Newspaper Page Text
V WiWkVv
To alter the several laws on the subject of
tile tutor school fun<L so fur us relates to the
i imo of disbursement by the trustees.
To regulate the fees on grants for lots I\o.
10 and 100. ,'
To revive and continue-m force an act to
admit certain deeds to. record, mid to author
ize the same or (topics thereof lobe read in
evidence. „ _ „ TT ,
To add a part of Carroll, to Ilcaid county.
l>’or the relief of Edmund Gresham ud
Lnuncelot Johnson. . .
T<> impose, levy nrai collect a tax, for the
support of Government for tile year, 18,33.
To appropriate monies for the support of
Government, for the year 18,15.
To consolidate til i pour school fund with
llie academic fund of \V ayno.
To amend the net more cited unlly to pro-
vide for the government und protection.of the
Cherokee Iudinns.
To amend the 4th and 5llt sections of an
net to establish a Ferry over Coosa river, on
lot No. 181, dill Oist. 4th section,
To incorporate the Scull Shoals Manufac-
ring company in Grccne.county
To'incorporate. the Wiilthonrvillo Union In
stitute, in the county of Liberty.
To repeal so much of the act to lay olT the
county of Lee. into election districts.
To make valid Constables llonds in certain
cases. ' .
To imtltorizc and ompowerlho city, council
of Augusta, and tlio trustees of Richmond
oountv Acadctnv, to convey to the Athens
Rail Road Company, leu acres of the Town
Common of Augustu. • ;
To authorise tile elections for Colonels and
.Majors, to be held at the different precincts in
Monroe county.
To authorise die Justices of the. Inferior
Court of Clark county, to jtrovide for and es
tablish an usylum for the invalid poor of suitl
• of
County. „ „
To authorise the Courts of .Ordinary,
tho dillctgnl counties of this State to issue
Commissions of Lunacy, &c.
To incor|iornto a Volunteer Company of
Riflemen, in the county of Ilnbershum, to
bocdlled the Clarksville Union Rifle Company
To authorise Win. J. Tnrwiu, to establish
a ferry across Oslenollu river. ’
To amend an act passed llllli Idee. 18~7,
to authorize the Commissioners of Washing
ton county Academy, to raise by lottery a cer
tain sum of monoy. ' .
To alter the Tune of holding the Superior
Courts in the Southern circuit. •
• To authorise •ohnBtithune to .establish and
ficcp up a ferry across Ostcnolia at New fown*
To prevent any Teacher of poor children
in the counties ol Tclfoir ond Franklin, from
receiving payment out of the Poor School
Fund, unless said Teachers shall hnvo been
examined by the Inferior Court. ■> .,
'I’o. authorise the establishment of.a ferry
•over the Alalamahn.
To extend the civil jurisdiction of certain
Jnsiices of llto Peace, in the county of Rich
moiul, over tile cfly of Apguslu.
To incorporate a Baptist. Church in the
county ol Emanuel.
To’itdil a part of Newtoti, to Jasper county.
Supplementary to and nmendatofy of an
Odd} grant to Thotnus Spalding und" Ids ns
boeiates the right of constructing a rail ruud,
&c. • ,
To authorise Keaton Grimtlnnd to orect a
loll bridge over Flint River on his own laud
For the relief of Jnmcs B. Hanson, und
John II. Low.
To ineorpotnto n Volunteer' Company til.
Infantry at Slnllings Store in Afimroe county.
To authorise lin'd permit shell persons a.?
may have drawn luts in tli.o nocUpahcy of the
Clfetokees to test the same for Gold. . ,
To sell und dispose of two acros of (Ira
States interest to the V* citorn baivh of the
Oentieo near Mlllcdguvillu. &c.
To nber and change tile law fegulrtllng
county Academies, so lur us relutes to the
county uf Baldwin,. ( .
To manumit and sot freo certain-person
therein named.
To nnilioiise the Justices of, the Inferior
Court of ljnlilwin county, to Uwy-au extra
tax, tor the purpose of of acting a uotv Court
House.
To amend an nctlo.cxempl from sale after
a given time certain artielfts,, clueliy traces
Stiry fot the subsistence of the debtors family.
■ To niter oind. amend the. 4th and 8th:scc-
tinns oftlie first article of lira .Constitution of
this Slate. ,
For tho relief of Elizabeth Clinch.
nncELu\fiois.
TURF CONVENTION
In consequence of an understanding be
tween a number of gentlemen in this State
and South Carolina, a Convention will be
held in Charleston during the Races of that
city,.in February next, fortho purpose of fix-
ingtlie time of the several Annum Races in
this section, so that they shall not conflict with
cnch other ; and that ns far as the conveni
ence of ettcli mid all will permit, they may
be so arranged as to follow regularly one nf-
ler lira.oilier, withsiiilablc intervals between,
so ns to forma general circuit out oftho whole,
which may be regularly followed by all the
distinguished gentlemen mid horses of the
turf It may also consider tho rules of Ra
cing generally, with (lie view of makingthem
uniform throughout that circuit, and as cfli-
cicnt and pci feet as practicable. Audit must
bo obvious to every, one who takes an interest
in these matters, that all these objects arc pe
culiarly desirable, and well calculated to en
hance the value, interest, character, and res
pectability not only of cnch club that.takes
part in it, hut also of thcTmf tind its sports
generally. A Delegation 'of three members
has already been appointed by the Augusta
Jockey Clubi to intend tins Convention.—
Similar Delegations will certainly he appoin
ted by the Columbia and Charleston Clubs,
und no doubt by the Savannah Club; also;
and probably several others. Atjd it is hoped
that such'nthcr Clubs iu this and thcadjoining
States, as may see the great advantages of
this arrangement, and desire to avail tlicm-
solv s of them, will appoint Delegations ac
cordingly. - Chronicle. .
