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baMbeen different hud * formal ofganization taken
ahM, to of course, to mow oatont, apeculativo and
Snocrtain. But while all Buffered more or leu* by
the bad, or rather non-adminialretion, of territo
rial aflalre, the South waa situated in respect to
her provilfnt form of libor, to luffcrdisproportion-
ttelv. By Use act of California's admission into
the Union, what had originated in this indirect,
constructive and somewhat atmmoloua manner,
was but carried Into final execution. At the same
time it'is quite apparent that no act In tho power
Of this Congress could not recall the lott advantage
to As South. The case in the beginning, waa not
one of the aggreuion of the government it having
but broken down by division and weakness in an
effort to give what was deemed by the large ma
jority of Southern representatives an acccptablo
government, the Clayton compromise. Govern
ment failing, a theoretical political right, possibly
a substance, was lost, that in the nature of things,
was irrecoverable. For example, had the organ-
intion into which California emerged from a stale
of anarchy of two years duration, been taken from
her, and she remanded even, the accumulated di
straction to the slaveholder in the prevalent public
opinion there, would obviously have still remained.
Had ahe been divided, at tho sacrifices of conve
nience it would have involved, and a feeble Terri
tory in the southern part of the country, kept on
band with a view to invite slavery there, looking
to the free State on the north, Mexico with no law
of extradition by which wo could reclaim a fugi
tive slave, on the sooth, the character of the coun
try within, and In the rear, bearing in mind iho
immenae, perilous, and expensive intermediato
travel, is it probable, the aubject, being confessedly
uncertain, that tlaecry would hate been a perma
nent institution cf the anticipated State!
California may now, or at a future day. admit
slavery. Some believe it. Sucli is not my own
judgment. Rather, will not oxpericnco of her
mines, correspond with that which lias invariably
cone before it? Will not the permanent and dura
ble natural qualities of the country ss s poor ag
ricultural, a good commercial one, be rapidly grow
ing on the vision? But is Iter admission into tho
Union from a territory of our own with sufficient
and well informed population, vast resources of
mineral |wealth, and an extenaivo ami rapidly
growing commorccjlho attributes, resources, and
capacities of a State in fine—her admission, cer
tain formal territorial obaervancea of Iho value nr
influence of which in the particular most interest
ing to us, so little can be with safety predicated—
her admission carried after ten monllta discussion
and investigation by the unexampled majority of
till to 61 votes—that majority, too, including u
very considerable portion of tho slavebnlding rep
resentatives—to he resented with tccestiun or rev
olution !
The discussions ol the limes iiuvc brought to
the surface of opinion nnd feeling much exaspera
tion and impatlrneo highly prejudicial lo a fair nnd
truthful view of the subject in hand. Alter nil
that can be justly said in lire way of politirnl crit
icism on tho slovenly proceedings and rapid pro
gress by which California lisa found her way Into
the Union, lot us contemplate for one moment tho
indulgent light in which alto was regarded by
Mr. Polk, wnoofall public men had most lo do in
bringing there territories to the door of tho Union,
and than whom ono more devoted to the South or
truer to tho Union, whatever else may bo objected
to him, wan never honored hy her confidence. It
will ho recollected, that in tho Inst winter of his
presidential service, Senator Douglass, of Illinois,
proposed a hill to convert California at once Into a
state, with a view to throw this question of alavc-
into tho hands of her people, crude and of doubtful
lavoritifim, for nlavery to go no further, and their
instant admission into tho Union. I have sought
of Senator Douglass to know tho light in which
Mr. Folk regarded that nroject. The following
short extract from his reply, which he did me the
Itonor to address me hero on the ‘id instant, will
show it. Speaking of tho hill in question he pro
ceeds thus:
" It simply authorised the people of Californio to
form a Ktate Government nud settle the slavery quentiuo
to suit themselves, and to come into tin? Union iih n Siam.
Mr. Polk took a deep interna in tho imssagc of the bill
as modified hy me, and arrayed bin iiemonnl und imliiind
friend* to support it aa tho hart nnd only mode of giving
government to the people of California, nnd of willing
the question in a rootle satisfactory to tho country and
consistent with the Constitution of the United States.
You will have no difficulty in finding a hoetofwitm'HKs
In support of tldn assertion.*'
Thus we see, that so far from subjecting Cali
fornia toa course, in conventional nliruses, of ter
ritortial pupilage and probation, his plan waa to
clothe her people on tho instant withsuflrngepow
er over the suhjoct of slavery, and leave the South
to abido their will. Nor can it bo urgued that ho
underrated the valuo of matured and well protect
ed paper aafe conducts to theso territories in behalf
of tho slave, in ignorance of the mines they con
tain. Far from it. If gentlemen will turn to tho
incHsago from which I liavo quoted passages re-
H]>ecting the truo principles to ho introduced into
the territorial bills, they will find not only tho
greater (nines of California, hut the mere insignif
icant and leas attractive ones of New Mexico,
diacuaaod and treated of. They, went then, all
embraced in his thoughts, and provided for in tho
governmental plans just seen.
No ono complains of the slavery restriction
clause, in Itself, in tho constitution of California.
Tho just ground of objoction is, to tho irregularities
that attended the exercise of the suffrage franchise
to its adoption. Her admission on a vote made up
in so slovenly a manner, is, the truo offence. Yet
these irregularities, it mnst be admitted, were uni
versal in their awlication to the States. Being an
offence against the whole, tho question made by the
North to tho Houth was, Cannot and ought not tho
whole, in view of tho oquitios springing up in be
half of California out of tho fact that the States
had given her no government nnd of her capacity
lo act us a State, forgive her irregularies ? We
spoke of Iter vast seacoast. They (Minted to Flor-
da, which ocean and gulf measured, is in round
inumbers near twice aa long. We objected
to her area-—they pointed to Texas, containing
double her acres. And thus having examined hy
a partial and rapid analysis, into the nature of tho
wrong done us in regard to California, the mode
by which it came about, resulting, as it did, rather
from tho non-action than tho aggression of tho
Government, tho uncertain nature of the loss, if
any we have, in substance, sustained and to what
extent it waa in the power of the present Congress
to supply an available remedy, the question vast
as it is recurs, Is this an offence sufficiently grave
to he commensurate with the mighty enterprise of
dissolving a Confederation of thirty'States awl cov
ering a jieople of twenty millions with a degree of
prosjxnty and happiness which sets all rompanson
with any other nation under Heaven at defianet f
Secession! and secession for such a cause!
1 now propose to bestow a word on the fugitive
slave bill. Its provisions are the most ample and
stringent kind possiblo to he introduced into it.—
Congress did in substance say to the South in its
passage, “The Constitution entitles you to tho
surrender of your slave* flying into the free States
—your rights in this particular have been disre
garded, nay, trodden down—the North is to Iks
hla
even though that choice might be in its favor.—
Yet Texas was already, in her entirely, a slave-
holding country. Again when at a still later date
Oregon was admitted, the Wiltnot proviso was
spread over the whole of it. In all these instances,
(and they bring us up to the late measures,) we
perceive that this Government by an exertion of
aggressive power, swept it from where, it existed, or
jtrcrentrd it from where it did not. On the contrary,
in all the legislation of this Government first and
last, touching these Mexican territories, it cannot
be asserted of it that it has in a single instance
commitcd an aggression on it.
Hut let us suppose that the settlement falls short
of full jufltic to the South. Words arc lightly ui>ed
and yet are ofton “potent tilingsthe statement
is made, that ii she acquiesce, or rather, if she do
not secede from the Union, or “resist” the Govern
ment within it, she will he dishonored. And how
and in what sense, and hy what measure or meas
ures, will she be dishonored? It is seen that such
of our forefathers as Mr. Jefferson and Mr. Madi
son, imposed Ihe Proviso on themselves, and that,
universally and without reference to division in
the territories.
