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From the New England Farmer.
Mr. FKSSKitnKJi—The following details of
na experiment to oseerwio the relative advnn-
ta-e of planting cut, Tor gbcitt potatoes, is at
your service for piililicntion if you think it or
sufficient importance.
I planted this year alternate rows of ent
and uncut potatoes. 1 put four pieces into
each hill of the cut potatoes, and two potatoes
into each hill of the whole potatoes. The
hills were three feet apart, each way, and of
course the number of hills in an acre was
45h'), The produce of the rows, planted with
■rut potatoes wus at the rate of three hundred
and thirty five bushels the ncre,. or twenty-
three thousand five hundred nnd twenty
pounds. The produce of the rows planted
with whole potatoes was at the rate of four
hundred and filly-eight bushels or thirty-two
thousand and sixty pounds. The dilfereuce
in the crop in favor of whole potatoes was at
the rate of one hundred and twenty-two bush
els the ncrc, but ns lltcie were twenty-two
bushels more of seed the acre used in plant'
ing the whole potatoes thd neat gain was only
one hundred bushels. However, as one bush
el of potatoes at the season of planting is usu
ally worth two bushels at harvest time,it will
be more accurate to calculate tllu gain til nev
enty-eight bushels. The kind of potutoes
plumed was the “ white blue nose" which is
decidedly the best polatoo for the table I have
ever cultivated, though a moderate bearer uii'
loss it receive generous treatment.
Etlncorth (Me.) 3d Now. 1831.
[The above is a valuable article, nnd the
experiments which it details, will go near to
settle a very important anil much controverted
point in husbandry.]—lid.
ExTHAoaniNARr Discovery of an an
ciknt I'kintIno Press in India.—When
Warren Hastings wus Governor General in
India, ho ohsetved that in the district of Be
nares, a little below the surliicp of the earth, is
to he found a stratum of a kind ef fibrous
woody substance, of various thickness, in ho
rizontal layers. Major Robtick, informed of
this, went out wills a party of scientific friends,
to a spot where an excavation hud been made,
displaying this singular phenomenon. In
digging somewhat deeper, for the purpose of
fui tlier research, they laid open a vault, which
on examination, proved to bo of some size,
and to their ustonishment, they found u kind
of a priming press, set up in a vault, and on
it moveable types, placed as if ready for prin
ting. Every inquiry WAS set on foot to ascer
tain the probable period ut which such an in
strument could have been placed there, for it
wus evidently net of modern origin, and from
all tho Major could cidlcct. it uppeured prov
able ilmt.nie pliieo bud remained precisely us
it was (bund tor at leusi 1,000 yours. We be
lieve the worthy Major, on his reiurll home,
presented pint of our learned associations with
a memoir containing mauy ouriuiis specula
tions on tho subject. Pnperwe know to have
been imimiliictiired in the East rimpy centu
ries before wo hud any knowledge of it; and.'
we hnvomuny reasons to think (hut the Chi
nese have been acquainted with the mode of
printing they now employ, many centuries
before Faust invented it in Europo. ;ll cer
tainly does no credit to the inventive genius
of the Romans, to know tlmuliey approached
s« near as to engrave in -a style not to bo
equnlled in tile present age, on getns nnd
stones, and Of Course tho Hiking ufmipressiotis
from them, that they should still have re
mained ignorant of the art which lias bes
towed so tunny blessings on mankind.—Port
folio. ’
A Novel Cask.—A young girl, by tltn
nunieof Catharine Dingwall, was tried be
fore the Quarter Sessions in -Nmv-flruuswick,
-on Saturday lust, for stealing a horse. The
histoiy of the irniiKaeliiui.is brielly us follows!
The girl is from Yorkshire Eng., where site
became ollaelied to u yuwig man named
Charles Stewart, woo was driven from the
housoof imr father. She ubscumlcd in search
of her lover, assumed men's clothes, and ur-.
rived at Now York ns u common sailor—from
tltenee she travelled in Riimoii, then buck tu
Philadelphia, and away to New Orleans.—
She again returned to New York, cniutt over
to New Jersey—being wearied, heart-broken,
and dejected, she snipped'at u burn with the
intcminii of committing suicide, bat the up
peuraiKtfl of ii horse suggested to iter the idea
of stealing it,iliutshe might thereby incur tin-
penalty of deutli, which was the law for that
offence in bov own country. She was taken
up with the horse near N. Brunswick. When
pui upon her trial shcpleadud guilty, and -re
fused to retract it; bat her counsel was per
milted by tho court to enter a plea of iwt guil
ty, uud the cuse went to n jury, who brought
in a verdict of not guilty. Such wus Un
sympathy excited iu her ease, uud so strong
wus tile belief that the act was ouo of preuzy
nnd nut of deliberate iutention, that no one
nppeurod dguinst her. Newark Eagle.
