j| t i u . mura l tbrcc of society, aid,
toil out,) to die eornmcrctal cotnmtimty. mid i( j b , bu J,jn«iiucd energies of. reason and
disbursed again by the Government, without reriimiRtrunce,'cool'd not withstand,
any inconvenience being eansed Uydte ope- T|lese na . gK vicW8 Uio subject, id which
ritliuit. lint Mick oMtfjf. the eoitinultee are j , believe there has not only
weH smtshe.!, die bank dpjs not possess, nor L n ^ SB au al . luu i .assumption ol;
eini ltm )]r(ROUC( i n i id. ^ .* imwct, one Tnliiiitely more dangerous to the
If it C. uld not then, every body sees it j.liberties of; the country than that, connected
it now It has no quarterly revenue coming | . .u* .i.„ J i...„ k ; j t j s lhe u i ust
usurp flie ii)oneycd
abuse- of power
ir the perversion
* , . | • .;t‘ i si■■ . * • • i aiid violation of law arc ouc and the suine
toimHl .acwmmwltiuou without, “ a necessary “ , , tbc , rue ^ rollm , , wh&h
ciu ta.lnient. ’ N, one expects u, not even tho ^ ttighu^arty of Sooti.' so perse-
iidiniiiiRtrntioii itv.lC • , verinaly atiaeked tlie Tariti'system, lathe
n to-wlmt tit? President says; or ratlier | <_i. n....— „„„i„, s
Listei
. , h ■ - ,... -ks, -- • , r call which iuv colleague made upon the State
wlint he is mpde to say, in his jainous mam- | „ n wTtftJilm in Hnmmniinr the
.. . i n i executive deriartuicnt in the reniovaEoi the
mm oner more f.m.woes,” he adds. l, e surely cot,HI out.have perceived
• Hu President \< rtlj bt lt,.\es the bank has a i, lco „ s ^ u .ncy to wltinlt lie would subject
am l ie i-owcr to nrotfuce die WtomUies us Th w f , mvo . bccll s -„ - arduou J sl y
Irtetufs dtrealen. I he hinds Of .dtp Govern- cngaged iu ^ nrrhlg a „ ai „ s t ,|, c abase of power
Thoie iu hut one. uny to hcnvo.n, for the
learned nud iinle:»*ne l.-^-/Jt>/top Taylor.
to the end of
this k flection ht intolerable. ' T* • retain a right
io .the secrets nf tlio bank after*, withdrawing
wliut was the actual consideration lor this
light is an instance of bad faith, tlmt must
shock every mnn*8 sense of honepty.
111. As relates to the Govemmenl. Tlii:
.breach of faith will have a most disastrous
feet ubroudupon tlio character of the Govern
ment. It has'been the peculiar object of the
American institutions,.founded us they are,
upon the representative principle, io establish
a reputation for uiiblemiBhed faith. Sir, i*’
good faith be but n bug laar, if it be nothiu c
but a name, then it is u thing of pastime, ami
unworthy, of regard; but if R be the life mid
-mil of tdl the confidence betweeu nmu atul
man; if it be the very spirit of*honor in a na
tion's character, tben*ii may riot be trilled with.
The violation of this Invaluable principle to
wards the bank will weaken the confident e "t
our own people in the juMhcbs of their Gq-
veruuicnt; but to those abroad who liuve their
imtfiriosc capital flowing through ull the diver
sified channels of enterprize prcsfeuxcd by this
glowing colintr^vstiiniilaiing its induMiy, in
vigorating its confidence, rind increasing itB
wealth, it will Juj n severe shock. ^ A sudden
check will biTgiveri to the circulatiofl of this
ment will not be tramlulatcil, l»y being traus- Q| . Uio Lrigifelatrirc, could not,
ft rr *t- ‘ r "| ,V , "! ,e '/Vr'iT 'it 0 '! Sr soon after itutiieving such a gtoriuns victoi
St. - -**a«
mm be preso(veO.’ r Tlmt is.'if this means I leesons of State R.ghts. _ _
Befiiro I coHclmie, tltere is one ground
nuy thing, which I veryXuucltdoubt, the pub--| .» ----- - ■ « • , •.
