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to be emancipated tboald be •pumi.td, ihzt (he lh»t iu *xerel»c wm forbidden by the honorable
•crip>boaId it ironed, ti>d then thatihecertificme obligedon Ineimedby the ecceptance ol ihe ce»-
tt etomndpuioo ■hoold be named. Until lids »ion, was «<* necessary to the fulfilment of the
WM done, the condition of (he negro was not l'»rpo«-lor which the power wss conferred, and
•banged. He seas stiH subject lo the dominion : w»h the intent ol the panics who
•f bit owner, and to the inspection of Ihe apprais
er. Otherwise, the terms of the actwould never
bave been complied with. But it is said, Mr.
President, that whether these laws were or were
Mt regaiarly enacted, still the fact was, that they
toaie respected as laws by the Mexican people, and
that, upon the tranferof these Territories, they
mnat be eo considered by ns; that is to aay, in
other tonne, that we are to subject ourselves to
(be lasts of a foreign nation, whether, in point of
toet, they were laws of that nation or not. That
to the proposition.
ceiled the territory, and who could never have ex
pected the abolition of slavery there while it ex
isted within their own limits.
The Senator from Kentucky declaimed upon
that occasion npamst such a violation of (mod
faith under the influence of fceTlnjrs which were
natural to him from his own personal abhorrence
of any violation of conscience, of the principle of
good faith and honorable obligation. I entered
fully into the feelings which he expressed, without
being able lo concur with him ns to the existence
of the power. Hut I fell that the argument of
the proposition. me power, nut i inn mat ine argument oi
Mr. Webster, (in his scat.) Whether it wore' niy friend wan unanswerable in its application lo
and continued violation, which may result wheth
er deliberately or desperately, in rending that
Union asunder, and arming brother against broth
er, in civil strife? To * void exciting the appre
hension of the respectable people of Maryland, ^ ^ ^ ^ JBM ,
you will abstain from an act which may be inji- | r.Vall a body Vm^r own' pCT.de^Vilic Dld'fn
nous to tbeir interests—to an institution which l lh»*F h*d wandered; ant] I have vet to 1*
stie cherishes; and when you come to act on a *’ 1 -
largo and morn ox tended theatre—to deal with flic
opinions, the feelings, and the interests of twenty
millions of people—will you no: exercise a simil;
ly chargeable to ilie southern States. With regard to
T« xan, I harrtlv know what to *ay «»f it until some dis-
K M-iiion shall he made of it at the {•recent session, as I
'(#• Avert; may he. Until that i* done, I do not know
what constitute# Texas, or to whom khe tn*!ongs I was
op|Mi*f*fl to the Bf oUiHtion of Tux**
' ' * • i whirl
that it
ha* been beneficial to tin? H»aic which I iriha'fit. or any
of ttiu fii-igMioring State-. On lh * contrary. i U*li**Ve
that the ‘etiaiors from Florida would b- able to l.tj-rm
Ur that the value of tin* public domain, a well a- • *i* t»r?•
van* property, hi that Smie, h.n lieen •• »ly
forbearance ? Will you not feel that the implied 1 led by the i !roi.#i»*u«if T.*xv mtoii.* t’m.'i.
obligation which conscience enjoins, and yood . ^" v **Mr Ur*.*~nt«-.;t. v.hat i- t” ns upon the *utb*
fs„l, requires you to fulfil, will be a. Ic, eqimlly | T-
Attempt to Abscond.—We learn that on
Monday last three negroes, fo m in and two gin*)
belonging to Mr. Ponder, of Mon me enmity, made
an attempt to escape to the North, by mean* of a
forged 'fJSsH. They vvcTc detected by the conduct-
on n the Macon fii Western Rulruid and placed
in Ihe custody ofourUny Mar.-lml. Mr J. I), (’um*
Mikt, who co» emit ted liirrti to jail, and they vv.*r**
yesteidav d*div*red to lli*ir owtrar and carrfod
iiome. T ii« c'rctimstance shotild serve toaonUe
tie • 1 ".»nc-- f the owner- * f this ho(*'\ev of pros
. r-y,-is siudlnr atletupis .n v : or ,tll**r l).?m-.de i..
i-ciuv—.!/ •'/- 'Id ;••!>/.
j contemplated route. Every man has taken hold, and
| the population with menus and good will have pledged
Washington Rational Monument
It is with something more lhau pleasure that v
r of suitscripliuiis, iti this Congressional distriu
j budd the great National Monument of the into 1
It is known that cities, towns.]
erected monuments in difit-r*-m
>i mentor of the illustrious uhieA]
s in war. and gu d -d our com els
the exercise of the power we are considering
Prom the rich ntorehouae of his mind I propose to
draw the argument on which Ihlmll now rely, aud
from his own ample armory to furnish myself with
the weapon which I will wield in thin friendly
strife.
*;"• President, I reciwnj*u»d in the full fore-
w liicli the Menator from Kentucky gave to the nn-
ntinct ion of it, the obligation imposed upon Civ
irre^s by the high and honorable motives which
he urged to abstain from the exercise of the power
which he thought the constitution conferred upon
na in relation to the District of Colombia I differed
with him ah to tho effect of that obligation. II*-
thought it proved the inexpediency of exercising
the power. Tome it seemed to disprove its exis
tence. He applied it to the* inode of carrying the
contract into execution. I thought it wan |*arl of the
contract itself—that the spirit and intent of a con
tract constitute its essence—and that the great
objert of proof is the ascertainment of these. I
could not bring my mind to believe that Congress
could derive a power under the constitution to mi
ter intoa contract to do that which was contrary
to conscience, to good faith, to honorable obliga
tion, and the intent of the parties to whose detri
ment it would operate.
Mr. Clay, (interposing.) Mr. President, if my
friend will allow mo
Mr. Ilerrien. Orta inly sir.
M.Clay. I\va-H\vare perfectly of that infer
ence which might he drawn from the assertion ol
an implied laitli arising out of the nature ol the
transaction, which is that of reding this territory
by Maryland and Virginia. Hut, nr, my friend
will recollect that thin implication of good faith,
restraining the exercise of power in eoiiser|iienre
of it* lining contrary to what must have been ex
pected, and could not possibly have been foreseen
and apprehended by llin reding States, was limited.
Il, for example, the only ceding State now exist
ing should consent, and, moreover, if the people
of the District should consent, and compensation
were made, then there would be no implication re
sulting from the implied faith ; and, therefore, it is
not of the nature of an inherent |s»rtion of the
power; it is a thing temporary in its existence,
lasting only while slavery lasts in Maryland, and
terminating when consent is given. It is, there
fore, in its nature not an inherent portion or an in
trinsic portion of the power, hut a general rest rain
ing of the exercise power, in consideration ol the
>»•«•». lances of the ceding States at
• he lime when tin- cession was made. That is
the view I intended to take.
Mr. Huium.x. Mr. President, in the statement
just made, the honorable Senator fiom Kentucky
(Mr. Clay] do. •n not imptim to me any missliile.
menl of Ins argument, lie offers nn argument
against the inference which I had drawn from it.
Sir, the projtohition is this : that the power to
abolish slavery in the District of Columbia exists,
hut that the circumstances under which the ces
sion was made urged and implied obligations not
to exercise it, without the consent of Maryland
and Virginia hercioiorc, and since the retroces
sion of Alexandria, of Maryland alone. I have
sail! that it this obligation, dictated by conscience
and necessary to the observance of good faith,
, .. .... could he impfied from the circumstances under
the civil or mnniid-j! which the contract was entered into and was on-
heriveen man undj joyed hy the spirit and intent of the parties, it form
ed a part of (lie contract itself, and did not merely
control the manner in which the lights acquired
under it should Ire exercised. Now,the Senator
from Kentucky desires to qualify his urgiinient by
slating that the obligation of which he spoke was
tcinpoiury in its nature, that it has ceased as to
Virginia, and only operates now to restrain the
exorcise of the power without the consent of Ma
ryland. That is the proposition now.
Mr. Clay, (in his seat.) And that was the
proposition the other day.
Mr. Berrien. It is now sought to qualify Ihe
admission of an implied obligation, not to exercise
the power hut with the assent of the ceding
States, hy saying tlmt it was in its nature tempo
rary, by reasserting that it only restrained the
mode of exercising the power—a restraint which
now remove; hut
not a fleet the contro
versy between us, which is, whether this implied
obligation, resulting from the circutnM mces sta
ted, was or wns not part of the contract of ces-
. „ , sion, or whether il merely affected the modem
ttnued operation of tlic latter, and the instant cos-1 which the power derived from it was to he exer
cised. Now I have supposed that what is done
undern contract, and in conformity toil, must he
done in virtue of the contract itself, interpreted
according to its spirit and intent—which ronsti-
Ihese I tute the essence of the contract—uiid that the
C irt of the Actual code under which men lived in
exicoatthetiine.
