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THE TIM ES * h union of .he stales CPLUMBIJS, APRIL 29, 18*l> From the Enquirer, of yesterday. COTTON. Bales Receipts, week ending/ijoiN 7 - - 694 Received previously - S-1,2'7 Tola! receipts ... - - 34.971 Total shipments ----- 31/03 Stock on hand - ‘ * 3.1 OS Received to April 4. 1840 ... - 47.716 Price 10 to 10j cents. The Young Men of the Democratic party, hold their Convention at Milfedgevillc on Mon day next. The Convention will be large and with the enthusiasm now prevalent in our ranks, we have no doubt, a course of policy will be pursued which will end eventually in lasting good to the country. Let ‘.heir be no faltering then, Democrats of Muscogee. I,e? every one who is selected as a Delegate, at tend tliio meeting. Let our own county be fully represented. Shall it he said that the nine hundred Democrats of Muscogee, shall not have a full voice in this Convention?— The following gentlemen have been appoin ted Delegates: John M. Bethunc, Esq. \V. K. dcGraffen- Teid, D. P. Ellis, John Quin, James Kellogg, F. A. Ncsbit, Esq. T. Everett, J. R. Jones, John L. liewis, Esq. John Sturgis, Hightower Thorn, Henry Kendall, jr. VY. YVade. YVe present to our readers to-day, the re port of the committee appointed to investigate the affairs of the U. H. Bank. Such a glaring instance of fraud and corruption, has never before been brought to light, in the annals of any country —yet the conductors of this insti tution, that lias prostrated the fortunes, and wasted the substance of the people—these men are the very individuals whom the Whigs would place in stations of trust and profit—in blllations where the funds of the people would be placed directly under their influence and control Could vve suppose that after having read this report, any rnan in sound mind, and good judgment, would propose to the people a re-chartering of tills reservoir of pollution, we would beg leave most respectfully to dif fer witn father Solomon, who pronounced that “there was nothing new under ths sun.” We wish every man who lias the prosperity and welfare of his country at heart, to read this report attentively, and then ask himself if he could conscientiously support any man or par ty, whose purpose it was to engraft upon the people the miseries which must and will fol low from the re-establishment of a U. S. Bank. The Races over the Western Course, com menced on Monday last The weather has been highly favorable, and every person who has attended the Course, delighted with the Accommodations and liberality of the propri etors. For the race to-day, three crack nags have been entered. Those who delight in the sports of the turf, will be amply repaid by a visit For the Times. Mb. Editor : I would suggest to my fellow citizens the urgent necessity of a close and impartial perusal of the Constitution of their country, which is (in my opinion) founded on the true and legitimate principles of Republi canism. Having originated by a delegated power of the people, it is the undeniable privi lege of the people to scrutinize all and every act—Executive, Legislative and Judicial—ol the Government True, men differ, and ever will, as to laws best fitted to govern a free people; yet the Constitution is the only chart whereby they can direct their course. As one of the people, I cannot conceive how it can possibly be constitutional for the Repre sentative body of the General Government to create an enactment, obligatory on the people beyond the time of their representative capa city. I not only have reference to a United States Bank, but to any enactment for a lim ited time ; but more especially, if the time lim ited extend beyond the time of the body rep resentative, as it would unquestionably come in collision with the true meaning of Republi can suffrage, and fetter both the minds and nets of future legislators in the representation of their constituents. Asa citizen of the Republic, I feel induced to protest against all such legislation. True, there has been men of worth and talent who supported a United States Bank ; yet such having been the case is no argument of the justness or the consti tutionality of the procedure, but merely serves as a precedent, and must inevitably fail under the test of constitutionality. I may be thought by some of my fellow-citizens presumptive, in arraying my judgment against men of more classical and profound information, yet, as a freeman, I would urge the maintainance of those views until confuted by stronger argu ments than mere assertions that are supported only by implication or construction. Would the body politic but scrutinize the Constitu tion, and the principles embodied therein, I candidly believe that their minds would revolt at all such aggressions on their rights, and no serpentine charms or delusions of the crafty would ever be sufficiently majestic, to turn this Republic’s fate in with any of the past.— Reader, guard well your right of suffrage, ere your liberties are manacled beyond retrievc ment. Why is it ? how is it ? that this tirade of calumny and abuse is still kept up by the public presses opposed to the past administra tion ? Surely it can be for no other purpose than to justify themselves in their perfidy, allay their smitten consciences, allure the wavering, ar.d delude the ignorant. Be not trammelled by the vain delusions of political aspirants ; but look ere vou step. A MECHANIC. The President has taken up his residence in the Mansion assigned to his official station, and, at the appointed hours, has received uis friends there during tire last two days. A mong the visiters whoyestarday paid their re spects to him were ex-President Adams and the Hon. Mr. Southard, President pro .'cm, oi the Senate, now on a visit to this city. Mrs. Harrison, junior, and her Sons, with Mr. C’oupeland and Mr. Henry Harrison, nephew and grand-nephew of the late Presi dent, still remain at the Presidential Mansion, Col. Chambers and Col. Todd left this city a few days ago.