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T. &A0LAMD * O. W. BAIDWIOS,
PROPRIETOR*.
ASSISTED IN THE EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT
TBKM3—Trrke Dollar* per •nuum, payable fe-
variably it adatnce for new aubecriptiona.
No paper will be i'ocmninued while any arrearage la
due, unless at the option of the publiahera. aud
Kot'K dollar* will in all cun be exacted where
payment ia not made before the aspiration of the
subscription year.
advertisements
Conspicuously inaerted at 0!*B dollar per one hun
dred words, for the first insertion, and rirTY CERT*
for every subsequent contiuuante. A square in the
Enquirer is the space of eleven lines in vntall type,
C j ualning, as it does, one hundred words.
All \DV UR ns* HERTS sent to US Without specifying
the number of insertions desired, will be cor.tinued
until ordered out and ch arced accordingly.
Luo al AnvKRTiaEHEHT* published at ilia usual rates
and with strict attention to the requisition* of the law.
SilKRtrr's Sales under regular elocutions,must be
s ivenise 4 for THIRTY DAYS ; under mortgage fi fas
si*YY DAYS before the day of sale.
Sales of Land and Negro*», by Executory, Aomin-
istrators or Quardiana, for »IXTY DATs before the
•Uy of «ale.
Sales of personal property (except negroes) forty
Citations by Clerks of the Courts of Ordinary, upon
application for letters of administration, must ba
published for THIRTY DAYi.
Citations upon application for dismission, by Execu
tors, Administrators or Gu*rdi*u*, monthly for six
norths. .. . , .
Orders or Courts of Ordinary, (accompanied by a
copy of the bond or agreement) to mike title to
UnL must he published THREE Months.
Notices by Executors or Administrators or Guar
dians, of application lo the Court of Ordinary for
leave to sell the Lando- Jiegroesof an estate, FOUR
months.
Notices by Executors or Administrators, to the
Debtors and Creditors of an estate, t«»r six weeks.
” Letters to the Editors on business, must be
post r aid, to entitle them to attention.
A STRICT CONSTRUCTION OP THE CONSTITUTION AN HONEST AND ECONOMICAL
ADMINISTRATION OK THE GOVERNMENT.
VOLUME XIX.
COLUMHUS, GEORGIA, WEDNESDAY,
SEPTEMBER 23, 1846.
NUMBER 40.
LAND FOR SALE*
COLUMBIAN HALL, i valuable property
$150 REWARD!!
mil E above reward will be paid fur the apprelicn-
PITTMAN to
charged witli
rni
i aion and delivery of JACOB A. PITTMAN t
BOOK & JOB PRINTING,
tXECUVfcU AT TIMS urriCE WITH HEAT-
HEM AHD DISPATCH.
07“ And ns Cheap as at any oilier Office in
this section of ilie country.
attorneys.
LAW PARTNERSHIP.
T HE undersigned have associated as partners in
the practice of the Law. and will attend prompt
ly to all business confided to their care, in the coun
ties of Macon. Chambers. Tallapoosa, Russell. Bar
bour. Pike and Montgomery—and the {Supreme Court
of the Sta*e. They will attend the Chancery and
Circuit Courts of said counties.
iCJP O-Ti e in Tu*keoke. Macon county. Address
CHILTON A M’LEBTEll.
W. P. CHILTON,
W. W. M’LESTEK
July 15. 1846 3m 30
LUMPKIN, «A.
rilHB undersigned have taken charge of this large
I ami commodious Establishment, [recently occu
pied by Doctor Bedinofield.) and take pleasure in
announcing to their friends and the public generally,
that they are now prepared to accommodate, in the
ost comfortable manner, regular BOARDERS and j , ,
oitron duo larui a
acres
the Sheriff of Jefferson county, who
murdering a slave in said county.
For Slue* O* III addition to the above reword, for which the
fTRHli tubteribvr. itilemliug to remove to Lnuinians, f ub * 0 L lb ' r f mn "T"'j''iiOnv.rncir of aeorgi.
I, ensuing Winter, far tin pnrpn.e of en^sine making two hundre.l
TRAVELERS.
Their Table will be plentifully supplied with the
best the market can afford, and no pains will be spared
to afford comfort and ease to all who may favor them
with a visit.
They have connected with their establish menu good
STABLES, which will be provided with a plenty of
provender, and attentive (Jsilera.
The establishment will be under the immediate
charge of Mr. Prederice Beall, who will use
every exertion to render it agreeable and pleasant to
those who may favor them with their patronage.
O* Charges shall be moderate, to suit the times.
FREDERICK BEALL,
WILLIAM CARTER.
Lumpkin, April SC, 1816. !8tf
1 the ensuing Winter, lor the purpose of engaging ~!Tj V w
In Hie culture of Sugar, offer. fur i.le the whole nf *" d ■'ollar^
his real estate adjoining the city of Columbus. It
consists of a valuable Farm on the river, containing
between four and live hundred acres, nearly all good
high state of cultivation, with eighty
GREEN ROBERTS.
THOMAS A. McBRIDE.
WILLIAM S ALEXANDER.
well timbered pine land attached....
Il is well supplied with all necessary out-buildings.
ALo a handsome private resilience, commanding
beautiful view of the city, and has attached to it about
Tlioinnstoii Hold*
TARPLEY T. P. HOLT,
Would most respectfully inform
his friends *nd the public, that
has taken charge of this large
i commodious Hotel, formerly
occupied by Mr. Hicks, where it
will be his pride and pleasure to
infortable who may call upon him
Description.
The said Pittman ia about thirty-five years of age,
feet 8 inches high, round shouldered, red complex-
n. light hair, blue or grey eyes ; has a scar on tho
^ ..... fil*' cheek, extending from near tiie angle of the jaw
pine and mostly go-nJ pine land. and’YportiwT'ol U j towards the mouth j his two front upper teeth (per-
finely timbered.* The out buildings xro mostly new | h "P H more ) out - " n<1 countenance. When lie left
and good. fie wore off » checked coat with large poakeit ou the
He has, also, • few detac.hed building lots. I outtide, pants of * leaden color, and a bell crowned
The Farm and Residence will be sold together, or I with nap worn off. He rode off a sorrel horse
separate, ns may best suit purchasers. ” Am ~” " r “ M — * u —
render all tliose
repair. His table shall be supplied with the best
which the country affords, and his stables bountifully
provided with provender and attentive hostlers. His
charges Shall be moderate, anti he hopes,by diligence
■lid attention, to meet thA approval of all who tnay
call at his Hotel.
