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BY JAMES VAN NESS. PUBLISHED Even’ Thursday morning, in the “Granite Building,” on the corner oi Oglethorpe and Randolph Streets. TER M S : Suiuciuptiow—three dollar, per annum, payable .n advance three dolla.s and a half at the end of su months, or four dollars, (mall cases) where pay ment U not rn.de before tne expiration of the year. No subscription received for less than twelve months withoot payment in advance, and no paper discon tinued, except at the option of the Editor, until all arrearages are paid. Anv r.Hrist-MC.s rs conspicuously inserted at one dol* lar per one hundred words, or less, for the first in sertion, an 1 fifty cents for every subsequent contin uance’ Those sent without a specification of the number of insertions, will be published until ordered out, and charged accordingly. 2. Vevri-v Advertiskmehts. —For over 24 and not etcee Img 3> lines, fifty dollars per annum ; for over 12 and not exceeoing 24 lines, thirty-five dol lars per annum ; lor less ihan 12 fines, twenty dol lars per annum. 2. All rule and figure work double the a:>ove prices. Legal Advertisements published at the usual rates, and with strict attention to the requisitions of the law. All Sales regulated by law. must be made before the court house door, between the hours of 10 in the morning and four in the evening—those of .and in the county where it is situate; those of personal property, where the letters testamentary, of adifiih istra'i >n or of g.Mrdiamqtp were ob-a.ned—and ire requited to be previously advertised m some public gazette, as follows: S„chi res’ Sales under regular executions for thir ty days ; under mortgage ti fas sixty days, before the day of sale. Sales of land and negroes, by Executors, Adminis trators or Guardians, for sixty days before the day of sale. Sales of personal property (except Negroes) forty days. Citvtions hv Clerks of the. Courts ol Ordinary, upon application for letters of administration, must be pub lished foi thirty days. Citations upon application for dismission, by Exec utors. Administrators or Guardians, monthly for six months. Orders of Courts of Ordinary, (accompanied with a copy of the bond or agreement) to make titles to land, must be published three months. Nonces by Executors, Administrators orGtiardians. of application to the Court of Ordinary for bate to sell the I'lii l or negroes of an estate, four months. Notices by Executors or Administrators, to the debtors and creditors of an estate, for six weeks. SHERirrs’. Clerks of Court &c. will be allowed the usual deduction. Il f Letters on business, must be post paid, to entitle them to attention. Me DOUG ALD & WATSON, ATTORNIES AT LAW, I ,f Columbus, Georgia JOHN It. McFABLAN, ATIhIRAEV AT LAVE, Clayton, Barbour County, Alabama, WILL practice in the coimiies <>f Henry, Bar hour, Pike, Bussell aim Macon. April 22 _____ ~WM. RABUN SHIVERS, attorney and counsellor at law, COLUStEOS, 6‘a. Will practice ftf all the cumts of the Chattahoochee circuit, amt m the adjacent coTihtles in Alabama. March 4 4 3m fiqilK subscribers themselvesi li i the prdctiSe of LAW, will attend all the County Courts tot th’fe Chajialio‘6ch* </ircuit. aTfd the adjoining counties of Alabama. Olfice in Mclntosh lluw, immediately over Allen & Young’s Store. ALFRED IVERSON, June 14. Iftf J. M. GnERRY. W . G . -M • DAVIS, atToiineV a’t law, Apalachicola, Florida. PRACTICES in the Courts of the Middle an* Western Districts, and tfi’e fjo'urt of Appeals It err: its to Hon. J. S. Calhoun. John Fon t Esq. and S. R. Bonner, Esq., Columbus Georgia. 40-s'2t. f MARK iHHU-misjneil will attend tnthe PRACTICE H. OF LAW. in the name of JONF.S & BEN DING,in most of the counties of this Circuit, and a few of tint ad joinin': counties ol Alabama, their Olhce will be found near the Oglethorpe House. SEABORN JONES. HENRY L. BENNING. Sept. 16.1839. 33 if Vj. 11. PLATT, ATTiMNKY AT LAW, ICutliVrt, Randolph County, Georgia.) ntT'il.t, promptly attend to artv busm -ss entrusted to his citre tit the co titles of Stewart. Mari on Randolph, F.artv. Decatur, Bak tot. Lee, Sumter, Macon and Ooulv,Geoigia, and Russell and Barbour *4'Alalbath'a. iiF.fEtiF.ti'CF.A : Cohimbits lion. T. F. Foster and Colonel John Banks. . j. _ Lexington!—Joseph HetVry I umpkirt,- Esq. H. P. Hardeman', Esq'. Lewis J .Dupree and George F. Platt. Washington—Hon.Garnett Andrews. Macon—tint. D. C. Campbell, Jerry Cowls. Esq. Forsyth—Messrs Dunn & Martin Thomastnnf —John J. Carey. Esq. T. B. Bethel. Apalachicola, Flo'.—William G. Porter, Esq. Charleston, S C.—William Harris. New York. —Messrs. Collms, Ivcese & Cos. March 11 Tift. TAYLOR HAS removed his olfice to Preston’s Row, a few doors East of Preston’s Corner,where he may generally be found, unless when professionally engaged 8 Feb 9. 1 ,f RtiftfOVAl* DU. JNO. J. B. HOXKY, has removed his of fice to the room over the store of T. A. Bran non, a few doors above Tavlor and Walker’s, and nearly opposite Col. John Banks’ Drug Store. Jan. 12. 