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Uamii.tok,
Suit—.The linlffBiined ineiukrir*
Kigiil» Ayoehtion, Jeuli
Uv-lft ititcrcf? tu itic CntiM nll-pii.-nt
-TLf*awiwi #a?uiu Higl rfiwfiKto'
•sdeP “ -•
] of rebellion or the guiltottrnason. For tho
opinions, mntivps, tout f«cliu;» ql that large
mid liberal portion ofnur puliiical opponents
i „ . frmn nurmvn
irunii'.'m:
•gold i an l ii|i"H this
tttence to noon*; rawm*/'“.".T*/' -
mitted-M rcninrh.d'ritJ lmvp.hc.lrd the 1 charge
<>f Ijj'i&r.'uirc.rinTI delu#iv* J i. ■ a l-j
rwwei .—J...... . _
d’ru.Tiii**! priricinlj.t pf tbo, OokenMMWH* \VllwW
‘vWa. ovarii si auq*t will ..bo a iniflMcnt
• i.T'iit tis ra»t*o » rnmplimicft ou ytmrjwl with i»J
M#h»S vf ibo .A.yocinliou. * ' #
, Truly Ywifs, ike, ' • • '\f * •
Bnbt. Hill, . Hardy Oftwfcird,
Hiram Rend. . Hen).,Hpnry,
- . ]{. Beasley, Gao. Hranbeint,
J, J. Tiimupioii, -John H. Cmllon,
Joseph Hamilton,-.. Jotra-Murph'iy.
J. M. Alrxninl'-r.
:d. J. Wki.i.ihikh, !•>([.
Hamii.tox JunolA.t,JJKSJ. ,
Gr.xrf.rHEV:—fit »m«r to your very bOUU mid
':n|ti;)!i'ii.nl^ry trail for ft ropy of riio.ftiwriHjs I liacT
’llio honor to deliver before ourvncietv, upon the often*
.ion of lie organuwition on 'he 17fh ln't'. permitpto-to
’- xppCf* my complioneo with your wMi. An my sc-
.’iinri;* upon iba occasion lo which yon refer wore for
{fin mwni part cxtoinnoraiiCqun mwI unpremeditated,
idr *n
•fl/iaMo mo lo pira you in nil foapept* M. r-xnct cony,
X have, however, been n* preejm? or tl»n ifepmCt »«*
prCn&U tliuy.bavo nftUo urwu tny rafcjnury will por-
. mil. TlnwfMitonlty «f tnaaw'jp flu timir*o of an
Mchlrer* of ttny anlmnrylongtUi* aubjcci to exion-Mvc,
• 8jtol>«tru*e, *nJ no yarmu» in Jw bdarinr^ M oamlv
jwrccivod, and will furui-li »onu\apology lor tliocrunj
■ 'wt superficial rmtiirp of the ouAflpA' fuiiii/b-d \a\i.~~-
- Wi:hu) thn ’tratffc of preparation, consorted with ihn
■ vwjr enfeebled riiiulitkmofmv.lienUli, in the nhjcnro
of all otlicrcoiisidtsmtioeSymade Itabiiolnlfly impoasl*
.Tie for mo to do anything like hi-lico even to my
. -otVn views of t/w tubjrct. iVrunf ntf> in conclusion,
lonxp^rcM tho^liopo that {fit rlihH fail to efTt'e^nny
ctUsVtii and
.not* tui to understand it, 10 ittform ouirBclveu
hud culiglticn the public utind in rcforcnco to
cerwin-rnattew of great and citiwmg concern*
4on» all—To throw sir. the nghm ol pohucal
iutelUgcnco over the land—to provoke enqiii-
ry—lo fltrous® tlio people ‘ to aij iiivdlitigation
of tbo tnto character of otir Goverumeut^tto
attidy thp hisuifv of its administration-; to ih-
ihsc itilo each-heart an iticrcasptl, ahd.whht is
Wtef, tfdwcriminhtihgjfeal C»r our cotititry 0
ciiltht?, and a patriotic devotion to her hoaor.
it isvir, ht oliort; to wain, tlto 'people'against
the danjrerA* hnil dtsmWont&gca <‘* n creai
Central Coverotnehf, nnControll&h and iropi
its ruiturfi uncontfolloblp,' nntl hy coiitrj'iintig
the Nalioabl sys&m of GpVcrniucnt with our
Federal' RepabUe, t»>hforce npdn thoin a
div
th<
i*.®■/+*%• 1 .. iam,Gcndojncn, Yonw’^c;
? . ! * 91. J. WBM.BPIIN.
It<»licrt tlilli Hardy Cmwfard^
llimiii llcHil, . . llunj. Henry,. .
H. B/'ftnlcy, Gcn.Ornnbc'rry,.
.1. J. Tluimpinn, . Jntin II. Crailiiii't
3»?nph llnmilrii'n, ’ Jolm Murjilicy,
' Ji.ilL Ajoxunil^r,' ' . ’ ■ . . - ' ...
U10 people. AnilTniallyi Mr. Ohalrirran, by
embodying ttie energies'of.lhe.jidvticatOs of
lliow rights, to give iucrea.icd'enilttto itloir o»-
crlions, mill muko tliem.thc tneims of exten*
dbd nsefuhitfss.' Aud liottr mr, do wc-rtrnposo , —... . . .
10 ncwirnpKshttii'S cx.-iltcd dmy of (Vntndlisni ?- lotion,' extensive rrtlde,' find VH3t resources,
•Is it' by witlntrawing‘the supplies of public «utisimilftitty gflIjiwIWPtiWle'dBbt. Bui let
information; to dftniuisli tho ainnnrtt of gnper- us fuHpw.up QW'pfweydA.ol'«'mr Inbnr, whicli
ol lotelliectico ? Is U by putting oot' the
lights nf the Cdnsllrotiim, to involve ourselves
in the darkness of error, and by con|bini)tiriq»
ngainst the lows, to tlrow down .ophiV l onr
heads the guilt of crime'? Sir, hshaabccnjitst
remarked,ttheweryttverse of nil this U true.
Ueccntovents, Mr. Gimirman, in .the history*.
of/Jur Government, have brought afresh to
tho rccoltcclion of - tho -S'late Rights man the
importance'of those principles that have oyer
beon his boast nod pride, hnjl.thnt havo hith
erto cnnstiiuted his creed. Wo nro indeed
wnrnetl ngnin ihat-“lho price of liberty is eter
nal vigilance.” A reenrroneo-to an early'ne-
riod ofihffGovoramcnt, and a brief review of
Mr. CuAf.rtArt^-l'xminoijn justleo.to.jnyi somBdfiwleudinReventsmaytiottietimustrue'.
own fbclitlffU and what p t conceive to be tho/ etahnr*. nm iAnl<»nBvnfulilifefniKiorn»!i
.elnini, of tTiis occusioir,- submit tho. Constitu
tion, I’remnblo and Resolutjoiia ofourcontotn-
f dated. Aisociation to.tho sonSo of this itieot-
bg, without a few remarks ns to tho motives
which have convened us. together, und tljo oh-
jebtof our mutual coniultittion’here, mid at
this time. ’•.Airdatmnga as itmay selutlto oue,;
even the slightest observer of the very respec
table; peaceful and imposing character of this
assemblage, it may not be altogether tinim-
portuiu ’tons, itt view!of tho posture of pulilie
■opinion-upon tho subject and thp nature of the
evouft that' have mnde up tho history of ou.r
flovornmemfor the lust few. years, lo pause,
reflect mid cuuuire, why, and for wliat nro
wo hcroT I ’iienr. it talked of familiarly in.