Oy'Ncwapnpdrs in this and tho adjoining
Stales, and tho-turFRogister also, arc respect
fully reqiiesied to publish the above, or notice
the object of it.
RAIL ROADS AND CANALS.
. .A publication recently compiled by Mr.
Tanner, gives a slum description of till The
Canals aiid Rail Roads in tho United'States,
now completed or in progress—from which
work the inflowing is cnilccfod :
CANALS R,. Roaps.
New Hampshire,
Maine,
Massachusetts,
R. Island,
Connecticut,
New York, V
Now Jorsoy,
Pennsylvania,
Dolmvaro, -
Maryland; ' -
D. Columbia,
Virginia,
N. Carolina, 1 -
S. Carolina, T
Georgia;
Alabama,.
.Mississippi,
Louisiana,
Kentucky! ■
•Ohio, -
. Miles.
Miles.
831
; tfi ■
116
87 .
-
800
300 i
140
105
783 ' ,
. 323 -
13 •
16
364 •
- 104
0
> ’ ’ ’*
60 '
210-' |.
24
/6l J .
ipa
' 28 ■/.
.16
62
■63
14
5
li
ars
•' : •
A Word or Anvtcr..—As this Gazette is
.taken by, a large number of. merchants, and,
is probably J read 'by, many young men in-
counting houses and stores, w6 shnlj Take oc
casion to giVc .them a him that may ho of
serviceTo. them in future life, when ibey en
ter into business for themselves;. • In looking
over your balance sheet nt the end of (lie year,
to sed how your afliiirs look, never forget that
large deductions are to lie miido from ono side
pf the account, for Imd and doubtful debts, ntuj
ior- possible Josses from other Causes. The n-
mtniills you appear to owe, are as certain and
tjtfed ns Into, whilst the amounts Hint nro due
'i you, may one fourth - lie Inst. Keep this
the other.—Ph il. .Gazelle.
•Itt tlio various uses to which they apply tho
hides of 1 bullocks nt Mimic Video, that of pun
ishment is not left’out. It is relnted of them
that they sew up the prisoners in a wet hide,
leaving.out the head und neck .only, nnd_ in
this condition lay them on iho grmind tit "tho
sun, tudry. - In* the profess of drying, which
tile hide soon does by the,powerful, effects of
tho sun, it becomes contracted,' mid product's
lira most excruciating torments on tlio nnfor-
lunnto prison or by lira iiioreuso *nf pressure ;
but if night nrriv'ea before lio dics from ils.’nf
'feels, the hide relaxes again with tire-moisture
front tho uir, only to prolong his sufiftrings on
'lie next daw which generally is his last.—
,. - iSn cruoltt'death 'is pvdn worse titan that
Human Lieu Estimated hy Pulsation. w lilcii the linn-constrictor can inlUct-, Itndthe
An mgcimms author asserts that tho length ol I invention of it is.said to belong to a barbarian
Ik lift* niliv lin i>xhiii'tltiil livr Ini* i n :- r/ /ii - j ...
c
*1
u
n man’s life nitty bo estimated by the pulsu
lions he has 'strength enough, to perform.—
Thus allowing 70 years fur the cutnuuin"
measure of pulses ofn tctiVpcraUr person, the
number of pnlsatiuiisiu his whole life, will-ii-
motmt to 2,807,520,000; -but, if liy iritemper-
once ho force his blood into n mdraf rapid mo
tion, so as to givo soycnty-fivP pulses in a
minute, tho same number of pulsos would be
Completed In fifty six. years ; consequently
<10 life would bo reduced fourteen years,
j TAc Oracle of Health.
■ TheBuffulu Whig cimtnins a calculation,
by which it appears, that when the'line of
Rail Roads is complete from Sehenectailny
and lluilitlo, und the Mml River Roil Rond
ise finished, n person mny go from New York
to Cincimialti in lour days und live nights, tit
on expense of $22,
A 1ml in Boston, got up in Ills sleep and
leaped from the wjmlmv of his chamber in
the fourth story to the pavement, a distance
of44 frit, without injury, and what is more
remarkable. did not awake for thirty , minutes
after the uccidout occurred.
About three teacups lull of Sweet Oil drank
with warm water, is said to have produced in
Culm, iimncdiuto iflicl in worst eases ofSpas
modic Cholera. It U worth a trial, Ibr on
this subject, we huve a right, like drowning
men to catch at straws. \
Threatening.—An imunymuus, letter lias
been published ill Loudon, which stutes that
the lulu destruction of the .Pniliumont houses
by lire was only oue of a series.of conflagra
tions which is meditated against every .p'ubiie
building iu Englund. '
Seduction—A verdict ibr $4500 dnin-
ages, and costs, was rendered iu New York,
on the 18th inst., against the dcfoiiunnl in n
ealite brought before the Circuit Court, Judge
Howards presiding, by ti tiiothcr, to recovoi
damages fur loss of services of Iter daughter,
who had beott seduced trader promise ofnmr
nage. y. •
Mrs. Chapone was asked hiiw it was she
u n; always so early at churei.I "Beenuse
sittd jibe, n is u part ot my teligion not to dis
turb the religions do oUun brothers.’’