47 ts C. B. BARRETT, PRACTITIONER OF MEDICINE ANII ST'RfiERY OFFICE at his residence, corner of Forsyth street, two doors from Dr. S. Boykin, where he may always bes ound unless professionally engaged Feb. 17, 2 4t DR. C. P. HERVEY, ntxru surgeon, ESP EOT FULLY announces to the citizens of Columbus and its vicinity, that he has taken an office on the corner of Broad and Randolph streets, directly over the store of Mr. L. J. Davis. Ooct. H. offers his services to the public as bemw able, in most cases, to save entirely such decayed and aching teeth as thev bow fear must be extracted His success in soothing and finally saving litany valu able teeth, in an extensive practice in many cf the Northern and Southern cities, has been so deemed that he invites the public to call, confident that he can, under his skill as a Dentist, be useful to them. He will cleanse, plug and insert teeth, either singly or in entire sets, m a manner to be not only beautitul and natural in their appearance, but to combineease ; n wearing with strength and durability. He will also cure intlamation and soreness of the gums, giving them a healthv action which will improve the breath and taste. Hours front 9 till 1, and from 3to 6. April 15 THE MUSCOGEE INSURANCE ( O \ A RF, now ready for the transaction ff business.— A. Office over William A. Redd & Oo s. store. DIRECTORS: JON WARREN. JOHN PEABODY, GRIGSBY E. THOMAS, THACKER B-HOWARD E S GREENWOOD, KENITH M KINZIE. E. S. GhU.MUKB, joHN BANKS, President. Matt. R. Evans, Secretary. 17 2 ts MEDICAL. . BT SC H L V will continue the practice ol Me ilictne, -Surge y, &c. Office a* he old stand of Chiph-v St Sobiev.on Broad Street. Jill v -23 1840. ___ DOCTOR SCHLEY HVS removed his office to the buildings on Kan dolp'i street, known as McKeen’s row. April 29 ’ ~DR R. W. WILLIAMS, Respectfully t ui-rs i. professional services to the citizens of Columbus and #■ For the piesi ut k , .ay be tound at Dr. gchlev’s office. 10 4t Columbus. Aprn 1$ THE COLUMBUS TIMES. SYNOPSIS OF Ms. CALHOUN’S REMARKS AT MARION ON THE 3d INST. Mr. Callioun, upon being introducod by Col John Erwin, said, —Gentlemen, Ido not intend to make a speech, my object in addres sing you, is merely to state in as brief a man ner as possible my opinions as to tbe cause that have lead to the present embarrassment, —that if particularly lelt in the southern sec tions of *ur country: VN hv is it that you, who export from 40, to 50 million dollars worth of cotton annually, and who have a population of 6,000,000, and hall of which is slave properly, —you who export one liall'the products that leave the shores of our country, are thus embarrassed ? It is in some degree, caused by the workings of the Tariff, it com pels you to pay lor that you did not receive; under it one por’ion of the people bear the burden of taxation, while another )>ortion are in a great measure exempt from it—it may be illustrated bv this simple process, there are (pointing to a table before him) a number of waters in this box, say thateach wafer rep resents a dol ar, there are uine persons seated around the table each of whom agree to place a water, (which represents a dollar) in a pub ic I'tmd for the benefit of all; the five who constitute a majority of ihft whole, say “ we will appropriate this money for the public ben efit,” they accordingly vote down the lour and use the money to build rail roads, canals &,c; this process goes on to the end of the year, each ntay then ask I lie other “ how much have you ol the taxes that have been paid into the treasury,” one will answer nothing, another nothing, until it goes round, to the last man who may have been be tie (i tied by tbe dis bursement. Thus you see my friends by this simple illustration, how one person may be benefitied by an unequal system, while the great mass will be injured ; and this is exact ly the manner in which the tariff'works—a. system that compels you to pay 252 1-2 of the 45 millions of government revenue, this is one of the Causes that has assisted in producing the present state of things; to remove this evil, Congress must lay an export duty on produce and abandon tbe prestnt system, a system that oppresses you for the benefit of others.— If lh6 south had a custom house of her own, a great portion ol’ this unjust tax would be saved to her; her imports are now received through a Channel that adds toil an addilion al burden. In respect to a National Bank, there are not where I live, one man in five who would vole for it it'the question Were placed direct ly before him, unless ft Werb located at the south. But is thesouth prepared to be flood ed with paper money, that would be intrinsi cally worth nothing/in p'ayfneftt for her great staple, cotton? HnW is it,'vVhileyour $105,- 000,000 of cotton cannot perform one of the functions necessary for money, that paper which has no intrinsic value, is received in payment lor that great staple j this paper money which is received as an equivalent lor that great staple; this paper money which is received as an equivalent lor your products,- and which has usurped the place ol gold and silver, is another of the causes that has led to the present distress. Originally there were but three Banks in the country, one at New York, one at Philadelphia, and one at Boston, —Alexander Hamilton, in direct violation ol a positi'.’ law, iceeived the notes of these Banks in payment of duties; do you not see how this operated on the south? The New York/ Philadelphia, and Boston nieichants, win) had Bank facilities could pay their impott duties in the paper ofa Bank while the south ern hYefclVaiits had to pay in gold or silver.— The north now get vour money by taxation, they gel it by distribution, and they would get it through a Bank, by which they would be beiieffttetf, hr the manner before spoken of; the live would vote down the lour, and we would be compelled to submit to it. Every bale of cotton you make Weighing 500 pounds,* Wobld be Virtually in tne absence of all Banks, a bill of exchange for $45, and would command the premium you are com pelled to pay upon paper ; are you aware how much of this $45 is absttacted out of your poCkets by these various schemes, without your being one dollar better by it? Col Joint Erwin here rose and remarked, that he felt assured Mr. Calhoun would an swer with pleasure, and interrogatories, hav ing relation to the important questions ol pol icy that are now before the Country, and that atFeci us all more or less in our various pur suits. The question was then asked, “ what would produce relit! to the country.” Mr Calhoun replied, your only rdief is in the great staple of your country, cotton. Here lie was rtquested to state while on that subject, the principal causes that led to the present einbai rassment, and whether lie thought a National Bunk would relieve the eountnl. Mr. Calhoun. —The only way to get out of debt and relieve youselves from your pres ent difficulties is by paying it. The whole couulry is burdened with debt and it must be paid ; the south is the great field from where the money must come, to pay this debt. The west bring to your maikels, horses mules, and hogs—the east imports annually info your markets !*>20,0U0,000 worth of merchandize —your cottou, your tobacco and rice, must pay ibis tremendous debt, to do this you must exercise industiy, frugality and econniy, a general forbearance should he exrcised by all interested ; Alabama and Mississippi are per haps, as much in need of this forbearance as any other States in the Union. If this course is (pursued and quackery is not substitute ! for proper legislation, at the end of two years from this time the country will be in as heal ihv and prosperous a condition as it ever was. If I am not mistaken the south has as fair a prospect before her as she ever had, the disease is not deeply seated, the patient is young, and all he wants is rest; medicine at this crisis will only tend to reduce him still fur ther; of all quackery, in my opinion, quack ery in legislation in the worst. in answer to the second query, I would say a United States Bank cannot relieve the em barrassment under which the country is labor ing; men who have the most political influ ence would have the entire control ot such an institution , it would draw the specie necessa ry tor its capital from every section of the country, it would cause capital from every sec tion of the country, it would cause a continu al process ol’ drawing from your cisterns, to fill the principal cistern, which would be loca at New York or I*l* ladelphia. lam therefore of opinion, that no good to the country can grow out of a United States Bank, nn the con trary, I believe if there was not a paper dol lar in the United Stales, we would be bene fitted by it; property would not have that fic titious value, that paper gives to it, you would then sell your produce for what it is intrinsi cally worth —gold and silver. The facility, with which paper money can be made, leads to speculation and ends in commercial revul sions, such as we have recently witnessed.— 1 would here state however, that I do not be lieve anv power exists in the country, by which paper money could be entirely abol ished. . , The Tariff of 1822, drew out of the avails of the industry of the south, thirty-five of the sixty-four millions ol dollars, which were pakf into the treasury, when the aclul wants ol COLUMBUS, GEORGIA, THURSDAY MORNING, MAY 20, 1841. the govet nitjeut dtd not require ten millions, and how did this operate? Why, it was taking from the side of the lour and placing to the credit of the five in the vaults of a Bank the revenue of the country; they borrowed ti from the Bank, and at this crisis every thing but the goverment lands were advancing in price* they were fixed at $1,25 per acre and could not advance. This sixty-four million of revenue, enabled the five who had Bank facilities to speculate in public lands, while the four, or the minority who paid a large share of the revenue, could not obtain one dollar of it. Tha system of taking money from the pockets of the four and placing it in the United States Bank, where it could be obtained by the five and used lor purposes of speculation, went on until it had created Bank capital to the amount of forty millions of dol lars ; and if it had not been stopped in lime, every acre of our public domain would have gone into the possession of speculators, and all that you would have had lor it, would have been dollars. It is proper for me to say, that I believe the same results would have taken place had the deposites remained in the U. States Bank. I have been a close observer ofthisspstem tor 14 years and I was almost as well acquainted with its workings at that early day us lam now. I saw the evils that would inevitably result to the country from it, and I felt it to be my duty to resist it. The system is now prostrate and 1 hope it may never be received. We have now no funded debt, no connec tion with Banks, no Tariff to protect the in dustry of one section of the country by taxing another; and the question now is, whether or not, a system is tc be revived that will again prostrate the country. Mr. Calhoun was here asked to explain the manner in which the Sub-Treasury operates. Mr. Calhoun.