Gentlemen there Is no dishonor done the South
in the late measures. None has been intended.
Nor has tho “North” triumphed. There exists no
such unworthy feeling among them. A few evil
spirits excepted, who shall not now be named, the
sentiments cherished hy Northern members are
those of renewed fraternity and unaffected grati
tude for tho prospect, whether genuine or illusory,
that opens their hopes of the remaining peace and
happiness of the people in every section. Hear
Duo. a Whig member of New York, a man <>f
of ability and cleverness, in a letter just written to
his constituents,and from a published copy of which
the following extract is taken :
** It is limp there should In* jienee, The question in
Bottled; let it rest. TIih wound* an* not deop; I Know
there i*s sound American feeling, however soured or
perverted, at the bottom of every good man's heart,
jj^et n* return to our nationality; and laying and#- the
crienof the North and (lie Smith, rally one and all for
the. Union nnd our common country.
11 The Mtllement that ha* hceii made, beam the. mark"
of a genuine settlement. it is not n triumph ol the
North or h‘, triumph of the South ; a triumph of Wings
over Democrat*, or of Democrats over Whig*. It forc
ed itself through hy it* intrinsic strength, breaking down
party line* anu Heclioiml tie*. No|>urty can claim it*
merit.”
Hut I propose to approach a little nearer the
doubtless true questions which, (must it not he?)
is ho deeply agitating so many able and virtuous
minds South, on tho subject of accession and the
formation of a Sou thorn confederacy. (*n n slave
ry with propriety bo trusted longer in this Union?
Hut, preliminarily, are we not dishonwd by tho
very act of remaining in union with n people
from whom in so ninny forms we have heard, and
from whom in as many ways wc shall in the fu
ture, should wo remain united, continue to hear
so much that is both unpleasant and offensive p>
our feelings and our rights?
Speaking first, to the last point as being rnoi't
important, it is obvious that the highest interest
of society ns a whole must, of logical nocessitv,
represent tInit of tho individuals who compose ii;
and us there is no subject of equal concern to
man with the preservation ol a just claim to self
respect and the maintenance of his imraonal honor,
»*o nothing cun equal in gravity lo the JSi, nth the
very question propounded. Now, the boiler in the
same political union together us confederated
States i* obviously an affair mainly of hu*iiie*-H
and interest. Hy it we are brought, it is true, in
to a more Irequeiit and intimate association. Hut
tho Union dissolved, would the Northern and
Southern sections cease to transact liiihiness with
each other nnd have intercourse * Would nn im
passable wall spring up between the two sections ?
If liot, the nature of the intercourse would not he
changed, hut only the degree of its intimacy—\\ud
the point of honor remain, lint nature deals in
compensations. We, believing ourselves inno
cent in the uflairofslavery,accuse them ol “sin,*'
and in my opinion justly, in bringing false accu
sations upon iis—sin against the Scriptures in be
ing “busy hoilies”—sin against the < ’(institution,
which in guaranteeing to us our property In our
slaves guaranteed to us, impliedly, the right to use
it without inolcHluliuu from them—sin against
tho peace of the country which is disturbed hv
them—fin against the government in bringing the
love and duration of it into jeopardy. No far,
therefore, as the matter of attack is concerned,
we have it at all times in our power to defend oni-
selves ; and if thorn be any virluo in crimination,
the world has uot lost the power to retort —and
thus we perceive, (do wo not l) that it is rather an
affair of convenience and taste, than a grave con
cern to us of “ honor.”
The right or the wrong of the present slavery
of the Staton of tho Houth, like Sabbath mails,
the sale and consumption of spirituous liquors,
&e. is a speculative question, the discussion of
which, in the midst of free and tolerant institution*
like ours, will goon more or less in every section
and us wo have occasion to lament, olten on vri
improper occasions,and in very mischievous way
It it* not unfrequemiy n disgrace to those auwmud
in bringing it forward. To the Houth it is n
annoyance—to the whole a great evil.
llui will not tho institution, supposing it to i
main in the Union, he overthrown, destroyed i„
some way or other, hy the hostile action of tins
Government? Such has been often my own up-
prehension—is now more or less a tear with me.
Ilia certainly not impossible. What will he the
moat probable modi hi which, if at all, future m*.
grcssion will goon ? Will it he by attacking the
slave trade between the States? The Supreme
Court have decided that the jurisdiction of Con
gress over the commerce between the States, em
braces only inanimate articles of merchandise
and not persons. This view of tho question re
maining of force, nil act of Congress proposin'?
to interfere with the institution in this way, would
be simply null and void. Hut suppose such a law
to he paused, and a future bench lie found to re
verse the present ruling oil the jNiint. In what
way would tho Government manage to execute
the law within the several States ? It is m he
hoped that the States will never so far lose sight
of their simplest and most absolute forms of rmi-
Htilutional right, and the most obvious necessities
of defeuce against dangerous and alarming ap
proaches of oppression and tyranny in their very
midst, ns not to Hy to nrtns, if need be. and expel
from their borders every agent sent on such an
rrnnd of outrage. Hut would the act referred to,
ccoinplisli the object of abolition ? It would pri-
marily stand in the uviyof one source of danger
much dreaded by tho South, the emptying of the
slaves of tho border States holding them into the
more central and southern ones through the medi-
of sales of them. Hut might it not he, that
it would serve this, to hold the slave in the border
States until becoming unprolitublo and burden
some, he would ho simply surrendered to gratuit
ous emancipation. To this, the reply is suggest
ed, that it would seem very doubtful ai least w both
er the States iu view, should Hindi tyrannical and or C:UI diere he produced, »n present e
lawless acts be passed and submitted to, would . ! 'buu , e»,so general a concurrence ol judge
not hold their slaves in bondage among them iu **»
will at least do our duty—-write your
own bilk—it aboil be givea you.” It ia seen that
jury trial* in behalf of the fugitive in tho freo States
so much and ao justly dreaded by the South, and
yet to difficult tojbo parted from by a people accus
tomed ox ill the Stile* are to see it daily exercis-
in fir no leas important matter*, has been sur
rendered and the marshal or other officer making
Bfimt noble for an escape in a heavy compen-
"tiooto** master, without regard toctrcumshm-
Two cases of i successful and satisfactory
rmoit to it, the oue tu New York and the other in
Himabnrgfc, ire already reported by the papers.
It my prove little avail. It will be most remark-
able if cares do not occur from tune to time in
which bad men will become the instrument* of it*
frustration. As a proof 6f tho sense of the nation
of its duty in the premise* re expressed by their
representatives, will it not be in good laith, tried ?
Thus 1 have glanced rapidly at tho different uums-
urea and propose to renew the proposition that
there bill* compare well with past sectional in
terchange! on this subject so far ns it is possible
to institute i comparison on such a foundation.
In 1787, the South, by a unanimous vote of their
own, in the Congress of the Confederation, placed
th® shivery restriction clause now called the NVil-
mot Proviso over every acre of the public and com
mon territory. In 1820, she purchased the pnvi-
leg! of ^ receiving Missouri with slavery, merely
continuing, as she did, the institution as it existed
in the country both when acquired and when she
wia organised into a territory, by surrendering
three puts or more out of all the public territory
then on hind, to the free States. In 1645, when
Testa wslm annexed, we consented to the restric
tion of it in States that might tender themselves
with mflltutiooa of their choice north of 3t> 30,
by Home decisive action ? Should such a proportion
as one to four be left to the gradual and legitimate
Working* of the lapse of time and the laws of
population, we should reason that the period when
it would be reached, would be a remote one.