tlto privata ciryles ofsoeiety, ! see it hlnzmied
fiirtltin somn of die public pritiU-df lUo day,
tlint u poVfion of tlte American popple, tired
ofthe principles of virtuous liberty Itfid drunk
•jvhli the spirit'of |>ulitieii| .liednttoiisness. life
tihw' triailiy beat ujion the dUorgniit/aiilon of
sndMy.miik{he. destruction'of! tltc liur terms of
'iitttr-IVee Government. V’iltihi that •ilescrip-
, Due of persons top, tlto embraceti.' aliko (ici-
’haps ti majority.- of rlmW wfoin I how see
nniutid ms; mi'jhins.wjiaim* tho IvoUorto nd-
ttressyiiu. Ho ntinindotnimtilmo, Mr,‘Clfiilf-
innri.'iis desiring to jnnkq-nn oilimsive nj>-
.tlvo to us liorc. Tito-jealousy and diktrusi of om
present ConsiitUllo.h, or rattier ofWto Goint-n-.
menterehtetl hy it, exhibited by many of the
most zealous &enlightenedfrionds'of Freedom
anil of .Free-'Government, while tho qaasiion
of its adoption and ratification by; the States
whs under discussion, are mattersof plain his
tory.. Among tlrerri not tho least conspicuous
were that illustrious Apoitlc of liberal jirtnci-
I ilcs, JefTarsou. who drew tho Declaration of
mlcpcadcnee, and tliat lion-heur(pd lover of
liberty, Bauick >litirv» Whoi'flrit advocated
that'bold lpotiRuro. , Tho nUtural prodlvity of
the Fedonil Government to consolidation, xyus
thus'early porcoiv'ei) and pointed out by those
who, as the.y had boim the flrst to strikb for
liberty, wero. also the most'wptehful to pro
se rvoit. Dm the yoico that then, proclaimed
the dangers that Ue in. -our' path is .tjo'v lost
upon the- Corrupted depondwits of ottiee ntul
tlte vile vassals of power. In-titb shiirtspneo
of ten years, limvover, the apprehensions tliut
liutl been intpr.ed.jn auxiety wore but. too trU-
aav, »je*'*ft^(tertivPilriy,.oIrays
ntob. lllb pu rfy splyit Vvliieti lifis'.-sb WhgMJ,
.dt Unhappily luviiled.nud fllstracieil Qip'bwn
Slate, pr to provoke necnviitltiajjf nit Htnplciis>.
nut ehiifitcicr in any rpmrier., whatgvtir, •bin
simply lit defence pro nr motives,. to iepel tin
itishU su orten, so’falsely nlid SoIbully oOfcreil
tis. A ile'iiire, 1 repent It, upon the part of
these Of uur fellow'eiliv.eus'wlipni'a suiisC pi
duty iuid of- devotion to 'title ■eouutry’a euitso
has this day collected.together, and whoso In-
t i'll Igeuce find jinlridtlhnil lira proud tit linnor,
so impnlrrhc spirit of fYc'cduin and to destroy
its Terms f—nntl fin; xvliat 1 Amt tiro tVo iit-
dend btlt a law less iriob bf fne.tioits and disap-
■jaiituud OcihagogtieB, who, defeated of tltofw-
Jr'-ftts oTpl'i imwiirtliy mnbitioti by the specesa-
tVjVebilpVl iif imjicrlor merit, Imvo nuu- fivrtual
the wCphons of our wurfuro against the bospnj
of siieiefy, uod are seeking To imsettlp the
ilipudatioiis of one imUthml institutinns, that
tve. tufty . profit perthanee, by ■ tile co/\riijioa'
tvbii-li we liniy cfcjiteX, Are we buf the heart-.
Jess ItyluicriteS lhal forcserTiiiunt the dbor of
'Uiu'public 'Trciwiiry. with,the mcrpetual: cry
ol’,“mt enemy iptfio enraj),’’ that wclnny
witlinl lit tl|o birth of some dUliidgod iuoum-
•bt'ut fold, pur filthy coils nnd 'ncvle in the
warm bed of tho people's \ng.ucyl\ p.r do I
■ rallii-i; -bolioM oh.overy stcle the ind\noifdcut
o;i» fire. . Sir, .wUliOUt'pn lm-
ty verilied i .nml ,
cluiDorousibr power, hvt.wiiolmd bcelvdcfuated
in.tho.FidoraJ 'Convention tltnt 1 Ifametl.tlig
Gunstitiidwt, were ibtmil tn liuvo risen ;lik'e
tho. pllomiix fmiri. Its ashes, wit)i tnorcased
strength. T.'lien *eomo the AU6n and-Soifi-
ti&i-lnw8,-Whioh have been eharartCrizcd by
every vurh'ty irt’ nlmso wlijoli the popular iii-
lUgiutllinv has bcen .uble tri ettggCstond hiil'i
to them, witti oiio ofl>nsWe uieiisure alter, an
'other, until the ihtttipB and -fearless'founder
ol'oiir faith slept forth upon tlw-bVood basis of
truth, tho bold •
pud the virtual.. ...... ....
proper show of vuriily Upon this oCctUilin, wo'
inl»lft upptutlto tlio ltistoryof thepa»t,h\.well
Os touitC. character of this oollccliun oT qrnV fbl*
low- citizonUrto vindicate'mtr motivcs and Itpu-
ihn:t against «n grave a charge. Wo ask i[br
rll'o.putt acted tu the tunes' of our enriy trial
by our Fathers, from whom we claim mi honk — ,—
orable.irnot mi.eXiilted ilesecuk and by many expiring lamp of Fi
-itl'pcnioit of those whose grov, bends have f:i[- the path of the old 1
ien.imilcr the severe relmUo of rebellion against
thp laws of.tho country, and of ireasun lo her
MK .Wore they, Mr. Chh'trtmm, ol'tliosu
witoln-thntmennirnhte: enntentioit..-Ifir; Ktiotiy
mid tho. rights of., the pcoplq .wliich- ifelnr-
ntii)etl otir lUdiipimdcnce,. moanty crtiwled to
tire Ibot of' the. 'l'hrouo,gazeil in liuraciining
aduratidri ,tqAn, tlw -empty sjdeiijlors of tile
crown, and itt the servile .epirit. ef iiolitiaal
idiiiutry cried ottf ;, foiig-. jm (he JStag-,"'nr
wore they of .Ulnae w-liti iit tli-o tnidst ot tlntib't
until, .eonfulout or«IKttglh, they.tam upon
* ' be-.’n tjieif gcocrous ‘ IteuCfac-
-tliOse'tviiltliad....... ..