J - ' -* .i — w liat 1 eomplanit tigumst the bank, tliut, no doubt,
lie deiKiR'ites will make tip in dancing.Vuui t r,-----.-o~-. -, ... • „ir k
tlicv lii.e iu mrtling rotintl. Now \ylterb are U'onsUWtes the Ir'uiJ and Iront Its . L1 S-
the'dep->»iteK? Iftltev aro not “anniliilated,” whieli I wtslt to notice. 1 lie I rest ell ,
why -b> thev not relieve, (lie distress of the -tnong.other reasons, considers n importmit
’ J 1 ' th? dt*posites “tp preserve the nunty
disappointed..
State banks can not “extend tlteir loans” with
the deposited, how Can lip expect the '.United
States’ Bank to do it witbivt tli6rii ? Robbed
ofjlie deposited, “he verirybelicvod” the bank
bad no power to Uu inLchief. Besides, the
prime agent himself, in selecting (lie depos-*
ite. banks, declared tlmt the bank would
have to curh.il, but he believed tliat tin* Pet
bunks Would extend their discounts arid there-
by counteiriot the effect of such reduction. In
this lie mid his master liaVebeen wofully mis’
taken, mnl herein lies all tlie nibehii f. IVi-
m»os who have rriade such liorrid miscalcula
lions, have surely forfeited all claim to further
confide nee in the nmmigemiiit of-the’public
finances, and the sooner we can get them out
of their hands thd belter for tiio country.
the effiet I can offer no Vigtirr repamtiorl than
lie public expression of my regret. I retract
every thing perwinal either in fact or tenden
cy, and rejoice that when I Have done wrong,
my sense of justice inclines me to redress it;
.neither a dictate of false pride nor a dread of :
deserved reproach shall ever interpose between
the injury of which I have been the ungnord- :
ed cause, nnd the due rctributjpn necessary toi
its full atonement. I do not pretend that Ibis
is a sentiment peculiar to myself; it exists' in
e,very mind to Bmnejextent, and* wioner or
later is apt to exert its jusf control; Sir, the
day may yet come when the present chief
Magistrate shall feel arid own its way. When
he shall have reached the repose of private
life, removed from the temj*eet« of political,
strife—when he shall have ceased to be use
ful to flatterers and sycophants, und standing
upon that critical confine where the time pn«t
of a long life is to lie reviewed in the short
span of that which '19 soon to end; if no other
wrong of which lie'lias been, the author shall
extoit its merited confession, that at least oftho
jnred Duane will wring a repentant sigh.— .
His imagination must wander into the inno
cent family of this abused individual, from
whose.quiet bosom he was reluctantly with
drawn, mid after surveying the nonce which
he has disturbed, the feelings he nas tortured,
the frieuflship with which he lias sported, the
integrity lic|hae distrusted, the independence
he has despised, and above all, that S[>otle9S
reputation his minions have attempted to de*
fame, if his heart shall not obey tlie dictate*
of the generous sentiment Lhave described,’; it
will be wauling, greatlv wanting, in a princi
ple, with which even hfs fame of battle cannot
compare, nnd’will justly reduce the glory of
his military fortunes to an empty pageaut.
UNION CONVENTION.
Preamble and Resolutions; adopted by tho'
Grccncviltc Contention, March 2G, 1834.
Whereas, liberty-of conscience, freedom of
opinion,* and the eujoymeutof equal rights are
the- birthright »f freemen, and the foundation
Of civil liberty ; and the passage of the Mijita-
ry Bill and Test Oath, has violated those sa
cred and unalieiiable rights, making au uncon- -
stitutional und ambiguous Test. Oath the con-,
dilion of holding office under the-State,’and
preventing tlie people attuched to one party
in the State, fron; serving under officers of.
their own choice: For men professing tilt
same principles as ourselves, mid who ac
knowledge uo power bqyqn<l the Constitmio*
and 1 laws of their country,' neither cau or;wilt
take an Oatli of Allegianc«rato the State of
South Carolitiu, which, if proscribed by tht-
Legislature, iu coulorinity with an Ordinance
passed by the Convention at their, session of
March, 1833, mul intended to be explained by
that instrument, is the^acknowledgemerit oft
jkiwer above the Constitution and laws of thfl.