"Whiskey too much."—'Tho following
description or. a drunken row is from a North
Carolina paper:
“Ii appears that during a drunken frolic be
tween a dozen or more associates,' which was
carriud on with groat desperation for a long
time, uo one of the party, however being able
to toll, at the close of the battle, the cuusc of
tho quarrel One of the individuals engaged
in tho fight, lost u part of his Up, uud nriothor
a part of his ear, and llio decapitated ear was
sewed on the lip otj the other sulfercr, by a
tailor, who formed one uf the co .ipany. All
engaged iu this disgraceful transaction were
so completely intoxicated as to be entirely in
sensible of their proceedings.
The Fashionably. World.—Eveiy sea
son brings some uew invention of luxury to
empty the purses of our rich noblesse. Cer
tainly our wealthy citizens cannot be accused
of niggardliness; for if money be the prize we
are ail contending for, no one can say that
we are n hoarding miserly' people—rather
ought we to call ourselves ostentatious, bor
dering on the extravagance of oriental cus
toms. It is now the usage, we learn, among
the haute tnomfe ofthe more opulent, when a
young lady is led to the hymonial altar, for
the bridegroom to present her with some most
magnificent and costly cadtau—an Etruscan
vase, for example, of pure gold, while the kind
aunts, relatives, and fond parents, prior to the
separation of the beloved child from her fath
er’s mansion, add also each of them their res
pective tribute or memento, in commcmmora-
tion of the event, which forms so notable an
epoch in the life of every young lady. Thus
to the original ptescntarc adjoined a thousand
beautiful anil costly souvenirs, among which
rich angolas from Cachetnerc, and brilliants,
mid diamonds, arc not among the least insig
nificant. We should suppose the single sis
ters would generally be the most liberal in
their donations, as every dazzling belle struck
oirthe list of maidenhood leaves a better o-
peuing fur those untnurried.
POLITICAL.
Matrimonial Ladder.—Sir Jonah Bnr-
riilglon, iu giving some advice to fair dam
sels, whbu first nourishing tho tender pas
sion, describes what he calls tho matrimonial
ladder, which he says consists of eight steps
viz; ]. Attention ; '2. Flirtation ; 3. Court
ship; 4. Breaking the ice; S. Puppiug
question ; 6. The uegueiatiuu ; 7. The
oniony; 8. The Repentance.
A severe shock of an cutthquako was felt'at
Georgetown, Ohio, at about huff past ouo o’
clock. I*. M. on ihe’JOtli ull. The first up-
peiiraucc whs that ol a loud rumbling noise,
stiiveedgd by a tremendous sliuk ug. The
same was felt at M.iysville, Ky. about th
same hour uf the day.
The following is next tiling in evidence
concerning thv stone us big as “ a piece of
chalk."
” Were you travelling on tho uight this af
fair took place!’’
“ 1 tlimitd say I was, sir.’’
“ Yt hat kind pf weather was it?"
*t 1 shnual »ay it was a pretty considerable
kind of weather."
*' Was it raining at the time?"
, * ?! *'«>* «* dark 1 eould’ntsee it raining—
1 roll it dreadng, though."
“How dark wu» « p>
“ I hud no way of telling—hut it was not
light by i jog lull."
" Sgtft You Compare it to something!"
* f e° ili e l P compare it to
any imng. i should ray it was about as dark
IBxaMark of black cats ?”
London Police. At ftlnry-lc-bono, yes
terday, a pair of gems from the Isle, named
Bridget Noonan und Patrick Kelly was charg
ed with having assaulted Jeremiah Moran, a
Tipperary Journey-man tailor. The com
pluiuunl having been sworn, said Mis
thcr Keily, that’s the defendant, plays your
Wcnchip, lodged mo first flare back, and got
into me debt for the rint more than thirty
shillings, bad luck to the snwl of him, nnd
plays yor houner, I gut liiiit sworn to the debt,
but the spnlpeeu hits perjured himsolf, for he
har’nt paid me a sktirrick. Mr.. Chambers:
Had him sworn to tho debt; what do you
mean” Complainant: Bure an’ I had, for
whin 1 met him. I says, •» Paddy, do yor
mune to pay me 1" und says he, “ lie inofuit,
I do: bring me tu my oath and I’ll oath it.”
Then, yer honner, 1 lull him into the pub
lie house, and swore him on lito newspaper.
The Newspaper! Why what was the nuturc
of the oath? suys he, “ I hope Oi Id Nick
will twist the neck all' of me wid his tail, if I
don’t pay live shillings a week ; and then lie
kissed the newspaper in tho sumo way that I
liuve jist lost the book before yer Wcrlchip.
Mr. Chambers: Well, eotite to the assault.
Complainant: Whin 1 met Poddy Kelly
toulU hint the divil a halponny I’d got of Inin;
so up comes Mrs. Noonan, and gave me these
loo black eyes, ami said, “take it out of that;’
und then Paddy Kelly up'wid his, fist, und
guvo me two more. Mr. Chumbers: Did
you strike the complainant, Mrs. Noouun ?