tops, unkindly, np itu emifcesdons ofelranly as
])rcccJortts cifrightu rtHfl ilctflno'l of. jiiBticti
time wjjicJi * heyjiad xiifUcd ami OCccptcd aa of
.bounty. Ixtitba l-yrjjb ia mbt-l withal, that
tthc statp-pf our li.tituci.-s .atlte close wthe war
wits low iiwl-deiiriisufctb'ffnd'ltici-eased reven
ue Mbps® to be ij&e^toifiatecr. die estgen-
cy of ti licavv. ahlilie ilx!5sr^,-SjlTh'gt.ka*Tlttr
'accoiuplislitmj/tt of.a ctmftsspdly coiisii(aul)fl.s ,
nl anil iiftei/sviry-objeitr, rfifcidenial+prMtcUon
could lir.atfiirded the infhmUo 'mtmuraciurmg
6%tblis*th"rtt< whidn in before remtjrkod,
were ml vuriOQs aecuimtl regarded with indnl-.
gcnce,,' But to proceed—call alter, call • ts
nnido for protection, ns ii is termed,.ahd as ro-
ieate<|ly gratified hy a compliant and actually
ncrctfoitig majority in Coiigi ess. Tlte. South
complains. The manufacturer, however,
trite ta his trade, still hangs on .'with all the
grcedfhesi of.lho -vampire to the withering
veihii.of. tlio uj!cfctiltiir.il Soritli. Tlio- musk
Is niiwithtmvTi off, rind la the, lartguage'of j\lr.
Jeifitrsbn, the Federal Is-gislaiurq “ttmler the
grant ’given to regulate pointhcrce, nssunies
the. pon'or overngricuhurc and rriaoiifiutlures
atulcalls Uregu/ulipn, toO, to tako tlio earnings
of one o/ those foranclnis oCindustry, add tiiaf
■thPinoStdejireptieil, and put it into the pockets,
of anotlior, tha uxo’it flourishing of all.” And
W-habsir, do syoHad in : .iho coadUidu.'uf tire
country callingmit-dus mormons and extrav
agant t(iur.of taxation;. Are ifsonergies with-
tuitigrlioiienHr--tby^Birn5;'ihHneiicn of an
ini|Wcsiivo pobUu.Uurdbti i. J So-, nt tho vnry
tpiru that tho-dnllcs ttpoiVthe various nrtielcs
ofouf cnmmerctiwaroartiMiged widt reforeiice
ti) actual s|)uihilalion, nod hpon antncdfUieinto
ttbwijuto prohibition, 1 wb pfcsetited. tlte rare
and cxtmohHomy sjuxitnclb pf n heavy popu-
■were thbt perverted from their natural mid
most'profltabIe-chflttnels,by die strong aim of
legislation, and rnatk^heir epplication. Were
tliey diroeuwb ttf Ulb .extinguishment of opr;
coimilnn debt I TD iborfAw thc language nf
Mr, Jcftersoti ngnini'thmdtif tliR power to es
tablish pn*.roads, -lhey^lhe r Federal Legisla
ture)’ cluitn nlso tlio- power-of cutting down
mountains, (hr the construction of roads, of
digging canals^ and bided by a little styplufetry
on tho words “general wcJtiire," p fight to do,
mit ogiy flid .'nbtif (ni-rtlpct- tllfit) wltlcli arc
s(Ieciticany cifuigcratod or 'perniiuod; hut
wliawocvi-r they tiuM thinfe'or pretend will lie
for tho generah ivelfafp;-' Gmtiitlirrentiy witlv,
nndof-khi to-Utoprattsctisio-syurem then-fwr
fiuil.a partial, citpenstVu and splendid scheme
oflnlontal linproveitients set on fotit, Which
scrvediiigcnioiinly'to'drmu the public Trens-
tiry of the ciratihuairiccuinubtlions thatdlowod
into it from the othor^ ■ By .their eoojoint op-
ermioti, into uorthin of birr country wuni irioilc
tho viLSsahtributury-io.-miothor,tint! the vaults
of the publie Treasury wore but tho. great
thprougltfare through whlob'tlip »rod[iice of
tho agricultural- Suites was forced into other
did) rWnotp regions'«f onr conlfct|erady.*—
Against Uibso repeated and cnmnUifivo nctsof
invasion upon, the rights pf the South, 'add
tbo .most ob vious principles of natural just tee,
the various expedients nf Legislative lle-
sqfvcs.I’rbtosts.’Free Trade Cdny‘ciilionp, - '&c.
were successively.tried rind silecoisivoly- failed,
limit a- sister Stilts; nXinWotl- to mi opprcs-:
sivo point of tlio operaiion dfllto tihnoxlolie
’policy, arid iitlpelletl forward by it natural ar-
.uor oVtpidperamdnt,.tiirew down Tho gauntlet
of delimico-ngaiiistlhefuither enfiircemont of
a protectivo Taritrwiflthi.bcr limits, and bold*
ly plutited (he bturrlSrii of Strife iutcrjiiisiiion
upmi the borders of (ter territory. • An inyes-
tigatiou Of the Correbtuesb or ineoiTCctncss of
CatoUnn’s chfiro 1 cdristriictitiii iifitl.ip';Kcsolu-
tiiibs of'1)3 und ’!)Q, tlio propiftty or impre*
VS
having no common jailge. cacli party has -an
equal right to judge for itself,- as'wcll of in
fractions as of The mode and measure of^re-
dresi.” The Virginia Resolutions arc lo-titi.
etK-ct. 'Vl'IiatthisAssembly dutli cxplieitiy arid
peremptorily declare, that it \ lews tire powers
of liio F.:Jeriil;Go'vcriunem ayrcVultiiig from
.tlio compact to wiitcli ilte Stutesare parties, ns
limited by the plain Stnse and intention of
.tharln'striiliie'nt coitatitittlng llint cdmpaet, as
m'rtotVic/.vgii.f tliuu they.arc.Bufhulriced by
tjio'grauts cnjiineratcd. Itv-tWi. eomiiacl. and
:tijnt lnetiso.ofa'de.Ubcralc, palpable anudoei 1
gorous exercise of utber power# not granttxl by
the said compact, tire States, wlio'uro.particx.
havo the right, und are'in duly bound to.lrtlo'rr
poscfiir riJWstitig tlio' progress off lie evil ami
of maintaining, within their respective limits
tbo authorities,rights and liberties appertain
ing to them.” Wo have here -tlfO folldwhlg
distinct and well' dcflricil propositions,' viz:
tliat the cquyitijtitm oftho United States is a
“'compact,"i-thnt'H i3.a compact among- tho
tevefal Staten. Tirol to this cdrijpuct {uc/t
{Kate ricceeded nsa StrajjfM. ns un integral
party.Tirol tlic’iisriie* to tills compact, to
Xvil,.the States, irave uo common judge—and
that therefore lit this case, ns well ns in hll
oiliers among piirUits haviug no common
judge, eaeii parly, that is, oacli Stale, has- un
cipial right in. judge for itself as well ..of infrac
tions hs.oflfio mode and measure of redress.