State, anil is regarded by us, os a violation of
the sanctity of oaths already taken, und'obli*'
gntinns already, incurred to preserve, protect*
and defend the Cou^titution of the United
Suites, from which dfcpower can absolve u»*
We regard this attempt to make us violate out
obligations to the United States, os one of c
series of measures, devised to destroy the Gov*
eminent of our country, and to dissolve the
Union of these Stales, ou the existence of
which our liberties depend ; And we believe
it to be our imperative duty, to recommend ta
our constituents to oppore its execution ; buf
by pe'aceable and constitutional means, if they
are permitted to use them ; and only to" resort
to force, to repel forcible attempts to Constrain
them to violate tVieir^acred obligations ty God*,
and their country. We deem too highly of
the character of our fellow, citizens, to believe,
that they will be the willing agents to execute.
such tyjaumcaJ’aeis, or aid in destroying th#
peace uud happiness of tl ie whole coniriiunity
for the gratification of the few. A majority cr
the people of the State took up arms to de
fend their rights, which they thought, hud bee*
invaded, uml to redress grievances they were
taught to hejieve had been inflicted upon them
bv the General Government : With whatius-
oftlie bank ; I have another use lor this sug
gestion ; arid, before I develope iny object, 1
thust- be permitted to express my asionish-
lii,'lit, nay; utter umnzenii in, at the intrepidi
ty of iniiul that could uijvmicp such a charge
iu the luce of such constant mid siriiilar accu
sations iigaiust one of the executive deparh-
uieius. t/m ii be posrible that llie President
is kepiigriorarit bl'ihc repented charges branch
neaiust the INm Ofiiee Department for till
siiine- thi!. - They-may not be true, but yet
they afford tliitTihifructive lessou—liow cau
tious w c shim id bc hi crediting against others
that which we .Would not. wish to be beUevqd
against oursedves. *i>'tliey are true, thenthey
ought’to be corrected ; tit least.It is not unsale
to follow tlio precepts of thut best of books,
in conventions* and public assemblies, for the
avowed purpose of promoting the election of
individuals, whose politics are approved by
the department. When was one of these ev
er turned out of office ?• Will anyone point
nie to tlio case ? Is it reasonable to suppose
that among all the Postmasters of the United
States, none but those in the.opposition inter
meddle with elections 7 No one .believes it.
This is a piece of unmanly deception: the de
partment does notact up tolls own professions,
or else eleven Postmasters, who .met in. a late
convention to make a .President, would be re
moved. ' Let nie be not 'misunderstood; I care
nothing for theirremovnl; ns freemen, let them
meet when and -Where they please, and'moro
especially, vote ns . they think proper; but
awily wilh this affected profession of impartiv
ality. Let tlio department conic out honest
ly, and do not attempt to carry their .tyranni
cal and high-handed measures under the hyp
ocritical cant of rigid equality, . There is no
thing of it. A certain party iti Georgia is about
to feel the’weiglitofthc a<i mil list ration through
this torturing machine# instigated to the unho
ly, work by.* its opponents.* A false charge,
secretly* gotten up hy personal or political en
emies to’the officer, mid conveyed through
Government retainers, insures his removal—
and some recommended favorite takes* the
place. But thanks-to the principles which
that party advocates/, nnd the eternal truths it
maintains, they will he all sufficient to bear it
out even against the unfeeling, despbtispi of
the Post Office establishment. , While liow f -
eveis this work is going on, let (hem not dare
to charge any othcr.institutioh with corrupting
the electivq franchise. History has iio paral
lel to the-undue influence which fills establish
ment has oxertedrin elections, shorn/this ad
ministration came into powef:—and now, Inn
ing exhausted its energies, and literally broken
itself down', in the foul mul dirty ■service* of
every thing but the original design of its ere
atiou, will not die people, if they re organize
it, place it beyond the power of renewing its