Sept. (, 1846. 36 if
i apply to the subscriber, neat
WILLIAM L. WYNN.
September 2, 1846 37 if
O" Times and Democrat will copy four times.
DWELLING FOR SALE.
rnHE subscriber wishing to livo in the suburbs of
1 Columbus rather thnn in the city, will tell on
good terms the House and Lot he ia now occupying.
WM. DOUGHERTY.
Sept 2, 1840 tf 37
with n deep cut in one of the shoulders, the property
of Dr. Wiliiom Houser. When last heard of he was
at the house of Mr. Phillips, in Sumter county, enqui
ring the road to Zoia B. Ha.vslip’a; he wns then rid
ing the same horse very thin io flesh, and had a wal
let instead of saddle bags. He seems to be making
his way by private ways, and some limes tells he is
from Houston, afothers from Irwin. It is probable
he hits changed his name, and is making his way to-
wnrds Florida or Alabama.
Sept 9, 1846 lm 38
THE ENQUIRER,
C0LUMM8, SATURDAY, SEPT. 19,
j Wo publish the Annexed sketch merely tograti-
j fy Iho curiosity of those who may desiro to know
I something of the piece nf Mexico that is to be
j conquered.
[Fisher's National Magazine.}
A SKETCH OF CALIFORNIA.
I The first Settlers—Missions—Indians—Ag-
I ricullure—Horses and Cattle-Farms—
Ports-Mines—Forests \ Timber—Cli
mate—Population and advantages to the
United States.
Com illusion Merchants* Ac.
WAREHOUSE.
notice that in conse
quence or the death ot uieir late partner, Mr. K.
N. Rusk, the business will be continued under the
firm of Huse, Fallen At Brice, at the
well known
DAVIES & ROCKWELL, I
Attorney* al Ln\%» they renew the tender nf their services to their friends
TROUP VILLE. Lowndes County, Ga , ■"'» die public lor the transaction of
-IT7ILL practice in the Court, of 'he Southern J ComiTtissioiL BltsillCSS aitli tllC Storage
forwn, MSu^iS'nJmiuotL“rFlorid,?""^ J " j of Cotton and other Merchandise,
| C. 8. Rockwell. 1 pledging themselves to use all exertions to render
Om 30 ' satisfaction to those confiding business to their charge.
O" They are prepared to make the uaual ADV
T. B. Davies,
July 15.1846
DOTAL & OOOPSRi
Attorney* at Lnw,
CULLODE.N, MONROE COUNTY, GA*
H AVE recently entered into a partnership in the
practice of Law, ami will continue the practice
in all the counties of the Flint circuit.
All ntuters submitted to their care will meet with
prompt attention.
L. T. DOYAL, L. W* COOPER.
Feb 25, 1346 10-ty
CKS to Planters on Cotton stored t
will also give their best attention to
ton, when desired; and will cxecuti
Bugging, Hope mut Groceries.
Tbeir rates for Storage arc the same ns heretofore
ing or
s for
established.
JOHN C. RUSK,
RICHARD PATTEN.
RICHARD T. BRICE.
Columbus, 8*pt 2,1846
Ware-House and Commiasion
Business.
T HE undersigned have taken the Brick Fire-Proof
Ware House known as " Yonge. Garrard A
Hooper's." for the traiiancliou of the above Business,
which will receive our personal attention, assisted by
Mr. Wm. P. Y(>NOK. who will devote himself, as
heretofore, exclunivclv to the some. We ihereiiirti
■oming cmmliei of Tbs South, Western Ciicult of 0.. flatter our,cl*e. that we will merit .net receive the
Ami „l,o 1,1 tho .djoining cauatic, of Allbsm., ; «*• _ llb «» l , P«tro*ige I'oromforc I,mowed to the
w
A. G- FOSTER,
Attorney itl Law,
COLUMBUS, GEO.
ILL practice in the Court# of tbjacveralcoun-
i of the Ciiallaiioochee Circuit, and the ad-
FOIK SAL 12,
mHE HOUSE AND LOT where 1 urn now liv-
1 ing. in the immediate vicinity of 4'nlumbua.
Also— Mv Plantation in Russell county, Alabama,
com,tilling 966 acres, about 500 cleared ami in line or
der lor making first-rate crops.
rCT* Any person wishing to purchase, will please
«*U ami examine the premises—price ami terms upon
application. T. B HOWARD.
August 12, 1846 tf 34
LAND FOR SALE.
ril H E subscriber is offering for sale on liberal terms,
1 at a price that cannot fail to suit a purchaser, u
rich settlement of
Onk mid IlirViory Lund.
lying leu miles South of Tuskcgee, in Macon county,
Alnoamu.on the waters ofCalcha Greek, well adapt-
ed to the growth of Cotton, containing 640 acres, with
ICO in a good state of cultivation, in a choice neighbor
hood of society, convenient to a Church ami a good
Male and Female Academy. The place has been
settled about six years, and has proved to he unques*
tionahly healthy. If the settlement should bo too
large. I will divide it in any way to suit a purchaser ;
ami Colton will lie taken in all the payments, at a
may be agreed on, if preferred. For for-
cuUra apply to the subscriber, on the prein-
L. B. PHILLIPS.
12,1846 if 34
• thi
ther part
ises.
Augm
Vultmblc Lfinal mid Negroes for
Sale.
yyiLLbo sold at tho C
in November next
One thousand eleven and a half ocrcsof land, lying
ise in the town of
Newnnn, Coweta county, on thu first Tuesday
One Hundred Dollars Reward.
R UN AWAY OR STOLEN, on tho night of the
2.1d ult„ from the plantation of the subscriber,
near Mo unt Meigs, Montgomery county, Alabama,
two negro boys—one about 30 years old, dark color
ed,.five feet ten or eleven inches high, and when spo
ken to Inis a downcast look ; the other shout 40 years
old, about five fcot eight or nine inches high, bright
color. Both tho above boys are intelligent, and if not
stolen, may have forged passes. The black boy is by
the name of George,and was raised in North Caroli
na; the yellow boy Bob was raised in Georgia. I
will give the above reward, if stolen, for them and
the thief, with proof to convict, or twenty-five dollura
for the two boys lodged In any jr.il no that I can get
them. ALEXANDER Mel)ADK.