They n'ste.rf lit ptticr wonts the seperateness nf
llje Htii&iflU pbilUcrilcdmuinhities, Urelr sev
eralty an parlies to-Uie' constitution, which is
(lie eunipuet oPthnir union,'their equality uii-
tlcMlint-compact anil the ;qoriscqrient riglti ‘of
ericUio judge .ftir.jtselfof Uio'riatorCTirid at-
tcnt.of tlidty compact,- rind Tlijf. rightmlsb to
act upon snelt'judgomnt, Let tts itow. ud-
wcrttu'tho sentiments advanced Vy the Presi-
dent'in thp.oiitsqi ofiiis present fugli oJHcial
c.ifefcr, imd 'ndtich coristitiilcd the basis of his
oucotruly .great anil nCltnowiedgcd'populari
ty wifii thb Stutu Rights man - ,, but Which he
-lias' lately-forfeited. 1 , To'coiumpnee then Willi
.hisTuuugurril Aiblress, delivered nt tlio time
df his iusttilmctit into offiee, hosay6j "in such
measures as I shkll be ctdlcd njiott to pur.iuc
in regard to the rights’of tltu soperato. Stntem I
hope to dm nriiniat'dtl by it proper respect tor
tliqse sovereign irteiribers of bur Union; jg-
. king care «dt to confotiild tile (lowers reserved
^ eKpbtraUer jOf.-tbe jnst olinrae-
ler.Qf our coi«iitution, tho ttiaWy opposer uf
tbo'mimopbliziug.tnoreb'of the federal Gov-
eramorit, und 'tiio uuUmcUiug defender of the
rights -of- tiie States and of rim poopis. His
ablii nimiiiceto .of the true theory ofonrGov-
entnjeut will, not bo> misunderstood.fur ony
thing else tlmii tlie ealebratetl.Kentucky arid
Virgiiiiu'Resolulions of 1708 rind 1799,-which
have ririoe riiai interesting crisis of-mir nlfiiirs
stood tho COrtfcMed creed ( and- rall3 - iug.(Kiint
of tho RepabtipaK Pafty of iliepubnlry. But
have, A|r; Chairman, dhl thb-Libluririd-ortho*
dox expression-of the right* of tho’ Stplts arid
of thcic'riTnllon ( to : odcJt ^oilier Under the new
compactoi’thcirUnion, atriko-ujiantho proud
incumbents of olftcc and the wild syeoplmnis
that forovor-reVolvo atotmtl the centre of pow
er ? The quaint cry oTdisnuiou !. rebellion!
ire Wpj $J|.dpori the'sttir tied caTyWnft.upoD
oyciyCbfr.jjT; nod s«>olfilie.njr, Tho people
nqwovcr Jh(oholtl ofthe liiglHiul ahd extriiv;
itgmit dogmas of tlio old whip, look cautiously
into their true eharneter atid' tt'ndcmey, anil
comparing .the tnqnly propn'niniis-'of Liberty
with tho ttmlquated toVms of Fcili>mUsrtt, turn
upon tire, usurpers oftjui people's rights, lash
oat the money changers trout' thp-temple of
liberty and pronitly' plaeo him Who had been
disuruonist—rebel-rirattor—at tho head--of
that Government wlttoh ' hot had rescued and
restored.'. Trtlb, fomc'ihtshcs of tire from tlte
' "''nlbraltsm Mitred stress
.. . , . ... Frittwr, and'snmo'; rude
scenes clrequqr iho enrcOrV his Administra
tion j. but. jbe confidence tif tbri ‘pwqdo in
creased withtKoir OxnariOMoVt; itiaiouysrltv,
aildKoTiasTcU in bis•bfo'tnid'hisibry the ttd-
tnttted stamhtrd orfii|iublicmi fSwteaud politic
cal orthodoxy;, Tilings .thus — ■'*
und of dismay, .'manfully spok.i out tl|c iin'x-
rule of Royalty, mid boldly wrote the doc-
trincs of Lihcrty upon the brctatplutc or the
wturior ? \V<*r« they of tltoso- who? when the
Itaiutatsoldiery of on lufauiaicd Foreign.Po-
teiitm.o were poured upon tlio pcneefttl plains
oFottr Forefatliepsi basely betrnved tlio tdlegi-
orieu duo to their own soil,., hislted into the’
ranks of the proml oppressors, and fought
agalust freedom mul their mvn tin-side.-,! ur
Wen-, they rathgrnf.tUoso who when allscemud
I’ftHrOtl nnit .forbidding,! nnd tho darkness of
despotism .hung in Heavy fotilj over the hopes
of l*«lrioti*m, stiU.auggcd hi tlio onr of Free-
(tom,, arid fought their way through tlte storm
rirel J® tempest into the sunshiuo. of liberty
and mdepflidence., Let the history of the
rimrs^tw-tlie-iurta-er. Still later scenes too,
that have martitrd tho preerera Of onr Govcrn-
p! 0 ,'; *vn¥y- breve the devotion of the State
S»«tt and etscutiul'ioinci-
S5S@W«!S:2RssaB
however disamcetul.or ot auy expense of our
mtdvmaudmg, however Immiliating. - Anv
thing, Mr, Chairman, sooner than the blood
herself—the aspect )f pupUc optaton titrougll;
oiit the ecnfederacy—and tlie. probability or.
improbuhitity of a ctmflict with-tlio nutliori-
tlc3 of dto Geucral Government, would re,
tjiiitc means, were I Otherwise capable of du-
ing justice to so grave, n subject, not now ul
my tlispasal—time W)iloh n proper respect Ibr
tlio rights of others present ori this .occasion
wilt not permit nio to conSniVtu,' mid witlml
rimeb more oCmrengtlitlinnl now possess,—
.Instructive and interesting- toil jis iiiigtit lie
tlio pnqtniiy, if wmdd iriive.buVa remoto fteor-
ii4 upon fbo immcdia(o objects that lie befote
ns. Wo propnso howover to bestow some re-
flectinn upon .tho rixtcsifimiary |»roctedt»ro of
ohr Chief Mngisutito & a majority of (ho fed-
etSsiieglslattiro toSvatd? asrivereigtiniemb'cr of
tlte erinfederaiy, aetirig in her ..highest politi
cal-capacity, u primal couvemion- bT'lieV
people, lit thc.qougtruciioriof a riepinpnet" to
wlijt-li ‘‘s)to Acceded qs a Slate, aild. us an iu-
tegrol jiarty i" .atnoijg the parties .to which
there _“iq no conmion judge,”' arid in tho'con-
Btrfietion ofwlijclidJierefotd “eadf' party lias
iiu'e<|Untright to judge lor Itself, its well of in-
fructidus-as of the. mode tuul mpttstufl'; of. 're
drew." A member of our cimfodirracy loo who
logeth'er whit the whole Spntll, had by the of
fensive measure sritiercil nmelraiuV’ suffered
long, .of whose attachment to the honour of
the country, to say the iyast of itf op to tho
time of.her ordlftance nothing disrespectful
couM bo Raid, pud whose delci niiimtiou to re-
sibt the' aggression Imd been olten, reucalcd-
ty. 'nnd prospeetiysly prool'nimcd... Aitd as
the foundation of lire mensute bdopted to ef
fect l|ur subjugntiou to tiio Fctletal Goyorp-
ment, the Fxceinivc-protdaniati'on of tho lUth
of Dcecmber 1832,'uttered .(iir. the first, time
from (lie iijtst ol'ltipi .wjio laut been the .hope
'ifithe Demooney of (ftp coudii-y, the' strong
est ami riiOKt'uui|uaUlicd. ilcorinctations of the
doctrines of tho Rcptiblicnh' I'ai ty,' for ids
-a j- -* ‘'" ’' Im lmd been by
be highest, otfice
tliat iiatltftrisctnh-. built up tiio p:ut!t\m-wull
tlmlhas ever divided our emlutry, oAl still'
imprints, upon -the (inges of it's 'jiUtoiV'die
marks mul traces of .patty vitjteucu. -Tffiio
Republican I’arty*, true to their lofty sent* nf
liberty, array threnselvds itt.the - t-uiiso of ti
country, vindicate ltqr honor, ntid the rights
tho people—the. other apd t'cdcfill-Party b_.