Mr. Berrien. Thai la, in other words, simply
whether it was a law operative «ud binding upon
the people of Mexico; which is the manner in
which l have treated it. Certainly, the strongest
•videnee in favor of the existence and validity of
thia Mexican law is the statement which I can
•either affirm nor deny, that African slavery docs
•ot, in (act, exist there; anti the presumption
thence arising, that its abolition has been the re
mit of acquiescence on tho part of the people in
this law. Perhaps this may be explained hy the
ffict, that African alavery did not exist in many of
Mexican States, and where it did was easily
•ubstiiutcd by the system of peonage. What I
■lean to aay it, that we have no evidence before
•a to shew the authority of the Mexican Congress
tocnacitliis law—none to prove a compliance
with ita terms—nor the extent and motives of the
alleged acquiescence of the Mexican people; aud
that these are qircstifms into which we have a
right to inquire when this law is put forward in
■Hr tribunals as binding upon us. This right ex
ists as to our own laws, and must a fortiori in re
lation to the laws of a foreign nation. If a terri-
ferial legislature should pass a law prohibiting
alavery iq these Territories, we should have a right
to inquire into their authority to enact it; and
gurely we must have like right in regard to the
laws of the Mexican republic. It is next contend-
■d, that in receiving this territory we have entered
into an obligation to respect the laws pre existing
there. Sir, I apprehend this is not true in the ex
tent in which it is asserted. Tho principle con
tended for is said to have been sustained hy the
decision of the Supreme Court; and yet, when
those decisions are called for, we are uniformly
veferrvd to a solitary cusp—that of the America r
Insurance Company rx Canter,reported hy (’ranch,
in which the proposition is said to he laid down,
that upon the acquisition, either by conquest or cca
tion, of a foreign territory, the laws of that terri
tory continue to exist until they are changed or
Altered by the laws of the conquering or acquiring
country.
Such is the statement of it by gentlemen who
Lave heretofore relied on the obligation of Mexi
can laws in the Territories of NqMwMexico uml
California. In answer to this, 1 ha# u» any, first,
that this was a mere obihr dictum, certainly of a
Tory distinguished man, but not tho decision of
tho court upon any quoftiou at issue; secondly,
that it was affirmed only of a particular rla»s ol
the laws of a conquered of ceded country ; and
thirdly, that it did not require the specific and sepe-
rate repeal even of theso laws. I will trouble
the Senate with a brief remark on this subject.—
Chiof Justice Marshall did not affirm that all the
laws of a ceded country remain in force until they
were repealed hy acquiring country, but simply
that the civil atid municipal Iuwh, those winch re
late to the intercourse between citizen and citizen,
did so continue in force until thus abrogated.—
But there is another class of law* recognized by
the learned judge, ns well as by every judge and
every writer upon international law who treats'
upon this question ; and that is the public political
law. Tho public or political law of the ceded'
country ceases to he of torce m instanfi upon the 1 !
transfer, ami all tlmt is l«ft
pal lu w regulating intcrem
■mo. And then lie* point »*i inquiry i*. what is
civil'nr nmuit'i)ml law ? uniwhai public or polit- 1
ical law? When \vu have uicertuiticd that, and
when gentlemen can show that this latter class of
laws iadinbracod in the proposition on which they
rely, they will have mode nn advance in the dis
cussion on this subject which they have never at
tained in any of its previous stages. Chief Jus
tice Marshall, in rendering the decree in the
&•
pr«-f;,
• l lit*. I
Blit ]
• will i
J bid..
operative ai )oii felt it to he when austaining
from the exercise of your power over these tun !
miles square ?
Mr. I'n-sident, I have often, in the course of -ny i
life, been struck hy observing the diflon-rit esti- j
mates which men make of que-tions of right and i
wrong, when acting personally or rejip -.eiitatively 1
—individually or in combination. I’lie subjoin
was forcibly brought to my mind hy a very do- I
fluent and practical d.scourc" wh ch I heard two '
days ago in imoilier wing of ibis Uapitol. It , on- j
je< t was to nhow in • fallacy ol an idea entertain- j
ed by manyol the «Ji r nini-•**•'• j !t and lemoned I
re.-jioiiftilulity lor actions which were commuted in I
combination—of the belief, tho earnest belief, o! '
individuals that greater guilt and a higher degree 1
of responsibility attached to them for ads indtvtd- l
ually than for the same acts done hy them in co n- 1
binalion—that tie- guilt of the latter case .was !
less than that of tlu* former. I epeak with great I
respect and with perfect consciousness that il may j
hens applicable to mynctf as to others; hut it I
seems to me the question which I now present, to .
you, is one which there is not an individual Sena- !
tor in ties chamber who would or could have ad- j
dressed to him w ithout a sense of insult implied ;
hy the inquiry.
Here were thirteen confederated States which (
were about to enter into tins Union. Tle-v had j
different interests—you knew it ; they had d.ffer- j
cut modes ol cultivating their lands—you ktvw I
il; they had different Inodes of employing them- |
selves, different species of labor; they agreed to
join their several uiterents, to make a common ad- I
venture, a great experiment of the capacity of j JJJjjJ JJ
man lor self-government. Now, what was mi- ' 11
plied ? There was a community ot interests m
all their public possessions, and if.ere was a <• i, ( -
muniiy ol interests also in all their future pub.m
acquisitions. Each one was to have a light equal
vviili every oilier one, mid to enjoy that which was
public at the lime ; each, equal with every oli.er
one, was to have the right to enjoy that winch w .ts
to he acquired hereafter. Von could not, accord
ing to Ihe language of Valid, in the dis|Misition ol
any property tlmt might hi* the resu.t ot your lu
lu re conquest, make a di-tinolion to the (|;-. nlva:i-
tageof any; yet here i .t p/fleet readiiwss to do
so. Thu pressure oi obligations hits lightly upon
you.
Now, HiipjioH*.* you had Im-cii thirteen individuals, in-
hteml of tlitrte.e,ii con(ederated Nuucm ; that you h;u! cm-
harked runim»ii projK-riy in u cutiiiuoii udveniur-, and
ill proeenH of tuns you hnd made iieqiii*-itloiiN III re le re nee
lo which ihe iiiiijorily of you idiuuld deiermnie. In li.iye
u purliciilnr nio*!o of employ mein, winch necessarily
eluded ihe minority ; would you huva fell your • Ives
in liherly, with u properly li'lon^iug equally iouil,iu
••rerr iHU your power m Mich manner us lu withdraw a
portion oi lie* projierty from ihe common me oi all the |
members—employ it m such a manner as iluti a p.iri of i \ V |,mIi they
Ihe coneerii would In* necessarily excluded from all par
ticipation in n ? If you thought thill the miercnl ot the
roneern was such that you considered yourselves uinler
I lie ueceieily of doing hi, could J oil liol |ee| il ihe olili-
Kill ion lo ramipensHle all ihut |s>rlmn ol your iiNMieiiues
who were IIiii-s iiiiurud hy the lilstlm iiou mole ol'iheir
disadvanilines ! VVoiild you Hill feel llial you were un
der ildupilmii its houe.'-l mi‘11 loiii.ik" tin- coiiqs*ii*e.lioii!
Could you, consistently w ith your u eu«e ofduty, deprive
lliem nl their lull uml perfeei ruffii to enjoy ih"ir p >ru >n
of the common pruperiy, to use it in the moil., in w lm It
they hau been enjoying it from the lime when the a.-.-o-
ciaiion was tormeii up to the |H*iiiH| when you deter-
mined lo ii.trodlice this new lei'iilulioii ? Could ymi
find it «(tiisisleui with ><»ur sense ofiluiy, w ith > our no
tion* ul honesty, with your reqs*< t lor your reputation,
UM men of integrity — n III.I yoll find II consistent With
the*e | rmciples thus n» dc, rive y..ur ussi.cmies ol iheir
riylils, wun..til any adequate compciisuliuii f
Well, now sir, I find il tm|s»/stMe t»»dtstin ni-h he
(ween the two cases I know iluti I shall he tol i, . I
have lieen told hetore, we,j.» not ohjed lo your conmiq
into the Temtories, hut y ou mii'i m*i carry any iiej»roi .s
there. Then you (dyed lo u-iug ourshaie ol (lit- politic
0 a I nioii with you,
1 declared olir nm «..