Mrs. Noonan: 1 wish 1 mightn’t be mother of
my three blessed babes ntliome iff lifted piy
Imnd to Mr. Moran ut ull, m ail! Witnesses
were culled ou both sides, and tiller much
hard swearing, in which both -purtios were
clearly shown to be iu the right, Mr. Cham
bers decided on fining the defendants 5s,
ouch, und easts.
The following anecdote wus related to us
yesterday; A jury was recently empamtcl-
lod fur the purpose of trying a man on a
charge of murder. The testimony wus given
—the lawyers discussed tho various points of
the case—The Judge pronounced'his charge,
and the Jury retired. It was ascertained,
that eleven jurors wore in favor of acquital,
hut the twelfth declared his conviction that
the man was guilty—was particularly obsti
nate. ml alleged that ho would sooner stnrve
to death than’ jiormit- such a blood stained
monster as the prisoner to escape. » Very
well,’’ replied thomhor eleven, ‘, we are equal
ly determined ;” and after cxnusting all their
arguments in nn efliirt to change tho refracto
ry individual, they abandoned the contest, do
termini d to seo what. oil’eut quiet reflection,
und hanger would have upon Ins mind. Thus
several hours passed away—uight was com
ing on. and the weather from being mild and
agreeable, became stormy and cold. Tho ob
stinate juror shivered, looked out of the win
dow, und turning his eyes towards the gnthcr-
inc clouds, which threatened a snow storm,
wus heard toexeluim,—“ My poor bird! my
I'oor mocking bird will ceMmuly perish, if not
taken in : I must get nwuy from this infernal
jury—poor Dick ! thore is not sticli another
'bird in the country ! yes, he will perish: 1
must give in,” And he quietly walked over
to his brethren who were telling jokes at the
■'other end of the room—agreed to concur with
them and thus iu sympathy for a mocking
bird, consented to save the life of one tie hud
a few hours before denounced as n blood staiu-
cd murderer. Phil. Inq.
Cost of Wak.—The expenditures of sev
eral Colonies during the revolutionary war
almost exceed belief. We liavo no data by
which to cstimulo the disbursements of any
of them, except Connecticut; but tills may
be sufficient to enable tho public to make a
loose estimate of the aggregate amount. For
the pur|)ose of ascertaining the amount dis
bursed by Connecticut, we examined tho ac
counts in the Comptroller’s office, and were
perfectly astonished to find that they amoun-
'cd to tho enormous sum,-of twenty millions
one hundred nnd ninety-nine thousand five
hundred and thirty-one dollars and five cents.
This sum is made up of horns charged to
tho “ United Colonies and the U. Stules,”
and to “War,” and consequently contains
nothing for individual sacrifices of private
property, or losses by a depreciated continen
tal currency, bulb ol which were hnmenso.—
The war continued eight years, and the aver
age cost tu the little Colony of Connecticut
was $2,324,941 33, annually.
Hartford Review.
Cotton—Tho largest load of Colton ever
hr night iuto this port at one time came in yes
terday, on tho steamboat Dover with Iter'two
barges in tow. She brought 2317 bales, and
was apparently in good runtime trim despite
of her towering burthen.—Mobile. Advo. ■
From the Tuscaloosa Expositor.
Progress of Society.—State Rights.
Is there any progress of society ? Does the
world grow wiser as it grows older ? Is the
“march of mind,” so often talked of, some
times in enthusiastic sincerity, and sometimes
in ridicule, a real forward movement, or is it
all a honx ? These questions have been ag
itated of late more, we think, than in ordina
ry times. There is something in the evident
corruptibility of modern politicians, and the
evident degeneracy of the times which lias
led many to be very skeptical of that boasted
improvement of our race with which we are
often pleased to flatter ourselves. The writer
of this article has been, for many years past, a
believer in the progress of society, and he is
not willing to let the corruptions of the.times
deprive him of this comfortable article in his
moral nnd political creed. We admit the ex
istence of fluctuations, of temporary degene
racy, of a moral ebbing and flowing in society;
but we insist upon it that there is a gradually
(very gradually perhaps) increasing forward
wave, which finally more than overcomes the
counter current.
That it is often well to inquire after the
good old paths we admit; and the reason is,
that we should impinvo by experience., aud be
careful to wander from no way which was
proved to be a good one. If wc could learn
nothing by experience, it would be idle to re
cur to the past; and tho acknowledged pro
priety of that recurrence i’s an admission of
our power to choose the good and reject the
evil.
To apply these reflections to our political
history ; the times of the revolution are gen
erally regarded as times of comparative patri
otism ana political purity. Wo shall not call
tile truth of tills opinion in question. But it
will be admitted that men were not, even
then all.patriotic, and that the grand and spir
it-stirring events of thot day had a powerful
effect iu the formation of individual character.