Valuable; CAtrao.—The brig Navarre
Capf. Gutjon. arrived at Philadelphia, from
Cu’piimbo, ' r e- Jupwards of 8250,00b , u
spteie Her w ' ole catgo is valued at up
wards of^aOO.tWO,
mmed Ruralrez.—Foyage of the Ghanticleer
Impohtant to,Read,dns and PbBLisfiF.us
or Newspapers.—A prosecution was sotiio
time sitieb instittllcd by tho Propriotors-of the
Nt‘\v-York Daily Sentinel, against a subscri
ber for the amount of. his subscription to that
puper. He pleaded that he hail not ordered
tho paper, that it wni'sent .him without his re-
questing it. The Plaintiff- recovered tho. n
raoutit clptmed ; for jt was decided, that per
sons receiving n newspaper, without ordering
it to bo discontinued, are liable in every in
Stance fur.the price .of subscription.
The- innmifueiure of sugar from beets,
which Napoleon .endeavoured to introduce
generally into France, has grown lately into,
great importance. Millions of poumU'dfsu- ,
gar are thus made. The pritwipal emtso of
the extension ol iliis mumifnciureis tho disco
very of tho great benefits to agriculture con
nected with it. ’ After the sugiy htis hebn ex
traded, tliero reqjhlns so uutriciunsti-piilp.
thnt iu two months, without the-employment
"of any other food, a great- number of cattle
may be fed unon it. The French Colonists
it is said aro becoming'•alarmed at the pro
gress of this new 1 brunch of irtdustfy. .'
Balt. 1 American.
Writino uir Mail.—It is not generally
known that this practice which is quite com
mon, (we mean Hut writing on the margin of
newspapers arid pamphlets wliiuh-are sent by
intiil, in order to save It-Iter poslage) is con
trnry tfi law, tiuil subjects tho uflender to t
fine. Tho 1'ostmustor General, in reply to
some late inquiries whether writing on' a
newspaper or pamphlet, partly erased, and
TrtF.BE IS TIME ENOUGH.—Tills is ono of
the most mischievous sentences in the English
language. Not that it is bad in itself—for it
is strictly true, as we intend to show present
ly. Hut its meaning is sadly perverted, and
what */ns meant for good, becomes the occa
sion of evil.
Many a good thing migh( Have been done
had it been begun in season, but-becaitse there
was time enough, it was let alone, and let a-
lone, and so not started until too late; or nev
er moved at all.
But*there is such a thing m bringing 1 good
out of evil. The bee extracts honey, assweet,
if not ns abundant, fro n tho.thistle, as from
the rose. And he-who would profit by study
ing human nature, and watpliing'.divi’fio prov
idence, may learn wisdom from hip past errors,
and turn over his misfortune tosome good ac
count.
The wisest man in ancic|nt days, (and we
believe ho was fully as wise ns people com
monly nre at present.)—the wisest man if an
cient days has giien us to understand that
there is a timeTorevcry thing under tno sun.
A time for laughter amt for tears, for sorrow
anil for jay. A time Ibr business, a timo fqr
recreation, and a time for rest, but he docs
not say a word aboutlcisure lime, or time for
idleness. lie speaks too of h time to die. leav :
ing us to infer, as wo may very naturally, that
He, Who made the sun to rule the day, the moon
mid stars to govern the night, 1ms given us
time enough, just time enough, and none to
spurt 1 ! to perform all onr duties, and to enjoy
every rational pleasure—to lnqho-tho world
better for our having-lived in ’ ii—and ■ to bc-
eortio bolter.' fitted ourselves for “another
out! a better world.”
There U lime enough, says the schoolboy,—
bat his time runs out, and he goes, half fitted,
to-college.- ..
'Time enough,—thinks many a yoqng man,
if ho does .not say so, to commence habits of
frugality and economy, ond thus provide for
futflre. won flu—but the time never, never
comes; and ho, to use a hbtnoly phrnso of Dr.
Frahklin’s “scratches a poor man’s head as
long ns he lives."
' How tnatiy designs have wo formed, of do
ing this and that good thing, which fell thro r ,
not because we had little time; iitit because we
had tjmn enough,.and so wasted ono houraf-
(er'nuotlier till the drub had passed.' ,
Timo enough to work, snya the idler and
'spendthrift \ but his clothes wear out before
he finds time to earn- new ones; and His pock
ets uro emptied, afld 'he lius no time to reple
nish them.
-Franklin has a homely saying to this effect,
that he who loses'nti ’hour iti-the morning,
most: run all day, and ’lis a wondor if he o-
vcriokes his business before night. So if uny
ono filids'ltimsoU' pihehed for tipie, it is likely
he has thrown njyay aa hour, when he.tho’t
he.Imd timo.onnugh and n littlo to spare.. :
Tim6 enough,—say we, when in "a serious
tnood, we resolve to bo-more diligent, more
«ystcmatic, more punctual; when we resolve
upon nny reform.
