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- tub times. Columbus, March 0. COTTON. Bales. Receipts for week ending March G, 1,955 Received previously - 29,882 Total receipts ... - 31,0:3/ Total shipments ... 23,593 Stock on hand * - 7,534 Rec’d same time last season - - 43,924 Deficiency this year ... 12,88/ Price 8 1 3 a 10 3-1 cents. Enquirer. Cotton There has been but little come jn during the last few days. Prices range from 101-2 toll.—Argus. The Tallahassee Correspondent of the Ap alachicola (Fla.) Journal, states that Pierce M. Butler, late Governor of South Carolina, will succeed Robert Raymond Reid, as Terri torial Governor of Florida. The Mails— Owing to the failure of the Mails from the North, for several days past, we are without any late news of inteiest. We had anticipated the pleasure of presen ting to our readers, to-day, the Inaugural Ad dress of General Harrison —but mismanage ment or carelessness in the transportation of the mail, somewhere on the route between this and Washington City, will delay the appear ance of it, until our next publication. We notice that the Democratic Young Men of several counties have held meetings, and appointed Delegates to the Convention to be held at Milledgeville in May. What are the young Democrats of Muscogee doing ? Me would suggest the propriety of their being e qually active, General McDuffie- and the State Agricultu ral Society of South Carolina. —On our first page, will be found an able and interesting Address, delivered in thejlast Autumn before this Society, by Gen. George McDuffie, for a long period, formerly, a very distinguished member of Congress, from South Carolina, and well and extensively known as one ot the most intellectual men of the age. For severu’ ynars past. Gen. McDuffie has devotod himself exclusively to Agriculture, and has acquired a high reputation for judi cious and successful planting. This Address imbodies the results of his experience on this important subject, and every planter will, doubtless, find in it much useful information. UNITED STATES AND Git EAT BRI TAIN- Recent information from Washington au thorizes the belief that our differences with England, if not adjusted, are not likely to pro duce an immediate rupture. The letter of the Washington Correspondent of the Charles ton Courier* in another part of this paper, fur nishes some of the details of the information Irom Washington. As it respects the North Eastern Boundary, it appears from the state ments of Mr. Buchanan, in the Senate, that a Convention between the two Governments had been arranged, for the amicable and sat isfactory settlement of that long pending and vexed question. All the details of the plan were not yet, perhaps, definitely understood ; yet Mr. Buchanan apprehended not the slight est difficulty in arranging them agreeably to the wishes of both parties—as the important principles of the Convention had been express ly stipulated and settled. Although there arc’other points of difference with Great Britain, which require to be trea ted “fith both a .1 firmness, yet it ought to be a source of gratification to the whole country, that the Boundary Question, the most important of them all, and which, it was feared, might, from its very protracted duration, and the irritating correspondence to which it had, at different periods, given rise, be difficult of adjustment, on terms consistent with the honor of both nations, and favorable to the continuance of lasting peace, is in the course of amicable adjustment We are not yet apprised that the terms of the Convention are such as to preclude all possibility of a disagreement, and to bring the Boundary Dispute to a satisfactory issue, with in a limited period; but there can be no doubt, from the language of Air. Buchanan, that, in stating the terms of the Convention, its impor tant principles and its details, proper care has been observed to exclude, as far as possible, all such matters as contributed to prevent a settlement of the question heretofore, and might, perhaps, exert a similar influence now. THE COLUMBUS BANKS. On Monday morning last, the Banks of this city suspended specie payments We have transferred to our columns the remarks of the Georgia Argus, and Columbus Enquirer, o* yesterday, relative to the suspension in this city. Our readers will find in them all the information we have, relative to the subject to which they relate. With respect to the opinions expressed by these Journals on the subject, we have no comments to make, until we are placed in possession of all the facts and circumstan ces, which led to the suspension—and shall ba better enabled, from an examination of them, to judge what justification, if any, exist ed to authorize the measure on the part of the Banks. There are various rumors in circulation re specting the course pursued towards the Co lumbus Banks—ot extraordinary demands be ing made for specie, during the last week— of individuals traversing the country, in every direction, searching for Columbus notes, and paying a high premium for them, in order to draw specie; and of various other movements to cripple and harrass the Banks of this city. As they are merely rumors, and have assumed no definite shape, we cannot vouch for their accurac3 r . This subject of finance and currency is, we must confess, beyond our limited compre hension; and we snail, therefore, wait the dexclopement of abler minds. W e have often been surprised to witness the confidence and freedom with which it is daily and hourly handled —confessedly one of the most intricate and abstruse subjects in the whole range of political economy—and are frequently reminded of a passage in one of the speeches of the celebrated John Randolph— Mr. R. says: “Butler, the Annotator, with Hargrave, on Lord Coke, speaking with Fox as to political economy—that most extraordinary man, ex - celled by no man that ever lived, or probably ever will live, as a public deba e. - , and of the. deepest political erudition, fairly confessed that he had never read Adam Smith. Butler said to Mr. Fox “that he had never read Ad am Smith’s work on the Wealth or Nations.” “To tell you the truth,” replied Mr. Fox, “nor I