As a whirld-.wiud, a tornado or 8 thunder
storm sometimes purifies the atmosphere and
banishes a pestilence, so may a revolution
sometimes render the political atmosphere
salubrious. Let it also be remembered that
that revolution was brought about by the un
just nnd tyrannical exuctioas of the British
Government. This revolution was a display
of the energy of society in its forward coutse.
A great political step was then taken forward,
which hns not been entirely relinquished.—
Wo have slidden back, it may be admitted,
and have become but tun servile in spirit to nn
arrogant ruler ; but surely we have not got
bach to that indiscriminate universal loyalty
to kinglv power which preceded our revolu
tion. .
When we would test republicanism! we ore
in the habit uf appealing to the fathers of the
faith in 1798 aud '99: how is this ? It is an
example like the one nlreadv' given. The
churucter of our republican institutions was
then tested by high claims of federal power.—
If those claims had not then been successfully
resisted, we should now have been living un
der a consolidated, if not n monarchical gov
ernment Tito triumph of tho republican
party at that time exhibits the energy of soci
ety put forth, when impeded in its forward
march, or rather, when an attempt was made
to turn it back. Republicanism, at least, kept
its ground. It did, perhaps something more.
It is probable that the true principles and the
philosophy of our federal system were then
better unfolded to public view tlion they ever
hud been before. Tho resolutions of Virginia
and Kentucky and Mr. Madison's report dis
sipated the clouds that hndfor some time hung
over State Sovereignty and State Rights.
We do well to recur to” those times that we
may loose nothing that was then gained, and
fixed, ns it was believed, ,on a permanent ba
sis. Until recently republicanism, as to the
doctrine of our federal relations, seemed to
sloep, for want of something to call it into ac
tive exercise. The stculthy steps of federal
encroachment failed for u long time to disturb
its slumbers. The enormities of the Tariff,
at length induced the people of the South to
recur to the doctrines of '98 and '99. The
spirit of republicanism wae aroused ; and the
abandonment of the protective system was
l he consequence. Still the principles of State
Rights are Dot sufficiently understood nor ac
knowledged as universally as they should be.
We have sometimes thought that, as all men
are sinners by nature and have to be taught
in those things that pertain to righteousness,
so we are all federalists at first—if not by na
ture, at least such are the views that are most
naturally and readily received. The mind
delights in simplifying tho objects of knowl
edge : and thore is nu mode of viewing our
complicated system of government which
seems so easy anti intelligible as this ; that
there is ono Supreme Government aud twenty
four subordinate ones ; that all the acts of the
hitler are void if not in conformity to the’ su
perior laws of the formor. Such is the no
tion wltich almost every man first forms
of our Slate and Federal Governments.—
This must oil he unlearned by the maa who
would make hintsclf thoroughly acquainted
with our political relations. 'Our political
history reverses the picture; or at least chang
es it so much as to make it altogether unlike
the first view. But men are not overly fond
of careful investigation and close thinking.
Indolence and federalism nro therefore nearly
allied. Thore is no truth more clear than
this, that onr republican system con only be
maintained by an intelligent people. If igno
rance is to overshadow our land, our liberties
are gone. To maintain them, tho people
must not only be intelligent, bat vigilant;
they must feel that tho government rests upon
their own shoulders; and that tho political do-
sthtios of their country are in their own keep
ing. Eveu in monarchies, where tho sove
reign is indolent, ho is sovcreignonly in name;
his favorites are the actual rulers of tho land.
Will tlte people attend to their own ntt'uirs,
nnd riot sutler the political managers of the
day to rule them? The question is a difficult
ouo; but wo will not despair of the republic.
from the Charleston Mereqry.
THE PRESIDENCY.
Though the views of your Washington
correspondent are certainly ingenous and stri
king, yet we concur entirely in your own con
clusion, that it is proper for South-Carollna,
for'the present at least, “to adhere most rigid
ly to the non -committed policy." What could
we possibly gain for our principles, by enter
ing into a. Presidential canvass in support of
any Jackson-man 1 The conclusions of your
correspondent, that the South ought to sup
port Judge White, are all based upon several
contingencies, which may never happen. It
is then, to say the least, very premature, even
tu consider what we ought to do in certain
events, when it is altogether uncertain wheth
er such events will ever take place. It will
be quite time enough, when brought to a choice
of evils, (for such must surely be considered a
choice between any two avowed Jackson men,
both.supporters of the Force Bill,) to deter
mine whether we will make the choice, or,
putting in a blank vote, leave events to shape
their own course. Nothing, it docs seem to
us, could be more fatal to the South, than lor
usto take ground in advance, in favor of one
of tho Jackson Candidates for the Presidency,
assuming that no other alternative would be
presented to us. Let us wait and sec. It is
much too soon even to think of such a thing,
Our course, it seems to us, is too plain to be
mistaken. We ate in a small minority, strug
gling for vital principles, on tiro maintenance
of which, wc believe, the rights of tho States,
the liberties of tho people, and, indeed, the
salvation of the Union itself, to depend.—
While we keep nloof from struggles for place
and link ourselves to the car' of no . political
aspirant, there is a power derived from the
moral elevation Of our position, but the mo
ment >vc descend into the arena, and engage
in the scramble for office, and especially if we
enlist under the banner of a leader known to
be hostile to our principles, we shall be shorn
of all our strength. I repeat, therefore, let us
keep aloof from this question of the Presiden
cy, aud if compelled !u the end to take a part,
lot the necessity for doing so be universally
seen and felt. To this hard cotidition, we
have not yet come. STATE RIGHTS*.