\Ve do not mean to procrastinate; but while
wo.tnuso the moment passes, it is irrevocably-
lost. . , - • . '
Do yon Ray wo knew all this before..
No doubt of It. Yet we ere. apt til think
there is not only lime' enough, hut some to
s]iure. But this is.au crrpr and shoul' 1 be
corrected
The different length of different lines is no
thing tlgajfipt quritflSUlnd, limt lift 1 is just long
eupugli.. The,oddest person, lias-enough of
duty and enoiigh of pleasure too : if he lives;
aright, toticcupy ills three score years and ten,-
while he whose.sun goes down At noon, has.
timc enbugH, -tf jie will bur improve it, to
mako his life hero a blessing tu others,'und
that hereafter blessed and glorious tq.liiiiistH'-
. ‘-“That I Ifo aliino is long,
.WIii(;l|,oasjvAi-s ; litb'3 gieat nid.’.l., ;
BtiooKviLLE, Ind.,-'Noy. 2D.
Hons !!!—For th'e lust, three weeks our
eyes have boon greeted with scarce any thing
except vast droves of tho swinish multitude.-- ■
Within that time, “from our own idea of
things,’’ and friim tlitf calculation of-others,
there must have passed through this, plnce,
upwards uf Thirty..ThoustlM-lIoga; till, wen
ding tftol/ way to Cincinnati, tlio.greatest,ling
market, Wo would venture to say, in'the
known world. All these lings are from a
Riuuil seclion of litis Slurp. - Wo are told by,
the oldest setllCrs, that never was so many
hogs drove through this place in one year,
hefofs, ns has been within the ,lu'st.'throe
weeks. Soniq day's it seemed as if lira vast.'
area of-Natnro’s store laiuso wns filled whh-
Hogs. American.
Scott’s iiahits'-of CoMi'osiTtoN-—Sir
Walter composed wi'th grem facility, ami was
so borne or hurried along that, his Wain re
sembled a high pressure engine, the steam of
Which-wns perpetually up every time ho en
tered his study, nntl filled a pen,. -Latterly
he (lictntefl; imd wo have heard his amanuen
sis say that lie paced tho apartment under
great’ ctiibtnn, and appeared more like a
rapt sccr Iliad an ordinary mo.iinl while Com
posing tho celebrated dmlognu between: the
Teuntlar ond the- fair Uebecen. Mr. Will
iam Lnidl.-nV is himsolfn man’of genius, feej-
ingnnd taste; such was"lha'effect ujton his
own nerves, tlmt ho trequcmly paused -and
placed Ills hands on his tnmples -from excess
of sympathy—so • that' we may say of his
racked faculties much more'truly’than was
said of Prior after Ilia converse with lira litera
cy nml titled great— ‘ : -
!‘Strnlii*(l to tlio.liriffht ■
' In that cdestiul coUoqpv suhliitie, . , '
Puzzled and f|>ent, sunk duiva ami sought repair,"
There are.mithors, ns lliere tire painters,
•whoso forte resides in the bold ulf hand style
id'.CM(tijmsiliuu;.und who produce'by breudth
of outlino tit id much, what otltcrs supply by
laborious, minute, and finished execution. If
lira works of the onii look best at a distance,
ond tiro injured Uy being hold too closely' to'
the eye, ihose.of tlie other rise, iii ourestima-
timi, the uenror wc approach llteln, and ttm-
ply, repay fho niost leisurely and microscopic,
examination. Sir Walter went to wqrk like
Sif Henry- Raeburn ; und exercised ills- same
witchery in the management uf words thnt
Ids contemporary did iu lights and shadows.
Washington Iryttlg, to take only one example,
is a painter of quite a diflerent cast; every
thing with Him is deliegto and studied ; an'd
ii giving tlie palm to his thutmer, we must
POLITICAL.
powers to regulate commerce with foreign qa-
lie several States, and with
so legible us tobo read, is coiitrury to law, anti ''till rnhiend-tlint hi- matter sutlers rortespon-
makesihe pmnphlet dr-newspaper chargeable ;} tr y iu vig.;r,var ty ayd origii al ty. r
with letter postage, states, that as the writing , Dumfries Courier.
could be read, it brings tho'person writing it *
within the penalty tiflHd liUtli seejimi of the ,
Post olllce law, and subject to untie of$o.— '‘ u
In reply to the following inquiry—“ Is the
liillowing seiitcuce written on the outside of a
wrapper on a pamphlet chargeable with letter
postage! vizt “Receive this front vonr
IribnU and brother, J. T. All well nt present,’
he says, “ Complimentary phrases, such us
A. B. id C. D. with Ins respects,’ 'with the
e.i. rnplincms of the author,’ or such like en
dorsements on newspapers und other primed
matter, sent by mail, ate not considered to be
in violation of the 85th section, hut only such
memoranda us convey iuletiigcneo of-any
•tt-d, that is properly the subject of letter cor
respondence. Phil. Daily Add,
1 he dry goods merchants of Philadelphia;
tflvo published a notice in which they state
thut having long felt the Inconvebieacffbf the
custom of allowing thn breadth of a thumb o-
vqr.on more than 83 inches to-tho yard; tlfity.
have agreethhui from and after the first day of
January, ISIS, 1 life measure of a yard shall
bo according-to tho statute, 36 inches, and
tlmt no allowance- will be made by them on
goods which hold out according to that mea
sure. , ■
Alfred Huger, Estt., who has received the
appointment of Post Master, in Charleston, .in
the place of Tliomas VV. llacot, deceased, en
tered upon the duties iff bis oflSce on tho 1st
iustam.