I consider to h
tim lion which i- taken to to the ri.’l
er within and witlmut the. State-
'V the e».rnprnini*«**
lUelMi:i.r!..rmm*
ui; . .OM ill Ihe co'i-lItlltioli. Till-,
without w l.o h ihe inlirihitan's of ihe
w» uld never have cornu inio the Uni
they would not Imv** been parlies I
COLUMBUS ENQUIRE!!,
ao*. c 'inprorui-es.
lavle.l lu Suite*
n—with* ot wlm h
COM’MilUS—liKtfIt f .iI \
n KMMV MOilVIVC. M \K If 5. I'5>
their cfftrlR, and joined their labor aud capital to carry . form our friends aud fellow-citizen*, that Ricttxi
it througli. We are informed that stock sufficient has | Spencei?, Enq , of this city, has btfeu appointed c
been taken to grade and build the entire supers'
lure from Gir-.ni to Mcbih , without the promised ns- j
•istance from New Orleans, mid strong capitalists in :
that city have given ussumuC'-a Ihnt stock • • tough wiil j
b»* taken there to lay down the iron and turn *li the | th-
cur#. A mcmori il from tile Mg’ ; slatnre of Al .l
b .s Ih-c,. f 0 . van! d to Wufhinaton, asking f-»r u p»
o! til** pu'd.c lauds aionj the route to aid in lUc
ft!ruction of the Work. Tht*e w'to feel n«l |t«t-r
(hi* mute, »nd what mttz**n of C’ot.mdmsd«s*s no.
•*‘e at once that every fair prospect is now jo emoted of j l,: t' f '
un * ally completion »*f the road. J °f •!*'
In lh'# conne< tion w> may here also remark, that ( of m
the RonJ from the bO mile sU’ioti on the Central j it he
Boaii. to Auguetu, a rapidly progressing—which, when
Wasiii.v ;
ales havt
ountry
j led olir arm
Imi the «.«■ now l» vn-rl.-!, mid in ..id ..f .
sohecri|nioiis are miltnied. is to b* the irmk t
whole people, hwdt hv their voluntary at th
of j*over*in*cut t . ir own ularinus repu* lie.
n :lK iis have r • cd marbh columns rommeuio
of the deeds of Jo-toe*,, and made imtm.iul the i
which oihervv;*.e might have perished,
d that we arc more imgrateful than oilier
that no shaft ahull rise ou high to call ihe puss*
ay. V
iholMi
-ill «
lie*!
very .
uol-, hut l**y
to carry . air i v*.*n : the e<,i,mri.m::v«. *.f the rou-ti!
lion d i not extend to th**. ']'••;: i:-.rt*— • f the l.‘ . »«• I .Sail*
.Nnw, >ir, thi*> die|Ne.itinn to *.li*er\e ihe '•leitfati* »e*
th** c*m- ituiion. a*id not to interfere w i»h r *’eh»-
our pr«.|# riy within the Sun **, i* p**o.l so far a* il ip*’
Vou will not interfere with mir rights in the State-, ti
came you have neither the paver r„. r the pren-xt
|siwi*r to di-turh them there. And. sir, I mn-i U*
milled tossy that I never did and do no* share the a
prehension# of my Southern friends on lUi*> suh| *,< t.
do not believe that you would disiurh slavery tle* r
even if you had the j#tvv>*r to do so to-morrow. I •
rc l hcliuva you would do n within any tun*/ which
ran nntieiintt-. 1 Ixjlieve. that, though you have n
Ascertained it l.y your own experience, you have don*.*
hv the testimony of other**, that the pro-luet- *>f sh
aiiri’-t Is* ohtamed hy the labor i.f the while rn
<• that you jeel ihe necessity of that slave in!
conviction that its product* are indi“peusahh
you. I believe that it furnishe«, too, the nmteripl
y<mr manufactories, t!,at n conirihitles t<#> extensively
to tie*, tmhi- of your commerce, to |N.'rmi: you lo aboli-h
it if >’»i| luol the p-iVVer.
I ice*I entire confidence upon that subject. Il is. as
you profes# to IsdieVe, and your press mid your {*olitica!
writer*- assert, lo you a deadly sin ; hut you console
yoursejveM hy the reflection, that so long as it remains j u
wulmi ilu* slave Staien, it is not your sio. hut our- •
that we, and no| you,are res|N>risiMe for it. Vou Indie
not yours, and that, if
ngroRHing top.*; :
v■ii.oii.il L**gift- j
it them, you do so under an ohlig.
you hy those who have gone before ; or that
ter Ijeyond your control, and therefore not within tlu*
M'ojs* of your responsibility, to which into Is* added lie* j
consideration that it is a prolimld • sin—more profitable \
than to us in tin* ratio in which a manufactured j
than tie* raw man
, | CONORS.
The slavery queation ih yet 'fie
,, of dincuwooii in hoih hr.iucln-# ol
of Inture. 'I’lie hotspuiH lr.»m huh #-uiio»».-* of the (J non
*_]' are ex|N*udiog llieir wruh in furionn oiitp**itrmgn f
' whilst the more cons'd-fate are etideavori g *o devise
"f (tome j»hii *o avert the eulmnitie# which h ng i lie the
. pull of death over the pe .ce uiid prosprr.ty *d t!«-
l country. It i« now a question of life and death •«» iu«:
p* Union, and can only l>** settled hy w*#e eou* s.*ls. cm.
uut'iig from states neu vvIiimh co.iipreh *iuive v;-v.*a
cm embrace tho whole feu.fu'tiess of t!ie tippu'l:iig
II not as yet abi dm the hope that in
Congress, and throughout the country there vv.li b*
found enough of such men lo arrest the movements of
f political d**#periid'a*s, and hy u fait, just, and fin'd set-
J tleinent of the difficulty, give peace to an irritaltd
1 people, and |a;rpetuity to a violated constitution.
There are men of mielligeuce we kuow, who le*li-vo
' that tile contest call not aud will not be ended without
dissolution of the Union ; there are others who s**em
to desire such u result, and speak of it us ff pp.mlly as
. if it was a thing to he desired. To this latter class we
r i,
cm pitied, will enable travellers from Mob b* passing j t**M“'U lothe name and memo:) of the most il!u*i
over tin* route above tueutum* tl, to arrive r.t Charles
ton *•)can r than they can now arrive »t Mooigotnery.
To make ii short story of a long one, it may h * safely
a.-*.*rteiJ, that these Ho lds will all be compM*d iu a
few years, and that when fn.i>h<d, they will draw
through our city the great travel from North to South,
and make Coluu bt.s the most prosperous—as >he is
.y iiHiure the most I **aut ful—place on the green
•ot* th J Suftas to the several em»*rpr.z •*«, and honor
to those hy whose seil-sacriiicmg efforts they have
b* c;i thus far pushed forward end sustained. The*r
names ami their deeds shaii he particularly mem.uned
on seno more uppropriu'e occasion.
ck l>e-
srlicle
slavery g>*e# into tie* 'lerriiorie#, and thereby re'aril** lhi
ac<|U Mlum ot the pnlitieul supreumey i«» which
d ii|i*iii 1 have uotlii.ig to say. lit* who seeks the destruction
ol this glorious confederacy, or who will not bare I. ih
bosom lo the holt that is aimed at its integrity, is a
traitor to the principles of his fathers, aud recreant to
f 1 all the duties lie owes to himself, his country, and his
Girnrd ft!id Mobile Railroad.
A* *i m« •: iu of t!„* i«*a kholder* of ihi- Road, held
on the Ith inst. the followin’? e**Mletn*n w*
Officers for the present year—a majority of tl,
ine lemur repre^eiPed :—
Hdahi> ov I)ihector*.—(Jen. An lerson and Jas. Ah-
e • roiiihie, of Russell ; Jno. Kuerion, of New Orleans;
Win. A. Hardaway, of Mobile; It. S. Hardaway, of
Columbus, <Ja.
At a subsequent meeting of the Directors Robert S
H.vrimway was elected President, and W. B. Harris,
Secretary.
to #har
i grie
country’s freedom. At such a time as this, then, let
hucli men at least be silent : and let the conservative
ith iih um the |H*uaiiy of yoiir iu*>'■•risibility to spirit of the living patriotism of the nation rise in its
hty strength, mid go forth iu it** redeeming energy.
! feel that there is such a spirit yet alive iu the land,
•ntioti ,.f the l am j kIoo feel tliut the present is the lime to invoke its
rh~ 1 1 '
your politiriil I liter*'
Mr IWI.mt.li
seruitioiiH. T|i*-re
w ho h I would Khully I
PctiBle ; hoi lie* li-iiL’lli
reao'v extended adm
not disjK*Hcil lo protract the
vnrioii# Mlhjee
iVi* ill reeled the
o which the-,*
hrioK lilt (il
rely lo my, that I have, addressed you
on this occasion under i»*..* influence of a sincere and
anxious desire tonxert the d.ini'er- which threatens ih.