tray her banner in tlio hour of need, nod court
her defeat anti dirgrace. But tlte war is closed
in recogniiion of tiro cause oud Claims of our
Govorument. Ia tha mean timo a dense pop-,
ulatjou, inferior agricultural . resources, and
tlio imerruptioasof our trade'bV tho late war
hnd laid the jbrindatihn of Amerieaa'Maitu-
faetbrics in ri "given section ef our country—
ilicso young, uuil as yet K-ublo' iusfitutiuus,-
prescut lliemsel vcs. under t-irctunsinacex'etm-
sututing a forcible.,appeal tor the-llUcralltvN.r
the American people.-. Many tven-X)f those
who.-liavo' since suficred so. much from the
(irotcCUx-o system to which they give-rise,
wore inclined lo regard them withiridulgcnce,
tmq ino South hcreelfi truo -io Uie 'jreuerona
iinpulso Of her lutt'uri 1 ', with, some doubt arid
division of sentiment, contributedito n slight
cmlowjintm of them and voted tq their, cucour-
rieement a [Minion of,an atlmittctl gratuity.'
1 hey, however, assume firmer footing and
take Oil stronger forms,. Friends flock ia to
share their prosperity, and number* increase,
high-Jtouei) Federal .pajipr, tho.A’rcsidcnt.is
pleased to' furnish us-witlrlils views bf ili’o
origin nndnaturn of our Government, and of
(ho relations : occupicd by tlie .Fcdcnd and
State GdvemincntMbc ondto the.iulier—and
as' a fnjittyr of curious. ns well ,os. instructive
enquiry, wo shall proceed to coniparo sopie of,
its unifies with tbo JivoBtucky and! Virginia
Resolutions, adopted u'tbe-bnsisof our.l'uidi,
anil nlsp witlitiie principles previously avowed
re himself. To proceed then, tije -Kentucky
\esolutions affirm "that tlio several states
tHt|iosjnftihe United States of! America are
tiqteunitcd on tho |>ttncr(ile of unlimited sub
mission to their General" Govern meut, but
that hy compncniudcr tlio qtyl.e mid title of a
constitution faf-tbp'-Uritttsl States, nud of
amendftierits tlicrett>, jtliey cohslittUea Gener
al GovpntuiciA ^jf special purposes, defegated
to.that GoyernmcnJ, certain definite '(Kiwers,
risierving caclt to itself ,t|to reVi'dmtry mass if
right to their own self .government, mid. that
whensoever tlioGeuortuGovorOtncDt usstmies
nudclegnted. nowere, its ricii Are uuaulhorita-
tive,- void ami of no force—anti tlmt to this
compact each State acceded as a State arid as
uu ititogral party ; tliat this Government is
lint ni.add the exclusive ur fi ia! judge of the
extent or its own powers, .■ trice that would
make its discretion, pud toi rije consti
tution, the measure of its pow Lies’; but that us
in till other cases of compac aiming [ainies
• V ' ' ’ '
to, ihcaioiftyes With those - granted to tlte cott-
federacy.i' ' In- bis first animal message he
says,'“the task devolves ou mc, under- a prox
vision ofthe ciuristliutiori, lo present to you as
the' Feilornl Legislature of tiVenty four■ sover
eign States, atiil. twelve millions of happy
people, n view af 'oflr 'pfiuirs.’’ Arid again, m
the'same paper, “.1. cannot tliereftire; trio
strongly or loo earnestly for my ojvri_ sense of
its importance, warn you'against allehcroach-
tnnnts upon thd legitimate sphere "of State
sovereignty—sustained by .its liealthful aup
invigorating’inlleenco, tho Fedornl system
c'aitrievcr tail.” In bis s'ecoaU..iumnal mek-
sttge hemroeeeds : “Tbo successful operation
of the FedcraTsystcm can -only be preserved
by confining’ it to the few arid simple, but .yet
importum objects liu' which U was tiosigued—
a dillcrent practice,.if allowed'-.-to progress,
would ultimately change the character qf this
Government, by. cons'otidatidg.into oue the
the .Federal mid State Goverririients, which
were jutended to bo kept forever distinct.*’Aud
hgaiu "I shall, endeavor. (c pvOld a repetition
or.wliat'hris already been urgcjl, (ho impor
tance of sustaining tlio State Sovereignties,
sq ihr. a* is consistent witli the rightful action
of (lie Federal Giiyorntnem; and of presor-
virig tlri) -greatest' iiarmaay between thein,’’
Agtun. *‘lf we*m-e' projp'erqiis at hohioHtid
respfcelod uliroai.1,. it is bceiitise tee-nro free,
uiittud, and obedfciit (o tho' .laws—while we
corttinUirso. iife slutU by thoblcssing of Hcav-
eirgo on iri the happy career, woitavobegun,
ami Whioti 1ms brought ris in .the short period
of.iittr. politienl- existence-,-from a popntaiioD"
of.l|u-oc, to thiripen tnijljpns j fibm -thu'leen
sepcrale ColpiiicsfpXiyeaiy four UitireJ Suites/ 1 .
tiiliis iiiessrigc comritning the veto-oh tho
Bank of the; United States, Jidy, 1832, he
holds tho 'Iblh'lvirig' itutguage-'j “ nor is our
Govcrmhont'tti ho .Viaimmit;,l,.or-our Uuieu
prest-rvetl, by! invasionsoftha'i-iglMs and pow
ers ottlio scvcrat-Slalcs, In tlins wtempting
to mako tntr General Goverumettt. strong, we
may make it wetjk,. 'I(s sTrongtl[.Corisi»U in
leaving ipdivMhwfe out). Sudc's.'qs mticlt as
possible to thciHs'elvtfs, in' making, itself, tell
nm in its power but itt-its tmileciiqn.' hotja
hiluliug.tfio Slates more ,closely to lho centre,
bill leaving tlicai io piovo unrestricted in their
orbit. 1 Uxperiencq should toadr us .wisdom.
Most of tiie diillcuitlcs om- Government now
cncauntcrs, rind raost-of lhc. dangers, that now
impend ovor our .union, lmvp-.spvii.ng from an
ali-iptluumcnt of tho logitunatoobibgls orGov-
ernthefttby our National Governrnrut," &c.