From tlie Examiner.
Ol» THE DISTRIBUTION OF rOLJTICAt-FOW-
er in Tne United Statf.s.—±—In-abidute
mounrciiical governments, such 1 as xlrose of
Russia, Austria and Prussia, tlie sovereignty
of tho nation is considered to reside-in the
monarch, who is said to govern by the divine
right of kings.
In limited monarchies, ihc sovereignty is
supposed to reside in the executive and legis
lative departments, of tho government, as in
Great Britain ; or, where there is a written
constitution; os in France, or where the King
is elected, us in Sweden, in the. people.
lit republics, the Sovereignty is considered
as residing in the People,, who have tho un
questionable light, whenever (heir existing
form of government becomes destructive in
their opiniou “oftho ends for which govern
ments are instituted, tu alter or to abolish it,
and to institute a new government, laying its
foundation on such priuciples, and organizing
its powers in such form, as to them shall seem
most likely to cficct their safety and happi
ness.” At- least so says the Declaration of
Independence, the doctrines of which, it is
presumed, no ciiizon-oCthe United States will
impugn. ’ ,
But although.the sovereignty resides in the
people, yet the powers which appertain to
sovereignty, cannot be exercised directly by
the people themselves. ' (t would be impossi
ble for a largo community to'nsscmblo tiigeth
or to make laws, arid to put them imo execu
tion, und hence arises the neeossity of ap^
pointing agents, servants .and -.uttorui'es }b
porform-the various dels,-essential to tho well
bemg of the community, and which- cannot
he exorcised by the great body .of the peoplo
in person. Those agents, Servants, or uttor-
uies aro called governments,find they’usually
consist of legislative iigonts, those who are ap
pointed to enact the laws, called for by » re-,
gnrd for thd common weal, judicial agents to
judge of and to decide upon their infractions,,
and cxecirtit-tugents to enlbrce them and to see
that they nro put into; execution. ' ".
A republic may bo aristocratic 6r democrat
ic. An uristocratic republic is one which al
though ih.thqory, originally intond.ecl .to re
present llte.powqr of ,<7te good, is now under
load as oho giving undue preference to the
rich. A demooratic republic is one in which
ihc-iriflucnce .ofull classes of-the pen
intended tube placed upon an equality
What is called “ the United States of A-
meriea,” is ti, confederation -of republics, dif
fering from one another'in some degree, and-
many of tliem partaking moro fir lesSttf aris
tocratic features, according as they depart
more or less from rite principle of universal
.■iufrage. , ' -
But they aro all democratic republics, and
owo Uroir existence to the sovereignty of the
people, comprised within their respective Ihn-
iu. -.
In'fomiing these republican governments,
ijte people of eden State delegated to their
agents, servants, or tittomies, certain powers,
to be by them excicised for their good, reserv
ing to themselves such .as, they did ifoi choose
to pnrt with. The letter of Attorney'.by-which
these powers are conferred, is called a State
Constitution, which, lot it be , 'retnemberell is
not like a Charier.,'granted by a King, a coti-
tract bet\vee.ii the governors and tlio govern
ed, bat a contract between tlie different indi
viduals composing the'society, designed'Jo go
cure to t-nclt, the rights which he has uot u-
greed to. [>art with. In fact-such constitutions
are only designed to protect the rights-(^indi
viduals, aud where constitutlotts'alli' iriit'cxtHt,
thegoVornritein is a mete despotism of u ma
jority, which is" hot a fraciunij better than the
despofisiri of a single tyrant, as- regards each
i udivit(u.6l sii llerer^. What the'jittwitii^cca-
faf-Vt^Bpim'lIicFSfale’Govqrninsuts, and the
riglits reserved by ihe people of the differeiv
States respectively are, wjll-appear from the
diflerent suite constitutions', mid tire therefore
Uriiw'n-tuo well to require iueidation lu re.-—
It is anflicicnt to ssiy, that iiad tio coilfcdera-
-lio.ii of Slates been,formed alter the termina
tion of tho Revolutionary war, the people of
ouch Stale' would have possessed entire and
independent sovereignty, aud enelt State Go
vernment would have exercised-all the rights
and powers belonging to Sovereignly, as fully
& completely as]they|ure cojoycdjor exercised
by any sovereign state in nny part of. the
world,, laving and excepting the rights'and
.powers reserved by the pcdplo in tlieir State
.constitution. .
In' forming tho Federal Govcrunfem, - it-
became neeossury for the, people of the several
Suites, to confer upon that government, all
the powers accessary to curry into effect the
! objects of its institution. To accomplish this
it was necessary to. delegate to it a portion of
-ihc powers which hud.iilready been.conferred
upon tlio stuto governments, to be "exercised
by it exclusively, or, cohcur'rently willt the
States, us also u portion.of tho powers vvhicli
hud been originally, reserved by the .people
(tnder their State constitutions. From these
two sources olurie were derived all the. powers
that wero delegated to the United States, for
at the time ql| tho formation (if the federal
compact, tlioro did not any where exist U iy
powers but what were in possession'either of
tho State governments or of the people of the
respective States.