Suppose, however, the proportion necessary to a
change of the constitution collected in Congress
and the measure of abolition brffiichcd, would the
proposition be, looking to probability, to abolish
the institution at once, or prospectively ? Again,
in all similar cases elsewhere—in the arbitrary
and heavily indebted States ofKurope—tho custom
Inis been for the government performing the act
to pay for the property a greater or less price. We
have now according to prevailing estimates about
three millions and a half of slaves in number of
the probable value of fifteen hundred millions of
dollars. Supposing ourselves to be within the
short period of twenty-live or thirty years of so
vast a change in our federal affairs, our number
of slaves at past ratios of increase would lie seven
millions, and at present rates of price their total
value three hundred thousand millions of dollar*.
Fifty or sixty yearn hence it would be doubled.
Should it be decided then to pay us one-third their
value at the expiration of twenty-live* years, it
would require one thousand millions of dollars.
Our present federal debt is estimated in round
numbers at seventy-live millions, ami is spoken of
with concern on account of its rnagnitud •, by our
most experienced financiers. Not being able lo
approach iih then with so much as a show of com
pensation, would they not leap over all obstruc
tions, and emancipate unconditionally ? Sup
posing, as we must, the swotio to be replying w it 11
ali its strength of defence, tuhut it gio ,, outran »
by what process would the Government execute
its decree of abolition / Would it. march its ar
mies over into the slave States and declare war
to force them into the execution of the law by
themselves upon themselves ? Or would it send
the civil officer to the field or house yard to inti r-
pose between the master arid the slaw, or would
it issue a paper proclamation to the slave announ
cing to him that lie was free and trusting to him
to relieve himself from lii.s master's rule ? Will
the free Stales be willing to travel through this
procedure and confront such result*, and at lie*
same time while inflicting them on others hiicIi
exlraordiu iy oppressions arid outrages, th? m-elves
endure all tho losses, ruvul-.ioiih, and revolutions,
in trade, commerce, etc. which would come of .sudi
an anomalous state ol affairs as would he tints
brought about iu tho pursuits and proceed* of tlu>
slave labor and oilier conditions ol the Soulli ! It
is certainly wi*e to hear in mind that suchi things
lie within the compusr ol human possibii fy, and
equally important lo keep in view the patient, the
persevering energy of lanaliclsri).
Will not slavery in the District and the public
forts, arsenals and dockyards lie very hooii brought
about ? A proposition in the Senate to abolish it
in ibis District, including payment lor them, du
ring th?* present ssion, received four votes. Ab
olitionism is usually regarded as progressive. If
tin vote be received a* a measure of its progress
during the ixty years the District has been in tin-
band* o| tier Government,it would Hecm to have
advanced slowly. In the Mouse, howev r, it r •-
reives a more considerable vote. < Jn a motion to
suspend the rub s to intredun midi a proposition
for consideration llu.ie, 1«1« motion lec-sved, not
counting fraction*, filly vote*. It is*‘omeiim s
Convenient lo con-ult very mall numbers of votor
—and the temptation is most likely to be yielded
toon occasion when no actual h-gi la'ion 1’-. look
ed to. Honorable members who voted for the
proposition tosii-pend the rules with the view to
offer Hitch a. bill, did me the honor t'* state to ne
that they were opposed to the 11
Many illusory votes are cast 01
I profess lo give no opinion
strength of the dreaded measure i
The prevailing desire 011 the p:
now, Would seem to hi* »o evade,
further allusion lo topics which have so Ire d ill
temper and exhausted the patience ol lb" patriotic,
ami considerate members of society in all the
States diiringour late war and territorial contests.
Hut there are other modes by winch it may b*»
May not a soi l ol i sprit dr corps of
feeling, founded alone outlie distinction between
one class of Stales in the mutter ol slavery, spring
up and link together a sectional majority that wifi
goto mark disparagingly the tmiionty,lonow in
sult with an air ol patronage, and then wrong by
an unjust discrimination 7 This is n delicate af
fair to introduce into discussion. Ii was believed,
that a disposition to (aver the labor of the while,
In contradistinction to the Mack nun, had some
what todo with the tini(Tacts ol l<S2 I nnd LTJ4,
Imt is possible to overlook, in this precise connex
ion the two significant fuels—first, that the tariff
policy is now in the hands ol free trade politician ;
and, moreover, that if it weie not so, the s la\e
holders are not better agreed among themselves
on this point than are the different section* 4 ),■ .
strong test o! the ground ol immeiliaie i*n>itiirv.
would seem to he the accessibility ol plat
eminent honor and high power iu toiler.'
slavo holders. I h?* proportions ol tune
slaveholders and non-slave hol.lei . haw
over tho Republic, is known to all. Ii<.;
of the present Congress have placed tin
y.ation in tin* hands ol Southern slaveh.'l
lions we now owe, and which it ia no reproach to
us to say that we had a proportionate share in
contracting, by referring them to our dissensions ?
Hut will not other «lave States, thrown out into
chaos, come to us and increase our numbers and
strength ? They rnay tender themselves in such
an emergency, doubtless, but as they are so reluc
tant to go with us now, will they tnnre readily
unite with us after the disrespect we shall have
shown their judgments and feelings in breaking
up the union already existing between us and
them, and converting their government and our
own, into a heap of ruins? And yet more espe
cially, will they certainly be in the temper to con
sent to our terms of re-union ?
We are now in constant solicitude to have room
for slave labor to expand upon. Where will lie
tin* unsettled territory of the new republic? Where
will it display its enterprises of acquisition ? Hut
do wc now dread future torritirial stricture ? Ta
king the population, to the acre, of many of the
free States of this Union as the criterion, and eve
ry human being in the slave bolding States can go
into the Stuff* of Texas, dismembered as she is.
J. Wtllbarn.
Gentlemen, seriously, may we not safely rest for
the present fin our land acquisitions ? Will not
a territorial vista stretching through the lapse of | 3l) d Blood lo . every vole that
seventy years,suffice for a present grace ? Aril , ' . 3
yr t already tho telescope of political agronomy > 0,1 U ; ™ ^ 1 ' 8ecm8 thl8 He
lias been sweeping the sunny skies of Cuba, and wouW *' ol ?afl«.*r he had done what he could lo obtain
an expanding philanthropy busying iteelf, not a | a settleme'it on that line, dissolve the Uuiou on ac-
liltie, lojknow hy what honorable device it was j couut of the failure ! This was his siu, aud for this he
to he, that she is to bo relieved from her oppres- has been coudeinned—as far as tho opinion of the dis-
K,r, ’ l .' < ' . J unionists cau condemn him.
10:1 w.ll thus perceive that I am not without „• r
1 ;• .• u\ •' , | M. v 1 • I,, I >*#• cannot ol course prctcud to givo au outline of a
liy'wimc to (he naluro and "ajiproaclics^of the foil | ' v "' cn •# «• •c«l«> «•« wool® »«wjr
spirit, of abolitionism, others rnay over estimate the | o( l,,e Uotmrm ou the great questions winch eu-
vaIue of proposed remedies. We will abide a ! fjagvd its deliberations. It is enough for us to say, that
government (will we not ?) which Into shown it- j Mr. Wellborn triumphantly defended every vote he
s'dl capable ol putting forth such vu.*t powers to 1 gave on these exciting questions, and although there
protect, and his as yet so little opprevwd, which ; were some of tho measures which did no*, receive Ins
is embracing within its viral and niild gr.rap so
much ol pf- MTit pM-.pt r.ty ai.d happine*-, and is
looked t° with hopi f,i! pride thro
until at least a blow be dealt.