Bept 9, 1846 6t 38
8*Jtl Kcivnrd.
R AN AWAY from the aubscriher, in Russell
county, Ala., about the 29th April, a negro man
named JIM. Ho is 27 years old, linn u dork brown
complexion, countenance smooth, bright and intelli
gent ; speaks quick when spoken to, ami is inclined
lobe very talkative; lias n scar on one ol hia eye
brows, ami. I think, another on his left upper lip; he
in u well-built, handsome fellow, wr-iglm about 160
pounds ittid is about six feet high. He will in all prob
ability deny to whom be belongs.
1 will give the above reward for bis apprehension
and confinement ao that I get him.
JNO. R. BILLUPS.
Columbus, J lino 17, 1646 26 if
Twenty-five Hollins llewiiril*
T HE above reward of twenty five dollars will he
given for the npprehensirm of one AUGUSTUS
OLIVER, and his delivery to Curtis Peterson, of
Georgetown, or to the Sheriff of Randolph county.
The said Oliver fled bin country for an assault with
an attempt to murder, by culling ami slabbing the sub-
scribvr in nine different placon. The said Oliver in
about 5 feci H or 10 inches high, black hair, black
beard and black akin; and when talked to,has u sly,
Inwn look, ami will not look you in tho fuce—aud in
standing, lie bends hack very much in his knees, and
walks very awkward. He is abo
Georgetown, Aug. 19. 1816
Thirty Hollins ifiewurd.
I UN AWAY, on the t
REFERENCES
Messrs. Harper H Holmes, .
" W. bearing Sons, Charleston, 8. C.
" pno A Nesbit. Macon. Ga.
“ N.G. Foster A A. O. Foster, Madison. Ga.
Columbus, Oct. 1, 1845 41 ly
Gainer & Ellington,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW,
Offices al FortGaineh and CuiHBEUT, Georgia.
I former proprietors,
j We will be prepared to afford to our customers and 1
friends the usual facilities vit ■. Furnishing them with |
Bagging, Rope, Ac. Ac. and making liberal advances >
on Cotton in Htnrc or intended for Shipment. Our ■
rates of Ktorage, Ac. will be the name as other Fit e- J
Proof Houses R. HOOPER,
J. I. RIDGEWAY.
Columbus, July 20,1846 32—if |
WAREHOUSE
in the third district of Coweta county, on New Rf
ten miles south of Newnsn. on the road to LaGrange.
There are on tho premises five hundred seres of laud
in a high atnie of cultivation, and five hundred in the
woodn, well timbered. Tim improvement!* are a two
story dwelling house, gin house sml screw, ami grime-
ry, snd other outbuildings. The situation is healthy,
the water good, convenient to on academy, ami socie
ty number one. . . Y
Also, on the first Tuesday in January next, will be | ow { bov. about95 years old,.bushy head, 5 feet 6
sold in the town of Newuan, all the negroes belong- I •J ,0 hea b
ing to the estate of Young Stokes, consisting of men,
women and boys.
Also, on Wednesday, the day thereafter, will he
sold on the premises, all the perishable property be
longing to said estate: one lot of horses and mules,
stock uml pork hogs, cattle and sheep, and about six
hundred barrels of corn, fodder and oats, household ;
tgomcry, n ycl-
I to
j inches ingii, rntlier spare I
for rings, ami is quick spoken aud intelligent. It is
thought he will disguise himself by shaving his head,
Ac, and that lie tnny geilorged papers as ho has done
j before. He is u bsrbcr by trade, aud calls himself
1 Henry Sheppard. Twenty dollars will be given for
apprehension in this county, or thirty dollars
FLKMP*~
associated themselves COMMISSION BUSINESS.
I to all buai
FMllE undersigned, having
i in the pructice of LAW,
ness entrusted to them in the counties of Randolph,
Early, Baker. Lee and Stewart, of Georgia—and
Henry and Barbour, of Alabama. . , , ,
IT* Letters addressed to the firm at either of the “ nnl, 1 l
abjvo places, will meet prompt attention.
1 SAMUEL GAINER,
EDGAR C. ELLINGTON.
May 31,1816. -’3 tf
furniture, Ac. Sale to continue from day today until
all ia sold.
The above properly in sold agreeably to the will of j
Young Stoke*, late of Coweta county, deceased, for
the benefit of tlm heirs. There will be a credit of 12
months given on the above property, with the pay- j
tnent well secured. Persons wishing to pttrchatio a
good settlement of laud and some likely negroes, 1
would do well to givn their attention.
AUGUSTUS H. STOKES, Executor. !
Aug. 26, 1U46. :i6-ts
Valuable* Land for Kale.
• Land lie
M. JOHNSTON,
ATTORNEY Al LA IF,
COL.UMBUM, GA.
Refers to—Samuel J. Ray A Co. 1
William B Johnston A Bro. > Macon.
Powers A Whittle, J
John McGough, Esq Columbus-
April 8, 16,6. >»-tf
THO KAN IB. KEEP,
Attorney at Lnw,
GIHARD, ALA..
Will practice in the counties of Russell, Chambers.
Macon and Barbour, Ala.
31 6m
Macon and Barbour, Ala
July 22, 1846
wn. C. PE It KINS*
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
CUTHBERT. GA.
*xyFILL practice in tbs counties of Randolph,
\Y Stewart. Early, Lee tod Bsker.
April 92, 1846. 16tf
JOHN L. STEPHENS,
Attorney at Law,
Lagrange, geo.
Will attend the Courts of the Coweta Circuit, snd
Harris Court of the Chattahoochee Circuit
March 18, 1846 13 ly
milE undersigned will continue the above busi-
1 at his OLD STAND, (opposite H. 8.
jo's.) nod respectfully solicits patronage j
from hi* friends and the public, which he hopes to j
; merit by giving his undivided personal attention to the
' interest nl his customers.
O' His chahof.x will be for the Sjouagv. of Cot- ,
ton 25 cents per Buie, You Till, skason Oilier Pro- ;
I duce and Merchandise at corresponding rates. j
EDWAIUf J. HARDIN. j
Columbus. Ga., 8*pt 2, 1846 Jlf 37 j
Carlton R. Moore & Co.