neither. There is something in all these subjects that passes my comprehensio n—some thing so wide that I could never embrace them mrself, or find any one who did.” And we see how we, with our little dividers, under’ take to lay off the scale, and with our pack thread to take the soundings, and speak with a confidence peculiar to quacks on this abstruse and perplexing subject.” It is proper to inform our readers that no confusion or alarm has been created by the suspension in this city—that the Banks re ceive, and pay out the notes of each other— and that no doubt is entertained of the ability of the Banks ultimately to redeem all their liabilities, of every kind and description. THE NEW ADMINISTRATION. In this paper will be tound an account of an animated debate in the Senate of the U- States, in which Air. Cuthbort, of Georgia, took a prominent part. Air. Cuthbert, it ap pears, stated that Air. Webster, the new Sec retary of State, had, at a public meeting in Boston, many years since, advanced the doc trine, or concurred in its correctness, that Congress, under that clause of the Constitu tion which authorises it to regulate commerce ■with Foreign Nations, and between the States, possesses the power to interdict the transpor tation of slaves from one State to another, as articles of merchandize. Mr. Clay Os Ky.’ Mr. Rives and Mr. Preston defended Air. Webster, and pronounced his views sound in reference to all matters and things connected with Slavery in the South. A perusal of the debate, however, will show that the distinct charge made by Mr. Cuthbert was not met, to wit—Does Air. Webster believe or not that Congress lias the power, under the clause of the Constitution just stated, to prevent the transfer of slaves from one State to another’ as articles of sale? The report adopted by the Boston meeting, and which is published in this paper, with the debate to which it gave rise, maintains this doctrine—a doctrine which, it is needless to say, will never be recognized by tho South —ami Mr. Cuthbert charges that Mr. Webster was one of the master-spirits of that meeting—that lie then and there sanc tioned this objectionable interpretation of the Constitution—and asks emphatically has Air. Webster, at any period since, explained or disavowed the opinions expressed on this vital subject, in the Boston Report! Here is an explicit and plain interrogatory—and how is it answered! By the general statement, that Air. Webster is sound on all these matters- It Mr. Webster be really orthodox on this question, in all its bearings, why hesitate to answer specifically—and especially when it is clearly shown that, upon one branch of the subject, he has not always been so very ortho dox ! It looks very much like the case of Air- Granger, in which it is impossible to bring hi s recent defenders either to the statement or de nial of specifications, with respect to the opin ions of that gentleman on the subject of Abo lition. And this brings us again to the consi ’era tionof the case of Mr. Granger. Our readers will distinctly recollect that we asked last week—“will the supporters of the new Ad ministration deny that Air. Granger insists up on the right and the duty of Congress to re ceive Abolition petitions—upon the power of Congress to discard slavery in the District of Columbia—and upon the propriety and neces sity of the exercise of that power, at some pe riod!” We certainly expected the Columbus Enquirer to say something on the subject, es pecially as it had lauded Air. Granger in the most unmeasured terms; and declared him to j be free of “the least suspicion of even a lean ing towards that abominable heresy.” * It furnishes no evidence to sustain its statements respecting Air. Granger —but it. has very pru dently refrained from reiterating those state ments. As the Enquirer may have overlook ed the proofs heretofore, of Air. Granger’s Abolitionism, and have been induced innocent ly to acquit him of any fault in the matter— it is proper, as well to correct the erroneous ; impressions of that paper, as to substantiate [ what we said last week on the subject, to ad duce the following very explicit proofs : “ On the Bth February, 1836, Air. Pinckney, of South Carolina, introduced, into the House of Representatives, the following resolution: “ Resolved, That all the memorials which have been off:red, or may hereafter be pre sented to this House, praying for the Aboli tion of Slavery in the District of Columbia; also, the resolution offered by the honorable member from Maine, (Air. Jarvis,) with an amendment thereto, proposed by an honorable member from Virginia, (Mr. Wise); and (ve ry other paper or proposition that may be sub mitted, in relation to that subject, be referred to a Select Committee, with instructions tore port—“That Congress possesses no Constitu tional authority to interfere in any way with the institution of slavery in any of* the States of this Confederacy; and that, in the opinion of this House, Congress ought not to interfere, in any way, with slavery in the District of Co lumbia, because it would be a violation oi public faith, unwise, impolitic and dangerous to the Union; assigning such reasons lor these conclusions, as, in the judgment of the com mittee, may be best calculated to enlighten the public mind, to repress agitation, alley excitement, to sustain and preserve the just rights of the slaveholding States, and of the people of this District, and to establish harmo ny and tranquillity among the various sections of the Union.