Gas.—Loudi n Inst year consumed a quan
tity of gas equal to-40,UU0,00U pound,- uf can
dles. It lias 47 gas siniions, built by 12 com
panies, with au aggregate i-iq-itul uf 11, 000,
000 dollars, and these arc insufficient to sup-
ply its wants. The use of oil, us B 'material,
lias long since been abandoned, aud rosiu 1ms
given place to coal.
Snow.—On Suiurduy night and Sunday
morning we had a slight fall of snow in tin's
city—suftieicutto cover.tho roofs of house.-,
unit the ground about uu iueb. The wealti-
er last evening was very cool and there was
every appearance of more enow ur hail.—.4u-
gusta jxipers.
Potato Starch.—Let. the potato be tu-
ken mid grated down to a puqi, and the pulp
placed upon urine seive, unit water made to
pass through it; the water will be loutid to
Imvp carried ou with it mi infinite number of
particles, which it will afterwards deposile iu
liie form of white powder, separable by decan
tation, winch powder is starch, ]hisst-ssiug all
tlte essential properties of wboaten starch.
Tito correspondent of the New York Cour
ier, dated Washington, Dec. 22, says—doubts
libvebcen expressed by some, whether Gen
eral Jackson really wished a war. I consid
er it certain that 1m does. “Sir,” said a good
and true Jaeksonman yesterday, “I have had
the honor of an interview with the old chief.
He informed me that he was determined to
have satisfaction from the French, jf j n 0 b-
taiaing it, every ship in our navy was to be
sunk, and the President added,—'TSvijf go
ou board one of them and sink with her, if
ucccssary.”
Tlte U. S. Troops stationed at this Post,
marched on Saturday last, for Camp King,
in pursuance of orders from the War Depart
ment. The Seniumlcs ure soon to be remo
ved beyond the Mississippi, aud it is presumed
that their presence is uecessarv to effect dial
object. Florida Her. 18th hut.
Missouri is the only State in the union,
which has not n Bunk incorporated by the
State Legislature. Tlte only Bank in that
State is ut St. Louis, and is a branch of the
U. States Bauk.
From the Southern VVhig.
NEXT PRESIDENCY.
There is considerable sp eculation going on
among the various letter writers from Wash
ington City upon the subject of the next
Presidential election. The Honorable Hugh
L. White, at present a Senator in Congress
from the State of Tennessee, having, some
time since been nominated by a number of
the public Journals of that State,as a suitable
person for President, has come to bo quite a
prominent candidate in the eyesof the people.
The Judge is an unexceptionable man so far
as private life is concerned, und his public,
career lias been marked by intelligence, firm
ness and integrity in an enviable degree—in
deed with the except! nof his vote in favor of
the Force Bill, we recollect no public act of
his life, which ought to detract from claims to
tho high office for which his neighbors and
constituents have recommended him. lie is
said tu be a man if tho most republican sim
plicity in his deportment, having been called
by tlte voice of his State to his present station,
from a private life to which ho had. retired 6cv
cral years previously, from the Supreme
Court Bench of Tennesseo.
W.e lourn from a gentleman who has re
cently received a letter from Washington, that
Mr. Van Buren is excessively polite alread-
y to Judge White, doubtless with a hope of
flattering him out of an opposition to him for
the Presidency, Thisisnn evidence, certain
ly that the J udge stands somewhat iu Magi
cian’s way, and that it would be policy to
have this’obstuclc removed in order to uiak«
“assurance doubly sure”—But we trust that
the Judge will exhibit firmness enough to re
sist the.temptntions with which he will be be
set by Van Buren on the ouo hand and the
threuts of Jackson ou the other, by suffering
Ins name to be run if his friends chose it. YYe
make no pledges—we declare for no man at
prosont—there arc men whom we prefer to
Judge White—but we must say that if the
contest is narrowed down to Vun Buren, Web
ster, Clay sad White, we shall undoubtedly
support Judge While us the best man of the
four—of course then wo prefer him' to either
of the three others.
$he navy.
Instead of the detailed report of rite Navy,
our readers will please take its results, at
shorthand, ill the following abstract.
"Tht Report of the Secretary of the Navy,
Containing little of importance save the ordi
nary annual statistics, we will for the present
content ourselves with a brief account of its
contents. The Navy consists of:
Now building, six ships of the line and sev
en frigates.