So 9 Sfoi-lh Front street,
PHILADELPHIA,
COMMISSION JMEKUHAN /’.s',
K.irtlm hqIo of COTTON. Colton Yum,
and Domestics.
Refer to—Messrs. Murchison, Reid A Co.
J. D. Williams, Esq.
E. J. Hale, Esq FaffclUvilli, N. C.
M. Townsend. Esq., Marlboro Manu
facturing Gomp’y.. .Bennetutille, S. C.
April 8. 1646. 16-ly ,
BEAltlL CALHOUN A CO.,
AUCTIONEERS, APPRAISERS,
AND
GGiYfiRAL BROKERS,
No. 8 Banks’ Arcade,
NEW ORLEANS,
i Whitesvilie, Htid containing one
thousund and eighty-nix acres, four hundred nnd fifty
acres are cleared and in cultivation,one hundred and
fifty of which i„ fresh land. The improvementa arc
tolerubly good The Plantation i*» well watered, hnv-
ing on ii a number nf excellent springs. Negroes will
be taken in part payment
Any porcon desirous of purchasing, will apply to, '(Li
the undersigned, living near Piedmont Post-otftce, iu I p| ar *| )U r n p ranrr
I Bosworih Thos C
Bates P O
1INO FREEMAN.
August 19, 1846 (lw 35
9100 Kewuril.
R AN AWAY or stolen from tho Plantation of
, Mrs. Anne K. Shepherd, of Stewart county,
Georgia, some time in tho innntli of March last, her
negro hoy AUSTIN, about eighteen years of noc,
lull ami well built, of light complexion, thick lips uml
rather a dull look. One hundred dollars will be paid
for the above named negro, with the scoundrel who
carried him off; or fifty dollam for the negro.
EDWARD T. SHEPHERD, Agum
for Mrs. Anno E. Shepherd.
Ftowert co. Feb. 18, 1845 y ,f
Tho Tallahassee Star will publioli three times snd
forwnrd their account
From die following interesting sketch of
California, we are indebted to Alfred Kobin-
son, Esq., author of a very popular work cal
led “ Life in California." recently published
by Messrs. Wiley Sc Putnam, N. York.—
Mi. Robinson resided n considerable time in
that country, was a close observer, and both
in the work above mentioned, and in litis lit
tle sketch lias spread before his fellow citi
zens an amusing and instructive account of a
part of the Western Continent, which is yt-
crrasingly attracting public attention :—
The extensive tiact nf country comprised
under this name, constitutes, at present, part
nf the Mexican Republic, and tvns once in
cluded m the Vice Royally of New Spain.—
It extends from Cape St. Liicus, along the
border of the great Pacific Ocean, to the
forty second degree of north latitude, and
is bounded on the east by the lxnIf of Cali
fornia, the river Colorado, and thu Indian
territory.
La Vicja, nr Old California, was discover
ed in 1834, hy an expedition fitted out by
Human Cories. It consisted of two ships,
commanded hy Hernando CJrijalba and Die
go itercerrado Mendoza, who being separa
ted during the first uighi'of their voyage were
tillable to prosecute their discoveries together.
Scnor Uiijalha, sifter navigating three hun
dred leagues north of Tehuantepec, made
land near the southern extremity of Califor
nia nnd returned to New Spain. lierceira,
less fortunate, was murdered by Ortun Jime
nez, Ihk pilot, who look the lead of a mutin
ous faction on board, anti fearing the wrath
of Cortes, continued hts voyage in search of
other land. Arriving at a place called after
wards La Pahia dc Santa Cruz, he landed
and was attacked by thu Indians, in which
conflict he and twenty others perished ; thus
receiving tho just penalty of their wicked
ness. The crew returned to New Spain with
the ship, and reported favorably of their dis
coveries, which determined Cones to super-
, intend m person another expedition, wherein
35 ! he ascertained that California was not an in-
| land as had been supposed. Other subsn-
1 quern attempts to explore the country were
' made hy the Viceroys of New Spain, but no
important effort for its setttlemcm took place
j until the years 15UG aud 1G02. The method
| of colonization hy the Spaniards, was by es
tablishing missionary posts, and in converting
; tho Indians to Christianity, whom they Inca-
I ted at the various points of their religious
conquests. In this performance the primi-
i live fathers suffered many trials, and in many
1 instances martyrdom. Yet, notwithstanding,
their hopes were at length realized, nnd they
: tiiumphantly beheld the subjugation of
the whole country to the banner or the
1 cross.
Alla or Upper California, was first visited
by Juan Rodriguez Cnprillo, a Portuguese,
under the patronage of the Viceroy Senor
Don Amount Mendoza. Cabrillo set sail on
lage, with boiled dried meat. After break'
last they went to their labors either in th c
workshop or the field. At noon thc tolling
of a bell announced the hour for dinner,
when the Indians quitted their work, nnd re
paired to receive their rations as nf breakfast
time. After dinner they returned to their
work until the evening ceremony of prayer,
when all repaired to thcchurch, and the sup
per of atolc wound up thc performances of
the day. Tho girls and widows wetc kept in
separate rooms while at work during the day,
and at night the unmatried of both sexes
were locked up separately; the keys being
delivered always to the missionary, who se
verely chastised any breach of this custom
when delected. Thus the Indians were hap
py, and venerated the men who had made
them so.
The immense herds and flocks belonging
to the missionaries yearly increased their re
sources, and they became of important ac
count to the government, inasmuch as it was
almost entirely dependent on them. At many
of the establishments I saw accounts against
thc government amounting to over one hun
dred thousand dollars, besides many large
amounts owed by individuals, who were never
expected to pay them. This did not, how
ever, affect the missions nor weaken them in
the least, for their possessions were enntimi*
ally increasing, and they wero prosperous in
deed# Rut alas! this state of things exists
no longer. Since 1834 the priests have been
deprived of their property, and '.he missions
have been entirely destroyed, under the
scandalous administration of certain hiiclings
of the government. Thc following returns
of 1834 and 1842, may be interesting :
"1. In 1834 the Indian population of the
‘Jl missions amounted to 30.G50; in 1842, to
4,450-
"2. In the former year the number nf
horned cattle was 424,000 ; in the latter, 28,-
220.
"3. At thc same period thc number of
sheep, goats, and pigs, was 231,500; at the
latter, 31.G00.