—Nat Intelligencer 17th insi. An excellent hit —We fin ! the follow ing good one in a New Orleans paper. —•• A talkuig match lately came ofi in this place for five hundred dollars a side. Ii continued lor thirteen hours—the rivals being a Frenchman and a Kentuckian. The bystanders and judg es were ail talked to sieep, and when they, waked up in the morning, they found b rerich man dead and the Kentuckian whispering in hit ear!” , YOUNG MEN’S DEMOCRATIC MEETING. At an adjourned meeting of the Democratic i Y oilng Men of Muscogee county, on motion, Mr. W. Wade was called to the Chair, and W. K. DeG raffenried appointed .Secretary. Mr. I). I’. Elii., Chairman of the appointed for that purpose, offeLyMw ii’.g preamble and resolutions, were unanimously adopted: Whereas, a call ha3 been made upon the Democratic Young Men ‘of the Stale ot Geor gia, to meet in Convention to ue held in Milledgeville, on the first Monday in May next, for the purpose of adopting measures for the advancement ot Democratic principles: And whereas, we have a strong and abiding confi dence in the truth and justness of the princi ples of the Democratic party, as set forth in the resolutions of the Baltimore Convention, and beiievmg that they are the only ones upon which this government can be equitably ad ministered—this confidence is strengthened by the reflection, that these principles were cherished and supported by a Jefferson, a Ma con, and very many other noble Fathers ol Democracy and equal rights, who only lived for their country’s good. Therefore, we deem it to be our duty, inasmuch as these valuable j and equal rights have been bequeathed to us i and our posterity, and for the good and perpe tuity of this Union, to tenaciously claim and 1 manfully defend them against the encroach- I merits of Federal power. I And although the Democratic party have j been deJeated in the election of. their Chie! | Magistrate, and the progress of the true State ’ Riedits doctrines mav meet with a momentary check from Federal Legislation, they may he stayed for a time, by the exercise by Congress, of powers not granted in the Constitution, and which were denied them by the framers of that instrument j yet we have a permanent and unshaken confidence in their ultimate suc cess. Be it therefore resolved, That we heartily approve of the object for a call of the Conven tion to he held in Milledgeville in May next; and bail the meetings Jieid throughout the State on t his subject as an earnest of the in creasing strength of the Democracy. Resolved, That we are opposed to tiro crea tion of a National Bank, because it is uncon stitutional, and therefore inexpedient; and in support of this doctrine, we quote the language of John Tvler, who said: “ Fur, sir, inasmuch as 1 bclicce the creation of this incorporation unconstitutional, 1 cannot, without a viola lion of my oath, hesitate to repair the breach thus made in the Constitution, 0“ when an OPPORTUNITY PRESENTS ITSELF OF DOING SO ! without violating the public faith. But be lieving also, that it is expedient to put it down, and other gentlemen feeling them selves at liberty to follow up that inquiry, I propose to express to you my views on that subject.” Resolved, That we are opposed to the levy ing a Protective Tariff, because we deem it unconstitutional, unequal and unjust in its op erations ; and in support of this doctrine, we quote the language oi John Tyler, who said: “ In the names of the great actors of that very edifice, [Faneuil Hall,j 1 invoke honorable Senators to pause, ere they decide that this grinding system shall receive no abatement. Its oppression, if that were the only circum stance, would be as nothing in comparison with the alienation of feeling which it has pro duced. What can compensate for the loss of affection on the part of even a single State in this Union? Flatter not yovrselves this is ex clusively a South Carolina question. No, sir, it is a Southern question. Every State on the other side of the Potomac feels alike interested in it ; nor labor under the morbid apprehension that to grant relief can produce the slightest ten dency to disunion. Do you seek to give perpe tuity to the Union, practice not injustice ; for, as certain as fate itself, they who sow injustice will reap iniquity.” Resolved, That we are opposed to the con struction of works of Internal Improvement, by the General Government, because such an act would result in injustice to one or the other section of the Union ; and in support of this doctrine, we quote the language of John Ty ler, who said: “ I was in that Congress which was the first to enter gravely into the discus sion of the constitutional power of this Gov ernment to make roads and canals. I then attentively weighed all that was urged by the advocates of the system—if system that may be called, which is none—and my decision was against them. Every subsequent reflection has confirmed the •opinion then expressed; arid the experience of the last six years lias satisfied me that, in its exercise, all that is dear and should be considered sacred in our institutions is put to hazard.” Resolved, That our motto ever has been, “measures, not men,” and believing that the action of the General Government should be Confined to a strict construction of the Consti tution ; and vve fear from the recent associa tion which has been formed between John Tyler, our present Chief Magistrate, and those who have always advocated Federal doctrines ami Federal measures, and the tone of his In augural Address, that he will renounce his Republican principles and approve of those to which he has always been opprsed. We therefore regret that he should take leave of those principles which had always found in him a zealous defender, and in his official ca pacity sanction measures which can only find for a support, the dangerous doctrine of “ a liberal construction of the Constitution.” On motion, the following gentlemen were appointed to select delegates to attend the De mocratic Young Men's Convention: Messrs. Ellis, Adams and Sturgis. On motion, the Chairman was added to the Committee. On motion, the proceedings of this meeting be published in the Democratic newspapers of this city. The meeting then adjourned, sine die. W. WADE, Chairman. W. K. DeGkaffenkied, Sec’y. The following is an extract of a letter from the Paris correspondent tit the Boston Courier: March 15.