Ju ordinary, five ships of the line, two fri
gates and six sloops of war.
In commission, one ship of the line, four
frigates, eight sloops of war and six schooners.
Total, twelve ships of the line, thirteen fri
gates, fourteen sloops of war, and six schoon
ers.
To complete those building, and repair
those out of order $2,389,640 will be required.
In addition to these, it appears .that we may
commence the building of five ships of the line,
eleven frigates, seven sloops of war, and two
schooners!
'Our vessels in commission during the past
year have been employed, as heretofore, in
protecting the commerce in the Mediterranean,
in the West! Indies, on tht coast of Brazil, und
in the Pacific Ocean.
Our naval force, consisting of commissioned
and warrant officers, petty officers, seamen,
ordinary seumen, iaudstnen, and boys, a-
raouuts to 6,072: nnd our murine corps, un
der its new organization, will consist of com
missioned officers, non-commissioned officers,
musicians aud. privates, to the number of
1,283 : making a total of7,335.
T'te report informs us that the Dry Docks
at Boston and Norfolk are fully-successful, and
recommends one at New York. It also recom
mends the construction of several steam bat
teries for experiments; tlte increase of the sal
aries of cntnmauders on foreign stations; and
the removal of the marine barracks out of the
Navy Yards. It gives abatement of the Na
vy pension fund, its disbursements, and the
number of pensioners ; it informs ns that the
surveys of-the coast have been delayed by the
transfer of that duty to'the navy department,
and asks an appropriation of $30,000 for its
prosecution ; it states that the experiments on
the safety of steam-engines, directed by Con
gress have not been made, and mentions that
the site of the Naval Asylum in this county
has been ceded to tho Gcnornl Government
by this cornmoawealth.—Phil. Gazette.
A Washington correspondent of tho Boston
Allas has the following paragraph :
“ The following rumor was in very gener
al circulation at the capitol to day. Ton
days before the appearance of the message,
tho French minister called upon the secretary
of state, and urged upon him the expediency
of adopting a pacific tone towards France, Mr.
Forsyth assured him that nothing of a bellig
erent character would be recommended. Up
on tlte strengt.il of this assurance, tho French
minister wrote to his government, pressing
upon it the necessity of carrying-the treaty
into effect and making the requisite appropri
ations. Upon the appearance of tlte message,
with its hostile and menacing language to
wards France. M. Summer, as may be sup
posed, was much chagrined and disappointed;
and ho immediately sent off another despatch
upon tho heolsof his former one, recommend
ing his government to take no concern about
muling the appropriation; indeed not to pay a
sousmarque. The Troth of this reportisweil
vouched fur. It is very certain that the
French minister has had some deep cause for
offence; and his late refusal to dine with the
President is an evidence that some rupture has
taken ptuce. He has declared unreservedly
that w’ero lie a member of the chamber of de
puties, however disposed he might previously
have been in regard to satisfying tho claims of
our citizens, he would not consent to make
tlte appropriations after reading general Jack-
sou's message.
The Judiciary of Georgia and Tennessee,
have botlt declared the acts of those States in
regard to the Cherokee Indians, unconstitu
tional. What course the Legislature of Ten
nessee may take on this subject, does not yet
appear; but Georgia, it seems, requires one of
her Judges to resign his office, because his de
cision, they allege, is not according to tho
popular voice.
The degradation of this branch of govern
ment is of the most serious import to the com
munity. The proscription of the Judiciary
for political purposes,'is a growing sin of the
times. If a Government of laws is to bo
maintaiaed in this country, there must be an
intelligent, upright, and independent Judicia
ry-
When tills fails, every man's life, liberty
aud property, are put in jeopardy. No se'-
curity exists for either. The Demagogues
will advocate this state of tilings, if they think
it ministers to their ambitious, or tpnrcenary
views.
They have done it in New Jersey, and
will rei'eat it wherever und whenever *it suits
their interests, if they conceive they enn de
lude aud deceive the people by any specious
pretence they can press upon .the public miud,
to justify the deed.
N.J. State Gaz. gr
The Report of the Commissioner of the
General Land Office, which accompanies the
Annual Tresury Report, sets out with the fol
lowing rhetorical flourish :—
Sir:—In presenting fur your examination,
and for that of the Government, and for the
consideration of CongrnsR. the annual report of
the operations of this office, for the' entire vear
of 1833, und the first three quarters of 1834, it
affords trie much pleasure to state, that the
sales of the national domain are annually in
creasing with the tide of emigratiot to the
West and South West and the accumulating
population of those .fertile and extensive re
gions. In the time of peace and of nationul
prosperity, with u rapidly accumulating met
allic currency, tlte must powerful stimulus
to private enterprise and general industry, it
is safe to calculate that the annual amount of
this brunch of tho public revenue; will contin
ue to increase with the means of human hap
piness and general prosperity. It is the pro
vince of the statesman und of judicious legis
lation to furnish every facility to the accom
plishment of tiiose objects which, essentially
contribute to nationul greatness, and which
create those resources of defence end indepen
dence necessary to preserve the integrity ■ of
all government, and'to accelerate tlte march
of empire.' The vast territory of the yjQloy
of the Mississippi,, extending East aud West
from the Alleghany to the Rocky Mountains,
and Norl't and South from Upper Canada to
the Gulf of Mexico, present a scene for the.