* 4 “A motion was made to take the vote upon each separate proposition. The resolution to refer to a Select Committee passed by a de cisive vote.” The next vote was taken on the proposition that Congress possesses no Con stitutional power to interfere with slavery in the Slates. Only seven voted against this proposition; and because Mr. Granger voted in the affirmative on this single branch, the Richmond \Y big and other papers think to clear his skirts of Abolitionism. Let us see, however, what Mr. Granger did with the lasj proposition contained in the Resolution—a proposition evidently framed with great care, and so expressed as to secure the consent of those even, who entertained constitutional scruples as to the power of Congress over the subje; t, in the District of Columbia. That proposition reads thus—“that, in the opinion o; this House, Congress ought not to inter lere in any way with Slavery in the DisUict of (_ olumbia.” Here is a proposition, plain and explicit, avoiding altogether the Constitutional question, and commending itself to the ap pro! al and support of every one who enter tained noncraa.e feenng* an the subject, and was not madly bent on the consummation of |< tiie most mischievous designs. The request oi this branch of the resolution was simply to say that the agitation of the subject, as it re spected the District of Columbia, was impro per; and that Congress ought not to interfere with it in that District. Could the matter be presented in a more unexceptionable form, or one less likely to incur the disappro bation of those, who, whatever might be their aversion to slavery in the abstract, however high they might value the right of petition — were yet sincerely opposed to any infringe” ment of the constitution on this subject; and honest in their declarations of attachment t° the peace, security and happiness of every sec tion of this Great Republic! Certainly Air. Granger who “has hurled hack with scorn” Uie charge of abolitionism—who “would be far from holding any place in the new Admin istration” “if there had ever existed against him the least suspicion of even a leaning towards that abominable heresy”— certainly this gentleman, entertaining the sentiments and feelings, ascribed to him by the Colum bus Enquirer— panted to record his vote in iavor of this plain, simple, harmless and just proposition. Let us refer to the record for the facts. By an inspection of it, it ap pears that Air. Granger, in company with 42 wiugs (will our neighbours of the Enquirer mark it!) from the non-slaveholding States— voted—not for—but against , the proposition— voted that Congress ought to interfere with slavery in the District of Columbia. And we must here remark, in the language of the Richmond Enquirer, “that emancipation in the District is the very head and .front of abolition offending. We expect to hear next of Slade, as we have already heard of John Q. Adams, (both of whom voted against the first branch of the resolution,) that he is no abolitionist.” Other developements are forthcoming with respect to the abolition notions of Air. Gran ger. Other votes in Congress on the subject —letters to his constituents at different times —and his course in the New York Legisla ture, will all, in due season, be spread before the country. And this man is now Post Master General of the United States. For (he Times. Ma. Editor, Permit me, through your co lumns, to make some remarks in regard to the final suspension of our Banks, lor it will be years belbre they resume again. Alter they have reaped another harvest, they mav again attempt it. What ate Banks chartered for? What would our New York friends say, were the mei chants of this city to assemble and resolve to suspend payment of their notes to an in definite period. Would that suffice them? Again, vvhat course would the Banks here pursue if we were to inform them that our notes would not be paid at maturity, hut on ly when we were ready—would they show any mercy—it is not the character of (he Banks now? lam not opposed to Banks, if they would remain in their own shell; but I have been an observer of their operations here and elsewhere. No wonder we poor devils nave to sutler. By the time we go to New York and buy goods and pay all expenses, and then pay 8 or ten per cent exchange, where are our profits. It is really awful. lew davs ago you could not buy exchange of our Banks here with iheir own notes, because they knew that they would suspend, and (lien exchange could be put up to Sand 10 per cent. It is very plain to me—l venture to say that if they were then disposed, they could have drawn on New York, fi>rdouble the amount requisite to have supplied the wants of exchange. But the difficulty was, oniy two percent for exchange. I could say something in regard to uncurrent funds—l presume most ol our business men know this tender cord, existing between banks &, bro kers. It appears to me, that all banks ought tube on a par, that do not pay specie. I have heard it remarked that our Banks are better off - than the other banks of the State, I can see no just reason for the remark. How do they manage in regard to country Banks, their notes are bankable as long as they have funds in their drawers, but they slip out twenty when they take one, and when they pav it all out, it is not bankable. We take it be cause it is bankable at the time; the first thing we know, is, we are shaved on it, that is the deep game that has, and will be played as long as the Banks are the government and ruling power. I shall refrain for the present, on th s point, on the whole we have been trampled on enough. SUSPENSION OF SPECIE PAYMENTS. On Monday last, the Banks of this City a gain shut down; and since that time have* re deemed their bills only with other notes or ex change, at current rates. Tms measure, as we are informed, has been rendered imperative, by the increasing demand for specie from foreign sections—the wants of Alabama, Tennessee and Florida, having been principally supplied by our city for a month past. We seriously regret that any necessity should have occurred to produce sacharesul. -—and yet altera lull and general conversation with gentlemen connected with the Banks, we are entirely satisfied that a different course on their part would have involved the country m the most distressing embarrassments. From all we can learn in these enquiries, which we have instituted solely for the bene fit of our readers—we are yet unshaken in the opinion that the Banks of Columbus, are in as healthy and sound a condition as any in the country—and that the suspension at pre sent, instead of diminishing, will materially increase the strength of the Banks, as well as accommodate the necessities of the people. \\ e, perhaps, like others, have been too much in the habit of considering these institutions as maintaining a separate interest in the