—After weeks of uncommon dul ness in the political world, vve have now more excitement than we have had before for the j last year. Even the Eastern question, and j the talk of war between England and France, ! did not make half the stir that, .he talk of war between England and America occasions at i this time. Mr. Pickens’ report, has made more I noise in Europe than it did in America, and however it may be denounced as a party docu ment, however inconsiderate and inappropriate it mav have been, however untimely its ap pearance, we all know it to be true. There are many tilings in it that might as well have been felt cut, and much that it was useless to say, but to Americans in Europe it is a paper of importance, and, however the English pa pers mav sneer at it, the report has hod its effect. The English government has altered it 6 tone, as will be seen by the Whig, and even the Tory papers; for aii the papers in London, in affairs where this country is con cerned, are of one mind. There is not that braggadocio tone to-day that there was last week, and now, instead of threatening war, the papers taik ot the lolly of it, and wonder that the Americans can wish it. I wish there was iialt the nationality in the American papers that there is in the English, and that, the lead ing papers would not give so much opportu nity as they do to foreigners to sneer at our government and at our institutions. Avery silly and bombastic article, from the New York j Express, concerning the report of Mr. Pickens, j is extensively copied into the English papers.! and; because it suits their view’s, every Eng lishman insists upon it that the Express is the most influential paper in America. Ev and by I shall begin to despise the American press a most as much as I do the press of France, which is neither governed by sense, nor honor,, j nor love ot country, nor even common justice i It is to he hoped that if we have war—and that i vve shall have it sooner or later k certain— 1 tie whole country will be ol one mind; that] we shall have no opposition, but that every j one, newspaper and all, will march, shoulder : to shoulder, and fight the country’s battles, j not only with the sword, but the pen. The pen is a powerful weapon—it it does not con quer the enemy in the right, it encourages the w arrior, and teiis him his duty, and iiow to perform it.* I kno.v, from good authority, that both the English and the French governments are frightened at the present aspect ot affairs. — Louis Philippe has said, within a week, that the Anglo-American questions gave him more uneasiness than he experienced last summer about the Eastern affairs —and with reason. If war is declared, the English will attempt to blockade the American coast, and that w:Ji in terfere with French commerce in a manner that the French people will not like ; Amer ! ican prizes will seek French ports for shelter ; and adjudication—a point which the English ! will remonstrate against, and a shelter which ; the French will insist upon giving ; the Lng i lish will claim the right to search 1* renen ves j --els for American property and /imorican cit | izert -, and this the French will not submit to. The consequence of tins will be, that in six weeks or two months, either England will de clare war against France, for protecting Ainei ican property, or Franco will declare war, tor insults and injury. In addition to ail this, the French army and navy are wide awake, and anxious for a fight, and if England and Amer ica go to war, a light they will have, and Lou is i’hiilippe cannot present it. There are many things that make France and America natural allies, and many things, spite of all reasoning on the subject, that do, and forever will, make England the natural enemy or ri val of both countries. McDonald and relief. Having now experienced to our hearts’ content, t.ie bitter fruits of “ Harrison and Re form,” and the ruinous consequences of “ YVe would not if we could,” let us turn away from ttie humbugs and gulltraps of the past, and rally to the standard of “ McDonald and Relief.” In view of his Message of the 14th of De cember last, imploring ol the Legislature “some act of Relief” lor a suffering people, and of the abrupt and unfeeling answer which he received trom those in power; who that feels for the distress of his countrymen, and beholds the wide-spread desolation which is sweeping like a pestilence through the land, and is not ready to sound the watchword of,* McDonald and Relief? Where is the rnan who can look upon the present condition of tiie people* pressed down as they are by the loss of a cotton crop, and the peculiar derangement ot monetary and business affairs, and have the cold hearted presumption to tell them it would be impossi ble to relieve them? or the reckless hardihood to declare that even if their necessities deman ded assistance, and it was in their power to grant it, they “ would not if they could?— Such men were found in the last Legislature ol Georgia, and a majority too, ol a party which had boasted its exclusive devotion to the interests of the people, and who came in to power upon the express understanding, that they would reform the errors ol Govern ment —relieve the people, and open a bright and prosperous day upon the country. How well they have redeemed their pledges, is to be seen in the accumulation of distress, and the ruin which now stares thousands in the face. They promised to revive the credit system —to foster the Banks, and make money plen ty. They promised to regulate the currency, and make good money lor the people, and what have they done ? They have closed up the Banks, d<*unged and depreciated the cur rency, and made money so scarce, that none can be borrowed.—The sheriffs and consta hies are selling out the people by wholesale, and there is no arm to save them. —Even the Genual Bank—their own institution, has been shut op against them, and they have been denied the use of-their own credit, in a time of tiieir greatest need , and all these ca lamities have been brought upon them by the unfortunate and deplorable experiment ol “ Harrison and Reform,” winch can be, and will be reformed, by the triumph ol McDon ald and Relief. The issue is made up, and is now before the country. The great jury of public opin ion is empannelled. The case stands upon the docket, McDonald anu Relief vs ‘We would r.ot if we could.’ —Ljeclment. And now “ to the law and the testimony.” In our next, the case will be argued by the counsel on both sides of the question. — Stan dard of Union. From the Pennsylvanian. New York Charter Election. —The i cit'd inn by the people of New York of Mr. Morris, late recorder of that < ity, to the office of Mayor, exhibits an exemplary triumph of honesty over corruption. Mr. Morris was re moved from office of Recorder, because, exer cising the duties of a committing magistrate, he did precisely that which lias always been practised by the police of New York, Phila delphia, and every other city in the Union— that is, he took possession of papers and ef fects going to prove the guilt of a criminal— We a.I ki ow that this is continually practi ed in reference to counterfeiters and other crim inals. ‘Phe W higs have never complained of it befoie, and probably never will again, unless another case shall arise of tlie expo sure of a fraud upon the purity of elections—a greater outrage, in the eyes of honest and in telligent men, than counterfeiting bank