I have not I wen di*|M*ed to mdiente to you what
.* to Is!
which has been referred to, expressed the opinion
which I have stated, aa deduced from international
Itw. So in tiw ensr of IUII i* Cltinnbcll, rc|H>rl-
*d in Cowpcr, H-hicii eroiv out of tho conquest
of New Orrnudn l.y ine Ilrilii.]. ^ovcrnincut. u
(iniilar opinion is expressed. Tim, alwi.wnuuu
obtler dictum, not a quoslion nccc.smiry lotiic lie-
ciaionor the point in issue; which tvns, whether ... B .... (
thekingof Englsntl, by bis sovereign |xiwcr, un- . the u»»ent ol M.irjlnti.l woulil
co..netted with the 1’arfiatnent—by the mere lorce tliiH, in niv juilgeinoiit, docs u<
uf his prerogative—could do certain acts, lint
All these authorities make the distinction which 1
Irnvc stated to yon, bet ween a public or political
law and a civil or municipal law, urging the con
tinued operation of tho latter, and tho instant ces
sation of the former. Then, as I have said, our
inquiry is, what is the public or political luw ?
Vattcl gives us tlds answer:
** Laws are regulations established hy public.
authority, to be observed in society. All these , . ....
■tight to relate to the welfare of tho State nnd of | competency of Maryland to assent to a particular
Inn citizens. Til#* lawn mu,In dimclli* icitli II vin\& il umua.. I. :r
tho ciiixene. Tho lews matin directly with a view
to tho public welfare arc political lews ; and in tin,
class, those that concern the body itself, and the
being of the society, the (form of government—
tho mtunicr in which tho public authority is to lie
exertod-.-theso, in a word, which together form
•be comtitulion of tho Ststr, are tim fundamental,
laws. The civil laws nre those which regulate
the rights ami conduct of the citizens among
thetuseivee.”— Vattcl, p. 8—39.
In pursuing this inquiry, we have then lo as
certain whether these laws, on which slavery in
the United States depends, nro of the one charac
ter or the other, in order to determine the validity
and efficacy of the corresponding lawn id the
Mexican republic, and their power to control the
rights of an American citizen going to those Ter
ritories with his slave property. It is necessary,
therefore, to inquire what is thu relation in which,
slavery stands to the constitution of tlio United |
States; and tho answer seems to lie, tlmt slaves
are recognised as property by thu Instrument;
that it is recognised in the constitution of the I’ni-
ted States as a basis ol representation; that it is
recognised in live same instrument, and has boon
constantly acted upon by Congress in the exercise
of the taxing power, ss a subject of tHXHlion. il
il be said that this recognition is limited to the
Slates in which it exists, tlie answer is, that even
then it was universal ut the date of tbeconsliluv.
tion. But beyond this, I point gentlemen to that
clause in the constitution which relates to the sur
render of fugitive slaves, and remind them tlmt il
is recognised, as we have seen by that clause, not
only within the limits of ihe State in whiclia slave
owner dwells, but beyond it; nay, tlmt il is recog-,
niaed within the limits of Slates which forbid it;
and that, being thus recognised instates which
allow it, and in those which prohibit it, in the free
as well as the slave States, its recognition is uni
versal in every State of the Union. Then the
inquiry is, whether a property, thus recognised by
the fundamental law as a basis of representation,
a* a subject ol taxation—one which enters into
all the operations of the government; which ap
pears here in yoor executive department, in vour
supreme judicial tribunal; which pervades vour
whole institution—live inquiry is, whether these
constitutional provistotui make part of the cii-iV lau-
of the Uuited Stales, intended merely to regulate
the conduct of man and man, the transactions
between citizen and citizen ; for unless this i- so,
then the laws of live United States, whether or
ganic or secondary, which relate to slavery, sre
public and political laws; and then, unquestiona
bly, Mexican laws ou tiie same subject, with
whatever authority ibev may have been enacted
while California and New Mexico were a pari of
the Mexican republic, ceased instantly upon their
transfer to the United States to have any operation
or effect.
Mr. President, I invite the attention of Senators
lo the consideration of another question: If Con
gress had power to do what it is proposed to do,
would it be—1 do not say expedient, but take high
er ground, and a«k, would it be right, proper, and
ooasislent with good laith, lo exercise that power?
(n the discussion of the resolution |>srticulariv
applicable to the District of Columbia, 1 was struck
the other day with the very strong view presented
by the Senator from Kentucky, (Mr. flay) ol Un
duly of Congraea to abstain h-mu tim abolition of
slavery in the District of Columbia. While he
■mrtoil the power, be still aisenod that Congress
could eat in conscience end good ftitb exert it.
*; Southern S
v\ hu ll t Ii**y I
in viMiitimn <»i tinur I h ive only to my to yn
Il JM ill I hut HjllJCft, tllfll flllAil) s the n«lvo<*llt(‘ of lll'ril’Tiile
muilM-l-t, liruilKlit lip ;il till* feet of one who Im I |*#*rilt'*«!
life uml f'lrtutie in thu iivhievem-*ntof out Ulrertn:*, Hf*
n-toni *il fi*'iii Itoylio***! to re\**renc«! th** coii'iiiniioii hy
»eriirn|, to esliinute lieyomJ all r.tli'iiln
bln value I he Ihnon who li ronol it nit's in one }h*< >|
owe nevertheless „ duty | (l my ,,v\ || Slate, t\ llM'tl !
emleuvor to fulfil. I hope to return to tlmt prop!**, I
in!* to lliem lh*- evidence of yoiir di*qio'-iiiori t<» pre«
the P«*are and lir*riii«»ny of tie* I uioii I know ile*i
ftoiion to it. For niy-e|f. | *lo m.i ht-iiate to »*ay
di#tllll”li ih an iden which t veil ill iliiamniitton I «-.i
fully M*ulr/»*. In ni”im*iii«. of .f, sp,„„l,. l , r y it ||. at
ft>>»* in* iniml.Hh a tdinpi»!e«i» mmom to which I rnn
ii** di-tiiiet form, hut dimly eipi.dinK n in*’ view n
!*.»*• I*irrihi11*I the horror* «.f alinti It/ mid
11 mild not draw tie* dividnm line hy m
ini*(ion of w Inch | um « upahle I *11:1 i
Within iIi** hroml liniil*- of the Si.*'** i
itiicle* mlvor
undine * »ie
, power.
j We do not know whether (’ongresB esn agree upon
j any compromise of the vexed queitirn of slavery that
j will In* entirely satisfactory to tile «fitFerciit seetioas of
I* ! the country* still we ar** pi id to see that pfojMwitions lo
Hon. Thomas Butler King.
Below will he found a Card published iu the No-
tional Intelligencer, by the gentleman whose mime
stands at the head of this article. Mr. King Inis been
charged hy his enemies with leaving a commission*
and pxerc.sing an undue influence in the formation of
the Constitution of California. In his Card, which
we presume precedes the more extended report of his
actings and doings in the matter about which so much
has been Raid, he gives the lie direct to all his slander
ers, aud states explicitly that so far as the subject of
Slavery is concern' d, he had nothing to do or say to
the people of that territory. One tiling we think is
personage thut any age or any nation has prutkul
This reproach we feel will not rest upon us.
As the whole people of the Union will lend u !
lo this wink, it will necessarily be light on individu
Itis not expTted, then, thut heavy suiwcriplions
be made by any. Il all come forward, as we feel till
will, n can Ihj erected without burden, uml
to all. There is u thought that just here i
self on our minds. Will not the fad that we ha
contributed to this, however small mav be our poi tioJ
h*ud us Ft 11 stronger to the country we love. Will u|
not feel proud in after life, when our chi'dren gith
around the peaceful fireside, lo tell them that we cot:
tr'.butcd one, or five, or ten, or twenty dollaYs to
lh ,s monument ? Our children will read of Washiugj
| ton. and they vk*il read too of this mark of resj*ect am
gratitude on the pnrt of his admiring countrymen.—
How would you feel, when, iu the simplicity of theii
little hearts, they were to turn to you aud ask if you
lent a helping hand to the great work? Yourfeeli
will depend on your conduct now. If you aided,
could take the urchin to your heart, aud feel proud o!
the deed ; if not, the very cjuestion would mortify and
rebuko you
\N e have not time to say all that we feel on this
teresting subject. In our next we will eudeuvur
cull more particular attention to it, and give u short
history of its design, its progress, its dimensions, its in
tended proportions, altitude, Ac. The .Monument is
now going up, and we feel assured that Georgia—slid
particularly this section of the State—will not be back-
warti iu pushing ii forward to its final completion.
Subscriptions to the Monument will be received at
tlii# office where those de#irous of aiding in the work,
ran enroll llieir name# in the agent’s l# ok.