com munity. Our recent enquuir-, however, have dissipated the last vestige of such an opinion, and established the conviction in our own mn ds, that whatever others may do, the Banks of Columbus must either suspend for a while, or multitudes of our people (to an extent much greater than we had before sup posed,) will be sacrificed under the hammer of the Sheriffi Under this view of the sub. ject, we would still bespeak a kind and gen erous indu ! gcnce o.i the part ol bill holders, aiid re-affirm our opinion tiiat Columbus Bills are as good as the nest in the country. Columbas Enquirer COLUMBUS BANKS. Well, our banks have suspended— except the Phoenix Bank. In relation to this, we have only to say, as we have said of other banks; we 1 ope the Governor will have the i.erve to execute the Jaw. Banks which cannot or will not answer the purpose for which they were es ablished, ought not to be a lowed the ex traordinary privileges which have been gran ted them. One thing, however, may be truly said oHihe banks of this place; they have made a fair bona fide effort to pay specie; as long as they pretended to pay they paid to all who demanded; this is no reason however why they should be exempted from the operation of tho iaw. That they are unable to redeem their bjlls prove either that Banking is a business which ought not in any'shape to be carried on, or that these banks have been mismanaged: They have been granted privileges which are denied to the citizens, in return for which they were to confer upon the country certain bene- j tits; whether from want of ability or from want f disposition is no matter; suffice it, that they , have tailed to do what they promised to do j and the privilege ought no longer to be allow- ed them. We said privileges had been granted which were denied to the citizens; and shame upon them men be democrats; advo cates of equal righ's and privileges, voted at the last session of the Legislature of Georgia, to continue these exclusive privileges. Had theiavv passed to destroy this shameful restric tion, there would not have been this day, three suspended Banks in Georgia; until the res triction is taken off, and banking left to regu late itself, we shall never have a regular bank ing business which shall be able to withstand the shocks of the reverse of trade. The peo ple have brought these evils upon themselves, by their mean subserviency to the Banks, and they must suffer the consequences. They complain of the banks as they exist; yet they reiuse to apply the only remedy which can re move the evil. The restrictive system never has worked well in any thing: it never will; experience lias proven that it works badiy In banking. Let the legislature therefore destroy all hank ing or have it free.— Argus. From the Charleston Mereury. Match 3. THE COTTON CROP. We have watched the progress of the mar ket and the arrival of the crop with no little anxiety—from the apparently well-grounded tear, not yet fully relieved, that the great in flux of cotton during the early pan of the sea son, would, when fully felt, in the European market, create a rev ulsion in the price of our staple. The danger of such an effect is not in our opin on yet passed, and we regard the present time as the most critical moment of the season, to the speculators in cotton—but that is their look out. We have endeavored as iar as depended on the influence of one journal, to ward off such revulsion by an ex position of the true state of the crop and the reasons peculiar to the year which had brought so large a part of it prematurely to market.— These reasons and the conclusion we drew from them, stand now amply confirmed. On the first of January last, we staked our credit on the prophecy, that by the first of March,the receipts of the present crop would have fallen short of those of the same period last year, 200,000 bales. The following is a compara tive statement of the receipts in all the South ern ports to the latest dates: 1840—1. 1839-40. New Orleans, Feb. 20, 475,692 534,877 Mobile, “ 24, 182,335 212,550 Florida, “•> 6, 35,838 33,324 Georgia, “ 25, 65,453 130,402 South Carolina, “ 26, 111,080 164,212 North Carolina, “ 6, 2,110 4,631 Virginia, “ -1, 4,655 6,009 Sea Island, 10,431 15,141 887,610 1,100,137 887,610 212,527 It appears then that the receipts of the pre sent year so far, have fallen short of the same dates last year by 212,527 bales. Let it be remembered too, that for two months after the commencement of the season, the receipts of the present crop exceeded these of the last year; that at the time we made the prophecy now so completely fulfilled, the receipts had not fallen short of the greatest crop yet pro duced. From the comparative statement given a bove, we are also able to estimate, with some certainty, the entire amount of the ciop. At dates given above in 1840, more than one half of the crop had come to market. If we allow the same proportion of the present crop to have come in, the entire amount of the cotton crop will be about 1,080,(XX) bales. But the argu ments we adduced on a former occasion to j show that the present crop was much earlier I gathered and much more rapidly thrown into 1 the market, induce us to make a still further deduction from the present crop, which on the best consideration we have been able to o-jve the subject, we set down at not over 1,60!)J)00 bales. It is improbable that the crop will much tall short ot that, and still more improb able that it will much exceed it. With this limit to production, no one will say that the rise in price is extravagant, or that if it were understood, there would be any danger of a depression in our staple. The true danger is, that our friends across the water wilfdraw wrong conclusions from the great influx of the crop in the first four months of the season. The Tariff ’.—The following from the Ricl> mond Whig of Alonday will commend itself to perusal : There has been great disappointment in the effects of the reduction.of the Tariff. It has led to vast importations; to an enormous debt to Europe ; to a drain of bullion; and to the exaggeration of the financial difficulties, superinduced by the mad tampering and expe rimenting of the Jackson era. Who can point to the single advantage it has brought the coun try, to counterbalance these injurious effects ! We have challenged and challenge again, South Carolina to produce a single item.