—The Independent Treasury is nothing more nor less than the separation of the banks from the government; it requires that duties shall be paid in gold and silver, and officers are appointed by the government to carry out its provisions. Instead of placing the public treasury nearer the President titan it is in the vaults of a bank, it actually removes it further from him: it is necesssary, before one dollar can be drawn out, that a process must be gone through, in which some five or six officers each take a part, and the law makes a violation of duty on their part a Peni tentiary offence, while on the other hand, if the revenue were deposited in a bank, it would be subject to the control of the President and his dependants, and those who had sufficient political influence to obtain a charter for it.— The matter is so plain that 1 deem further explanation unnecessary. Money Article of the New Yory Her ald on a National Bank. —“As the period approaches for the extra session of Congress, the leading points of national debate are in creasing m interest. The question of a Na tional Bank will cause much excitement from the desperation and violent struggles of those wfio hope to benefit by it. It is undoubtedly true, however, that the opponents of a Bank are rapidly and daily increasing in numbers. The anti-Bank feeling among commercial men was never S6 strong and so general as now. It lias become evident to all those who are desirous of a uniform and steady currency, that the creation of a National Bank is not the way to attain to it; on the contrary, it will infinitely increase the difficulty of attaining it. Indi vidual enterprise and competition on a specie basis are by far the best regulators of the ex changes. An infinite deal of absurdity has been published by the advocates of a National Bank. It has been gravely advanced by the organ of a Bank clique,’ that the National Bank is to operate as a regulator of exchange, Lv be ing itself regulated by the exchanges, w hich are to be governed by the extent of the real business of the country; that the Bank is to be governed by the rate’ of bills at each point, and not to make it. A bank with an overshad owing capital is to come into market and mo nopolize the whole exchange business, which is to give it the reins f Government over all other banks, and then pretend that it does not make the rate. If the bank creates the mar ’ket, and is the only buyer and seller, of whom is it to ascertain the rate ! The experience of the past ten years has proved tliac the amount of exchange business growing out of the real business of the country, depends altogether upon the action of the monopolizing bank.— It 1,000,000 bbls. of flour are shipped from O hio, thereby, at $5, furnishing a basis for $5,- 000,000 of exchange, this amount will be taken by the branch of the bank as the real business of the country. If, by the operation of the mother bank and its co-operating branches, prices are raised violently, as they were by the United States Bank from 1830 to 1834 * the flour becomes worth $lO per barrel, and there is predicated upon it $10,000,000 of ex change, growing out of the real business of the country. Prices of goods sent into the interi or undergo a similar inflation, and the ex changes are still equal until the increased pri ces, as formerly, get above the control of the bank, foreign exchanges become suddenly af fected,’ and specie goes abroad, involving the ■whole in bankruptcy. There is now more bank capital in existence than can be employ ed profitably. If more is created, it must mo nopolize and wind up a large proportion of that which already exists. This, in respect to ma ny of the States, will involve bankruptcy, State liability, and taxation, with its numerous train of evils. The struggles of the new bank for existence must involve the ruin of many oth ers, which, in their turn must oppress dealers and merchants. From the LotrJoti Court Journal of April. Fashions fo;i the ensuing Week—Di rect from Pauis. —The change of fashions so looked torward to form the fete ofLongchamps has not been so remarkable as might have been anticipated, in consequence of the inclem ency of the weather; indeed, many of our lair cleganteesslillkeepto their winter habiliments; vve may mention, however, that the reign of scarts is entirely established, whether it be lor the promenade or for the evening dress, the only difference being in their texture. For the former they