Tiib Remington Bui hue.—We deem it almost
needless to cull the attention of our readers to t
'irnniiilM'ii
bcliox
but thut u hit I
tl irn i'Minii!"
inode of exercising it proves nothing; because if,
ns I contended, it wns part ot tho contract itself,
it was equally competent to Maryland to release I
tiny right acquired under it (juucumnue via da-1
M, therefore, whether this implied obligation oper
ates to the iinniliilation of the power, or, more
gently to control its exercise, the argument equal
ly' subserves my purposes; for here the question is,
whether tlio exercise of a mover to prohibit shive
ry iu the Territories would bo consistent with the
pledge mutually given and received by our fathers,
of equality of rigid in the actual possessions and
future Acquisitions of the United States, forbid
ding a distinction (in the language ol Yattel) to
the disadvantage of any portion ot the community.
You may have the power, if you will acknowl
edge nnd conform to the obligations of conscience
and good lattli which forbids its exercise.
I desire, then, to propound the question which
tir.it argument affords: Ii it would be contrary to
conscience, to good faith, and to the implied old;-
f ution thence resulting, to abolish slavery in the
district of Columbia, without the consent ol the
State of Maryland, the only remaining one of die
ceding States, upon what does that obligation
rest ? Why, certainly, upon the assumption that
it would ho in violation of the spirit and intent of
the parties at tho time when the cession was made.
Now, sir, revert to the period when this constitu
tion was entered into—when thirteen confederated
States, loosely connected together, mutually grasp
ing hands, drew more closely the Inutd ol union ;
and now tell me, do you believe—does tiny man
believe—that it consists with the spirit and inten
tion of the framers of that instrument, with the
feeling of that moment, thai you should circum
scribe slavery within limits within which, in pro-
ces« of time, it could no longer exist l 'Flint were
to deny to us the privilege ol exercising the rights
with which we came into the constitution, in the
maimer iu which we had exercised and were ox
ercibing them when the constitution was formed.
It would be in effect to say toils; We will allow
you to hold slaves, if you will keep them within
vour own limits; but in the future acquisitions
which we make of territories, even of such as are
rilled to your own peculiar kind of labor, hands off
—slavery shall never Ik* extended with our con
sent ; the banner of this free republic shall never
wave over another slave fc>tate, whether it were
originally free or slave.
If this proposition had been made to our fathers
in that convention, what, think you, would have
been llieir answer l l will not trust myself to ex
press it. Do you believe that this constitution
would have been form d under such circumstan
ces ? Formed it is ;aud if vou interpret it as you
propose, do you not do so with the firm conviction I outlet to that i/xtonove
that you aro giving un iiiler|irrtation Umi which | tlmt
the South. Nay
pr<»|M*riy at the imi'
and iu tin* manlier in wlnrli <
turn Iiiuhu it.
SnppiMo tlii# pr<»|ieriy di\ ided into purl#, nnd u puriimi '
ftHsigiicd tueyery individual nii/.cn ilie Utiiied Sun* *:
you would not exerri-o your power hv lolurleruiK wuh
tin* rigtil of tin* riliz n lo u*- ■ Hint prop.*riy ns !„• ih unlit
»iro|H*r. iih hu wns iu*i*u*toiiii*d P» u-* ms oilier pro|H-riy ;
uiid it you .voiild noi, in ihucvem of u division um >o*
nil iln* niizmis of the (hilled Suites, how, v\li*-u ho
come# to claim un undivit'ed nn**rch» in it. un common in
nil of ii#—Imw can you control In- rmln to um* tlmt nn -
di\ 'ded nii' , rc!*l in ilu* mnuiicr in w Im h l.c lino iiM*d Iih
other property! Wt»y, it you M*nou-ly In*hove tint
slavery i# u slum upon iln* Inn I when* u cxi«i> -that il
will pollui* 1 iln* soil—tliul you «.iiinot ilwdl uni"i
sluyeliolderh if llii*. I)" your real hole t. m.ike u parn
lion of tin* country. M i* did not ori*** tin- n-.-oriuiiou
vve yielded to umeMcy'. \V< !o noi ur^e ilu* chiiiii-ui
enjoyment ol the commoii pn**«*i:y- ».mv mill;** your
pir'.ttiuli. Tlw* stum which i-lau *v mipurt- to dial po*-.
Ill'll of lie* M'll W llldl I# loll IO IH —It ftilllll n would It*
—we will wipe off'l»y iln* conduct of iIiom* who uiliiit'it
il. Tuke your own division,#ii, Iroin it, mid ul ilici-v*
pirn lion, ui uny time you muy p’"|H <*•,*. cxaiium* the m.i-
iihlics of crime, to see if they are more or less favorable
in I he free or slave territory.
Sir. I beard the other duy it statement from the Sena
tor from New York,of tlu* appnmriiitiou ol thcMirplu#
revenue winch fell in iho#lmreo| |hat State to the pur-
|nihoh ot public educutiou ; Iluti there in. I believe lie
j'.ud, n ftvhool house ul the dnuime of every twenty*
four hundred yard**—every mile nod it hull—uioug tlio
public road# ; mid tlmt the »chnolmiHtcr i# at home, not
abroad in the State. iVriaiitly, sir, this h u very nniii*
fyutjjstatement, and exhibits whin I coitNider it mint ex*
, iritordmury fact. I believe iu Is'iiefits reMiltiug from
I tlu* cultivation oftlie Inmiaii mind.
Mr. Boiler, Jiiiterposiiii!.) 11 tltu Senator from («eor
Ria will allow me. I would Migucsl the projiriety ol tliu
Semite’s adjouroini* over toanotlier day, (ogive ilu* mmi-
ator an ap|Niriiiuiiy to liiinli hi# nr^uiiient. I perceive
that he h l.itigned.
Mr. Berrien. I um very much indebted to the Sena
tor, luit I shall close speedily, tuid prefer to tiiii.-li now.
I was struck by the fact, that lit a State where the
menu# ol education me so multiplied—where they art*
in the reach of every hotly—while ;o my own Stale tim
spit rue i less of the |Hipulatioii forbids the esluhlis.mteoi
of Hiteh uttUlvroUH schools, ou eotu;urtuu the jv'ye .
oftlie States, und the (piaiitiim of crime ill the »ic > »•
with that of the other, you w ill. I incline to think, iind
that crime unit edacitumi have cone togelher; I bin tin*
mere.hc ol know ledge ha# been an increase of the
er of dcvising tlu* means hy which • rime cun he p> i;ie-
truled. It h a melancholy fact, and yet is a fuel w '.ich
I believe will nppenr hy a comparison of the mui < lies.
Mr. DickiiiRim, Uiiter|Vwiug.) The honorable Stuitiior
includes, I doubt not, the city of New Yoik I la should
reeollci t tlmt that is the great cuicrjmt for all the etui*
Kration from Fornax*.
Mr. Berrien. I wish it were |x»ssible to make the
dislinclion. 1 am very sensible that a I a rue reduction
ott|*lit to Ik* made on account of tlmt fact in Invor of
the Suite of New York; bit I Itelicve that with all
that, the balance t# in olir l.»vor, even vv it Ii iln* hiiihtiu*
cumlmnt weight of the oread ml sin of slavery, winch is
uiulorxUHxl to lead to all maimer of iniquity.
Mr. Seward, uiiicrpusmg.) I will relieve the Sena
tor from uil dillieuliy or misapprelieitsion ou this lieul,
at a pro|K*r lime. I am prejsued to show hy the stain*
tics that the result is different.
Mr Ilerrien. I desire to say a word or two in conclu
sion. I am enquiring whether, if this power existed, it
would Ih* expedient upon tlio |Kirt ot ihiscoverumeiil 10
exercise it. 1 huve endeavored to show that it would
he inconsistent with the principles of koihI faith. Hut it
h said that it may be properly exercised, became the
Sunlit have bad advantages vvbieb are greater than
those of tlu* North. The South has exercised, it is said,
a prenter degree of ndluence in the councils of the na
tion than the North. Now, as the South is not numeri
cally superior t“ the North, if it appear* that a greater
degree of influence has been exercised hy them, it must
lx* owing to some circumstance upon which it would
not be quite modest tor a Soul hem man to dwell. Hut
a debtor and creditor account lias been opened.