This gentleman addratted his fellow-oitneos ou Sat-. fisted it with more determined spirit. True, I have
urdsy night, iu defeuce of his coarse during fee Tile
sensiou of Congress, which has just closed. Aa he had
beeu very well abused by a portion of those who elect
ed him, every body was anxious to hear what he had
done that had called down upon hia head these un
measured asuaults. The meeting was consequently
large, and with some few exceptions his fellow-citizeus
were well satisfied that he had acted iu Congress
as u true Southern mau and friend of the Union should
have done. He did uot, it is true, take such ultra
grouud as many hereabouts required him to do, but his
course and his votes, as so ably vindicated iu his ad
dress, shows that he has defeuded the rights and honor
o! the South, whilst by a firm, consistent uud concilia
tory legislative demeanor, he aided essentially iu quell
ing the rabid spirit of ullraisin so rife iu the councils
of the country.
It may be asked, then, of what offence iu the eyes
of auy of his constituents has Judge Wellborn beeu
guilty ? lie proposed in the first of the session, when
nobody hereabouts cared a straw for it, the line of 38-
insibljr than I have ; and few if any, have re
differed with many of my Southern brethren os to the
measures which a strict regard for Southern rights re
quired me to oppose. I acted, as I am confident they
did, in accordance will) what we believed dnty to our
section demauded; which was iu error, time must de
termine.
The approval of my course by the intelligent and pa
triotic citizens of Tuscaloosa, serves to confirm me iu
the correctness of the views I had taken, aud strength
ens my conviction that I may rely with confidence ou
the sober judgment of the people of Alab tina to justify
aud susiaiu me. Little did I supjiose that I, a Southerner
by b.rth and education ; bound to tite South by the
strong tie of interest; and the still stroug-'r of gratitude
to a generous aud confiding constituency; who for near
ly thirty years have sustained aud supported ine—that
1 of all men could be charged by any one as having
surprise of all who have observed iny public course,
influenced by passion or prejudice. Some twenty
years past I waa subjected to similar denunciation. I
disregarded it then,—1 ahull do so now, satisfied that
the result will no-.v be, as it then was. The advocates
for secession, as I should judge from the resolutions
adopted at several public meetings iu this State, are
actuated more from an apprehension of what may take
pluce, than from what has already occurred. There
is I fear, but too much reason to apprehend that the
Jip-it u*' 1 in •ticisnt, combined with the thirst of power,
may still prompt tho North to persevere in her agress-
ive cours**, Should such unfortunately bo the case,
and mgardiess of the guarantees of the constitution,
mission. They may each be divided into two or
more Territories, should Congress so determine ; (•
or any portion of either or both or them may bo at- /■
tacheil to any other State or Territory of the Uni-1
ted States, according to the judgment of the same
authority.
State of California.
Bounded on the North by*(lat. 42) Oregon Ter
ritory, on the West by the Pacific Ocean, on tho
South by Mexico, nnd on the East as follows
viz:—beginning at the intersection of laL 4*2 with j
long. 129, thence running southern!)* along oaid 1
meridian of longitude lo latitude 39; thence south 1
easterly in a straight line to the river Culorado at I
the point where it intersects lat. 85 ;Jiience down
the middle of the channel of said river to the Me*
ican boundary.
Thus it will be seen that the State of Califl
occupies all the Pacific coast from Oregon to '
Mexico, some 800 miles, with an average breadth
of probably 250 miles. Tho Territory ot Utah
lies between the State of California and the Terrjr
j - ■ 1 , .1 , , , uvinvniiiicauivuiuumuima auu me i.cur
proved fallh e» to the lend of my b.rth, must exette the tor> . of New Mexico, hut extends southward to la}
7. South of that parallel, the Territory of Set
Mexico extend* to the State of Caltfftnda. Ut«|
is therefore bounded south and cast by Mexico. |
From the Charleston Courier. 1
LATEB FROM ETJROPE. ' f
Arriial of the Steam Slip Asia. j 1
The steam ship Asia, which sailed from Live) i
' “ *
M. J. WELLBORN.
mroH reli rr*'
nilar lempiat
to tin* pm
if pi IS:
COLUMBIA ENQUIKER.
I.IHKRTY : Tint CONSTITUTION : UNION
GOUJMHUS-GCOt <;i \ ;
TUESDAY MORNING, OCTOKKK 549, 1850.
(Juion Ticket for Muscogee.
NICHOLAS I,, non A ’<I),
ALEXANDER MrllOl GALD,
S. F. WOOLDRIDGE,
ALEXANDER C. MORTON.
Messrs. Toombs and Stephens,
Will bo m Columbus next Saturday !
I At tin* requebt of a number of tboir friend*, Iho
I Hun. K'iiiui.t Toomub and the lion. Amexammir II.
j .Stkimikni* will nddrcHN Iho citizen* of Muscogee uud
j tli" biirrouiidiug country on Saturday next, tin* 'Id day
of November. It in min»*cc*nmry for us to ask on the
I part of tli*- *? nbloaud disiiiigimhcd UopresentativcB a
| general bearing. In III? ir alisonce, and whilnl attend-
J ing fuilhfuily to their dulicH in (’ongrcfiH, they have
| been wantonly nntailed with every weapon that diitap-
j? outedmal.ee and u lust f'T |iulu*;al p .w.r ould in j w imei
vent, rnnl it is hut right that they have ono opportunity promii
to vimlieut?* their pout, and aid us in shaping our future t’uion
course
We ha
purj
“ Stand up to tho Rack,’
■ lived quite too long to l»*
led fr.
h\
ulroi
ellb
1 the r 1,1 .
fore III?* people. That iSHIIO WilH deliberately and ill- •
soleiitly mud rat the commencement ol the pteiomt ex-
citofiieiit, and men were then furious fora light and j
raging for disunion, who are now gentle anfimbs, nnd i
who could not, if you let ih* rn ie|| the tale, be kiektd j
out of the GonlVderuey This kind of ., change is apt j
to come over men who find that the people will follow 1
11»«
110 kind of leaders that arc bent 011 the destruction of
the Government. In tins region, and we believe tho
s who may bo said of other portions of tin* Statu, them
has lieeii u gradual getting down stairs, until a man
with a candle can scarcely find the wIicrcaUnitN of ma
ny who a short time since stood on the topmost »»top,
and lustily cried to the multitude, “ Hail to tho disso
lution of tho Union, aud nil glory to the Southern
(’onfuclerncy.”
\\\ 11, the boys have eutuc down stairs, as before re
marked, uud what credit is due llioui lor so doing > I lad
they been sustained by the people, would they not
: have rushed madly ou to thu consummation ol the r
| oiigm.d purpose, nud would they have stopped short
1 of tliul di*». 1 turns pi lot to which all th« .1 sohemos
| were so f niuiU uud 0 rapidly tending? And will
■ they not now, if they ran j
support, yet he finds iu none of them cause for any rev
olutionary action on tho part of the .Sta'e which he
had tho honor in part to represent. Ho is ono of the
Representatives that was required l»v tho mass' ’) meet
ing Macon to como home nnd address the people
ou tho wrongs inflicted ou the .South hy the last Con
gress. Well, he has appeared and given Ins testimo
ny. Does it suit the views of the madmen who so
thundering!)- bowled out for disunion at Macon ? We
reckon not ! These view's will be found 111 bis pub
lished uddrcM to Ins conelilueutsof lion District, which
we have given iu another place, aud to which wo iu-
vile the attention of our readers.
Mr. Owns, from tin* 3d district, was hero n week
or so ago, and gave bis opinion ol til** aC'.i"ii of Con-
grew, agreeing entirely with Mr Wellborn. Th**y
were both on the spot, saw and heard all liut \. a*
don*» and said, and yet there are men in our nudst,
who, hke ourselves, w*eT»* never mu eh farther fr..jn
home than the pdiey-woods cross nmis, pretend to
know more about these things than their representa
tives who took part 111 them all ! W-* said soinetima
ago that we wanted the members of Congress to como
home, in obed.'-uce to the Macon resolution, uud can
vans the .State, iu view of the approaching election.