notes. ‘Phe papers seized by Mr. Morris con firmed the evidence of the importation ol ille gal voters into New York. Govenor Seward and his friends did not wish this to be proved. He therefore removes the Judge who would see that justice was done—a mr.n admitted by his political opponents to be of excellent talents and character. And who does he ap point in liis place? A Mr. Tailmadge, who it instated by two Whig papers ol’New York, |is a man of most profligate character. And ■ why does he appoint such a man ? Presn | mably, because he wishes a judge who will i suffer the guiitv pipe-Uvers to escape unpun ished. The Whigs a e great sticklers for the inde pendence ol (he judiciary. Cut here is the most audacious attack upon that indepen dence ever made in the United States, and hardly a W hig paper is found willing tn con demn it. Our Whig neighbor of the United States Gazette, who complains that the judicial office is not sufficiently independent in Pensylvania, has no words of censure of tins transaction.— Will he say that Mr. Morris was wtong in seizing the papers of the gully? Why then does he not condemn the seizure ofEidridge’s papers, and the other analagons instances of the practice of our “Whig police in Philadel phia ? The people of New York city, as we have mentioned, have done something toward the righting of this wrong by electing Mr. Mor ris as Mayor. May of the State of New York complete the execution of justice by re- j moving Govenor Seward and his pipe-laying ! subordinates, at the nextelectiom . From Florida. — We learn from a pas senger in the Gen. Clinch, Capt. Brooks, from PilatlfQ, that an express rider passing from Tampa to Fort Clinch, on the \Vihlacooche i river, was shot between Anutaiiga swamp and Fort Clinch. Two balls were found in j the mail bags which were brought in by the I horse, and first, by his presence, gave notice J of the attack. Id. Woodruff, 2d Infantry, died at Fort 1 Holmes a tew days since. J'totn iiuninalud. One ol started in construction to : be given to as main tained by the federal party, and repudiated by j the democratic party, is that of Expediency. YY ith such a doctrine the constitution is noth img and every thing. Let such a doctrine oe j admitted and prevail in this country and any j ! power wanted by any party at the head of the j 1 government, can logically be deduced, as ex- ] j pen lent, from the federal powers dg legated in the constitution to any of the three branches constituting the government, lysiich a doc trine be admitted, and such men as YYebster, Calhoun, Van Buren, Clay, and others of ] equally eminent talents, can,” by the logical j powers they possess, easily show, in the most i | plausible manner, the and of I ! course the constitutionality, of any power in- | : tended to be assumed. No other doctrine has ! ever been started hv the federal party, so de structive ot the constitution, as the one now under consideration. YY e have ever contended against this doctrine, and we shall continue to do so, especially at this time, when we find men who formerly repudiated it, have adopted and intend to be governed by it when holding the highest offices in the country. YVe stated in our paper of last Tuesday, that President Tyler won and, without the least hesi tation, sanction a bill for the charter of a na ; tionai bank. vV hat evidence had vve for such lan assertion ? YVe had the evidence of Mr. l’yler Himself, in his declaration made before and since his election. Before his election he declared, in the language of Gen. Harrison, that as Congress is vested with all powers necessary and proper to carry into effect the granted powers, lire incorporation of a national bank becomes necessary and proper, and of course expedient, in case those powers grant ed to Congress could not be carried into effect without resorting to such an institution. This is precisely the uoctrme advanced by Mr. Ty ler, and it is unequivocally tlie doctrine of ex pediency. And were vve not justified in drawing the conclusion vve did from his ad dress to the people of the United States, that he would find it—nay, that he had already found it— necessary and proper, and of course expedient, to charter a national bank ? Mr. Tyler is opposed to the sub-treasury. If Con gress repeals the act establishing that system, who will have the receipt and disbursement of the public money ! The State banks or a national bank. As the State banks have been tried as the depositories of the public money, and the plan completely failed, there is no other resort but to a national institution. But as the charter of such an institution involves a constitutional question, Mr. Tyler catches at the doctrine of expediency, in order to remove the constitutional barrier which actually exists to a grant of charter by Congress. The ques tion then that Mr. Tyler will have to decide, according to the position lie has assumed, will be the expediency of a national bank, and not the constitutionality or unconstitutionally of a charter. Aid the people of this country should anticipate how that question will be decided. Mr. Tyler has ingenuity enough to show most logically that the assumption of the power by Congress is expedient. If lie had not sufficient ingenuity, Mr. Webster is at hand, and no man is better able to give assistance to the President in such an under taking. The President has declared the charter of a national hank unconstitutional. He now de clares that if such an institution be found ex pedient, it becomes constitutional. To what lengths would such a doctrine lead, if admit ted in construing the federal constitution?— The constitution gives power to Congress to exercise all powers necessary and proper to carry into effect the general powers granted. Congress has power to provide and maintain a navy. It is evident that Congress possesses the nesessary and pr oper power to provide for the building of ships, to regulate their con struction and armament, and to organize the naval force in the most efficient manner. Such powers are necessary and proper, and must be exercised in order to carry into effect the gen eral power granted to provide and maintain a navy. Such powers are not expedient: but they are of absolute necessity, because, with out the exercise of them, there would be no navy. The power to provide and maintain a navy, is constitutional; the power to build ships is, of consequence, constitutional also. — Mr. Tyler has declared that the power to char ter a national bank is unconstitutional; but if found expedient, that power becomes constitu tional. The word expedient is not to be found in the