cbnteinplation of ;hc philanthropist and politi
cal philosopher, and a field for the operations
of the Iegi-laior, of tile most sublimeeliuracter
and moral influeuce, us connected with hu
man society, hitherto unprecedented in tltenn-
nalsyftho world. With a,free white popnl itiou,
greatly exceeding that of the United States at
any period of the Revolution, with every
means of subsistence for tens of millions of po
pulation, aud with resources beyond the ne
cessity of human wants and human conveni
ence, with n climate more temperate and mild
and a soil more prolific and fruitful, titan any
whieh has hitherto been discovered, there re
quires no stretch of the imagination—no gen
ius of exaggeration—no confidence in prophe
cy—to anticipate the future revenue and
means of strength, prosperity, nnd happiness,
which the Divinity has designed and allotted
to the transmontane valley of North America.
Claims on France.—The Baltimore Re
publican contains the following paragraph, in
the shape of a communication:
“I believe few persons in this country are
aware, that at this moment, Louis, Philipc is
the real owner of at least one third of the
claims on France. General Bernard was the
agent employed to purchase them up, and was
sent to this country immediately after the trea-
ty-
“This is the cause of the Chambers refus
ing to make the appropriation, and so soon as
the President’s Message reaches Paris, the
French Government will be no longer able to
keep the secret, and I should not be astonish
ed to see the indignation of the people burst
forth in another Revolution.”
If there be any truth in. this statement, it
rauet have a very material boaring on our re
lations with 1> ranee. If the treaty under
which we claim wasacceded toby tile French
King, with a view not to the public good, but
to his own private emolument, tho Legislature
of that country are bound in duly to oppose
their constitutional authority to suchan ini
quitous proceeding; and true principles of
honor would dictate to our Government, to
spurn with indignation a pecuniary advantage
based upon fraud, instead of getting up a war
to aid ap, avaricious tyrant in swindling his
subjects. Columbia Times.
National Honor.—Could we bo persua-
de'd that the Honor of the Nation wore' at all
involved by oven a direct refusal of France to
pay our citizens tlte money in dispute, wo
would listen, with some degree of patience,
to the outcry which is made about its being
in jeopardy—because wo are not disposed to
submit to rea? National injustice and insult,
(such, for instance, as was exercised towards
us by great Britain previous-to the into war,)
auy more than thoso who are more clamo
rous. But we have never been able to ar
rive at the refined perception, vvhieh shows a
creditor to be degraded by an net of dishonesty
on the port of the debtor; and we must there
fore be allowed to express our decided oppo
sition to any warlike indications towards
France; because,
1. Miney, under any circumstances, can
not bo a sufficient pretext for sacrificing the
lives of our ancient friends and allies, the
French, or the lives and property of our own
citizeus:
2. A war would be the last way in the
world to secure the money in question; be
cause the first shot that is fired in each a war;
or the first ship that is. taken, squares the ac
count with the creditor—while the property
taken goesUi tlte captor, nnd not to the claim
ant on whose account the war was underta
ken :
3. Instead of MUlg-bettered in snch a con
test, we should be infinitely worsted: for,
while France has an immensely greater na
val armament than we have, onr merchant
hips outnumber her’s as ten to one. In ad
dition to which, privateers from every other
nation in the world would sail under the flags
of the belligerents, and seize the property of
each, as occasion might offer—a game in
which our interests would fie by far the great
est sufferers.:
4. Such war would increase internal tax*--
lion, burden us with another National Debt;
give excuse for a high tariff, enable tho
“ powers that be” to gloss over their preseat
extravagancies and corruptions, and prepare
the way (by giving aloosc to the vices attend
ant upon an inflamed and. successful soldiery)
for any ambitious leader to usurp supremo
authority, and grasp.the crown and sceptre.
. Western Caroliniati.
THE POST-OFFICE.