Ii is their views, opinions aud experience, that the
people want. We have quite a surfeit of wrat -and- |
cabbage bt*lr!i»d forth from little torpedo-orators and
p.-dlern of other men’s notions. It our mcmtK'rs have
w it*ieHs«*d, 111 the past s' smou, a disposition to cont
ain! settle thod fli^ulties that have shaken tho
Union to its cwutre, let them tell their constituents so.
If they have seen tho abolition sis of tho North and
the disumouists of tho South frottru.zing and voting
together, 111 order, if |iossihle, to preveut every amica
ble settlement uud thereby bring about it fuiul separa
tion, let them Inldly proclaim it, as they ere now doing
in every part of the State, that the people rnay know
their eueuuvs uud look w ell to the true sourco of iht-ir
danger.
Senator KING, of Alabama.
Wc give below u letter from tins long-tried public
servant of u sistor Stole, to bis friends 111 Tusculonsa,
pool on the 12th inst., arrived at Ncw-York
half-part 10 o’clock this morning.
The markets at Liverpool had undergone I
lilt It* chanm* since . r hit lulvicr.s. the ivww fnf
this country not having hud the least influence/
Cotton, and a fair demand continued K* prf
0 B throughout the week both from the trade and $
rijfiiu uf iirojrfriy sliouldbe invaded, and the word | “jj ,ore , holder, showing hut little Jispo-ili.:
of em.'.ucipntiou commenced: every Southern mau, Rtid I j™ ct fates unless at the extreme rate, of the
' . ; , firms week. The market closed firmly,
noun sooner than the ctaen. of 1 uscuIoom, would sil|cs for , )l0 week of 43 ( i50 Mea , speculator
hurl detune, at the fanatical crew, and unitedly de- j, 1(f ]i,160, and exporters ‘2,550 bales. Price
termine to defend their rights at every haz ird uud ev- j Fair arc* the same as those enrrent the prevj
cry sacrifice ; even to the dissolution of the Union, i week.
Gou grant that tho intelligence and the patriotism | Lorn,dull. Fiour and Wheat wore uncltaq
of the North nay .uoceed iu urresUmr the mad cart er! P* Ofowotv the Cotton market was quie
,. fl . Af . , , . . . f . steady. 1 lie Havre market was languid tin*
of there fount,c. and uupr.uopled aap.rauh, fur power , J. Colton vv , s at , 16 franc*. ' <
ami that harmony may bo restored to our distracted j ’ Tlie Asm made Imr runout ill ten days and at*
country. Believing as I do, that in the excited state j ()n hours, and the Pacific ill tell days and UV('l\
of tin; public mind, wo should do nothing which could I hours.
by possibility add to that excitement, or have the up- I Fhe Schleswig IIoLteiuers attempted to take
|,. arauoeol arriving oue portion of our peopl. against I Prcderirksiadt on tin* Sill inst, but were repulsed
another; I beg leave meet reepcclfully to decline the '>>''j>e Oalicaafterbnmlwrding part ot the town,
invitation to a public dinner which through you I producing much destruction and a considerable
f'dJ.iW ciliz' i,!i of 1 have kindly tendered
"’I 1 ' ! lossnflif
A crept, Geiitlei
, the us!»iir>iu<e oi'.ny high respect
hfull), I ;
WILLIAM R. KING.
w Frost—Froat!
Au old wliito headed gentleman, who pays a visit or
to linn section of tin* country every winter, has made
h s appcuraucc now two successive mornings with kill
ing effect. II.* cold breath ha* withered the entire
vrgethtiou, aud left the tender things of earth to rot
iu the softening simsluue. We love to see our venera
ble friend, Mr. Frost, m ordunry seasons, hilt iiow
w bt-n the maturity ?»i m»i much cf the growing
colton depeuded on his late visit*, we are sorry ho ji
Th
kit'd i
ni
iiiiilt r jitiin«
ilm
tll'llll'll. Is till'
tin score, iih
with the toniuik. lb.it .should *m incMii- ; ®,-;tt<» ;m J
uniorimciti* ::n itil.itd;«ti( ?i vju/.c n ib,* s
or the spirit of the notion a ■> tb
the affair ol seeuiaon ougbt in
about. Feiding ought to ducuf
I have thus felt my way thr
cav crus into which we are ue»
our iinagiu ilions as n.iitaii.ing the somces ul dan
ger (hut in the fears ol many, im hiding my own,
may sooner or later possibly render it mvosviry
to destroy the government with a view to amid
them, oral all events, to save oiir-elves lYom igno
miny ot a blind orrowavdly submis<inn to outr.ige
and discretion. Hut is our ruin in the Union, in
evitable ? Are our dangers distmet or Npeeululive,
proximate or remote l Fanaticism is proverhi
hard to he reasoned with
non-slaveliokling States h
the proceeds ol slave la he
to overcome it, uin.d ho m
j uuiou, sccchsnni, Ac. as greedily as before? Th
wanted at first nulhiug but the power—uud that th
thought they ii ul —to go forward aud pluugi tli" con
, ;.y i.i ii*" Mill* M and umnngiaabli* ' r*or >•*’ mi,
1 ini?* war and civil strife, t’oiivinced, after
dosperuto struggl , that such a course would not Ik*
i sanctioned by tho popular voice, they have now
i changed their mode ot icaijnie, anil go for some
kind of n sirtaner, liurctoloru uudetiui'd aud probably
{ mid'dlii ible !
j The t'oiiveuliou which lias been called is to do the
returning. Are we to be t< Id that it matlera n t what
which in the estimation of every prudent nnd seusihlo
man i* worth all thn frothy speeches of the swarm of
itinerant demagogues who for some mouths have in-
fesi"d the*'astern part of Alubuinu aud the western
part of Georgia Mr. Kim. is to day the second (.tli-
cer of the Government, and might to-morrow, if I‘ro-
videuce should so order, be. the Chief Magistrate of
this mighty republic. A southern man by birth, edu
cation and interest, ho stood ul his pool during the past
session of Congress, the ublo ami fearless advocate of
overy measure which leuded, in its practical operation,
to secure tho rights of the South, and perpetuate the
government of bis country. Opposed us be waa to
iliort i Home of the uioauun n which so signally marked thn
•iiit*!i i action of that Congress, he nevertheless bdiuvca that
will ' the honor of the South baa beeu preserved, aud the
k to ; Constitution of the country saved inviolate
(in- ; With these feelings Senator King, us every oilier
[’hey fri*»ud of the South should be, is opposed to unneces
sary agitation, and refuses to attend every public dinner
lie conn- i of Iks if."inis, oil the ground alone thuf be is unwilling
• •*' mu** 1 to do any tinny that will minister tilth** mofrv ! n"s
hriol hut | alroady too fearfully aroused. Such sentiments ure
liki upi lt s of gold set in pictures of silver ; they show
that there are yet alive in the d-ffereut States meu
of age aud experience, meu who have proved the valuo
of llui gwverumeut and aro determiued that its bless
ings shall not Ih- sacrificed to gratif) the poor, chi-
le. iptiblu ambition of a few sm ill-potutoe politicians,
who liud the Union too larg " for their pretousuais,uud
•■J along so soon
short at b**sf, un>
of Sunday un i }
growth. In thu
The
there can be n
uuday w ill put i
'to I
b?'!hhid*'n. ’i’lif* uttuck w hs to have
been runr wed the n xt day, when a dc-speratecon-
fln.'f was expected. The HoHieiners were out of
funds and nud uppcitled to United Germany for
assistance.