constitution ; but Mr. Tyler says that if the power be found necessary and proper , it is expedient. Well; let us then adopt his con struction of the word. The power to charter a national bank becomes Constitutional, it it be ascertained to be proper and necessary, and of course expedient. Necessary and proper for what ? To carry into effect a general power constitutionally granted. Very well. YVhat constitutional power granted ? Let us open the constitution. Wiiat does this instrument say ? The Congress shall have power to Jay and collect taxes, duties, and excises, to pay the debts and provide for the common defence and general welfare of the United States. I; a national bank of absolute necessity to carry into effect this power ? Have not taxes, du ties, and excises been collected without the awenev of a national bank, or even of state banks? The Congress shall have power to borrow money, to regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the several states, and with the Indian tribes. Js a national bank of absolute necessity to carry into effect these powers ? The Congress shall have power to establish a uniform rule of naturalization, to coin money, to establish post offices and post roads, to declare war, &c. is a national bank of absolute necessity to carry into effect those powers? But, may say Mr. Tyler, the Con gress has power to provide for the general welfare, and it is expedient for the general reef are to charter a national bank. It Mr. Tyler adopts this expression of the Constitu tion, which has been the principal doctrine maintained by the federal party for every in fraction of tin's instrument, during Mr. John Adams’ administration, we shall have nothing to say; because such a construction of the constitution, with the doctrine ot expediency now maintained by the Preside;)', virtually renders that instrument as malleableas wax in the hands of those to whom the government is confided: the constitution becomes, as we said above, nothing and every thing. The recent report on the condition of the United States Bark, made by a committee of Stockholders, reveals some things that may well excite the fears ol the patriot, for the safety of Lis country, where a giant monied power, under the force of a national charter, can be converted into a machine to carry out its own end, without regard to the public ruin that must ensue. Think of the enormous sum of only four millions to Mr. Thomas Bid j die, the brother of Nick Biddle, once esteemed j a leetle the greatest man in the world. Bid ! die’s private cotton speculatians, to the a rnount of the Batik, and the officers generally from the cashier down indebted hundreds of thousands, and these sums, paid as far as paid at all, in depreciated or worthless stocks. It was surely time for this rotten concern* to go over board, being sunk by the weight of its own misdeeds, and for the country to see tjie beauties of its systems of financiering. Surely, the people, with their eyes thus opened, will | now seek to guard against having such a monied tyrant imposed on them perhaps, for ever. If true to themselves, they may still resist it. A Good Oxe.—A boy was asked, Does the Leopard ever change his spots?” “Oh ves, when he is tired of one spot he goes to an other.” 1 UNPRECEDENTED SWINDLING.— The Phil adelphia Enquirer, a whig paper, contains some curious developeuiems, in relation to the Bank of the United States, of Pennsylvania. An adjourned meeting of the stockholders, was held at their bank.ng house on the sth inst., when a report was read, made by a icominittee appointed by the stock holders at a previous meeting. Passing over me mass of details of active \ and'fijßjspendeo debts, the committee stated “tnaibnt a siuali proportion were regular mercantile transactions?” and the report sta ted that •‘under this heap, 43 individuals and firms owed upwards of $-20,000 each, 15 up- I wards of $50,0(H) each, and 9 upwards of SIOO,OOO each.” In another part, it was said mat 52 individuals had loans of more than | $20,000 each, and that four others had loans ! amounting to $560,000. The totals of the amount was named, and left a result 0f514,- 320,000, to represent $35,000,000. The rel ative states of the Bank were given, lor the years 1636—’39, and ’4l—on loans of $12,- 000,000, raised in Europe, there was a loss of more than $1,000,000, produced mainly, by the disadvantageous terms on which these loans were made. Mr. Jaudon received $7,000 per year, as Cashier, and when he was appointed agent in England, was allowed by the Bank, $5,- OCO for loss on the sale of iiis furniture, and more than SIOOO for the expense of himself and family m going to London. Twenty thousand dollars are said to have been paid to Barings—one thourand dollars a year'to Mi. Jaudon’s brother for his services. The sums for foreign agents’expenses up to IS4I, is estimated at $335,970. in 1837, the loans had increased more ilian $7,000,000, while ihe discounts had decreased, about $9,000,- 000. The report cites particular cases, in which certain ex-officers of the Bank had become indebted to the institution in very large a mounts. The history of the great cotton speculations of the Bank, were referred to In 1837, up to July, the amount advanced for the purchase of cotton, was $2,188,000, — in the first periods ol the great cotton specu lation, a profit was realized, but by the last shipments $900,000 had been lost. From March 1835, the power had in a great measure passed from the Directors in to the hands of the officers of the Bank, who formed themselves into a kind ol exchange committee. An ex-officer of the Bank had taken a loan 0f5500,000 of the Reading Rail Road, in his individual capacity, and the Bank had afterwards“ assumed the responsibility.” These are only a lew of the items of mis management, as gleaned from this report. — They show enough to satisfy any one that the institution lias been most outrageously managed—and yet this is the institution, which some of our whig politicians wish to see resuscitated by making it the basis of a Na tional Bank. They would take Ins broken down corrupt institution, as the fiscal agent of the General Government; the depository of the people’s money. If the directors and officers have not proved faithful in the man agement of a capital of $35,000,000, will they do so, with a capital of $50,000,000. We fear not, and are therefore unwilling to trust the money of the people in their hands. The Observer is as silent as the grave n bout these tin gs, and for him, no one would ever know that such tilings were. Wed he may he silent, and so should every man who ever had so little lionestv as to advocate such a swindling shop as the United Sthales Bank. SOLEMN PROVIDENCE. “Gut down and withered in ari hour!” Tire Boston Atlas of Saturday morning con tained the following notice of the intended voyage of its editor, Major llaughten, to Eu rope : “ Mr. Ilaughton, the proprietor and senier editor of this journal, will sail in the Acadia this afternoon for Liverpool. During his ab sence, he will leave the editorial department of the Atlas under the sole charge of Dr. Thos. M. Brewer, junior editor. The business trans actions of the office will also be conducted by Dr. Brewster, as his authorized agent and at torney.” The Boston Mercantile Journal of Saturday afternoon contained the following melancholy announcement: “Death of Richard IJaugiiton !