A letter from Washington in the Boston
Journal says—'“ Of the Post Office, interest
ing as tite subject is, nothing as yet transpires,
to which we can refer as altogether “ on au
thority;” still it is impossible that matters so
widely and so singularly interesting, as are
involved in the examination of this unfortutN
ate Department, can remain entirely secret
during tho inquiry. There will always ba
some escapes. And in this instance it m said,
is regarded as something stamped with fea
tures of a character particularly marked and
particularly ominous. The committees are
busy to the letter, and driving on the invests
gatioa with a determined and unflinching faithli
fulness. It is believed, confidentially, that
the disclosures will be entirely uuimagined,
and unrivalled, of a character that will whelm
the Administration in confusion, und strike it
dumb,’if any mortal thing can confuse or sik
fence it. Even the Soldier President, it is in
timated, will not have tho hardihood to stand
upin its defence, upon this terrible devclope-
ment. It must sink him utterly, if he dare is
or not, so there be any virtue in the Republics
and as to his vassals they will sink to a no
thingness never yet reached, when this pic
ture shall be unveiled It is probable that tho
curiosity as-well as anxiety to hear from this
department of darkness is general with you,
as it may be supposed to be all over the land.
Ii is a subject, this of newspapers, Ietfers,
franks, and their various accompaniments that
appeals to every citizen within the bounds of
the republic; aud the tnanaerin which its drif
velopcment shall be met, may be considered
as a strong test of the moral feeling of the
country. Ido pot hear when a report may
be expected, nor in which house we 6hall first
have it. Bat let it come when and where it
will, it will be deserving of an attention more
absorbing perhaps, than that of any other
subject that hns been submitted.”
From tho Goorgin Journal.
The execution of Denis N. Owens, who
was convicted at the term before the last of
the Superior court of Bibb county of the mur
der of John Munson, took place on Friday the
26th ult. at Macon. He had been respited
by the Executive, and application was made
in vain to the Legislature for a pardon.
Great multitudes of sorrowing people who
had assembled on the day first fixed forme
execution, lnmentinglhe awful fate of the itn*
linppv man, were so disappointed that some
talked of hanging the Governor in effigy, for
having respited him; not only, we may pre*
sume, as a pointed censure on that officer,
out as the best substitute they could fiud for
the spoctacl he had deprived them of.
Not disheartened however by one failure,,
the good people, men, women and children,
t urned out in great numbers on Friday, thoi; ?h
the day was far from pleasant; many ofthcnija
no doubt, encouraged by the moral certainty
that they could not be again disappointed.—
The prisoner professed conversion some weeks
we believe before the fetal day arrived. Hb-
ivas baptised in rite jail yard, by the Rev.
Mr. Holmes, a Baptist Clergyman, on tho
morning of his execution; and sustained him
self through the awful solemnities with great
fortitude and composure; being attended to
the last moment by 4 or 5 clergymen of as
many different denominations; all of whom,
addressed the crowd and took an affectionate,
leave of him.
We have long been satisfied that the execu
tion of the 'sentence of death in public is, in its
moral influence, any tiling but salutary.—-
Merc spectacles of violent death and human
suffering, blunt and indurate those kindly
feelings and nicer sensibilities of our nature;
on whlolf we so much depend for the chid*
enjoyments, aud some of the most important
interests of society. This is one effect; bnt
the most usual consequence of such exhibi
tions, is, that the crowd, are disposed, in see
ing his sufferings, to forget his crimes. Most
individuals present, would at that.inatant, save
him if they could. Tho fate of the victim:
he has sent to a last account, perhaps without
a moment for preparation, is all forgottonf
the object before them engrosses nil their sym
pathies, and amidst iho comfortings, and car-
essings and affectionatejleave-takings, usual
on such QCcastons, they are fed to look upon
the culprit rather as a martyr than as a crimi
nal. His oilenccs, how heinous soever they
may have been, sink almost out of view, and
simple justice seems to some as a cruel, and
to others, as an unnecessary severity. As to
detering from crime by the horror ofthe spec
tacle, all experience proves its inefficacy. Aa
many pockets are picked in England.under
the gallows as in any other crowd. Satisfied
as the authorities are, of these sounder views
of the subject, criminals have oflate been exj
ecuted privately in Eugland, and this great
improvement lias been adopted in New York,
Convicts are there now hung in the jail yard;
up body being present except the Sheriff and
his officers. We are not without a hope that
with us also, that while death is allowed to
bo inflicted by the law, (a proposition to which
we feel every - day a greater and greater re
pugnance,) the scene will be shrouded from
the public eye.
AUGUSTA, (Ga.) Jan. 1—Cottoh Crop.
\ —^'* 10 wr ’ lter °f this has a lot
of oOO hales of Prime CottOD, which he wilL»
dispose of on the following term’s :—If the
present crop of the United States should a i
meunt to
1.300.000 bales, he will take 13 cents.
1.275.000 do,' do 14 1-2do.
1.250.000 do. do. 16 do.
1.225.000 do. do. 171-2 do,
1.200.000 do. do. 20 do,
1,175,00) do. do. 23 do."
1.150.000 do. do. 26 do.
1.125.000 do. do. 30 do.
The above is the scale upon which the
Cotton can be purchased provided the pur
chaser will pay down fifteeu eents per pound,
mid each pnrty giving good bond and security
to settle the balance either way, dt the expi
ration of the Cotton year, according to the
result.
A line addressed to tho Editor, under retfl
name, shail mtot with prompt attention,