- Has more of her cotton and rice b“en con sumed, or at as good prices as belbre the re duction took place f Does she purenase low er than before, or as low ! Let us venture upon a prophecy. If Great Britain consum mates her known policy of growing Cotton in her Asiatic Colonies, and South Caroli a is excluded thereby from her markets, or under- i sold, South Carolina will then knock £t the j doors -of Congress, and ask for protection for her cotton. She will seek to secure the American market to (he American growth. Men’s opinions have undergone in the South, and are now undergoing, great changes in respect to the Tariff They contrast the pre sent with the past; and the comparison is in favor of protecting our own manufactures.— We believe we truly stated public opinion, when we said that our objections to the tariff were political, not economical; that the true ; objections to i f , were first, the hostility of sections to it, and second!}', its liability Repro duce a redundant Treasury. Our Navy. —The number of Post Captains in the Navy is 55—the oldest in rank being James Barron. The numbers of Masters Commandant is also 55, —of lieutenants 290, —of passed midshipmen 101, —of midshipmen 231, —of surgeons 01, —of passed assistant s.irgeons 17, —of assistant surgeons 51,—pur sers 51,—0f chaplains 10,—of sailing masters 29. The pay of a senior captain on sea sen-ice, is SL-500 per annum; of do. on eave $3,500; captains of squadrons $1,000; do. on other du ty $3,500 ; do. olfduty $2,500; Master Com mandants in sea service $2,500; do. on leave of at sence $1,800; Lieutenants commanding $1,800; do. on other dutys 1,500; do. on leave $1,200; surgeon from SI,OOO to $2,- 700, according'to their term of service; as sistant surgeons, from $650 to $1,200 ; chap lains at sea $1,200 ; do. on leave $800; pas sed midshipmen at $750; do. waiting orders $600; midshipmen at sea $400; oth er duty $350; sailing master of a slrp of war at sea $l,lOO : do. on other duty $1,000; professor of mathematics $1,200; teachers of naval sv.h-nce slßo.— Sac. Rep. The first paper started in the United States was the News Letter published in Boston in 1704, and continued 72 years. —Columbus Enquirer. The city of New York contains about 310,- 000 inhabitants, and is still rapidlv growing in population and extent 850 new buildings were erected there during the past year, beino -176 more than were built in 1839. ib. ° __ POSTSCRIPT. Thursday, March 11—10 o’clock, a. m. In conseijuence of the heavy and continued rains, we have been visited with a tremendous freshet. The river has been, and is now, rapidly rising. Our beautiful bridge, new and perfectly sound, has been swept away by the destructive waters. All the bridges in the neighborhood have been carried off, and nothing now remains hut one splendid mass off ruins. It is supposed by some that Col. Jones’ mills will be carried off, but we entertain our doubts. Some fear that the water will rise over the bluff, at the upper part of town—if so, no one knows where the destruction will cease. From the Wasliingion Correspondence of the Charles ton Courier. Washington, March 1. Among the arrivals here, last night, were Messrs. “Tippecanoe and Tyler too,” from Richmond. The city is already thronged with strangers from all quarters, and more are ex pected. The office seekers have taken the city by storm. They hunt in packs. Each seeker brings with him half a dozen friends to back his application. The nomination of Peter V. Daniel, of Vir ginia, as Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, will not be acted upon, and no appoint ment will be made from Virginia. The Sen ate, by a vote of 134 to 13, agreed to add Vir ginia and North Carolina to the Maryland cir cuit, and to create n new circuit in the south west. There will then be five Judges in the old States and four in the new, which will be a more equitable and convenient distribution of the circuits. There is no doubt that the House is disposed to concur in the measure, and therefore the nomination will lie till the fourth of March, when Gen. Harrison will make a nomination from the southwest. In the Senate, to day, Mr. Buchanan, from the Committee on Foreign Affairs, made a report (n the state of the negotiations with the British Government. The report states that the negotiation in regard to the bounda ry question promises to terminate in a satisfac tory adjustment of that matter, and that noth ing new has occured in relation to the Caro* line and McLeod affair. Mr. Buchanan distinctly contradicted the i eport that an angry correspondence had been lately carried on between Mr. Fox and Mr. Forsyth, in relation to the case of McLeod. I here had been no new correspondence that was worthy of publication. Mr. Clay said that overy thing looked deci dedly pacific, and he had never yet brought his nund to the contemplation of war, as a possible event. He stated that there was no necessity whatever for a special mission to England in relation to this matter, and he ho ped there would be none, though it had been suggested in the public prints. He thought it high time, however, to proceed to the adop tion of some plan of national defece. Mr. Cuthbert took occasion to bring- forward, in proof of assertions made by hitn, on a for mer day, some resolutions adopted at a rriet ting in Boston over which Mr. Webster pre sided, declaring that Congress lias the consti tutional power to prohibit the inler-State slave trade. Let that be established, said Mr. C., and what remains to the South. Mr. Preston, Mr. Clay and Mr. Rives read passages from Mr. Webster’s speeches, &c., showing that he denied to Congress the pow er to interfere, in any manner, with tl-e slave institutions of the southern States. Mr. Rives referred to Mr. Webster’s speech in reply to Gen. Hayne—a production, he said, unsurpassed by the orations of ancient or modern times, and which, in his opinion, threw them all into the shade—to prove that, in Mr. Webster’s opinion, the power granted of “re gulating commerce” did not imply a power to prohibit commerce, but the power to pass needful rules concerning the conduct of that commerce. Mr. Walker maintained tint, if the Supreme Court of the Uni’ed States’ should decide, in the Mississippi slave case, that the State laws prodibiting the introduction of slaves as mer chandize are repugnant lo the clause of the constitution granting Congress the power to “regulate commere,” then all would be con ceded to the abolitionists that t hey desired; and the Supreme Court had already decided, in two cases, that the power to regulate com merce was-a power to prohibit commerce.