—We have this day a melencholy dmy t.o perform : that of recording the death of our contempo rary, Richard Ilaughton of this city, the editor and proprietor of the Boston Atlas. At about 12 o’clock, while Mr. Ilaughton was making arrangements for his departure, and apparent ly in the possession of as much health as he had enjoyed for some months past, he was sud denly attacked with illness, probably appo plexy, and immediately expired. “Mr. Uaugton was well known as an able editor. In industry and enterprise he has seldom been equalled—his political knowledge was very extensive, and under his direction, the Atlas had exercised a great influence in matters connected with our state and national governments for several years. “Mr. Ilaughton had many warmly attached personal as well as political friends, for he possessed many qualities honorable to human nature —and Ins sudden and premature death, he being only about forty-five years old, will carry sorrow to many a manly bosom.” Major liar hton was originally destined for orders in the Episcopal Church, and his stu dies were dueled to that end. But he very early showed an inclination for political life, and during the latter years of Mr. Monroe’s administration he edited a paper in Washing. ton called the National Republican it was in the interest of Mr. Calhoun, when with him Messrs. Crawford, Adams and Clay were aspirants for the Presidentship. The National Republican died during the administration of Mr. Adams, and in 1328. Major 11. came to New York, and was for a period employed as an assistant in the office of the Journal of Commerce. Hence he removed to Boston, where he established the Atlas, about nine years ago. He was a gentlemen of very x-e ----spectabis talents and great enterprise—but an imprudent politician. It may be noticed as a striking coincidence, that tiie Atlas, on the very morning of the! most unexpected death of its editor, but a few hours before its occurrence, contained a dirge beginning: “ Weep! for the word is spoken— Mourn! for the knell is knciMeiJ-*. The master chord is broke l And the master hand is cod •” True, the ‘word’ had already been‘spoken,’ and before the sun was down, ‘ the master hand’ was ‘cold.’—X. Y. Com. Advertiser. Ms. Epsv’s Theory or Stoe.js —Mr. Ep sv, it appears from the foreign correspondence | of the Boston Courier, has succeeded in bring j ing his theory of storms before the members !of the Frencii Academy of Sciences. Jfe liad delivered his course of lectures to an audience composed of some of the most eminent philos ophers of France, when a committee was ap pointed by the Academy to make a report upon ‘he merits of his discoveries. The committee state that his lectures contain “an immense number of well observed and decisive facts,’’ and many new and ingenious views, deserving the attention of European meterologists.— They also regard the theory as admirably adapted to the advancement of physical geog raphy, agriculture and pilotage, and recoin-; mend the Academy to accord their highest ■ approbation to his labors. M. M. Arago. Bou- j illet and Cabinet were the members of the; committee.—X. Y. Evening Post. The first trial.— The bark Clarion, with j Errickson’s propellers, started from New York j on Wednesday, for Havana, with the power of; her propellers only, and, says the Journal of i Commerce, went down the hay, against wind j and tide, at the rate of about sin and a half j mile; an hour. The Bxtf.b Bit.—A good story is t* oHi chap in North Carolina who went the entire figure in the way of marrying all the girls who would have him, without waiting tor any of them to die off as the law directed. After hav ing married the thirteenth, some of his first loves carne down upon him and had him lodged in jail. But a person so fond of perfect liberty and who could get into Hymen’s not se with such ease, found little difficulty in getting out of the jug, and tiie next news of him iie was running at large with a heavy reward offered for his apprehension. He was shortly recog nized by a gentleman, who, anxious to get tiie reward, invited him to his house, desired him to sit down, and called his wife to chat with him as an inducement to detain him there, while he made some excuses for leaving a few minutes, and starting for a constable to arrest the runaway. What was the poor man’s as tonishment on returning with the constable, to j find that the gay Lothario, taking advantage of his short absence, had absconded with his wife ! This makes the fellow's stock on hand i fourteen ! A Good Resolve. —The following, among other resolutions, were unanimously adopted by a meeting of the Democracy at Tammany Hall, held alter the recent election of Mayor: “Resolved, That the triumph they have ob tained, on this important occasion, over their political opponents, by electing Robert 11. Morris, whose zeal and firmness had marked him as a victim, while it fills their hearts with patriotic and honest pride, has been achieved under circumstance which solemuv warn them to confirm the relaxed discipline of the Demo cratic party. “Resolved, therefore, That they pledge themselves, hereafter, to frown on every at tempt that may be made to divide the cham pions of Republican principles, and ever to sacrifice to the success of the noble cause they sustain, every personal or local view, in order that the whole strength of the Democracy i may always bear with full and undivided I weight, in aid ol the great principles of equal j rights aid of universal suffrage, unshackled by oppressive laws.”