Italso becamo necessary for'the efficient
establishment oftho federal’ government, that
sumo of the'powers belonging to the stale go,'
vornments, by their couslttiuious, should be
exercised by neither, and should thus- lie
thrown bacit amongst the reserved rights of
tho people, which embrace every species of
right not delegated to the State-or federal-go^
vcrnuient; as the reserved rights of the States
embrace eyery'species of rigltl dqlcgutfcd to
tlio State. goverriniont by the people of the
sititc, und which have not been' delegated to
the Federal Government. ;
From this exposition oftho nature of our
institutions, it. will, appear that the original
inass- of Sovereign powers irinhreht in the
people of each State has been divided into 4
puns, viz: ' •
1. I’owers which have "hot been delegated
by. the people eilhcr to the slute governments
or to the federal Government, and which-aro
consequently reserved in their own hands, to
bo delegated at u future time, or permanently
withhold, asthey may deem proper.
2. Powers conferied upon tile stale govern
ments exclusively-} ' , „
3. Powers delegated to the federal govern
mem exclusively.
4. Powers -delegated to the State govern.-
tnents, und to the federal government,, tri be
exercised by them eouourfculiy. . .
' Autougsi tlipyirsl class of powers, at least
in Pennsylvania, js_tlie power to restrict the
freedom of speech, or ol' tlio press, lr, to. abol
ish ohe trial by jury.
- Amongst the second class of powers, are all
those relating tu ilm uHcrttal jurisprudence of
the State, its laws relativo to the’tootire and
descent of property, the power to punish ordi
nary crimes aud misdemeauors, to construct
roads, bridges andcaauls, to protect domestic
industry, by granting bounties, und even with
the consent of Congress, by the imposition of
duties on imposts. '
Ol' tho third class may be enumerated, the
tions and among the ..
the Indian tribes, to establish an,uniform rule
of naturalization, and aniform laws on the
subject of bankruptcies throughout the United
States, to coin monoy, regulate tho value
thereof, and of foreign coin, and fix therstand-
ard of weights and measures, to establish post
offices and post roads, to declare) war, raise
and support an arfriy and navy, arid numer
ous others which aro specified in the Consti-
ution.
Of the fourth class, is the power to lay and
collect taxes; but this power on tho partofthe
United States is restricted, whilst with some
of the State governments it is unliinhed.——
Thus the federal government has power to
lay aud collect taxes only fot two purposes,
which are distinctly expressed, viz: “ to pay
the debts, and provide for -he common defence
and general welfare of-tho -United States,”
whilst the State governments have tho power
to raise and collect-taxes for any purposo uot
prohibited by the State Constitution.
■From this analysis; il may be seen what is
meant by that article.of the constitution,
which declares that “ the (towers not delegated
to the United States by the constitution, nor
prohibited by it ro (he States, are reserved to
the states respectively, or to the poople.” For
wc arc.liere told, thaulicre arc-powers which
have not been delegated to the United States,
and which are consequently now possessed,
either by the states respectively in their cor
porate capacity, or by tho people. ,Those
powers which are reserved to the states are
those which- are cutlcd Slate Rights. Those
which aro reserved to tlie people aro .individ
ual rights.
• From tho Washington News.
THE JUDICIARY.
A great dear has been said in relation to the
Course-of the Governor - and' his. party, with
reference to tho conduct of J^tdgp HoofF.B."
and. his contemplated removal-from office.- It
iu known to our readers, that the Governor
was extremely anxious to have him impeach
ed. He omitted np opportunity, to censure his
administration of the laws of-the state, and to
express his great desires, that an ihvestigatjgn
bf.his conduct should -be had. -After repeat'
cd sjWjgftati.mis aiiij injiny .exhortaljpne to du
ty, tlra Union NuUifcalihn (idtiy finally con
cluded mat trio wisitos and feelings of his Ex
cellency. should be respected. A .committee
was accordingly .appointed, .near the close ol
tjiesession, to institute an inquiry, into the
judicial conduct of Judge Hooper, and to givo
woighl aml efi’ect to the investigation, they
Wore.clothed willt power-Hi spnd ffor, and ex
atpinc witnesses. &r.. The iuvest gution.pro-'
needed, witness,!-, were examined, and. the
committee prosecuted diligently the object, to
which their attention was directed. As was
expected, and, probably as was contemplated
by therulmg party, the- committee'were-, mil
prepared to make Tlieir report at the time,
when the Legislature usually adjourns.—
What was now to lie done.? After all the. pa-
ratio that had been made about the corruption
of the'Judge, after the solemn manner in
which an investigation bad been invoked by
his Excellency, after. tTra .expense, to which
the State had been p-.tt in the prosecution of
one of its officers, after seriding for ft great
number of witnesses tu a great distance, and
compelling their attendance before the com
mittee,ufter deslroyitu by the. basest impulu
lions, the character of a jnnti and; the influ
ence and respoctaliiHiy M'a'jridgc, what course
should .the ddmirierit’ party havo .purtjn.ed t
Was it right that they should slirluk from ait
investigation, which they hail challenged ?
Was it.pviiper, after putt ing'-the Staie to so
great an expense, to abandon the prosecution
before it Was .terminated ? Did not- justice (p
i.ij'.i,"V--*—li^-IWn,ii-i,, (E—jf '!*T inr tfflfi gOVCi*
tior,.'anil.u regard for the'iuterrst'oflhe'State,
require that iobniiffleh as the irivesijgatior.