It is said that tin* South bus partiripaled more largely
than the North in the Territories that have been ac-
tptired. Thai argument was pressed by the Senator
trout Massachusetts tMr. Webster) upon a former occa
sion. 1 desire to advert to it now, liecause I know that
it i# one which bus bad its effect niton tho minds of the
people of the tree Slate*, ami has Wen offcii and pu t-
licly ura*‘d. It Hs.ti.. that Dait-iann, Floridaand'lYx-
as——|lint »H lh’* foreign acquisitions have Iteen made t'»r
the Itenefit of tbv Southern State**; l speak **f the Ter
ritories itctpnrcd ooin France and Spun, io addition to
Texas. Well, n «w, s:.. tl esc are . barged t.» the South
it* having accrued to her benefit; against tlii# I protest,
foiuisiana was ampured, not :»t the uisi.tuceof the South,
but at the iiisiance and especially t"r ihe henetit ot me
great northwest. It was at the urgent instance of the
people of the valley of the Mississippi, who required the
‘ at extensive region *»f country, though eer-
hole
; i u«
i call (
ti \vu, Hot a hmulii
p!iiCo when* Ortl ml
(In ir j lot's- on aid
that end have been, ami an* still likely to be made, by
the uhlcst stalesuieti of that body. To such efforts,
and to the considerate wisdom of their authors and
siipiiortcrs, ihe people are now looking with something
uht* J of hope and much of unxioiis solicitude. Sli.ill these
will hopes Ih* dmappuinted, aud tins deep solicitude ine. Teas-
"*nr- cd ! Shull w« rema;n a united people under the stars
| 7’’ I and strip**# of a great and glorious confederacy, er
thai ! shall we he torn and r**ul asunder by the mudiie#s of
men lient on miscliief' Shall our country g-'Oii pros
pering uiid to prosper, blessed with all the rich protluc-
lions of earth, ami ert wned with all ll»e hiiiiIch ol heav
en, or nIihII it be desolated by civil strif-', and rn.ued
amid the fea'ful wrath of infuriated brother# f Men
tlmt talk of doing things regardless of cuns-'queue**#,
and nppejr io lick to a dissolution of t!i<* Union with
n laud of s iinn.c joy, would do well to answer the-,*
qiie.-fmis to their consciences and to their fellow men
Ap*iit, However, from eveiy thing els**, w* niiHtsiy
til-lt ll hr.;vy 'eApOllSlb'lltV Ter IS tlpoil tile pr*S**lit I ’« ;t -
grass III r *g«r«l to the #cltlen*cnt of thu su!*j**ct **f
>i •• • 'I'll,* •'.null ins been irritated, wronged, aud
ti' casiotiull) t muted. Un .**r th * iiiffu**aen ol ;. su.ioge
f h»*r envwnes have tatwnrd, step h* -
steji, in then course m injustice, Until she finds he no If
c.impelled •" m dl*' on • I ,st hole III II uppeal t • h<*r breln-
ren of me N i»i in ti
! plain enough, that u large majority of the people of vertiRcmeul of the proprietors of the right to erect tho
Remington Bridge, w hich will be found in another
place. That advertisement will explain itself, u.;d a
view of the model Bridge, which tail be se’»n in the
garden of the Oglethorpe House, will satisfy tlio
the most sceptical of its strength, mid of the correct
ness of the priuciplt* on which it is constructed. If
there is any humbug in the matter it will soon be
; tested, for the proprietors ure now building a bridge ut
Montgomery, Ala., with a span of 400 fuel, without
pier# or oilier intervening support. Read the adver
tisement, mid then go and see the model of tile bridge.
Thi# in the age uf great improvement in nil tho rn«-
i Imuic aits, and here is one well worthy of taki..^ us
pLcv am* tig the proudest triumph# of the day.
(’ttliforiiia ure democrats, uml nearly to a man are op
posed to 'Slavery.- What say the eiicmeis of Mr. King ?
A Card from Hon. T. Butler King.
WAftiuxoton, Fib. ^3, 1850.
To t i' Editors of the National Int-'Uigtncer.
(ii.vi t.i ii v n : Wnnit mo lo state in your column*
tint my i!!iio-*.h in California and .subsequent long
d* bi'ity-iny nuinermis pros-jug ciig.igcmciits siiH''*
inv anival hero and the* • fforts of a rt*i‘< nt indi —
pisi;:oii. which !.•*»># paralyzed inv energies for
M.iio* days, have delayed much longer than I in
tended or exacted iny report on California. But
I r.inn'*! h uger permit Ihe public tnind lo be* as-
s *i ed p rb:«|>s mi-lotl,bv in«*niM**on*', itqnirier
a nd m< edees, which if not promptly niisw* rr,',
lit *• !»'• coiiftidereiJ as acquiesced fit; or h< !d a -
■ !> I i:i..«repreM > ni:ilioii lias as-t'ue*! 11* i:
* * i* in - io:.n-s imcoiitradictod ! in* i* I r*- ivn
tin' j dd not not receive, in connection w'nli mv
d'.iies n (!■'i!if**roia, nor Inve I at any i■ • ii • c * civ-
id. «.*, r. t instr.;ciioii.s, whetiier verbal or ,v r nte*.
111 .i.i the IT'-dent ol tin* United St.l*>, -.r uny
p o:tjb r of id- (‘linnet, on the subject , | sluve-
i\ or :u»v other si t*j”ci 1 d.d nut attempt to
in'h'O'ire i(.•• poi p!t» of ('iiliform.i to don •• t!,•*
ti i >• or ( i • l.iverv o;.o way or tin* other ; and mv
j ov*;r a Katior.
It . i
ri(’’it**oii# coinpliiiiMs.
lake the m o'. r >u li.-r
1 did
•*t I
inline.
, inq.ii
ndef”
h that it t
iffi Julty, c /im -
slxb'hiy of tin*
f/..|
(hu* iluv this
• ?. v
lint store in iln-- cil\, :nul ul ruiiiinng.i,g over
the waves, s*‘l<Ttt‘il an oi»bn »r\ looking .*;r. —pot
it ou his reverend head —ogled I iiii»ell in l ie
glass—tin'll usked the very lowest puce ol ii —
tolling the vended that it i* could get it cm up
enough lie thought he might b y it.
*• But,'’ said the hatter, that hat is not good
enough tor you to wear—berets what you witni, M
showing one ef his beat beavers.
**’ Tis the best l cun afford though,” returned
the theologian.
•• Well, ill.'re, doctor—I’ll make h present ol) „ uu .,|
Inal he-1 heaver, if you’ll we.tr it and tell vour
Iriends whose store it eitino I rout—1 Ii warrant
you il send nn* customers enough to get my mon
ey back with interest; you are pietty extensively
acquainted.”
*1 the tum*B are pn**if .*im
•‘H I T IIKgli I*t# I” s* |ll#5 |||>
my result dauipTmis l» tl
Union, and diftastii'iis l»*hiiimm Ire* dam. il"ii*:e aiis- s
ilu* leal ful re#piiiiHibihty that umv ie«i# ii|»Oii tli# rep-
i •*!*»• ii t «t 11 Vi'# of the peoj !,* I.*U'g :: ltd angry apeccll**#,
1 mui'iinim .• lt«i ri'Criiuillsl’ui,#, i .ii ,1.* .to good at this
1 tune The qtiftuiou iiiiia! be settled, and we bi ll t hug
, to tlu* hopo that there is prudence and patriotism
enough in our pubic council# to do un jastire, ami
, save the Union. If there at not, its days inn) be
: even now numbered.
Ourselvei and Other*.
As our neighbor of the Sentinel Im#, iu hi# last pub-
i Uoutiou, rather tnkeu us to tusk for our course towards
. l)r. West, vve must lx? permitted to #xy, that iu th**
^ controversy winch has sprung up between them vve
part, and intend to take none. We
refloat the assertion, that vve
ow untiling of the merits of the controversy, have
ighl iio information in relation to it—und if it will
*iid tho mutter any, we will mm say that vve care
little as vve know. Dr. West may be all, iu point
. I il*
-trn
*i h* ti .ally
nt the «hud(
A i tv
i* n found tiitmi in fact an
tint‘i.
I beg leave In call the attention of the public to
'tit'* lac;-, which will show vvh.it was don** by
the late A*Itttipi-rration to induce the people of (.’«[-
i'i’rii i t" .‘urn a Slate (ii»verniiionf I arr veti at
San Era nr■isf.i mi th0 fourth «d Jon . iu i!»*• steam
er lhiiiama ; vve did not stop at Monterey ; nor did
1 sre <>r hold any cniiiiminiiation with (ft*n. Riley
until bun the tni< die of that month, whit he came
to San Francisco. II.* proclamation call.e.g u t ou-
v< u: ion «f the people of California to form a State
cen*!i tnit n is dated at Monterey—130 m.h's from
Sin Francisco—the third of Jure. Tu la-tpar-
itg’ii ’h of tins proclamuttion the following
“The methni! here indicated t>» alia in vvlmi i#dt*#ir-
c • hy h:I, vis. n ni.»r# perfect i#ditual orgainzattei . i#
deemed the must tfoei t and #stle that ra.i he adopted
Hon. J. C. Calhoun.—The correspondent t f the
Charleston Courier writing tram Washington on tne
2fith tilt., Fays that Mr. C'alhniiii has been more un
well during the last week, und has not left Ins room.
His rough is very bud. I doubt whether lie will be
aide to ftpe.ik in the Senate this #e*a : on. He ha# com
muted hi# intruded remarks to paper, and they will be
read hy Mr. Butler.