ffUBchibfs 7 Sony of my statements 1 know
to bc true; others, likq^hosc against the bank,
arc founded upon report, which 1 shall take
the liberty to believe, if the Department does
not ask, and speedily too, an impartifrlcom-
mitteq to investigate its affairs—and while the
President is asking for it committee to exam
ine the bank, let both investigations becotem-
poroneous,
Mr. Speaker, this is the first fair opportuni
ty that has presented itself, to make Batisfac-
Uon (oT'tcrongs which I believe 1. myself have
columilted, not from malice, for i entertain
that passion against no human being, but
from ah overwrought and incautious zeal, lu
my opposition.to tlie Bunk ou u former'ncca*
sion, I have carefully reviewed joy remarks.,
and find reflections and insinuations which
art* nuw'orthy of me & the cause they weie do :
signed to support. They were calculated tu
w cmudtlie Jeeliiigs ofniany high & houorable
men m'and out ol the Bank, uUU U such hus been
by the General Government: With what jus
tice, then, can they turn their arms upon tfiuf
portion of their fellow citizens, who, animated
by an equal duvotiouto freedom, have resolved
to protect each other in the enjoyment of their
rigbts und liberties, audto resist the execution
of the most mijust and tyrannical Act which
ever disgraced the legislation of a free State?
We deem too highly of their character to be
lieve them capable of being driven to the fatal
extremity of shedding the blood of their broth-*
ren iu such a cause—and w*e should regard
those among tlucm who are so lost to every
sense of honor, and virtue, and inatilyfeeling,
as to follow their lenders to so disgraceful a
conflict, as more slavish than the hireling sol
diers of Russia, who were urged to slaughter
the gallunt poles. ; If tve are destined to the
same fate as that noble people, we -will en
deavor, like them, .to command the sympa
thies of the brave and the free of other and hap
pier countries, by defending aur liberties, to tlio
last. .
We are of opinion, however, that there is a
conservative priuciple in our Government:
U-c believe .that tin independent Judiciary is
the proper resort against unconstitutional le
gislation, and wo still hope that.the laws of
the laud may throw their broad shield over
iis, arid protect us from tyranny and oppres-
Thercfore Resolved, That iu our opiuiou,
every peaceful and constitutional remedy a-
gainst the evils wc suffer ought to be resorte'd
to; and we cherish tlie hope that the judicial
tribunals of the country wdll relieve us from
tlie operations of a legislative act whicir vio
lates our'rights.
Resolved, That wo _wdll recominejud to our
constituents, to elect Candidates qf their own
party; whenever they have tlie power to do
Resolved, That we will recommend to them,
not to serve under any officer who. shall be
appoinUd to command them.
Resolved, That a Committee of five mem- ,
bers be appointed to corresjKiud with a commit- f!
tee of three iu each Regimeut, who will cor
respond with a committee of three ot more int/’
each Beat company.
Resolved, Thai the Commiittccs shall to
gether form a Convention, and whenever re
quired to do so hy the Committee of five, or a
majority of them, who are hereby authorized ? f
tq appoint the time and place of meeting. • A
il —' a
INDIAN AFFAIRS.
It will be seen, on reading tlie following
letter from one of the Cherokee delegation of
Indiaus at Washington, publiKbed in then
Cherokee Phaniix, that “the abominable law
lately passed by the Legislature of Georgia,*
of which we have heretofore spoken in terms
of strong reprobation, muy lead tq a serious
controversy wiilrahe General Government—
since the President says “the Chcrokccs have
a right to live bn the land as long-ns they .
please,” aiul intimates that if the Supreme
Court should m» decide (and it doubtless will
do so, if the question is made before il) he will
see.that its decision is.executed. GoV. Lunr-
Ktx, we believe, is very determined and per
severing in executing the provisions ot tlie
law. and we have no doubt it is a favorite
measure of ltis ; for we know thut one of ids
most fovuritq objects, in coming into the Ex
ecutive chair, was to efiect tiie.enjlgnitum ol*
r.f
Jam