-vas instituted,-the body tint 'authorized i-:,
should it definitely upon it? Why .'coin
rrieucC, if there was ho , design to panish !
’What flow is the situatiiai of tho Judge! He
is hung up iir suspense nt il anxiety. His In-
fltienee is deslrnycd—his jndiciul. career is
virtually ^finished. TIis eharneter has been,
assailed, liis motives impeached, his course
condemned & a committee is appointed by his
.accusers ur investigate his ei,ridoct,,.whe.n io !
after till this- parade, the Legislature gravely
adjourn—authorizing the committee tu' report
attbc ncxtscssion, where the lime for which
the judge was elected, expires. Wilj tlie peo
ple lolcrato such conduct I Let- each man
placo himself in the situation of Judge Hoop
er, and answer, if he would be satisfied with
such treatment ? We invite tiro attention of
our readers tu thn Memorial of the Judge. Af
ter what'had taken plage, a refusal to regard
his “prayer." was to him rank injustice, and
will be to tho State, a lastiug disgrace.
From tha Soutliorn Recorder.-
JUDGE HOOPER’S MEMORIAL.
Sent to the Legislature on Saturday tho 20tli,
after the Commiltee appointed to investi
gate his Judicial conduct, hits declared them
selves not ready to report,.and mi adjourn
ment wns about totake .place, without a de
cision on his case. . .
To the Honorable the Senators and Represen
tatives oj the People of Georgia in Gener
al Assembly met.
Fellow Citizens.—The circumstances, un
der which this cotnmunicutjon is marie, will
furnish'the only upology that can bei render
ed Tor asking your impartial consideration of
•the matters here presented
Fcr simielitrro pn3t, I havo been charged
with tho administration of a co-ordinate do,-
I artmeut -jf the govormrient of-’Georgia. I
was culled to it. by. the people, whoso servant.,
l ain. For ray judicial action, that" stage
was assigned mo whic'h, from its' recent set
tlement, its. peculiar relations and character
istic population, necesssarily presented ‘sourc
es of embarrassing litigation. .For the faith-'
fill discharge Of the. duties (has imposed and .
voluntarily.accepted, I gtond accountable bo-
fore those in whose service 1 have engaged
according to. the forms prescribed by them,
fur tlie most thorough, candid'and impartial
scrutiny. If aught blit honesty of purpose
has marked the; course iff my endeavors, that
too is referable to the same tribunal.
• Ills known to you, thata chargo lias boon
preferred before your body, by tho Chief Ma-'
gistruto, which calls in question the- purity of
that administration, which-your constituents,
by their ugeuts, committed to my hrindsf—a
enai-go . amounting, as fully as'one coming
from such souce could, to an impeaelitneut
of.'my official conduct—a charge that is
equivalent to a roquest, made by the'Govern-
or-of your State, that I shoriJd be deprived of
the’ insignia of office, disfranchised Iraforo the
country, and beggared in ray reputation—al
leging, as the grounds of-thnt request, gener
al incapacity and unfitness for the trust con
fided to my keeping, snperaddeu to a most
unworthy and corrupt intent.
Coming from such 1 authority, (whethe r
proper or not, 1 stop not to enquire,) it cannot
be lightly treated. -The very source >v lienee
it emanates, gives to it a sanction, woerever
the organic government is lelt, or tho Exucu-
tivc Magistrate is respected.
Under a deop senso of inflicted injury, until
more than lialff the session had transpired,
I-reSted in-the-eonfident belief, that I should,
before its close, receive at your hands, that
justice which I hod reason to believe a patient
and impartial- hearing, before a tribunal
whose true interest and pleasure is to deter
mine righteously, would afford. In this, I
have been the more confiding, because I felt
persuaded,-that the people whom "you repre
sent, and whom,!haveqndeavpred to servo,
never knowingly or. wilfully do injustice, or
seek wantonly to destroy those'who may bo
enlisted iu their service. Agaihstsuch result;
the universal law of self-preservation, in the
absence of every sentiment of right, furnished ^
a perfect guaranty- .
. When yorir session had drawn nearly to its
usual penod fora close, a committee of-inves
tigation having been appointed, : I was notifi
ed of an opportunity presented me, with, my
counsel, to attend before them; and be heard
in the enquiry then about to be instituted,
concerning my official conduct, brought in
question, iu tho manner above stated. On
my first appearance, I "was given to under
stand, to what extent this privilege of being
heard by myself or counsel, would be allow
ed. Of this, I forbear farther remark' in this
place, believing it might not bo proper to tres
pass on the province of that committee’s re
port. Something inriro titan a week has boon
3pent in coileeting testimony; and now I learn
with feelings of deep regret, that it is the de
cided inclination of your honorable body, to
adjourn, sine die, leaving this subject unact
ed on, suffering this . most serious accusation!
against a fellow-citizen a ad.an agent Oftho-
people to remain unsustained, and also not
repelled; by .the expressed opinion of the Leg
islature: permitting, for an indefinite period,
a thick cloud to" hang over the head of that
citizen and officer, which, while it rests there,
easts a shade o ver the sunshine, he once may
havo enjoyed, in whose gldortt 'is enveloped
all that is deal- to his name,- or connected with
Ilia fortune., Nbt prily so. hut still
hint, impelled by a senso of duty, rendered
imperative by'the superridded obligations of
an official oath, to go forward into the field of
his labors stripped ili a great degree, of that
respect which even a reputed integrity of pur- .
pose might give, perplexed and embarrassed
by the unqualified official, denuheiatton of tho
Governor of tho 1 State, .there to administer
ihe civil and criminal justice oftho country,
hi the midst of a people, with whom the in
terests of many incline them to question eve
ry opinion opposed tot-heir-views, and who,
under the circumstances, will be taught tq'be-
lieve it .a high dictate of virtue and patriotism,
openly to set at dcfiaticc the most solemn or- '
hers, judgements and decrees of the highest
judicial tribunal known to your constitution
and laws.