"4. In 1834, thc number of horses, as
ses. mules, dec., was G2,500; in 1842, it was
3,800.
"5. The produce in corn. <Vc., has de
creased in a much greater propoition—that
of 70 to 4."
These facts will prove the blind zeal on the
part of the government, in its imprudent
measures for secularizing the missions, which
have caused such results, ami thu return of
thc Indians to their old customs in thc moun
tains.
For several years after the revolution broke
out in Mexico in 1622, the white population
of California was very limited, and could not
have exceeded four thousand. At the dif
ferent Presidios certain officers were appoin
ted to receive such duties as might be ob
tained from any vessels arriving in their re
spective districts; and in this way the gov
ernment received a small revenue, by impos
ing a trifling per centage on the value of the
goods sold. Thc same practice continued
till 1828, when Don Jose 51arie dc Eachand
was named commandant-general, who placed
a collector at the port of San Diego, and
oilier subordinate officers at Monterey and
Santa Baibata. The Mexican tariff was now
introduced, and the general government to
encourage thc settlement of tho Californias,
awarded that two-fifths of the duties cstnb
lished, should be deducted on all goods land
ed in that countty of foreign importation.—
This regulation however, has ceased to ex
ist, and tho importer is now obliged to pay
the full extent of tho tariff rate, which on
some articles amounts to over one hundred
and fifty percent, on their fust co>f.
The nett amount of revenue seldom
n viiyugo la Il»e nnnli on tl,« 27ili Juno, 1542, [ c0 ®; lei U ih :myy<:ir, over eiglily lliou.iiml
nml uni-lioreil at moat of (lie imm, alone llte ,l, ‘" 8 " ,l,i “ M,l,en .“ dcliclon,; 3' lu,j| ‘ l ,h,cc
A List off Letlers
R emaining in the i»o«i onicc «t
Georgia, September li,f, 1846.
Armil,I J H
Adam
Burn.
Harris county, Georgia.
August 26, 1846
Valuable Plantation for Salts
rilHE hufinerib»*r having more lund tlmnlie renuir
J offers Ibi •
A H
Brunet J M
Burnside Win
Brandon H I*
Bislmi) R N
Barton H W A Jno
Berry Mias E A G F
Bryant Benj
LAW NOTICE.
C HRISTOPHER C. SCOTT and ABNER A.
8TITH. practice law In partnership, under the
firm of 6COTT A 8TITH, in all the Court* of Law
and Equity in South Arkansas, and in the Federal
C Mirtsi the eity of Little Rock.
KT* Office si Camden. Wathiu county, Arkansas.
Sept 9,1846 6in 38
urlirl Tract of I 1
, »d price. It is within eight miles of
iho city nf Montgomery, conlnina 1523 acres; 1120
seres of which arc cleared nnd in cultivation, and lion
growing upon it a crop equal to any in the State. There Beers Ed
it conveniently attached to the Tract fifteen acres of ; Honan! Win
Imid. upon which there is a comfortable and well (in- j Bcnl N H
ished residence, healthy and in a very pleussut neigh- i Clayton Geo C
bnrhood. Tho plantation is iibundanily supplied with ! Cooper B K
good water, hits a good Gin Hnuae with cast gear, no- Cnx Georgians
S ro houses, nnd in abort, every convenience ready to Campbell John
io hand of n purchaser, no ihut n full crop might be Clark Dsnl
expected the first season. Corn can he contracted for Chappell Kdw’d
to be delivered at 37} cents per bushel, or less, in any G'rnwly Julia A
quantity. I Craft Win H
The price is $3 000—fo.GGU cash and the balance Cobb Matilda
arranged at twelve months with approved paper. i C’odett Emma
JESSE l\ TAYLOR. Crew E
Sept 2, 1846 (Ala. Jour.) 37 tf
J. A. BEARD.
Oct 22. 1845
J MO. CALHOUM
703L3 A 07BSHA1T,
Dentists,
( Oppotiu Pond A WUlcox'a Drug Store, up itairtj
COLUMBUS, Gjco.
1 vstion of the Teeth, and health
the moat skilful anJ permanent manner—and mount
Premium Teeth on Fine Gold Plate in the best style
of the Molern Art, on reasonable terms.
References given, and specimens exhibited when
desired.
A supply of superior Tooth Towder. Brushes,
Tincture. Floss Siik.Ac. always on hand for sale.
J. FOGLE. C. T. CUSHMAN.
March Uth, 1H46. 12lf
Chemical Biil«ain« or Hair lu-
vlvornlor*
A REMEDY for ail diseases incidental to the
HAIR, and it* restorative in all cases where
baldness is not beyood the reach of art.
Af sells oj the Chemical Balaam, or Hair Incigoratur.—
It prevents baldness, it removes dandruff and cuta
neous scurf, it keeps (he hair in i’j natural color and
prevent* it from turning grey. Jl is now presented to
the world with a firm fiefierthat ss a beautiful and
healthy restorative of the Hair, it will be found, on
(rial, unequalled.
Prepared solely by E. P1IALON.2M Broadway
A. K. AYKK. Agent
Nor. 5. 1815. (46-tf) In Columbus. Ga
J. It. HKAllD.
44 ly
ANDREW 8 COOKE. AMOS HORN.
COOKE X HORN,
COMMISSION MERCHANTS,
13 St. CUarles atreet,
NEW ORLEANS.
Oct 22. 1845 44 ly
Wn. II. KI.UBBOUGII Sc Co.
COMMISSION AND FOBtVARDlNU MERCHANTS,
Apalnchlcoln, Flu.
WM. H. KIMBROUGH, H. B. KIMBROUGH.
Liberal Advances
M ADE on Cotton oon.igned to u., Tor «n!e or Tor
ro shipment to No— Orleao,, New.York or
Boston.
J. I. KIDGWAY, ia our Agent in Coluinlua.
Dec 17 1845 52 *f
STRONG 6i WOOD’S
FASHIONABLE
SHOMMT STORE,
f AS been purchaaed by the eulm-ribera, w
Carter Francis
Cratnin Win K
Dnrie Marshall C
Daniel Matilda
Dingle Mr
Dow Mary
Dnxier Elizabeth
Elder Hartwell
Elliott John
e .•uhs. ribera, who will .. . ,
the Old Stard, where Brnette Adutpli
their friends and the pub r ra * er 1
ally 1
H continue the bui
they will be pleated to a<
lie generally at all litnea.