Affairs in Germany were in an excited and
alarming conditio*,. Austria and Prussia seem
on «. uu (item rupture. The poav.-MM) of
H ■ aa.-el and oilier Germanic Status rendered
the rel ilion* of Germany very precarious.
England, France, Russia, Ireland und the other
European power* remain iu a stute of quietness.
Coffee was firm. Molasses had slightly improv
ed. American Rice 19 u 22s. Sugars remain as
last noticed.
A tremendous storm had visited the coast of Eng-
>? crop of • which caused much dxmuge to the shipping.
Smith O’Hrien complain' of bad treatment.
tated that a decision favorable ti
# hkelv to be
rcgiou it is killed entirely.
Denmark regarding the Holstein question, hi
doubt hut the frost j b>*en agreed upon by England, Franco aud Austria,
ijuietus to it* further j T.’io Duchies will be requir ?d to sus|>end bostiliti
The Ceniua.
As tb?i ussisiaiit U. S. Murshul ia now among us,
tukmg the census, our citizens w ould do well to look
to the questions below, lo Ik* propounded, aud be pre-
pareJ to answer them at once, aud correctly. Tho
bends of families will facilitate the mutter, and aid the
census-taker a good deal, hy putting their answer on
paper aud leaving it at home, so that iu cuso of ab
sence, &lc., there will l»e ns little delay as possible
when a call is made ut their houses. The questions
are as follows:
The name of every person who was a resident of the
family l»t June H50, age, sex and color.
I'rofcNsjun*., occupation or trade of each mule over
the age »>J tin* »-n.
Vulm* of real estate owned, place of birth.
Marri**d w it Inn the year.
\m*tided lio. 1 within the year,
i’eiHort* over twenty year* of age who cannot read or
w rit".
Whether deaf and dumb, blind, insane, id tolic, pan-
Sh
id um '
-During tin
color, tleaf and dumb,
blind or idiotic.
fear ending I.-t June last—age,
married or widowed—place of
birth, namiiii' >iat«'. Territory or country—tIte month
! in w liieli tb" jn-r-on died—prn|"H.-.ion, occupation or trade
: — 'isca-.' tir cause ot death, numb-r of days ill,
1 Hv tie* term family is meant, either one person living
( separately in tv boose, or a part of a house, and pmvv-
i ding for turn or herself,or several person* living togeih-r
' mn house, upon (»:te common mans of support, nnd M*p-
I nrun ly ir un otb-r* in similar cirrnm-ian. es \ widow
' living alone and separately proviUuiL' lor herself, ur two
; hundred tridiv iilu-.l- !iv ,ng :■ v-th-r and prm idc.t forbva
i common head, should each b»* nuinhered as one lamilyr.
I*y | l.tcunJ nb.Tile »•* meant tli" Imn-e or usual bulging
; l i' • >‘f ;v p-tMca \ti\ nn** who o I'-m;- *r\nlv absent
•'••••■ ' or n.r •••h.*r r.'1-i-re.res. \» "hoiit tulilT!*' lip hi*
1 place of re-ulence'l..*where, and wtti the intention oi
ivinriiimx avain, i* to he coitMtlen-u a member of the fami
ly which the assistant marshal i* enumerating.
1 tli.it body may ordain ? Kliull we be told that thou- j have consequently elide,
s.iiuls ol tho public money is to he spent iu concocting to reduce it to their own
?d I.
infer
the other hand tin*
i’ an immnisi* stake in
and immense nh-t,i. .*
l. ill urilLT In rlV. cl IIH
1 plans tor tb** present or future d
■ glorious Union 1 That it i* toa*
| i.mt threats of future resistance
! that in all human probability mu
j will thut body meet uud prepan*
other i'ouvoutiou at Nashville, o
tion, ordain test oath.* for South
mouths past
proportions
memberment of this i h is cheering, und no patriot can deny it, to see
■ruble to make val- ’ such men in an hour like llm pre.-ent, stand boldly
against aggressions | forth, determined to resist the madness which a abort
never lie made ’ t >r ! tune since threatened to destroy the peace of tho tn*o-
»r the calling of an- pie, uud crush m its reckless (tower tho fabric of Ame-
Iraiiieour Couslitu* , r»euu Ireedom. We ure saying, however, more than
’ti meu, and make 1 we intended, fur we feel that it would be uu act of m-
Talbotton Male Academy.
Wc are requested to call the attention of parents
and guardian* to uu advertisement, iu another place,
relative to the commencement, rates of tuitiou, Aa;., of
tins iustitutiou. W?* comply with this request cheer
fully, lor many reasous uot necessary here to mention.
Intelligence is the life of liberty, and a well educated
people can never become u race of slaves. Seo tho )
•pain intend-) to modify her tariff. Gen. Ronca-
ba waa to depart from Cadiz on the 6th inst. for Cu
ba-
An opening for an Assembly of States was to
take place at tho Hague on the 17th inst.
Miscellaneous.—Jesse E. Dow, the l*oet and
Politician, died Middenly til Washington l.i>t night.
Pennsylvania Give* 73,000 votes in favor of
Constitutional ref orni in that State.
Baltimore, Oct. 24.
Papers, Circulars and letters per Asia, have
been received litre. The broker’.** official circu
lar quote.-, Fair Orleans Cotton at 8.]d ; Upland
and Mobile. 8d. The Stock in Liverpool, is put
jidown ot 482,000 bales. Coffee bad auvanced 2 a
3s. during the week. 40,000 bage native Ceylon
brought 53s. fid. a 5<is. fid.
The remains of Gen. Taylor, under tho charge
of Col. Taylor and Major Illiss, passed through
this city to-day, en route to Kentucky, for their
final interment.
Baltimore, Oct. 26.
New York Market.—Cotton has undergone
a slight decline, 1200 bales sold ut one eighth be
low the quot ations of yesterday. Flour had also
declined—Ohio selling it 4,94. Rice is firm—300
tr-\ new, brought 3$. Provisions steady. Lard
T^j. Coflee has been somewhat active, 2o00 bags
Rio w as disposed of at auction at 10i}. Exchange
on England 10|.
New Orleans, Oct. 23, 4P M.
The Asia's news wasreceiv. ti heretp-day.
The (’otton market i.* brisk uml the demand quite
steady —6.650 bales >o!d to-day, ut one eighth ad
vance. Middling 1 >*! to LD. Tho purchases
vvi re mostly for England. Fair Sugar fig. New
Mr lasses has declined—300 bbls, r.olJat 27 to 28
cents.
advertisement.
destruction.
But, supposing s,, ’.-oil by f ieorgia to lie uhan-
done*I, would it not l»a wine aud prudent to make
an effort to unite majorities in the three, lour, or
live States, lying in the angle of ihe Atlantic, anil
Gulf, and on which as on a foot to the vast column
of the (\ iilcdcracy the superincumbent pressure is
greatest, and form a league of these State.*, or a
single one centraIi.ted, with a view lo get away
from the presence and juris-diction ul the present
federal government ! Were such my opinions, I
would not, according to present impi< *sious, ad
vise just now an attempt at its aoeomplishuient.
re it certainly w ise.jttM ami prudent, does there
the reader uud the li tter
vd to.
all due preparation for a filial triumph ot the original , justice to nil parties to thrust our crude remarks be-
‘ purposes ol the disuuiuuists ’ W<* know indeed for
j vvh.il purpose the law permitted avail ol the C’ouveu-
j non, but what it may do, should it unfortunately be
! composed of vvroug materials, llo w ho know* tho lu-
j ture us well as the picseut alone can tell
! Are the people then satisfied that, for existing evils,
Gentlemen
j citizens of Tu
Tuscaloosa, Get. 23, leoO.