- Mr. Clay expressed a different opinion, and maintained that the argument which he and his associate, Mr. Webster, urged in that cause against the validity of the State laws, went to fortify the-southern States against the assaults of the abolitionists. [Correspondence of the Southern Patriot.] In the course of the morning, a rumor was set afloat that a very angry correspondence had j rust taken place between Messrs. Fox and Forsyth on the case of McLeod, and wh ch it was said foreboded immediate hostilities be tween us and England. Mr. Pickens des ? patched a message to the State department to learn the facts. After the message had returned Mr. Pickens stated to the House that there was not the slightest foundation for such a rumor, and that no correspondence had ta ken place thet could alter the position of the parties at the time the last correspondence was forwarded to the House. In the Senate, owing to the above rumor, Mr. Buchanan, the chairman of the committee, declared most explicitly that no such corres pondence as was rumored had taken place, and that nothing had occurred to change at all the nature ol the case as it stood a fortnight ago. There are some, however, who believe that the course of Messrs. Pickens and Buchanan is adopted only as a matter of policy, and that an angry correspondence has taken’place. It cannot be supposed for a moment, however, that the country would thus designedly be kept in ignorance of such important move ments. From the Wellington (Ga.) News, Feb. 12. THE GEORGIA RAIL ROAD BANK. This institution has again suspended Specie payments. The bills are still received and paid out by the Banks in Augusta, and the Branch at that place continues to pay Specie. This suspension, we understand, has been caused not by any want of confidence in the solvency of the Bank in this part of the State to which it has supplied the chief circulation; but by runs made upon it by brokers and per sons from other States. The institution has paid out since the first of February, no less than $184,000 in specie and its equivalent, as we are told on the authority of its Presi dent. Girard College. —This marble palace now in the progress of construction, for the educa tion of poor orphans, according to the will of the late Stephen Girard, affords of the most astonishing instances of squandering an estate on record. According to the Philadelphia Ledger, seventeen thousand dollars axe now an nually expended in salaries to officers and ar tisans connected with the institution. A. D. Bache, the President, has a salary of four thou sand dollars per annum, from the time of his appointment in July, IBH3- The cost of thirty four splendid and needless colums, amounts to the enormous sum of -$448,800, or $13,000 each. The corner stone was laid on the 4th of July, 1833 ; the ar chitect was appointed the 23d of March 1833 ; the clerk of the trustees was appointed in March, 1833, and the President was appoin ted in July, 1836. The estimated cost of the College, was $700,000 and of the out buildings, $200,000, making a total of $900,000. It is a well as certained fact that the expenses up to Janua ry last, on the College, amount to the colos sal sum of $1,372,712,45, and the College is reported by the architect, to be about two thirds completed.— TTs 'tchlmeer. Fiorn the Georgia Jeffersonian, March C. YOUNG MEN’S CONVENTION. We desire to call the attention of the Dem ocratic Young Men of Georgia to the consid- | eration of their coining Convention, and to put ] them in remembrance that it is time they were making some preparatory arrangements. \ The meeting is appointed to be held in Mill edgeville, on the first Monday in May next, and we should like to see our young friends up and doing while there is yet plenty of time. There is nothing like “taking time by the fore lock” in the various engagements of life, to execute their designs effectively; and surely there can be none of more importance, or which should engage a more prompt and hearty attention from Southern patriotism at the present time, than our political duties.— When black cockade federalism and bigotted abolitionism are walking forth arm and arm in the broad glare of sunlight, there is no time to dally; when the one is eleva‘ed to the high est dignity in the Government, and the other is “setting up his marks of progress” in the same direction, there is no room for doubt— Who can be so dead to his country’s best in terest as to remain listless and caroless when they so loudly call him to action? It is not our design, at least not now, to ad vance any arguments in favor of the propriety of this Convention. We presume our humble efforts m that way will not be necessary. All must be aware of the efficiency of delibera tion, concert and harmony, and none will deem the object so unimportant as to be willing to treat it lightly. We trust then, that the Democratic Young Men of the State will, without longer delay, proceed to ‘hold county meetings, organize themselves into societies, elect officers, and make such other arrangements and appoint ments as shall he deemed of service to the good cause. \ oung men ! you are called to do a great work. The enemy is abroad, flushed with victory and rejoicing in his strength. Will your proud spirits quail before him, or will you arm and meet him? Shall he he permitted to sweep the land, or will you rebuke him, and teach him, that federal and aristocratic prin ciples, though they may be successful for a while, can have no abiding place on the soil of freedom? Forward then to the rescue ! and remember, tiiat if your efforts cannot always command success, they may always deserve it. From the Richmond Enquirer, t eb.27. CONTkOVER Y WITH NEW YORK. We lay before our readers a letter from a distinguished gentleman of Albany, and the proceedings of the Legislature of New York, as they appear in the Albany Argus. The whole movement shows the anxiety of the Democrats to do us justice. The Whigs there are against us, but we hope better things from the Whigs of the Legislature of Virginia. We know that several of them are determined to march on, to stand shoulder by shoulder, without regard to party ; and may we not hope, that Virginia will present an un divided front on this occasion ; “Albany, Feb. 19, 1841. “I send the Argus of this morning, by which you will see that the friends of Gov. Seward have given the question between Virginia and New York the go-by. The vote lor post ponement was a strict party vote, with the exception of Mr. Wier of N, Y-, who voted for the postponment, so as to move a recon sideration. The true vote therefore should be, in favor of postponement, 49 Whigs— against it, 40 Democrats. The House was a thin one, and the Wh gs had probably deter mined on their course in caucus.” [The motion to reconsider has boon cut off’ by the rules, it is therefore abandoned.[ From the Alba y Argus. “Mr. Strong called for the consideration of the Virginia resolutions, the question being on Mr. L. Hubbell’s amendments to Mr. Loo mis’s substitute for the original resolution— the latter proposing a reference of the mat ter in controversy to a select joint commit- j tee. The House* agreed to consider them—ayes 74, noes 22. Messrs. Duor (Whig) and S. C. Hawley, (Whig) addressed the House at some length in favor of Mr. llubbell’s proposition—that no action was called for or expedient on ibe part of the legislature of New York. Mr. L. S. Chatfield, (Hern.) in an able and conclusive exposition of the constitutional question, repudiated the positions taken by the Governor thioughout the controversy. Mr. Beckwith (Conservative) followed at length, on the other side ; when Mr. Wheaton (Whig) moved the indefinite postponement of the whole subject. Mr. Skillman moved a call of the House, it being half past two, and many members absent —but it was denied. Mr. Me Murray (Democrat) moved an ad journment. Host.. Mr. L. Hubbell (Conservative) demanded ti e previous (question—on the motion to post pone. The call was seconded, and the main ques tion ordered to be put, and it was carried by a party vote—except that Mr. Weir voted m the affirmative. Mr. Weir rose immediately to move a re consideration, but Mr. Duer moved an ad journment, and the Chair put the question, and the House adjourned to 10 o,clocn to-mor row morning.” EF In a late number of the Richmond En quirer, we found the following opinion of Chancellor Ken*, of the controversy between Virginia and New York: Chancellor Kent's Opinion of the controversy between New York and Virginia. “The Constitution of the United States has provided for the surrender of fugitives from justice, between the several States, in cases of “treason, felony, and other crime,” but it has not designated the specific crimes for which a surrender has been made, and this has led to difficulties, as between the States. Thus, for instance, in 1839 the Governor of Virginia made application to the Governor of New York, for the surrender of three men, char ged by affidavit as being fugitives from justice, in feloniously stealing and taking away from one Colley , in Virginia, a negro slave Isaac, the property of Colley. The application was made under the act of Congress of Feb. 12, 1793, chapter 7, sec I, founded on the Constitution ol the U. Stales, Art 4, sec. 2, as being a case of treason, felony, or other crimes , within the j Constitution and the Law, and certified as the j statute directed. The Governor of New York refused to surrender the supposed fugitives,: on the ground that slavery, and property in slaves did not exist in Nevv York and that the offence was not a crime known to the Laws ot New York, and consequently not a crime within the meaning of the Constitution and \ statute of the U. S. The Executive and Le-1 gislative authorities of Virginia, on the other! hand, considered the case to be within the provision of the Constitution and the law, and i that the refusal was b denial of righo. It was contended that the Constitution of the United States recognizes the lawful ex istence of slaves as property, for it apportions the representatives among the States on the basis 0 the distinct.on between free persons and other persons, and it provides in Art. 4, sec. 2, lor the;r surrender when escaping from one State to another:—that slaves were re garded as property, in nearly all the States and protected as such, and particularly in N. York, when the Constitution was made ; and that the repeal of those laws and renunciation of that species of property, in one State, does . not affect the validity of the laws and of that species of property in another State ;—and that the refusal to surrender felons, who steal j that property in Virginia, and flee with it, or without it, to New Y'ork, on the ground that blacks are no longer .regarded as propertv in New York, ie a violation of the Federal com- pact, and of the act of Congress thereon This case involves very gra\e considerations. I have read and considered every authority, document, and argument on the subject, that were within my command, and in my humble view of the question, I cannot but be of the opiuion that tiib claim of the Governor of Virginia was well founded, and entitled to be recognized and enforced. (Commentaries on American lair, by Chan, cellar Kent, voL 1, 4//t Edition, note to p. 37. From Florida —By a passenger in the stea mer Gen. Clinch, Capt. Brooks, arrived yes terday from Florida, we learn that not long since two Seminole Indians favorable to emi gration, came across a party of fifty warriors of the Creek tribe. They invited the Semi noles to camp with them that night, when the subject of emigration was freely talked over, the Creeks trying to persuade the Semino'es not to give up. Next morning finding they u\ Hid uot yield to their persuasions, the two Semmoles were attacked and one of them killed. The other, badly wounded, made his escape and came into Fort King and delivered humeL up to Col. Riley, to whom ho gave the particulars above stated.