Their stock is good, and osnortmenl inferi
non® in the city—aa it embrace* every article u
found in similar establishments.
Their pricea shall accord with thc litnea, and
effort will be made to make it the interest of the pub-
lie to extend that patronage which is respectfully ao- fj 0 ,} u ... „
licited. ” aM ® r .'. nKI *7
\T3‘ All articles sold by us are warranted to prove
as represented.
WYNNE A CHANDLER.
Thus. K. Wyxkk,
I. C. Chakdlkh.
Columbus, May 13, 1846. 21 tf
Fowutirrge John
Floyd Ithey
Feiser A Reinhardt
Green Johu E
Griaoin Harrissou
.2 o.i*
Heerd Mr
Harris Johu
Hnllenbeck Mr
Hackney
NOTICE.
Howell Thos W
Hammond Hightower
Hearn Win
Johnson A S
J lions Win R
TUOJVIASTO* FACTORY COT
TON OSXABUBGft.
W E have been appointed agents for the sale of |
the food* manufactured oy the Thomaaton !
Factory, and are now prepared to aupply applicants '
at the lowest market rates
RUSE, FATTEN A Co I
Golumhut. Nov. 10, 1845. 47 tf
A LL persons indebted to STRONG A WOOD, Jenkins Amelia
•"> '» nittk. immediate |.ajr„etil to j efr ,„ n „ 3 A
the subscribers, who are authorised to close the bust. J ( ,h,mou L F
ness. They will 0K0 settle oil demands against the ' j-fL,,,.., (! 0 lbv R
above firm. WYNNE A CHANDLER, j j" n Is F C
Notice to Cotton Planters,
factory, by the late freshet, we have again estab
lished ourselves in the old Manufactory, situated
the bank of the river, In Girard, Ala.
Keys, Willson A Co
Kuotta Solo'n J
Knowls Wiley
Kellett E R
Lloyd J J
Leu Burwrll
Lockwood George
Lewis Charles
Commission Merchant and Factor, 1 . A
“ W IS-iEi" , " ore “ we ,n,jr ""*• i-3 >■
We are thnnkful for the liberal patronage hereto- ^ \y
fore extended to our Establishment, and hope, hy con- : « , . ■■ A
tinued exertions to please thoae who purchs»e COT- »•.;«- itin-fienl
lew-York, Liverpool or TON GINd from us. to merit a continuance of the »• , • **‘
L. F. B. DUGAS. -«*- M,,Und * ,r
AC Apalachicola* Flit.
r|lllE subscriber, Commission Merck
tor at Apalachicola, Floridu.ia
Consignments made
his friends in Ncw-York, Li
■red to make
Apalachicola, Nov 19, 1645.
Rkycrkhccs:
Pi 1 lot A LeBarbier,
Thos. J-Roger A Co.
Wm. Hearing,
A. Sibley,
Artentss Gould,
Garde lie A UUtud.
Pjtray A Son, *
48 tf
Augusta,
TON GINd from
same.
£7 liar AIRS will be executed at the shortest no
tice, and all work done at the establishment warranted
to give satisfaction.
K. T. TAYLOR A Co.
(E^ Orders which have been given to the firm of
Brown A Rose, for Cotton (Jins, will be filled from
this establishment, a* arrangements have been nisvle
to unite the interests of b-»tl» Manufactories into one.
15. T T. A Co.
May 6 1816. 20 tf
Moris Wilson
Muslnpher Sand
Mnotey Mr
Mack Martha
Moreland A F
Moreland Joseph |
Miller A Tompkins
McCormick John
McOruder Arch'd
McKinney T «
McFarland J B
McComon Owen
McCall James L
Nolen I’ H
Noland Dr W W
Oswalt Joseph
Odom Nancy
I’iggart W
Pace Elkaunh
Pettea Gilb-rt
Phillips John
Pickard Y S
Platt II B
Pule John F
Pride Win
Paulk Uriah
Rodgers James G
Row ii r John A
Royster Joun H
Reed Franklin
Rogers A F
Robinson Rebecca
Rogers Wrn
Kicliards J J
Rodirgvs 8 I> F
Rousseau James
Rose \V A T
Statescnga Benj
8app John M
Smith Win II
Speight Mr
Stewart L S
Saltor Rebecca
Snead Lavmia
Stroud Nancy
Sandiford Margate!
Seal Minty
Stanly J G
Smith Nancy 11
Stephens 6 F N
Smith J
S 8
Spain Nelson
Sneed Mary J
Thompson James J C 3
Taylor Wm
Tilley James
Tickelpitchcr Timothy
Thomas David
Tax Receiver
Wilson B J
Weaver Sami
Williams Jeremiah
Weeks John
White Mrs MM 3
Wilson Mary 2
Wade Patou
Williams John F
Wilson Sarah 2
White Mrs Elisabeth
Walton Rrv Jacob
Wool bright Do id
Ward James
Wright John M
Williams Judge
Ward Flora
Well Eliza
Ware Henry
Williams Martha l*
Wood James.
const ns fur as tlm lurly-fourili degree oi lati
tude; but no particular attention wns drawn
to tlm settling nml colonizing the country,
until tlm expulsion of the Jesuits from Lower
Californio, in I70'7. The year following it
was resolved on by tlm Marquis do Croix,
when Father Jnnipeio Scria received tlm Ap
pointment of missoiinry president. Sixteen
brothers of the same order accompanied Fa-
i thcr Jtinipero, sonic of who nr were destined
, to replace tlm Jesuits in Lower California.—
This Itnly brotherhood sailed from San Bias
on the 12ili March, 1708, and at rived at San
Diego home time in May, 1709, they com
mented their apostolic labors. The great
length of time inlet veiling from thc date of
fheir departure until that of their arrival in
Alta California, was partially occupied at thc
port of Lorem. A military force, under the
command of Dim Uaspar dc Poiiala, was sent
for the protection ol the inissioDHites, n
llte wamc plan of colonization nnd govern
ment was observed as in thc colonization of
Lower California. During the administration
of Father Junipero, which continued until
pply the expenditures of government, it
had been usual to call upon llie missions for
aid. Mexico would have had to have
milted annually, if it had paid its debts and
its soldiers, over one hundred thousand dol
Inrs, of which the exchequer fell short to dc
liny the actual expenses of the country. Tin
may be quite sufficient te show the impor
tant standing which the missions held ro-
wards sustaining the government, and how
enfeebled it must have become since their
ruin.