The Hut hue ('ask —It turn# out after all that this
creto ru e Ita# been derided ngaiti-t old friend Shultz.—I
Ther- i« now no doubt of th** fort that lie hollowed Ih?-J
fore he woBivnt *»f 1 (m vvoml#. The Supreme court vveroj
tirtHtiim* us in the derision again*l him.
[CcR TIIK Col.l'MBl’S ENQUIRER.]
A List of Game Killed in the Last Seven Years.
Tu: A« y# 11uwk*. Otols- Si/n rr, In. D:cr. j
1H13. * H • HU7
Id? I. 26 7 751
IMS. 3 *24 !» 71*2 4
1816. 1« 33 10 305 4
1S4‘.», 11
15
| 42 157 53 4164 15
| Suppose each kqnirrel to eat a perk of corn iu a year,
i they Would eat 104*2 bushel# ; Hippie*.* the corn to tie
1 worth 50 renl# per bushel ; according to that calrti'a-
| tion they would in one year destroy 521 dollars wo^h
| «.f t orn. If 1 have nut saved any corn by killing wpttr-
j rcl#. I have had #everal messes of them, certain. I k*>ie<l
! all thi' game in the neighborhood where I live, except
4deer, which 1 killed in Florida, in IMS. B'sides what
; are in the above list, I have killed a lot nf raccoon*,
Jvi'- 1 o’jNissom#, mink", f"xes, otter#, rabbit#, birds,
th.* I* re-ident and by the S*rra*nry of State and crane#,tic DWIS GRAY. H.irrin comity, Ga,
his t
•• Thunk you—thank you !” said the doctor— of turpitude aud baaeneas, tlmt Ims been charged upou
gleaming with pleasure at raising
lor mi cheaply—“how much may litis beaver be I
worth ?”
*■ \Yo sell that kind of hat for eight dollars,” re- ;
plied the man ot nap.
“And the other l" continued the reverend gen-'
tletnan.
*• Three.”
'Hie man of sermons put on the heaver—looketl
in the glitss—then ut the three dollar hut.
*• I think, sir ” said lit*—taking off’ the beaver, •
and bolding it in one Itutn! us he donned tlu* cheap I
“ tile,” ** I think, sir. that this hat will answer my :
purpose full us well as the best.”
*• But you’d better take the best otic,
you m» more.”
*• ll-n t—htt-t,” replied the parson, hesitatingly
—•* I did’nt know—luit—per-Imps—you would us
liel I wmild take the cheap one—aud leave the
other—and perhaps you would not mind giving
me the difference in a jive dollar hill!"—lloslon
Host.
A Stkp from thk Srm.tME, &e.—Dow Jr.,
desnibes life nt twenty in the following unique
him—and if so, our neighbor is welcome to all the
tumor and all the profit thut cun r* suit in u contest
with him. We have never known him, personally
or otherwise, never invited him to lecture, never heard
Iiiiii lei lure, never invited him to our house, and con
sequently never was im|H«cd on.
It may be thut we are sometimes ** false to our du
ty,” in not hawking about the world for matter of per
sonal assault ou every itinerant wanderer that chances
to pass through the country ; but if so, vve have deter
mined to be thus denied, and leave such a task to
those who huve more taste for such work. We ar#
, it costs ■ >a>t yet commissioned us public censors, and have no
particular uuthority as guardians of the public morality.
For tho first of these characters wc look to the civil
officers of the country, and for the latter to the tirnis-
ters of tin* most High. It would be something of u
peep iu the dark to search for them among our edito
rial brethren. As to our duties iu our vocation, vve
are always happy to receive information, nnd this This vv
happiness is not a little increased by the fact flint vve
have ascertained where such information can be ob
tained gratuitously ! We shall apply when we need
it, or probably sooner.
the 1 iiil«*d Mai-*, and is rnl-ulaled Mnv<*i
ih- iciiiitnenihle exits which must n. r-##artly result
fnv.H uiy Ltiemnt at tile cat !(,.■vi l*gt-luiou. lt»v there-
lore, lit*;«ed it will tneel the approbation of the jieople of
California, and that ul’ giwaj citizens wdi unite .n lurry
ing it into execution.”
Tic* Steam* r in vv ich l was a passenger tn San
Francisco was the first conveyance to carry in the
people of California the intelligence of the inaugu
ration id' ('resident Taylor and the Appointment of
his Cabinet—so tlmt, at the date of (Jen. Riley’s
proclamation, it was not possible that be could
have received any communication from the present
Administration. The l'reswl'Mtt of tiie U. Slat
[Fff-;ii ihe CliurteMon Conner. *2.1 inU.J ^
Telegraphic Intelligence.
Baltimore, Feb. 23, 1H50.
j There vv-re luit small sales of Cotton lo-dny. The
i market t# steady, without any change in the prices
' Flour, Grain, and indeed all oilier Merchandise remain
ns nt last advice#.
Personal Difficulty in Washington
Yesterday, in consequence of some reflections having
lieen previously l)een cast on the Mississippi regiment,
j in debate, by Col. Hissell. Member of Congress from
Illinois, a hostile meeting was arranged between Inin
and Jefferson Davis, Senator from Mississippi, the
^ 1 weapon# being musket#, ai fifteen paces. We are Imp-
. ...u ... i... ...« vra t» ti, ,i„. o ... 1 py to state that the matter was lo-day amicably arranged
lo who,n 1,0 K ' en uas Mr 1 olk * thp S, ‘ crpmrv by n|ieMoi)at inlerventmnof the Fr*#i.k*nt
■*:atp Mr. Bticiiatian, tho Secretary of War Mr
Marcv. It was in accordance with the recommen- 1
dattoiisi of this proclamation, sustained as they are 1 President Taylor.
ill be recollected that Senator Davis was the Col-
I of the Mississippi Regiment, an 11# the son-in-law of
.Mr. Hisskll was also the cum-
“ Friend#, at twenty vve are wild us partridges.
There*s no such thing as turning us: wc ride mat I * “
tierce, fiery and head-strong animal. Passion, over Roadi.
fences, ditches, hedges, on to the devil—leap the i We have said of lute but lull** ou the subject of the
rive-barred gate of reason without touching the curb 1 Railroad# which ore in contemplation to and from our
of discretion, or pulling harder than a tit-mouse
upon the strong rein of judgment. And ut twenty I
you are perfect locomotive
sixty nn
President Polk’s last annual message, that the
people of California acted in forming their State
constitution. I always addressed the people of
Ualiforina in my private character, and never as
sumed any official position among them. Interest
ed as l am in slave labor, as a Georgian and a
Southern citizen, 1 was prepared to expect that the
objects ofmy mission would be perverted in the
Noriit; and l find accordingly that dating the last
fall elections iu that quarter I was there represented
as a Southern slaveholder sent to California to in
doctrinate the people in my opinions about slavery.
a liase falsehood; blit it is not half so
base as an attempt to impress on the public mind
that l was sent to coerce or influence California to
exclude slavery. T. Butler Ki.no.
Mr. Foar’a Plan.—We ure uo great admirers of
mandcrofa regiment at the battle of Buena Vista, and
behaved gallantly ; and il would have been a matter of i
deep regret had two such tried soldiers met in |iertiOiiiil
conflict.
Later from San Francisco.
New Orleans, Feb. 23—*2, p. m.
The steamship Alabama, from Chagre*, with 65 ju»- p
senger# and 450.000 in gold dust, arrived at New Orlea.ta
this day. Site brings dates front San Francisco to the *rf
1 Ith of January.
Sacramento City had lieen inundated by the ove; flow *
of the river, and an immense quantity of cattle an-J oth
er property, estimated at some million#, had lieen swept
away, the inhabitants were sufferings by this great ca
lamity.
The mine# near Stockton had lieen attacked by a body
of Chilians, and several Americans killed und tlio
test taken prisoners, but were #oon after released. Great
excitement prevailed in consequence, and it was stlppoa- '
ed tlmt the Chilian- would he ex(«lled from the country.
happy to learn that Mrs. Fremont had re-
Mr- >•••»«. '»< « •«»*>“>" «» WJ »>•“ h« ' ^ l,U ’ b “'"''
the dis|io#iiion, joined with the abil.ty, to settle the ex
- ahout deporting for the United States.
Nevv-Orleans Market.—Two thousand bnles of
inntion of slavery, la looking over the pro- I Staton "ere di«p.«cil of altar the reeeipt of the .(niri
• • ™ r .. .'..il.. i„ Xf;.L!Li
knew the work was going steadily and |
... .„,iidlv ou towards Macon, und fell that it would be 1
ported locomotive#, g..uvg at the rate ot ' . , ’, .... #l f ,, ,
ilea tut hour, yo.tr heat tho holier, love the ; “ U,e uud
steam which you sometimes blow offin siohs.-am! ! «*•«« d reclor >' would H*™ 111 - A Koad *»“ nt "-1»
hope, fo.tr, anxiety, and jt\»lo.i*»v, an* the Train that built iu the columns of a newspaper, aud consequently
i arc filled vv iih ! 1
' flung loviks to- ! . ,
is contrary to tlu* uuout and #pirit of its framers ?