The resolution adopted by my fellow
caloosd, approbatory of my course ou
tlie momentous und t
Mr. Gr&nberry's Address.
Iu another column w ill bo luuud the address of tho
K v. Mr. Ghanuerrv, of liarris couuty, to which wo
alluded m our last Although it isdireciedpitriicu-
lat ly to tho voters of his couuty, its views are well
worthy the cousiderutiou of every citizeu of the State.
Ii is ou the pairioiiam and piudeuce ol such meu thut
i the whole country uow relies lor safety. If madueas
; is to rule the hour, and the Uuiou is to bo destroyed
without cause, it is clear lhat Mr. Glaaberry will have
' lot in it. A Soutneru mau ho is, with
Disunion.—Tho following eloquent passage ia
an extract from the oration of Judge Levi Wood
bury, delivered at Forumoutb, N. lL,on the 4th.
There lurks a serpent in the paths of our politi
cal paradise. It is disunion. It is not tlmt tho
bands are likely to he suddenly cut or torn asunder
bv violence \ but what will they be worth if neglect-
d, decayed; and allowed to perish by omission
f duties of tlie compromising temper by* which the
’nion was founded and can alone be preserved?
itiuii quotums winch cuguged j neitnor part
I tins government ought not to bo destroyed \ Are they ! the utteuiiou of Congress at its last session, lias afford- eV, ‘ l
' not convinced that the rights of tin* South are safer | ed me tho liveliest gratification. During my long | can sec iio sufficient cause at present, for rash or rev
i in the Union, thuu out of ii *
preference to netting them free, ut n dead loss, at
least an long a period of time ah it would occupy
to drain them off hy means ot sales. If so. would
tho number of slave States bo certainly more rap
idly diminished than by permitting the trade to
proceed ? It might possibly reduce to Nome extent
the ratio with which slaves increase, and to that
extent, be a motive to abolitionism. At all events
it would seem to diminish the alarm prevalent in
the minds of some on this point, to liiul the danger
from it so much hedged in and subject to the cheeks
ami modifications stated.
Will not an effort bo made to abolish the institu
tion in the States themselves hy au amendment ol
tho constitution conferring power on Congress for
that purpose l There are now fifteen slave States
in the Union including Delaware. She has no
law ot prospective emancipation, even, but the
number owned by her is so small that she cannot
be expected to exert the same influence us many
others to preserve the institution. Excluding her,
there und fourteen. Texas by division, may hi
the future furnish us with three additional ones,
and we ure now aiding to put her iu a condition to
look to it. It requires u numerical majority ot
three-fourths of the States to change theconstitu-
tton. I/Hiking into the Territories on the map.
extensive u» they ure, the lir*t enquiry arises
where will the requisite majority he found ? It is
true that availing themselves of majorities, which
they will certainly hence forth have, in both
branches, the non-*Uveholding States may by
concert and artifice, present to the nation the ex-
traordinary spectacle of uniting to multiply Slates
arbitrarily for the exprers* purpose of bringing
about this change in the constitution—but would ft
not be an extreme length lor taiiaiicsm u* go >
And what woulJ be the nature of the observations
of the slaveholding Stale* iu the meantime, and
what would not be their stupidity it they did uot
in solid column* and undivided aeuiimem interpose
ment in
ng the Slates iu view, as would bo
necessary to give it an air of plausibility .’ It un
dertaken, must it not prove impracticable? Aud
every failure, let it he borne m mind, that tdiall
:ranspiie ou l'als»? or ui.mjMimm 1 !■• i s.ies. imU»*
deeply injure us. The cast vd States, frustrated
in a movement of so portentous a nature, wiil Mil
ler, and the courage necessary to efleetual resist
ance, should that become absolutely and certainly
necessary, be weakened.
But *uppo*e the four of five specified Stales \i
olentlv withdraw against the convictions and
will ol an merwhelmiug majority of the States
and people of all the great sections, what will Ik
the probable gain to them by it? In the lir*i place,
let us contemplate w hat will be the probable na
ture ol the rule that w ill prevail ut home. Alter
such exasperations of society as the movement
ii*e!f must occasion, what will be the probable
fortunes of the crushed, dreaded, and hated minor
ities within who could not concur and will not
have concurred in the movement ? The weak
ness and consequent jealous'C* and distrusts ot
the new government would render its rulers,
(would it notsupposing them to he the best men
in it, of necessity harsh. What would be the new
government’s resources ot war, iu* army, its navy?
Courage, or desperation, it might display. Reve
nues we should hope for at our ports, but i* it clear
and sure that this would he conceded to us ?
Might not the collections, confident to the contrary,
us we may feel, be attended with nu rc or U >* ex
pense in some form or othtr l I s there not a per
ilous uncertainty resting over this point .’ is it
not being sang nine to assume that we shall be left
to withdraw, refuse dues to the Government, and
engross the custom receipts at our }H*rts, without
disturbance or mob statiou ? And yet perhaps w o
would feel that ue were scarcely honorably Hens-
ed trout tlie debts, Federal and State, we owe?
What is to become ot them . Wiil we settle w nb
the creditors in the matter of thu seventy-live mil-
they see, if we ; public service my anxious desire has ever been to ad-
■ are weak uow, how we will suddenly grow atroug, uud , vunce tho interests, uud protect the rights ol those who
assume the power el* g.auls hy a dissolution ? These J hud generously confided them to my euro : the only
. aro plain questions, uiul it behooves every voter to i»*wnrd 1 desired, was their approbation. My friends
' ponder them well before tlie coming election. We 1,1 Tuscaloosa have uot overrated the difficulties uud
• know that uouo of tho candidates will dare avow that j embarrassments which 1 auJ others bid to encounter:
| a dissolution is desirable ; uo, uot they. Aud iu the for we kucw full well, that be ear action what it
V’ouveuuou, will uot probably vote directly for the ne- might, wt* could scarcely hope to escape consult* ; ci-
J complishiiitMii of such an end. They dare not tie it ther h cause we had yielded too much, ur hud render-
j und meet the indignant frowns ol their constituents; j ed ail udjusinnml of most) leaitul questions unpraotica-
but they will como up with their ultimatums, their ble, by standing on the extreme verge of right.
| .vine yua iwmt, uud all such latm nonsense, pledging Most sensibly did I feel the r* j .*pon>,!>l'» poMtiou iu
J the State to wliat uever can l*o performed, titivl draw- j w hich I was placed ; uud I endeavored to survey the
mg her with uil her bravo and geuerous sons iuto jki- ■ w hole grouud ; weigh well all the consequences, aud
Htliotts from which they cau uever escape with honor, ! so to shape my course as to preserve unimpaired
y southern feeling and southern interest, yet he
t, for rash or rev-
cauuoi save the 1
1 htand not hereon this occasion as the censor of
any political party or section, but as a friend to
the constitution and the Union against all and
every aggression in spirit or deed, ii the bond* of
a common language, a common religion, a com
mon country, a common government, and all the
great common glories of the last century, cannot
make us conciliatory and kind—cannot make all
Fides forgive and forget something—cannot per-
eu.ido to some sacrifice even, if necessary to ho!
ns together, force is as unprofitable to accnmpl
it as fratricide is to perpetuate peace in a cornu
family.
: ululiouary
uuutry, i
leasures. If such i
j iucvitubly lost.
To C’onRKsroNDXNT*—“Socrates” shall have a
place iu our next. Also “ S. J. II.”
NEW TERRITORIES.
The following very clear :»< cieints of tl.e boon-
ditriesof t.'.e ’1\ rritori'.s and Slates acquired In in
Mexico, us now esiablisbed by Congress, is cn-
doused fiutn ti.e Now York Journal ol Commerce:
Texas and Xew Mexico.