Since 163ti, when the Californians drove
out the Mexicans, thu country has under
gone many changes. Numbers of new farms
have been erected by the division of tho mis-
siott estates, and hundreds of Fnghshmcu and
Americans are scattered over the extent ot
their domains. Theio were very few farm
ers previous to 1830, whose actual posses-
j sioitH of horned cattle did not exceed one
hundred thousand- In 1842, there were no
less than ninety-two ranchcros located be
tween the (mils of San Diego and San Luis
Obispo. These persons possessing, on an
In, dusih. in 1783, there were eelubliihed ' “*erase, oue thousand bulloekk eucli making
eight missions, and afteiwttrds under other . * n aggregate of nmety-ivvothousaod. b rom
management the number was increased to j?* n Uuts Obispo towards the uortli, the
twenty one. As these religious institutions ' fanners are more numerous, and may be sup-
ffourished, the diiectors of them were occa- P 0#e< f run U , *| | *reblc the number of cattle
aionally succored by remittances from th« crrnluined southward ol that point; so wo
Spaniel) government, aud important dona- , safely estimate the .whole number of
lions were made, and numerous estates were l ,(,r ned cattle held by individuals in the
bequeathed in lands and houses, for the bene ; ' v ^ ,0 '° country, at four hundred thousand,
fit of thu missions, which were held as » fund, Tho yearly number of cattle slaughtered
known in Mexico as La Fonda Piaduso de seldom exceeded fifty thousand, which left a
California. This fund was managed by the large increase; so that, with cure and atten-
Convent of San Fernando, and the proceeds, . lion, in a very short time the number must
as well as the salaries uf the missionaries, to overreach that ever held by the missions even
whom were assigned the turn of four Iron- in their most fiuutishing condition. The
dred dollars per annum, were remitted annu- value of the hides and tallow derived front
ally to California. ’ these annual slaughters, may be estimated at
The prevailing style of architecture oh- three huudred and seventy-two thousand dol-
srrved in erecting the missionary establish- lats. These two commodities, with the cx*
tiienls, lias been faithfully described in a work ception of some beaver, sea otter, and other
entitled •• Life in California." but il may be 1 furs, comprise the most important part of
i interesting to know how or in what manner their exportations, which, in addition, would
they were conducted in the administration of i augment tho value of exports to four hundred
their temporal as well as spiritual govern-i thousand dollars per annum. The greater
ineni. The domains were always extensive ; portion of these items find their way to the
often from twenty to thiity square leagues, United Stales, cither direct or via the Sand-
; ami divided out into separate farms for do- wiclt Islands or Lima; the Yuukeet being
mestieating cattle and for cultivation. The the principal participants in the trade with
control over those estates arid the principal California.
! establishments was effected by a few soldiers No mercantile houses of any importance
and a sergeant, who were subject to the fn* J are yet established in the country, owing to
I ais, ami whose fjuarlel or barracks were im- ^ the impolitic advantages given to foreign navi-
! mediately opposite the front entrance. The gallon, which permit the coasting Dude, and
Indians wero taught many trades, and a J give license for the disposal of merchandise
variety nf things proved their progress in the : without testiiction as to quantity
Marshall Geo E
Mogtter Eliza
Moodie Thoms*
Persona calling for any of the shove letters will
pleute say they are advertised.
Kept 9 3t JOHN FORSYTH, P. M.
MpIrllN or Turpentine*
GALLONS Juit received by
Aprils R A. WARE.
200
aria. They iiianufacluied blankets, carpel
ing. and n coiris fabric of wollen for clnih-
in|(; they also made In!,, iliuet, nnd other
nece.aary article.. Notwithstanding then
immense resources nt home, they weieyear*
ly tnpplied with large t|uanliliei of merchan
dise by foreign vessels, many of their ealab-
fishmeal* making purchase* in the amount of
forty and fifiy thousand Jolluia, which weie
freely distributed among the Indian,, ao that
they were clad, moil of them, after the man
ner of the Spaniatd,. The lndiane, ae well
as the punts, rose with the euu end went Io
mass, which laeled about an hour, Dunne
tltia ceremony the breakfut was prepared,
which we* usually their favorite atolc or pol-
Hence
cacli vessel becomes a moving warehouse,
which i< despatched about, from port to port,
according tu the demand for their merchan
disc; nnd no one thinks of buying anything
nn shore, while these floating conveniences
are al hand. Ae il may be euppoaed, this
method of uoo-protcclion to home Imde, ia
of teriout iojury (a the country, inasmuch to
it prevents the introduction of capitalist,, ami
tile establishment of them on altnre.' This
detriment to the prosperity of California,
however, ie not unknown lo its government,
and ilhaa inado several unsuccessful attempts
to regulate and reform the system. Weak
and uu.tablc in (heir government, the Ctll-
fotniaua have ever wjvered from tbejr de-
erees, sod though eerUto _
been levied egain tod again opoa forsigaeMB-
meree they seldom continued long enough
lo glee an* encouragement. This bee been
owing (o thn poverty of the treasury, and tb*
lack of mean poaaeaeed by government lo
support itself without the aid ef foreign earn-
meree, whieh ie the only enniee of reveoao
whereby it it sustained. A refotm can only
bo effected by ahotliog the ports, end impos
ing a direct tax upon individual property,
which io accomplish the government has not
sufficient force; end for tnsi reason Califor
nia must remain as it ia, tubjecl to a thou
sand changes, until some other and more ele
vated power ahall rate its deetioy. In thn
small village, almost every house ii ■ plana
for retailing merchandise; and during thn
harvest for grapes, while distilling aguardi
ente, nil of them became grog shops, and
serve nul destruction to the Indiana, who n»
tiie principal consumer*.
Of late years the cultivation ol tiie grape
It is become an important branch of agricul
ture, and almost every inhabitant of any oota
in the town of lot Angela has his vineyard.