Can'it' be believed that the people, to
whose interest all profess ■ an attachment,
would has trammel their judicial agent, or
throw obstacles in'the way of their functiona
ry ? Surely no one can intend such effect
shall be produced; arid yet,.such is theinexit-
abletendency ofyonr determination to adjourn
and leave th'is-nccusation'against tne unacted
•oni In the; name, therefore, ofjustice, truth
and honesty, by the regard you may havo for
injured irinoccriee, by the .honor of yofr pro
fession, by .the fiddUty,of the trust with’which
you are delegated, in the name of the peoplo
you represent,;! conjure you to postpone your
adjournment. : I remonstrate with you on.tho
pi'ojtoscd-'eotirse in .this regard, and ask, as p
matter of right, that will "not be'withheld by
tho Legislature of an independent State,; that
you protract your session tp a future day, not
too remote, for the purpose of relieving thoso
concerned, from a snspeuse produced by whtf(-
yori will allow me to call p false accusatiori.
Your fcllow-eiiizon,
JDIIN^HOOFIr...
I
From the Lexington Reporter.
Alexander 1 Hamilton.—We have' al- •
ways thought that tho American .people do
not fully appreciate the memory of Alexau-"
dor Hamilton. The reason has simply been,-
iliat it was supposed .he was in favor.of a ve-.
vy sirottg.eentrnl govorumenf, especially tho
execuiivo branch. This is the reason why ho
is scarcely ever quoted as authority, with us
ol'- tlie West. The timo has been, and that
not long since, when, if a candidate for pop-,
ulor support, announced as l;ts political creed
such doctrines njs'are contained in the Procla-'
matiotii ho Would hnvo signed his' political
death warrant; bat since the Presideitt' has '.
put them forth authoritatively, as his creed,'
they arc now. the only true orthodox faith of
the “jlemoeratie party.” Wc nove’r had tiny
faith in the doctrines of the Proclamation.■—
No Presideitt ever claimed for tho 1 Federal
Government such exlriiordiiinry powers as
that document asserts. But we neversuppo-
sed that Alexatuler Hamilton had ever utterr v '
ed a- sentiment'which conflicted with the doc-,
trincsof.that celebrated manifesto. It seems,,
however, from thn following extract ofn
speech,-delivered by that gentleman in The4.
convention of Ncw-York, thnt e Would'of
this day repudiate tlie idea of coercing q 60Vi
eruigu S.tale. -V
‘Tu orie rif these speeches lie hold lira doc-' ’
trine of “ coercing tho States to bo. one oftho
maddest projects that was over devised.. What -
a picture (saitl lie) does this idea present to
uur view J Congress inarching the troops of ^
one State into -tlio bosom of another—this
Stale collecting auxiliaries, and. forming per
haps a majority against . its federal, head.—,
Here is a nation at war vyith itself. Can any
reasonable man be well-disposed toward'a
govorrimeut which makes- war and carmtgo.;'
the only moans of supporting itself—a gov-
eruriient, that can exist only by the sword !—
Every such war must involve*, the innocent- ;
wilh'The guilty. This single considerfttiba
should be sufficient to disposo every peaceable
citizen against such goverumert.”
-Richard IL Wilde.—On The list of the-
rejected by, Van Briren,.(says the Boston At-*
las) no matt stands more, favourably before
the country thau Mr. Wilde, of Georgia: and
there is no one whose loss tp .our Councils -
will be more regretted. Universally.esteem
ed in private life, indefatigable, spirited- and
faithful in his public relations, Tie has been ,
sacrificed to a blind and impetuous spirit of
party. Mr. Wilde is thus described in a work
which has recently appeared in London, .by
Henry Tudor, Esq.
One o the most insinuating of the speakers '
of this House', (tlio House of Rep:) was.
Mr. Wilde, the member from Georgia.—
There was a polished gentlemanly stylo ia
his manners that was highly prepossessing,
reminding me strongly of the grace and ele-
gariee so conspicuous in the address of Lord
Lytldhurst. Iu additiou to an expressive aui-..
million of featuro; there was a smiling good "
nature of countenance, which at the same *-
time that it engages the favour and atteulioa
of his auditors generally, must havo in some
measure disarmed the resentment of his tariff " '
opponents, . His. arguments were forcibly,
■illustrated, and olegantiy deliveredand I
could easily perceiVo some of b'ix polilieui ud- ■ '■
versaries, in defiance of his cunciliatoi do-
meuttor, evincing under thp lasli of It--, well
poinuT sarcasm wnli agravel vh qn -in'-con-
ceuled asperity of vlsaite which .contrasted
power fully with tho playful expression of bik
own.’