In his message of-Debctoh'er;*32, mid ojjjy.a
fow days beliiro the’date ofliis Proclamation,
ho ngatn repeats; among-otltor things, eohli-
menta so olten ntul so • properly expressed bo-
foro—‘‘we should .constantly bear in tui rid the
fuel, tlmt iho ebusiderations which induced
the frarrfri-s of the Gonstittilinn to withhold
frtim tho General Govornmcrit tJjo pOtver to
regnlaio t)io grfent h(u4 pfftfe bnsiriess.arid
eoneems ofthe'|ieoiilo‘, Ijave been fully, justi
fied hy oxporicnfco." - Again: '‘limited to n get}-
cml siiperintendiiig power to 'maintain peace
ut home and abroad, uud io prescribe laws tin
u few subjects orgeueral interest, not calcula
ted to restrain h.utmlli liberty, but U> 'enforco-
human riglHs, die Government will find its
strength and its,glory in.lhoTuithrut discharge
of these plain and Simple duties. ,Ueiiovod
by its protect itig silicic) from- the' teat" of war
and tlio Apprehension's of oppression;llie freo
enterprise of ourciliiseris, .aided.by the. Slate
Sovereignties, will work out.improveinents
and amelioraliotls which cannot fqU'to deinon-
stratc thtif tho great truth, tlinf the people can
govern themselves, is not only realized in our
examplo, but that it is dono by. n machinery,
in government so simple aud so ecpaohiiciil as
not to be felt.” . These few extracts' will serve
to illustrate liis formfcr recognition of iho doc
trines for which we How. contend, and 'which
are in perfect lianqony With the .views token
of onr Govofnmeut, Fedurnl arid Slate, hy. the
Kentucky noil Virginia. Resolutions.. For
although it is-true that the President , hajl no
oeeusion .to express hia opinions of the rights
and j n'nvtrs Of tbe fjtaies, as tliey refer to tlio
construction ofthe cuinpnct of their .Union, or
in oilier wonts the constitution, and the repul
sion- of all violations of die runkliluticra that
tulglit ba Hjteui|iled by ih« Federal fliivem-
ment, yet ho has placed the .two departments
of our Government, tho State and Federal,
upon a basis from whichtlmsa rights arid pow
ers, as cOntcndcd Tor by ns,.are rioCcSumry. and
inevitable inferences. Let it bo admitted, os,
ho hitnself lias asserted, tlmt the States arc
“eepeinto”—thntxhr.se “s^perate States”.' are
“sovereign tocnibore of'our! Union”—that
tho Federal Legislature is'the Legislature of
"Tweuly ibur; sovereign States”—that'the
Suites are -“Slnta' sovereignties”—that the
Fedbral GoVerimient is ii Goreniittout farined
by these “soyeralgnlieV.' and “limited to u
lew plain arid simple'-objects"—I.-say,'Sir.
Chairman, lot these ibings be admittod—raid
withal lot it bbmhtiiucj that the fphn'of oiir
union is a“Fedoj:al" oue—that onr General
Government,'is a ■‘coufcrteracy,” aod a am-
fedentcy too composed of “Twenty tear sov
ereign States,'';(all of.which,.tt.before.-re
marked. lias booij'assertbd by him in *o many
woni») and the right of judging by thusc sove
reign's of tlteit-compact of union—the - ' terms ot
I! 11- i c <:o 11 (i-deraey —yea si r, and of tjtting tho
n-ira iliat jiiiigeirieut. will necessarily attaeli
■/< incidental to And i'uTuct a part of their sov
ereign:/. 'Fhc i'cperate existence of the stales,
their srirereiga/y.'aiuf tbcir. ttee rally a-uarlits
to tile constitution, Which, forms the I edcral
iii the Kentucky and-\ trgima
• RcsoUitiotU, vKFTradpteajhf^VfJJi^lffiiari
enutd-Tiglw tojaiige ffif itself aj.well of intffiB*
done ns pf.the jirotte rittil mensarerif reilresf.
.The.President would scbm to bo conscious ol
this, fronf the caro tvitli whichllo proceeds ni
His Pjoctumaliofi to deny and dUbvowffio po
sitions formerly laid down soTcpeatedly and
plainly by liimsolfijOs-nbovo quoted. We
now re-fcr to .Uis. late views of our Govcrn-
riidrit; to enquire Whether.or not he hast beon
truo to his old principles. In ins Pi'oelhma-,
lion sn often referred to,'in bis zeal to sup
press tiie opposition of n sister State to g
tncnsufc ofwhich'he himself had advocated a
modification', for the purpose doubtless of set
ting lho error of h'ef conduct in a strong liglit,
and to justify tlte rmtirso adopted towards h°r
expressly umlcr his dietnlipn, and carried out
in tlte FocctiBill, ho atlirms amotlgother ox-
trayugant rit.ulTmd-repnblicnii (iroposiupus,
that llie Stntes'of Which (lie cotilederacy is
forrited had rifiVer had a aeperdtt existence—
for that “ in ohf coloriinl 3taip; allltough tin
pendent on another poivor, Wo enriy consul
erad ourselves «sconnected bycommon lrtter-
qst wilh'.each other; loagucs were Tormod lor
eotrimondefence,apd biforfilhe Declaration
of Independence wero known in our aggre
gate charaatet as tlio united- colonies of Aincr-
ea.” -Wo propose now to oppnso just l-.erp
uis own word-*, used o.u another occasion only
a few moniiis bofiito. '.•'VVliile we continue
so, wo shall*bv the Idessitigqf Heaven, goon
inilio happy career we have begun and which-
lias brought us iri-tho short period of our' pn-
iltidal.cxlst.Tiico from a^ngttlntiun of three to
thirteen millions; ft-ftfethirfeenseparatecfljo-
tliesio twenty four UnijieASlates." Again to
the satflo (mint ho proceeds. “Wo declared
dttrr.elver, a nation by a joiut not by sovtotu.
pels.” Mr. Chairman we never declared OQr-
selvesa ao/tow by any act, eidior joint, orsiiv-
ernt. VVo declared ourselves ‘.‘free auit iudos
pendent States." This declaration, it istrito,
was made by ail the Slates at the same tini'e,
fin-, the simple reason that any ime,"or less
llia’a the-Whttlo number, would have bcori too-
weak! to have achieved liberty. . Hquco ap
association of .them all was formed ta accom-.
plislithe iudcpendunco of eaelr, aud a declara
tion to tlirit efiect was madq. Again, for the
purpose of disproving tlio right of a state toso-
eede front .the Union;-after,’liaviiig!demoHshed
the right of interposition, iio follows tip - the
idea,' “the unity of pur pollticril character (as
has been shown for anotlicr purpose), com-'
menced with its very existencf.—under tho
Royal Government wo had no seporate char
acter—our opposition lo its oppressions began
ns united colonies.. In none of these stages did
Wo consider qurselvcB in any other liglit than
as forming one nation." Again,; “id say tliat
ahy slate may secede at pleasure from the tin-*
ion; is to say tliat the United States are riot' a
nation, becuoso it would be i). solecism to eori-
teiid lliat any purt-of.n nation might dissolve
iLs eonricctioh: with die other, parts.” I stop
now to enquire hgtiiti fiir ti^e, “thirteen neper,
aie coioniesf": “the .tWcrify ; fmtr $oycreigri
I- do n.)t tilink thtif rrtfttirms eorrcetly tind-.y .
stood byforolgut' rs - ' They gcticraliyatipp/,-,;
the fliriurr sehonlinn/e to the lutfer. But this
is riot the enst. . They ire cq-ojdinate dcpari.