Beginning at the intersection of tlie lOOtli par-
aid of longitude with latitude 3G degrees 30 min-
Mr. Oranberry’i Letter of Accsptanca.
At Home, Harris county, Oct. 15, 135'
Messrs. H\ C. Dsten/Hirt, P. Waits,
IV. J. Hendersi n a id oOnr.i, Cumin itte?*—
Gentlemen : Y> ur ic-te of the lOili inst. inform
me dial I had lieen unanimuusly nominal-d, at n m?
mg oft lit- “ Union Southern Rights party,” a* a ram
au* to represent this county «uh oilier") in the St
Convention railed hy the Governor, lo a>—ruble in 3
ledgevills in Dfcemo**r, i* b-iure me, nml I havnemi
vored to giv»* it surlt r.m«ideraiu»n tu* tin* gravity “f
inierrst* \\ hirli you a>k in** t- r prereiit, would denim
I am eraifiul lor the honor w l»i?-li wi large a Isidy 1
my fellow m ii’/eii*. vvidton? th" "lm*h w *>l’n MilintHiid
«»n my part, are UispiB-ed to oner nie ; ana coming, a
it does, to one who has for many years lieen w holly ud
cupied with public labors unconnected with all pHrt)
politics, and absolutely precluding him from any panic?
or with tho Uuiou. Away with such men. The
daring disuniouists can aud will be mot ami put dowu;
the mote timid, but equally dangerous advocates for
secession, will be treated iu the same way. The pres
ent dauger is that the people maybe deceived, aud
that meu will slip into the Couveuiiou professing great
love for the Union aud government of the couutry,
who will, if they have the power, place us iu the pre-
dicaiueul above mentioned.
The action of the last Congress is before the people.
It iu thut action it has or cau be shown that the honor
of the South has beeu tarnished, or the Constitution
of the couutry violated, it will be time euough to
resort to measures of redress which look to epeu resis
tance. Iu our view of the matter there are but two
kmds of resistance, oue by the regular constituted uu-
I thonties of the government acting withiu the tiue of
their constitutional duties, the other by force aud 6uch
j revolutionary moveiueuts us set the Constitution at
j doltttuoe, aud look to the destruction of the present
j form ol government. Look well, thou, to what meu
] moan vvheu they dismount from the disuuiou hobby,
i and talk about resistance It all moans the same
Li.'ug, and tends to the same end. When we get
| ready to resist the couetitutiouul laws of the country,
wo shall bo ready to dissolve the Uuiou—and uot be-
I lore.
the honor of the South ; protect itseoiisiitauouul rights,
uud save the Uuiou. 1 feel justified iu saying, that
the honor of the South remains untarnished. The con
stitution has uot been violated. :>till, we have good
reason to complain of the gross injustice we have suf
fered, by the admission of California us a State, with a
territory greater lhau three of the largest of the States
of tho Union, ^with the exception of Texas,) from tho
whole of which the Southern people are effectually ex
cluded by the prohibition of slavery co .lotued ia her
constitution. Agaiust this injustice, I exerted mysetf
to the utmost; but does it furnish justifiable grouud for
a resort to the extreme measures opeuly aud warmly
advocated by a portion of our citizens t l think uoL
For if every act of oppression or unjust legislation fur-
uished good grouud fot the destruction of this great
government—the wouder aud the admiration of the
world—it would long siuce have been brokeu iuto frag
ments. Wheu the embargo laws carried desolatiou to
the shores of New England; destroyed her commerce,
aud left her ahijis to rot at her wharves ; what would
have been the feeling, hud that sectiou determiued to
dissolve the l uiou? W hen the unjust, unequal mid
most oppress.ve tariff of 182? pressed li<*aviiy upon the
Southern States with the exception of South Carolina,
gave countenance to uullificaltou ? Fur be it from
me to jkillrate Nuitbsru uggrewiou. No mau has fell i(
**.' «.*"»***r i pati"M in party strifes, 1 cannot but receive it as a rnarj
uU's .id thou ruttN due west on said parallel »! of respect and confidence, of a much higher order than
latitude to longitude 103 ; thence South along said a mere party nomination
meridian of longitude to latitude 32; tner.ee wcs1
along said paralel of latitude to RioGrmde; thence
soutliernly down the Rio Grande to the Gull ot
Mexico.
Territory of Sew Mexico,
Beginning at a po.nt tit the Colorado river,
where the boundary line with the Republic ol
Mexico crosses the same; thence easterly with
tae said boundary line to tlie Rio Grande; tlicr.cc
billowing the main channel of said nvft to the par
allel of 32 degrees of north latitude ; thence east
with said degree lo its intersection with the one
hundred and third degree of longitude west ot
Greenwich ; thence north with said degree of lon
gitude to the parallel of thirty-t iglit ut north lat
itude thence-west with said parade! to the sum
mit of the Sierra Madro , thence south with the
crest of said mountain to the thirty-seventh paral
lel of north latitude; thence west with said paral
lel to its intcr*ectiou with the boundary line of ike
•State of California.
Territory of Utah.
Bounded on the west of the State of California,
eu the north by the tei ritory of Oregon ; on ti.c
E tst by the summit of the Rocky Mountains; on
tlie south by latitude 37 degrees.
The At ts of Congress providing for the ergani-
/.\T n of those territories, cxpre.**!v stipulate that
Alien admitted into in.- linn , as Stale* i .. . *i.
ue uilmitled with or without slavery, us their Con-
euiuiien* may prescribe at the lima of their ad-
Imleetl, gentlemen, the fact of my having had so littlf
to du with political affairs for the past ten years, is tU
occasion ul much self-disirust ou iny part, and prompt,
in** unaffcciedly to regret that your dunce had pet fallen
upon t-ome other citizen, less actively engaged than ray-
sell" in Other dunes, ant' w hose halms of ble had mudA
hint more familiar with all the great question* of policy!
which have agitated the country.
Were it not that I am most deeply impressed with a
sense of the momentous interests at stake—the fearful
divartere to which we are exposed, and the ruinous mea
sures that nrt* attempted to lie carried. I should uilltesi-
tatiii-ily decline your invitation, on this very account.
But, believing as I Jo, that in the history of the nation,
cri-e* innv nn-e iu which no loyal citizen, no true pa
triot ha* the moral right to excti»e hnn-elf from tho pub
lic service, blit at the peril ol I.i- good name, and at ilia
sacrifice of Ins obligation* to (5 d and his country,—
and that such a crisis is now iqstu u—1 ha a no alter
native hut to accept the nominal mn *..» politely tendered
me, and to cast myself upon th* symjeuhies and confi
dence of those w ho rail me to these responsibilities, for
such sup; • rt and (haritable judgment, a* my (test efforts
to *ei\e them may deserve.
1 need scarcely say to iny fellow -citizens of Harris,
that t: yielding lo their wishes, I am com lie Hod to
make a heavy titmice ut tny own j*ers«*nal leelings, all
of which prompt me to desire the peaceful and quiet
wnlksof life n* t tne of which would aliowrnw to mix
in the exciting scene* ot a isiluical agitation. Jl lexer
iiad. I am now too far advanced in years to cherish any
desire f>a promotion—nor could I consent to rin; one
i. i, h above the IcimbJv, unpret**iuling purit.on I have so
j. -,ng ui ,-d a* a cm;,.-., bi.t :< r :r.** ar ient hope, that
lit,* service f w hich 1 am r.i'»e.I, may «-on.nbut*some
what, 1!., ,.;' I i! irt * it II note, iu the peace, tmiM|iiil.iy
arid pros pent) »*f our cumutmi, uur whole country.
r Jhe call which you tuako upon all the »and*d»tei