—Baltimore Republican- Another Insult. —How much longer is the insolence of Great Britian to he borne by the United States? How money more of our vessels will have to be searched, before a rep resentation is made and redress demanded by our Government? We have recently recor ded a number of instances of British cruisers overhauling American vessels and searchidg them, and we now have another to add to the catalouge. Captain Wyse, of the Leonidas, at this port from Rio de Janeiro, states that, on the 1 Dili of March, in latiiiude 6 30 S. lon gitude 35 47 W. he was fired into, and brought to, by the British sloop of war Rose, ihe boat sent on board, the paper demanded and examined, under the plea of supposition that she was a slaver. After detaining him fir some time, she was allowed to proceed. These repealed insults to lhe American flag are insufferable, and should be lamelv sub mitted 10. The free citizens of the United Stales never car. acquiesce in the right of search, on the high seas, unless they have lost the spirit of independence which anima ted their lorelathere.—Baltimore Sun. One of the new appointments is that of Bela Badger as naval officer of the port cf Philadelphia. This Badger is one of the veri est party hacks in the country, one of the least, scrupulous of his class, notorious even to in famy, the Philadelphia associate of Glentworth in the election frauds of 1838 and 1839 —tiie man who recruited the rogues employed to come on to New York and vote at, our elec tions, and who, according to his own confession, wrote the letters which appear in the Client worth papers, under the borrowed name of George W. Rhawn. It will he recollected that those letters speak of consignment of laired voters as a shipment of yarn, and that Badger admitted in his voluntary affidavit that he bad used this figure of speech to avoid de tection, if the letter should happen to fail into the hands of the other party. This fellow now is rewarded for his services on that occasion by a salaried office bestowed by Mr. Tyler. The next mail probably in forms us that James B. Glentworth is appoint ed postmaster of the city of New York, unless, perhaps, the fact of his being rather the hon estest man of the two should be deemed a disqualification.—N. Y. Evening Post. Circulars. —The present Federal Adniiu tration seems to have resolvt and to distinguish itself by issuing circulars. There is something of a mandatory nature in a “by authority” cir cular, however unnecessary or silly—some thing indicative of power ire an “order,” though it may emanate from a craven or simpleton.— But neither circulars, nor orders wili serve in this enlightened age, as a cloak lbr tyranny or political knavery. VVe publised some days since, a circular of the puritanicia, anti-pro scriptive cast, evidently designed to divert public attention from the removals being made to enable -the new Administration to comply with a portion of its promises to hungry ex pectants —and the two additional documents of that description v\ hicli follow these remarks, have the sam > object in view. The first is de signed to elicit testimony to justify the dismis sal of the principal men engaged on the public buildings at Washington. It is intended as a covert, while it is really a very open effort, at what may be regarded as political subordina tion of perjury, with a view to increase the patronage of the Executive, and necessarily his capacity to reward corrupt and uproarious partisans. In this service, Gen. Murphy will probably prove very efficient. The ether document, over the signature “of A. K. Parris, is designed to effect a double purpose—to elicit statements which may make a false impression in relation to the financial condition of the Government, by exhibiting a fictitious excess of disbursements over the revenue, and to draw forth statements on which officers may he falsely charge J with paying out money without authority. In other language, the new Administration is fishing for proof to sustain a charge already made, that the late Administration bequeathed an enormous pub lic debt to its successor. In terms yet a little p’airier, preparations are in progress for the i concoction of lies to sustain a he already ut tered and published.—Louisville Advertiser. | The oldest Republic on Earth. —The American (.£larieily Review coniains a let ter from G. W. Irving, Esq., giving a sketch of his visit to San Marino, a small republic in Italy, between the Appenines the Po and tiie ’ Adriatic. The territory of this state is only j 49 irules in circumference, arid ins population j about 7000. The republic was founded more I than 1400 years ago, on moral principles, in j dustry, and equally, and has preserved its | liberty and independence amidst all* the wars ! and discords which have raged arond it. Bo- I napurie respected it, and sent an embassy to , express his sentiments of friendship and Ira - lemily. It is governed bv a Captain Regent, I chosen every six months by the represenia li r cs ol the people, G 6 in number, who are chosen every six months by the people. Tl>e taxes are light, the farm houses neat, the fields well cultivated, and on all sides are comfort and peace, the happy effects of morality, sim plicity, liberty and justice. Mr. Irving was received by some inielligent citizens in the most hospitable and affectionate manner: they were delighted with him because fie was an American. They professed a profound attachment to our country, and look to it as the preserver of their own pure principles.— They were intimately acquainted with our institutions and affairs, and had a library well furnished with books and pamphlets relating to America. Men who stutter and stammer are often met with, but. who ever heard of a female af flicted with an impediment in her speech. Biographical Dictionary published IrT this country, with additions by Eleozar Lord, is the following article: “John Tyler, Govenor of Virginia, was e lected in 1608. He was one ol the leading Revolutionary characters of Virginia; was many years a member oi the House of Dele gates, and in 1781 succeeded Mr. Benjamin Harrison as Speaker. Atter being Govenor, he was Judge oi ti.e District Court of the U nited States lor Virginia, and died at his seat in Charles county, January 6th, 1833. He was simple in his manners, distinguished for the uprightness and fidelity with which be discharged his official duties, and enjoyed in an uncommon degree the esteem and con fidence of his fellow-citizens.” The Benjamin Harrison here spoken of, was the father of William Henry Harrison, the late President of the United States ; and the | John Tyler above mentioned, we take it, was the father of the present Tyler. It is a singu lar circumstance, that President Tyler’s fa ther should have succeeded President Harri son’s father in the office of Speaker of the House of Delegates in Virginia, and that his son, President Tyler, should suceed the son of Benjamin Harrison in the ofiice of Chief Mag istrate of the nation.