merits of 000’ bimpte apd integral one. 1 *—
■ 1 l ., VTtt.’T
m
m
Grtvefnniciits t v I
here Air. Jeflfersou in ihc .conclu9ron m Ins let •
ter, adverts' to a 'tfitoictilty often* urged, and
fvith great |7laus»lriniy.iiK». t<itfi^ tbcoryiof-thd
tSbvcrnmcnt:aclYatice«V by* him m. ihe.litthr
'. ..i::.' n^—UIiLuto * *IM»a AK'irHinQ,,
p tiiecoto-*--
iaet of the GotTStifulinn* a# a; ytato.and.ns
ntegrpl party,’ and there oeing no common
judge, each party.Itas an jtquai right to judge;
as well of infractions as oftho tnotjo and measr
tiro ofredress, how nro the dilTcrcoces of opin
ion that must inevitably occur in theconstruc :
lion of the constHation'to'bo reconciled .or itc-
coiriinodated ? llow.are eoirilicla to be- avoid
ed I: T Mr, JciTerstm cotiid not be insenslblq.to
an embarrassment so obvious. He supposes
Mr. Cartwright to raise the- enquiry,-and ri-
dopts tho following mdde of answeringjit.—*
But you may nsjj, if'tlio two doparttricnta
should clairii tiie earo’o subjeetofpower, Where
is tho common umpire to decido ultimately be
tween them ?'' (A Force Bill Mr. ClinirnrariJ)
".In cases of little importance or urgency, tiie
prudence oji both parties- will kcep .tliem aloof
fromThiijjnicisiiortable ground. But if it criti
ncithefciiyivoiiled nor compromised, acor.rc/t-
tion of tm Stales must he called, to ascribe the
doubtful power lo that.dcpai tmeat whteti. mt-y
thihk best.'* Criu jflte- tWrig be plahw: jwr
And yet Mr, Chafe:*,’tk#.Free'idoot tells HIA#
is d State E/jnts roan—and tlic'iTjvarn— '"ft-A-i,"TC---*“Wl
Pro'elr.Toeilor. and Ib'rcq.Bill.Tell us too jk * -
’arc State Rights men.’ And. what js. sti!
remarkable, almost nil parties
being Jefibrsonian Rcimblicaoi
for tho advocacy of socli luiobiple, .
tempted in'Bomo dogroc' on this ocearioa-
irate, as being,those thus, tentiroto »ur I
is sir, for oppo'sing.tha Prdtfl*matioii whif -
tains directly- iit'.th#lee*h^)f.th« Kontuel
Virginia ResohidvaB. “
oxpress declarations.,
flat denial of tho Boviref
c cry sensible auribnujq
but ovoii. their soparatq
which withdraws from tl
nil check . and restraint
Sthtes over its usurpations,
opprc3sivo—nnd;W)uoh vre
plain Substitution im-mtoav 1
of Govorninonh .Without-' 1 - 1 -
ipumuiicatibits'ti ...
ted with a studied; .pride, '. All lost—sub-
merged—arid swuHowgd updn "tlte unity of ft
nation,■*.’ Is it jiussiliie-tliat the I'rcsiilentcmi-
not distlngnikliibetWeen the Union ofthe Stairs
for n .fe w simple objects, in tho forrff of a yon -
fcderncy, and tlie.coriyeraui.n ofteU'.tbe people
.of all thp Stotesinioope people. “The States
sevpralty hai-p irot roiahiod their britlro sover
eignty,” And ydfwe herif him speak of the
•“tweirty fopr.sovereign Bmtcs,’’ rind tlje.stote
«uverpigiitic.i,”.widtotttrc8crvo ernptriificniion.
The- '-State sovereignties toq uiul<jr; the't'qtii-
pact of tho consfitmioa.jll.ave. lost tho riliogir
, nhee raf tlleir citizens. ‘/The •aUegliinco of
their citizens was transferred in the firstiri-
ntanco lo tlio Government of the U. Siiitfcs.”
'Itstrikcs mo;:Mr. C Imiitnari,' asn-iflosuemqrk
able .inversion oftlic usual order dif'lhings.
to sity-the least Of It, that,tlte allegiance' of .the
citizens of t]ie sovereign partirs to ’-t 1 sc-caitif
pact ofUniou' sliqritdb'e tranaferred fronrithe
parties themselves and vc5t In their compact.
Tlio tnpmbors pf this-ertnfedelrncy.teo, with all
the boasiod.sovercigiUy which has- been stref-
ten nscrilicii to them; have no pscuh'ar R’crirer
senltuion iu Congress. ‘‘Tljp Rojaec'oritativfes
ofthe Federal Legislature, when chose'ninrc
riot the reiiresetitnlivcs of-ftio' pafttealtlr gtato
from which they .biimrif rierr acriouritablp tri R
for any (jet done in the peribrmarice of its-Lo-
gislarivo furtctionB.” • The States tpay riot
judge of the-compact Of their- htlloit, nor pro
nounce .upon tlio Violniinns of its torms tlmt
mriy lie crimniittcd, If th'e.nctsor the Federal
GovornmetuTie regulated hy a prailer regard
for the limitations imposed'- upon it bv the
Constitution, they nrevrilid—ifihev* transcend
tbeso limitations thoy'nfo cmtni1y’o1iligatoiy. :
Tiie General Government, although in theory
one pf litnitaiums, vet being otsplf ilie -firiit
jndgexif the extent of its-mVn powers; and tho
Slnteglmviug no jmwertq chcek'of restrain its
action, it is oiivious that for all practical- and
nvAdnJiic purposes " its discretion, and nottbe
cotisfitittiqri, isThc measure of its powers.”
However flngWtht then may be the - nssump-
tion,s of power upon the part of the Federal
Government—-however open tfnil obvious
may . be. its intrusious upon tlio ■ teritimnto.
sphere of the state Governments—ehorildtho
Federal LogieTntnre oven go the extravfigant
length of imposing a direct * ax upon die poo-
Itcnc* .it*
eral 6MMAr.i
XvrainMe. by the
*.<##;
orial systcia
■for
our simple and Federal Republic. .-It la*fr,.by
tho,jvariafo Whicli: wo wage ngainst. lho odioiri;
moasurethnt followed in Us train; a measure that
obliteVatoB in maotic* the Stato boundaries-*
destroys oil distinofion between the uiiiriithorirefl
resist anco of individuals to tho Federal Govern,
rrient, end n motioa.by'a'soveroign StatoV.a pirtfy
an integral party to.'tbo compact of tfie CbnjitSttr*
lion, noting in herJughost political capacity, t. sr.
rest within hor .limits the operation' of an apt; of.
that Government adjudged by her lobe violieivo
ofthe terms of the ootnpnorcrealingtlKif'GoU-rtw
moat,—aud which’ Without an effort at a.cpmpro.,
mice or peacefiri-adjultmadt of t 1 0 coii.trSyer« #
proccedo to.putiii kcopingdie-rnbaiis hittl tdaottr.