No particular attention was drawn to he cul
ture to any extent, until Monsieur Louis
Vigne, a native of France, eucceMfully un
dertook the management of a partially aban
doned vineyard, which he purchased for one
hundred and filly dollais. Mona. Vigoe emi
grated In California in 1834, and (in years af
terwards, when deairoua of tearing the couo-
try, he was willing lo make a sacrifice, nod
offered hia estate lor eale for the eum of twen
ty thousand dollars. The soil, heeiys, for
this kind of culture, i« hoi eurpeated an;
where; and ie infinitely superior lo that of
his own country. Nothing is wanted but id-
lelligcnt persons lo mike wioeof ao excellent
quality, which would readily Aod n market in
Mexico, and tire neighboring countries where
the rine is not cultivated.
The climate is well adapted to the olive,
which it quite abundant, nnd when well pre
pared, not inferior to that of Europe. In aome
parts of lire country rice may be railed, aud
cotton and tobacco thrive to perfection. The
naltvcs understand well enough the art of
cultivating them, but are (oo indolent lo pay
that Uriel attention which ihey require. Ma
ny kinds of fiuit are produced in their gnr-
detts, such ae apples, peachei, plums, oranges,
citrons, limes, pomegranates, Aga, See., and
in fact, every attempt totrarde agriculture his
succeeded.
In the spring of the year, during the months
of May and .tune, the plains and hill* ere va
riegated with Aowers, and the whole country
becomes a garden. Il ie one of the most en
chanting eights imaginable to look upon it*
extensive prairies, carpeted, as they are, with
millions of beautiful and fragrant bloaromi;
so arranged in nature's grand kaleideotcopa
ns tn call forth admiration from (he beholder,
and his rcrerenco and lore for tho great au
thor of such magnificence. The air becomes
perfumed with their sweetness, and as lha
heavy tramp of the traveler's steed presses
upon them, an exquisite fragtance risee,
which is borne away by the winds to the bill*
and .nuunuini, lo mingle with tho aweeta
which they exhale. Indeed there is morn
lovelioess and beauty iu snch a scene, than
my humble self can delineate. [ recollect a
spot in the rear of the Mission of San Gabri
el, where the Aowers are of so rich n Vermil
lion, os io be seen distinctly from the ahtp’a
place of ancliotago at San Pedro, from
whence they appear like a relvet covering to
tiie earth. This is a distance of over thirty
miles, and it may seem lo the reader almost
incredible, but nevertheless it ia truth, aud
may be witnessed year after year, without auy
decrease in beauty.
The hills anil the woods abound with many
kinds of wild fruits, among which are gooie-
herrics, blackberries, whortleberries, straw
berries, dec. The latter vary in their appear
ance and llavor, according to their locality;
i huse found iu the uorlhern parti of the coun
try being inferior ill size, but sweeter. Rasp
berries are also to be met with, in quality
equal to the English ones; but the moat
abundant of all is the mora or blackberry.
The soil of Cnlifurnia is rich, and aided by
llte mild temperature of itl climate, extreme
ly productive for all kinds of groin; admitting
of two crops in one season. From the par
allel of San Luis Opisbo, northward, ilia
highlands are topped with pines, while the
gteen plains beyond them are plentifully sup
plied with oak ; the former, in some sections
nf the country, growing to an immense size,
witli long cones hanging from their branches,
containing pinones or seeds, which are col
lected by the Indians at llieii ptoper season,
and become an important article of tbeir
Inod. Oilier classes o( trees are found in the
forests, uf which tiie ash, beach aud maple,
comprise the greater portion,
The feature of the mountains extending
through California, gives a dreary aspect to
tho country, till arriving nenr the conAnet of
Monterey, where they are wooded, and lee*
accompanied with the volcanic appearances.
Their average height is about twenty-two
It uml ted feet, rising to some places almost di
rectly from the eea, so ne to leave but a nar
row etrtp between them and the beach. The
woods arc abundant in wild game, aud lha
rivers aud bays supply the inhabitants with
lislt of ninny kinds.
California, viewed us a maritime station,
lias not its equal on tho whole western coast
nf America. Her principal porta, which are
San Francisco aud San Diego, aAbrd the
must secure anchurage lor llte largest Asets,
with facilities for establishing wharves, docks
aud arsenals. The former haibor is eo situa
ted as to require but little labor 10 make it
one nf the strongest fortified place* in the
world; lor the rocky cliffs which form its
narrow entrance, combined with other promi
nent locations within, seem as if intended by
natuie for defence. There are numerous
small island* scattered about the bay, and one
of them afforde an abundant supply of froth
water, and convenient locations for heaving
out veaseli for coppering or for repairs. The
Blossom, a British sloop of war, was ground
ed here some years ago, aod thoroughly over
hauled. A harbor possessiug such advanta
ges, must, or ought to. attract the attention
of the United States Government; snd if lha
importance of Iter commercial internals in
the Pacific Ocean requite* a place of shelter
for Iter thousands of vessels, which arc year
ly Aoatiug upon those waters, then let San
Francisco be the one, in preference lo any
oilier port! llow can it be acquired, will be
llte inquiry, or negotiated for, while we are,
as it wete, waging war against Mexico, thus
shutting out all means for negotiation T My
answer is, lhal California will negotiate far
herself soon, and petbaps ere now ebe bee
dared lo proclaim her independence, aod may
be at ibie inomeut prepared for any arrange
ment with the United States. Let our gov-
cruiiieut look to ibie important Issue, ana se
cure, if possible, such an acquisition as Sao
Francisco would become lo our gloriooe re
public.
Gold and silver mines bate been found in
California, from which considerable quanti
ties of ore have been obtained ; and recently,
during thc present year, one of quicksilver
lias been discovered. The last ie now work
ed on s small scale, and produces an* sixth
of metal from tbe ore. Any quentity nf top
per ote can be had in the Bay of Todno Ban
tus, which require* tkilfnl roinoao only to
tnuke it proAtable.
The arrival of Captain Fnowwnt in Cnli-
foruia, must soon caueo n oast ekaog* in lb*
commerce of the country, and poeiape. on
tong, our enterprising Yaok*** will boflfrek
ing there in thousand* with '
merchandlsa. Tb* esptaia hi
route which is eight hundred __
than the ous formerly traveled by oar linot-
ing partite, snd thn wholo dinunct through
hia not tho slightest obstruction (or voht-
claa.
son wut oonoct
tb toon Mg,of
ihea dhaoesondn
rod nilM (hotter