—Providence Journal. Disease in silk worms. —Mr. Gideon B. Smith, the intelligent and ardent advocate of the culture of silk in this country, has ad dressed a letter to the Editors of the National Intelligencer, in which he states that bv an examination of some plates in a French jour nal he has just received, representing the different stages of the disease, called Musca dine, in silk worms, he is satislied that it is the identical disease which destroyed a great part of the silk worms in this country last summer. By the ravages of the disease in Europe, taking one year with another, the av erage loss oi worms has been from forty five to fifty per cent, per annum. lie announces a remedy and pre\ entive for tire disease, which is fortunate at this season, just before the preparations for tbe ensuing crop ns well as important in the incipiency of the culture with us. The remedy is the free application of air slaked lime to the worms, and also to the floors of the cocoonery, and whitewashing all the wood work of the fixtures. “The lime should be sifted through a fine seive on the worms two or three times a week, if healthy, and once a day if diseased, in the morning be fore the first feeding, and after cleansing the hurdles. The quantity of lime to be sifted o i the worms may he just sufficient to whiten the worms and loaves well; and it should be commenced when the worms are half grown, say twelve to fifteen days old. This remedy has, during the past two years, enabled those persons in France who used it to save and ob tain cocoons from ninety seven per cent, of ail the worms hatched.”—[Richmond Compi ler. The Second Thought. —The Cleveland (Ohio) Advertiser says, “In Ridgeville, Lo rain Cos. where Gen’l. Harrison received a ma jority of 17 in November, the Democrats have . now carried all their candidates for township officers, with one exception. Party lines were drawn, and a more warmly contested election was never held in that township.” Exploring Expedition.- By the arrival of the ship Lainanne, we have dates from the Exploring Expedition up to 21 of December, 1840- The Exploring squadron was lo sail lor the Norlli West coast, to survey the is lands in that (attitude; and it was expected they would return to lie U. States in May, 1812. ‘I he death ol Lient. llendetson and Midshipmen Wilkes, is spoken of as a great loss to tiie squadron, and they both arc much lamented. A funeral service was preached j on hoard the flagship Vineenness by Chap ain Eliiol.—N. Y. Express, 16th ins!. The most painful aspect in which Ihe recent disclosures as to the administration of th Bank of the United States can bo regarded, is that which shows their effect upon tlie inoral and commercial character of our whole com munity. They depict such an utter destitu tion of honesty in tiie discharge of high and sacred trusts, and they seem to involve so many of < ur heretofore chief citizens, that one’s heart shrinks in contemplating the shame and degradation lo which, in all other parts of our country and in Europe, they must sink the once honored name of Philadelphia. The reputation of a great city is the most precious property of its inhabitants. It is long in acquiring, and, when lost by signal and gen eral debasement, is hard, very hard, to recover. Every man’s position is affected by it; his means of activity and enterprize are abridged, if not destroyed ; he is discredited by the brand of his residence; the soul-satisfying pride of home gives place to a humiliating conscious ness of lowered cast; lie walks among stran gers, dreading that a finger will be pointed at him : and lie is tempted to shut himself up from all intercourse, because be cannot help despising those among whom his destiny has placed him, and whom the rest of the world have decreed to be infamous. Is there a sin gle individual in Philadelphia who has not felt j himself despoiled, by the flagrant misdeeds committed in the Bank of the United States, of his civic inheritance of fame and honor ? Talk of Baltimore as Mobtown, or of Vicks burg as the domain of .1 udge Lynch ; but what soubriquet importing pollution and crime do we now run the risk of having retaliated upon us? - And is there no avoiding or remedying this calamity ? There is but one course. The poison must be traced through ail its ramifica tions and info its most secret recesses; it must be resolutely expelled; and the men who have infused it into the system of the community should be indignantly surrender ed as the only fit objects for universal scorn. Let us not seem to love and to shelter the vi ces we so loudly disclaim ; if we do, we shall in vain plead for a charitable interpretation of our conduct. The Collector Besieged.—ls Mr. Curtis were not blessed with an equable temper he j would be unable to bear up with any degree | of patience under the trials to which lie is ex ! posed. From the moment at which he sits | down to his desk in the Custon House until i the hour when his daily duties terminate, he i- literally besieged by applicants for office.— j There is a constant human stream setting j from the door of his office towards his desk.— j If this were only a temporary annoyance it j might he philosophically borne, but it has con -1 tinned for three weeks, and “the cry is still I they come.” In vain he cries, with Macbeth, j “I’ll see no morethe line seems as though | it would stretch on to the “crack o’ doom.”— ; Wo understand Mr. Curtis has already re ’ ceived and filed away something like 7,000 i letters. More applications have now been i made by manv thousands than can possibly be I attended to. W o mention tins to show that I new petitioners have a slender chance, or, for | (he most part, no chance at all. Tins contin ued rush upon Mr. Curtis is inhumanity to him and of no benefit to them. —IN. V. rimes and Gazette. We are requested to state that the case of Gaines and wife, versus Chew & Relf, and others, came on for argument on Saturday last, before the United Spates Circuit Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana, Judge McKin ley and Lawrence presiding. The argument in this case, which involves some very impor tant legal questions, especially the sunremaev of the laws of Lousiana, will be resumed by Sir. Barton this morning, at 9 o’clock, to which time the Court adjourned; and we have no doubt that, from the notoriety of this case, the immense amount of property involved, and the eminent counsel, engaged on both sides, it will attract a large share of public attention.