ces-of tho couritry To offcct tlia;eui,jugauori qin
sororeigri menjber bftlyi corifodSraqr-wxf-isSriir*'
dinato department oftho Govormncot-Mf is eir, i
1 repoat it, tor those tliings hnd for tlic advocacy t
of the rig)its.of tlie.Stato's, tlio catrso.ofl'rceddrn ^
aiidfreo govern i.enlff,.ihat we are decried by some'
axdisturbgts oftlie'goad.Qrdci- of society,-agAv
others openly ddnbance.d,ns Traitors...; ByictSL
Chairman .what of. bit jlifs.? Hive iiprithq ddvp.
cates of •Liboriy in* avory. coyntryTanq iu ,e’vo[y
cliinc, boon po.iitifeal hgiutors J Whoseevcr, sir*
pres9riidS , i-te'<rigwM , a#loo tbo'eiirtairi thaf coVerir
thS false-bltthfe of the amliitioos wiil'lhyitotrs;—
Aiiimrttfd then by a sense ot the' corrcctncfes of
tbo-priiiciplee - fur which vro clmteml, and moVCA
forwatdby aoince.radesiie.to IHnstrate trath.atul
to-proniote.iho grcut'cnuso.of LAorty arid ofkh,
oral 'principles, wo eh'all have ample rc»ngricf»-
. tioU fof /bo censaro we may incur, ip! tho c'6n«v-
cionsnes's of. the. purity of. our motives arid ot
haying -ddne our duty. Can. the unjneamriff dml
false cry of disaffection to, our. Unida; and ot do
signs rigaihst Rs cdntuiuaiioe/sri oftria heard from "
.ritpse who.iiro ignorant o( theprincipl<is'-tye, R ro -
iess, dbtor qs from the exalted purposes of patri. ' -
otism’tliat lie before uar-.Upio th6 torm»of it*
original torinatioriand a* o. aio'atm.ef preservius
■'tibpriy nubeaio nod .giviiig ws refpoctabilaiy' a,
brand, who.-would uot.bdnUnion mat Aud-
■yet, s|r, in view tif tho deotriries wri espouse and
the cause-wd mivqoatc, Wjt6 would not bo-a Statu
•.Rights'man 1. Witli tie motiveVnb'.prineiplos and
no purp'oeoe.to conceal, wu gferi-forihia_the open ..
eye of day arid call ttperi enquiry and illustrot^on
to’tnrow' their tightsUpsirthe patli of the political
traveller, and invoke tho broad biaxff of tho cita to
h'nra upon tiio thee ofirutli. Wo proposo then, io
appeal hy investigation arid disonsslorii to tho in.
-rruiGtS-cE of the conyn unity,andte sabstitute trip
.1 blind devotion to then, without a knowledge- ot 1 .
or a, refereucu to justqiriaripics, a gpptcotioa:jbp--' *
cdnstitutional liitiarty.**.,. —j,...,. :* -.;.
.Vrwii !•
that reqnired.of tli'e citizens nf ether 8thtes, tir
set free every slave In onr plantations, it .la'
true under the theory of the. Government n-
vowed in-Ute .Fraii}lainittfou,*w:e sitouM liave
no ef!ectivemeans*of.resistan’ce ( -rio competent
remedy. The only alternative left us would
be either to submit to the outragp,.or by" rosTs-
tanee to eomnfit,treason against the Govern
ment, nml subject tlio heads'of riur'citizeristb
the btoefe ortho’fxrrnfioncr. ' *•
In short, Mr. 'Chairman, tire States rif-tM*
contfcderscy ate represented in the distressed
And nlamimg;eondiriari nfbetng aeitlter rqfm--
blo of protecting tlieir rights-nricl)lowers, lrom
the nsiirpritions oftho General Government,
while ro.tbp.union—nor yet «We to extrirate
themselves from it* Iron grasp, hriwever rum
pus if may prove. The most unqualified su
premacy ofthe .General over, the Stato Gov
ernments is tints bmadly and unqualifiedly as-
Berted in the Proclamation ala j maintained !n
the Porce Bilh tvhlch ta its bitter but apprnnn-
ttte fratr. Mr. leflerson was of n ilill'crent q-
ptnuin. I-hold in my hand a letter writtori iiv'
l.imto.Biqter- Cmjtwright. prrictreW in ,«(,$
dated Line Slh 1924,.che\vuig that he saw no
oeeasiou to cltaugo at the cloie of bis life the
oprawns ho had always expressed and upoo
which ho Imd ever acted. He ptoeetds “witli
reBjiectto our State and .Federal Governments
From tho. tinted States Telcgraplk
.Tite;ltich.moad iVhig-makes tiie folIo.wiila.T
comment on the. riowly pjilifiiihctl eorres|
.dpricofbolwqfen'Mr. T. J. Ramiolp’
jRitphuy. upon- llio.Vulijeet-of tlio'
Protest.
'-. Considering tho 'flourish
correfpoudojteo' Jlag'.boon lie
cod; it ttiuts out to aineuiit 1
VVe -. however- jay ti ln;cs:iousiv! hefora': our
reailcrs as a document which it may be. anti
cipated, will bo usgd by many, as Mr.' Thom-
ns jcnurspn Randolph jin# nlready-ntteinptod
tn his own ease, to jostify (heir slavislt sub-
tnlseton/w tho nrbitraty cl u ints of. 1 lower 'by s
the Bxcotitivo oftho United State?.
From a pafcr eaUed-a protest, in the hand
willing of Mr.-JFefStrson, atidmaritcd nrit.-sritu,
unttccdmptuncd by fimlter explanation ilutU
.wo have, iufqrence»flro ns,fairly deduclble of
onAdoseription qs (mother. -All is ooqjecture ^
ntbest. Why was it not sent to the Senate ? m
It; majri.have. been, - that ori. further-vrefloetton •' 1
aml consullution with hise.-ibinet, Gera Wash-
ingtptl-wus nof satisfied with Iii*, ii;luihi»,.
mtorferp.,wUli titfr proceedings of the Seriate.
Bo tins as it mny, it must.be a very forced
construction which,cap infer a claim of Tight
frqtn an- act simply imJicmtc,. a nd left in that
stato wjtliout further notion. -
But lot the reader! bear in mind that lho .
question, .whether’ tho President has the right
to send u protest tq die Seriate, is one of, very
littlo coQsoquonco compared to ih© conso-
quencesr r "-^* :, '- : —«-• - ^ j -
grower cpntttinotfi'n ilto iaio protest.
.T--!, d,,ll ’ h cxpe " lll « * e papers-bf hjus
venerable ancestor, now polished, nnd which-
ho says ho quotoAond showed tohisftiimds.
eliwgcs -against -WnvwouM be
considered by any as a proof thrifho lindmcft.
departed from tlis upinioin of iilr. JoiTer-
squ 1. Can he fiod auy. record pf ophuori of ,
tost great man stiSiainiqg in the.slightest de-'
groc, tho preteritionsofilto present ExconUve
to tho custody of tho public Fisc7 Wcl wo
corlum jha cannot.
It seems that Mr. Randolph is in pssossion. "
nf an .inexhaustible store house ol* papers,
luttcd to ail emergencies; and we regrot that
he is ui the ranks ofthe euemv, by which we
we deprived ofthe benbfit oftls. services—
• j 00 , te ul many opposite extracts'
could be-found by an industrious compiler,
which would lie of grew service to those wlio
arc m want oftlte support of precedent iri re
sntiu'g executive usurnmicq,