And do you believe that it is consistent with the
principles of good faith ?—do you believe that it Ivuetit, yet wc found the lab.
* ' * ' * ' ' * ‘ 2 to the same purpose# F’
acquired w tilt tx peculiar
>outh. A Iskly oflndu
is consistent vviili<he principles of eternal just
ff you fet*l the force ol tin* obhgniiou winch they
impose in relation to tins portion of the territory
included within the ten miles square—if rather
than do injury to the State of Maryland by the
iboluion of the institution which she tolerates,
you will, with noble manliness of character, fulfil
the obligations which rest upon you, aud carry ti ^ w
out that contract in its spirit and intent -are you an'd* MitfWti'pi' itzai^FI
insensible to the far higher and more ailemn \*b- 1
ligation# which bind you to deal in the same spir.t
with that great charter of the liberties on which
this Union depend* ?—to abstain from itr> flragrant
particularly i.<r the ttenehl
tiitiugh wc welcomed ihe acquisition a# a great comm m
"tU iiiliabiiaut#devuted
, and a necessarily nt-
ivased pnxfucii»>n din»tni#li#d the value of our pro-
I ducts. To the South, ihewforv, tin# umjiiis
peculiarly beneficial
Nottlter
v tu ttie tute rest# of lh#
that Territory, under lit#
control of the Span'sh government and it# agent#, were
the source of constant discussions and einlvtrrassinei.ts
to the government of the Failed 5*tatc
It win not tor tliegratiti'
iieorgia, Ahtlanna,
fiiiady purv based, but
t«» ivuvwe a’s.vurce of constantly recurring difli, u!ly be-
iWfril our government and that *'f Sjmiu, un.l to remove
aKidyof (itfople who were habitually eommnnng :tg-
gnrsston# winch bad to be repelled ; so that neither the
a •'quint ion of Territories from France nor Spam is just*
you drag. At ibis season ofhle
oxhilerating uas of romance, ov-
mantic by spell*—even a jack
over a btrrel of vinegar. You (lh*tli girls and
Ihws) now read novels till your gizztr Is Ime >ott- i
cited into sentimental jelly, ami settled .mo a pit ol
your stomach. Ob! i know bow vou fo.l * 1
leol us tho’ you would U
stai! kick linle planets a si
their blazing liatr, and puli them into their r.g.u
courses, mi upon the highest p**ak of a tbnnd**r
clou 1 and dangle the red lightning lietween your
thumb and linger as .a watch chain, and then dive |
into the golden sunset sea and sjvort with l!
tial syrens, speed on. pull the no-e of the man
me.rtn?ack crewtie*i. kn.*ek a f.w panes t
ot ticaven, ami tho. flutter down gcnilv as
I'rwxe and rind the darling
mending stockings ! Tnat’» |,ovv vou le
have left it lo the steady work of those under w tmee
•nterprirng spirit it bus rapidly moved forward. It
philosophising 1 must bo understood also, that a Railroad can not be
Completed in a day. It lakes time, us well as labor and
money, to complete a great undertaking. Hence wo
have awe tied the hour when we could, with so.no co.i-
to so.t; from star to fidcuce, speak of the compleituu of our road, ut.d
k«* cr.;zv ctuiit'ts by 1 point to the period wheu it will likely be finished. Tiut
tune ha# now come.
It is our duty us il is our pleasure to state that M .j,
Howard, the enterprising and untiring Pre.-idenl ol
the Mus ogee Railroad Ooinpatiy has completed u
contract with Mr. Gray, by winch the cars are j 0 [,,.
moving ou about thirty miles of the Road, ou or bv
the fiist of J.uutry next, and ou the whole of the
onject ot y«»ur love ! Road to Fort Val'ey, by the first of November there-
j after. Thus it will be seeu that the Road counfciiug
That Bonnet.—I* .»i ig down Dt.tpbin strt*ct “ direcl, y wilh l,,e AtUutic will not ouly l»e buift, hut
yesterday, vve met a !rii*n t j waikii'g very fast, with : l,ml 11 *' il1 ^ finished by u time to which the meutul
a band;# x, eonlam ug *.\ imp. bonnei, of the very
latest lasltioti. ^e hailed hi u with, hold on B. j
What the iit*uce are you travelling so fast about ? I
Wbv, says he, tho fact U. \ have just bought my ,
wile u new ^utuot, and 1 um on the run t» g**t J
home with it before it g out ol fadiion.—}l•* j
bile Advertise*
vision of a very short-sighted mau cun look with hope
uud certainty.
Now corn## the other great I nk that ia toemnect
us back to Meb.le. T.i;s work has arorne*! ihe f c e|.
iugs uud excited Ihe iotereet, us vve have more ti.au
ouee remarked, of tho entire people along it# whole
ceediuge of (’otigrese, we see a proposition of the Mis- i
fi-s ppi Senator to raise a committee of thirteen, six '
from the s!aveholdiug, und six from the uou-slavehold- '
iug States, aud these twelve to select a thirteenth i
member. Mr. Foot stated that he had consulted with ;
two-thirds of the Senators, aud meinb* r# of the 1
House, uud was assured that u compromise would be
effected : that the cornu.nice would ugree u|xm u j-luu |
which the Souate, the House and the country would
ratify. So may il be. If such can be the reiult, vve
cure not from whom the proposition comes.
Panorama o! the H&isiiarippi.
The or.giual Panorama of tho Mississippi River, is
now exhibiting at the Coucert Hall, and will remain
there during the preeeul Week. This great Paiutiug,
by PoMvREoe, vve have uot seen, but all who have
concur in their opiuiou of the ub.lity aud fidelity of the
artist, iu sketching the splendid scenes on the father |
of waters so natural and life-like us to be ul once re- |
coguiz- d by every oue that hu# seen them. But few
of us call ever hope lo see the original object# from
which the painter Im# »o faithfully udorued Ins im
mense cauvass. Go theu, uud look upon the truthtul
representation of rivers, prairies, cities, steamboats,
forts, battles, buffalo hunts, and a Utousaud other
tilings, which will pass before your eye# iu all the
grandeur aud glory of reality. In doing so, you will
not only gratify a natural curiosity, but you will re
ward the uru»t who hua labored for your iiuiruciiou.
We repeat it agaiu,go and see the Panning.
Middhing 111. TU
LOUISIANA LEGISLATURE.
The foil awing ReM'lution# passed the Legislature of i
the good people of Loutsi-na, since her ad*
' *. Union, have ever entertain* 1 *‘- —*
Lonisiai.it against the Wilmot Proviso, and in favor of
ih** N:t#hville (’onventiou.
W here a., ....
mission into the Union, have ever entertain* •' the mo#t
profound re*pert for their brethren < f ttie other Slate*',
the most hincere anxietv for perpetualing the union of
all. and the most scrupulous loyalty to that Constitution
wliicli tv Uie pledge oftmiiual friendship, ami the in-iru-
inent of mutual happiness—This assembly doth explicit-
lv amt pereintnrily declare, that it view* the |#*vvere of
tl;e Federal Government us limited by the plain sense
and intention of the instrument constituting that com
pact, and that the good jieople of Louisiana wih main
tain uml defend the (!on#tituti*'n against every aitgres-
■ion, foreign or domestic; and that they, in common
vviili their brethren of all the Southern Sinks; contem
plate with sincere regret, the threatened pafittble and
alarming infraction# oftlie Constitution, bv ihe pri'|**ed
enactment of tie Wi!ro»t Proviso, ami the abolition uf
slavery iu the District of Columbia, ami that these and
>uo- essiv e net#of the same cliaructer. unless arrested at
the threslihold, may tend to drive these States into • pen
resistance, ami may furnish new calamities against re-
pub'.can government*: Therefore,
J»t. lie a UtfJcrd bu /hr Senate and House of Rep
ntentative* in Otnend Assembly convened. That tin
;-»wers not delegated to ttie Uuited States by the Con
siiiiiiion, nor prohibited hy it to the States, are reserved
to the State# respectively or to the people.
•J. R<solved. That all territory acquired by the Con
fedemey, is the common property of all the r tales.
3d. lit*o!wd. That Loui-iana cherislie# a warm ami
le voted attachment to the American Union, and Wotil-
tcprecaie it* dissolution a- a national t-aliuuny ; buuf
u violation «»f tin* t onstitution of the I ’nited >.afo*
tu di»regur.i oftlie spirit uf comrssivi. and « uq r
i't which it was framed. Congress: «l#*uld engrult tu u