— Savannah “lien. March 5. The Navy. —lt is stated that we have at the various Navy \ ards throughout the coun try, materials for building 20 sail of the line, 19 trigates, and a number of steamers. The Richmond Whig of Thursday savs : A rumor is afloat, and we devoutly hope it may prove true, that Mr. Clay will be des patched forthwith to London on a special mis sion to open negotiations tor the final adjust ment of difficulties. The occurrences at l/ock port seem to require immediate action to avert .so direful a calamity as war. 4 rom Ihe Georgia Aigus if yestfrdoy. DAGUERREOTYPE. Our fellow-citizens, Messrs. Fogle & Ech ols, have put into operation in this city, one of these—things—we do not know what else to call i! ; by which a correct miniature likeness is taken in a few minutes. This operation is one of the most wonderful of the effects of the scientific discoveries of the age. Those who desire to perpetuate the existing appear ance ot their laces, have now an opportunity of doing so, by calling at Mr. Fogle’s Jewel lets shop, on Broad street. We have seen specimens of miniatures tales there ; which are very striking in their resemblance to the original. Steamboats. —There were 131 steamboats built tn 1837, throughout the Union. New \ ork possesses the greatest number of steam boats. Li December, 1838, she had 140, with a tonnage of 13,243. Massachusetts had but 12, with a tonnage oi 1,443. Savannah Rep. Mortgage of Jernrsalun.— h is now au thenticated, that ttie Rolh.-childs hold a mort gage ol the Holy City, a circumstance that gi'Ts extraordinary interest to the move ment ol the Jews, and the signs of the times . Craolcs in stoves and stove pipes, are rcad 'ly closed by a paste made of ashes and salt, j vvitii water. Iron filings, sal amnion re, and water, make a hard and more durable ce ment. A patent has recently been taken out for a machine which is to supersede the hitherto known methods ot raising water. It is termed Hall’s Patent Hydranl.c Belt, and is already in operation in many par's of the country for the purpose ol draining gland. The contri vance is 1 1 io most simple, being merelv com posed of a whooilen belt which is made to revolve rounnd two ro'lers one keeping the bell beneath the wafer, and the oilier fixed at any required attitude. The adhesion of tho water to the woollen hell overcomes the gra vity of that ©lenient, when a velocity of 1000 leet per minute is acquired, a continot;a stream is Lrdhght up and poured in the recei ving pipes.— John Bull. ILj Iho receipts of Cotton at Augusta anti Hamburg this season up to the Ist insf., are 73,515 bales. At the same time last season there were received 142,690. Difference 63,, 085 bales—JAM. Hard Times.*™ Nine demijohns of old Ma, deira wine were sold the other day, at twenty dollars a gallon, or one hundred dollars a dent, ijohn, ; nd ten more, not so old, at ten dollars a gallon. The nine were taken by one indi, vidual lor family use.— ,Y- Y. Jour. Com. t A Philanthropist, by way of illustrating tjie horrors of solitary confinement, stated that out of one hundred persons sentenced to endure imprisonment for life in an American j rison, only fifteen survived it, It is stated that the loss on tea in London, on the arrival of the late news from China, a, mounted to upwards of $6,000,000. The Natchitoches Herald, of the 30:h Jan says: The commissioners of the United States and the Republic of Texas, appointed to com* jdete l uniting the boundary line, passed up the river this morning in the steamer Ca.fdo, mr Winfieid’s carpet factory, at Pough= keepsie, New i ork, lias 65 operatives, and turns out 100,000 yards of carpeting and. a million yards ol binding, annually.— Savan , mih Rep, A Heavy Revenue.-™ Cuba, with a popula. tion ot less than a million and a half, pays to the mother country the enormous revenue of ! $12,000,000. | O’ Two Hundred Millions of leeches, it is estimated, are annually exported into Eng, land! Costing two millions dollars. They j are principally imported from Hamburg. The) Dutch no dcubt, find Johny Bull a good sub, ject to draw upon. j O’ Out of 1300 “Whig,’’ voters, in the 10 h ward of the city of New York, there are i said 10 be 923 applicants lor situations irj the j Custom House, Interesting lo Blacksm blacksmith of Milan lias discovered that, by suspending a length of chain to one of the corners of the i anvil by means of a ring, the noise of the hammer may be almost entirely deadened. O* The new Hotel at Charleston was sold the other day for $84,622, cash. It was pur chased by the City Council— Savannah Rep. It is perhaps not generally known, that for a small commission the post offices in Eng land will check upon each other, thereby in suring the safe transmission of money from one part of the kingdom to another.* By a recent order of the postmaster general the commission is reduced, on sums not exceed ing £2, -from sixpence to three pence, and on. sums exceeding £2 , and not jt!s from Is. sd. to9d. THE CELEBRATED HORSE ROBIN HOOD WILL stand the ensuing season, one ha’f of his. time at my stable, nineteen miles ab-.ve Coium, bus, in Russell county, A.a., and the other part of his time at Lafayette, Chambers county. Ala., and will be :et to mares at the. reduced |>r ; ce of Fifty Dollars, duo -s'h of December next. Mares sent over thirty miles will be fed t.vo months gratis. Persons failing to get a colt in the Spring, will be allowed the Fall season gratis, if the mares are sent to ipy stable. All care will be taken to prevent escapes but no liabilities for either. * A- to Robin’s performances pn the turf, a rest rerep to the Stud Book or the Spirit of the Times, \> i l ] .j Vt v entire satisfaction. It is also due him to say tl ai his colts, so far as trials have been made, have be. i, - „v. passed by none in the United States. The season wll commence the first o” M a y|, -.nJ end the first of July. Z. WHITE 7 JNO. CROVt LLL. Jan. 27, 1841. 43 ts >..