are pollute desoie, both black and colored, and of the latter, of light gauze or blonde. There is a great degree of uniformi ty in the present fashion: the hat, the dress, the scarf are all velvet, and of the same shade. Several of the dresses are ornamented with brandenbomgs, or rows of buttons, with gimp trimming crossing from one row to another, forming a sort of ladder over the bust, and sometimes going down the skirt. The corsa ges are still worn flat, and the sleeves remain much the same as they have been for the last two or three months. For evening dress, the corsage is made pointed and very long. The upper part is ornamented with folds, and the sleeves, which are very short, have engage antees, which fall below the elbow. For vis iting dress, pink leaventine is much in vogue, the bottom trimmed with three tucks, bound with fringe; over the neck, a scarf of the same. Rose color veloursepingle is also much worn in dress. For full dress, skirls of tulle illusion are also worn, trimmed with an em broidery of chenille in colors. The same or nament is placed on corsage and sleeves. Virginia has furnished seven Presidents of the United State*! THE UNIOX OF THE STATES, AXD THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE STATES. From Kendall’s Expositor. A SHORT SERMON. Text.— Six days shalt thou labor and do all thy work.— Exodus xx, 9. My Fellow-Men : This is the command of God ! It is a part of the fourth command ment in the moral code given by God through Moses. In the Bible, the whole command ment reads thus: “ Verse 8. Remember the Sabbath Day to keep it holy. “9. Six days shall thou labor and do all thy icork. “ 10. But the seventh is the Sabbath of the Lord thy God ; in it thou shall not do any work, thou nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy man servant, nor thy maid servant, nor thy cattle, nor the stranger that is within thy gates; “11. For in six days the Lord made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and resied on the seventh day; wherefore the Lord blessed the Sabbath Day and hal lowed it.” By the preaching you generally bear, you may have been led to suppose that this com mandment makes but a single requisition upon you, and that is, to “ remember the Sabbath Day and keep it holy.” But a little attention to the language of commandment must satisfy you, that in effect, it is a double command ment. It commands you to work six days, just as imperatively as to rest on the seventh. Look at it; “3. Remember the Sabbath Day to keep it holy. “9. Six days shalt thou labor and do all thy work.” How can a command be given in more plain and imperative language? “Six days shalt thou labor,” not six days mayest labor— not six days mayest tnou spend in idleness and waste of thy time in unproductive folly. Six days SHALT thou labor lbr the good of thyseif, thy iamily, thy country, and thy race: I exact from thee only one day out of seven, but I command thee to labor the other six for the subsistence, the oomlort, and the happi ness of mankind. That this is the meaning of the text is clear, not only from its language, but from its his tory. God himself worked six days befoie be rested one. “ For in six days the Lord made the heaven and the earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested on the seventh.” The commandment is founded on this exemple set by the Creator himself. The first part of that example is SIX DAYS LABOR ; the rest on the seventh teas but a consequence. He com mands man, therefore, to do precisely vvhat lie did liimself—WOßK SIX DAYS AND REST ON THE SEVENTH. Long before this commandment was given, man was doomed to labor, as a part ol the penalty for his first transgression. “In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread,” said God to Adam, Genesis v, 19, “ till thou return unto the ground.” And St. Paul said, long afterwards, 2 Thessa lonia ns, iii, 10, —“ This we command you, that if any would not work, neither should he eat.” Thus we find that man is DOOMED to work; Rat he is Commanded to work; and that he ought to have nothing to eat if he WILL NOT work. “In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread,” said God to Adam. “ Six days shall thou labor and do all thy work,” said God io Moses. “He that will not work, neither should be eat,” said Paul to the Tliessalonians. Our country is not wanting in preachers of Rest; but where are our preachers of Work? How many sermons have we upon man’s duty to rest on the seventh day, but how few oil his duly to work on the other six! Yet, it may well be doubted, whether more moral eviis do not flow from breaches of the working part of this commandment than tiie resting part. Nav, do not gospel preachers themselves promote disobedience when they lead off men and women during the six days from their ordinary occcupalions befoie they have “done all iheir work ?” “ Six days shad ti.ou labor and DO ALL THY WORK.” There can be no escape from this command until all the work be done ; and he who ad vises man or woman to leave his work undone, even for purposes most praiseworthy under other circumstances* counsels him io disobey a direct command of ihe Almighty. But the evils arising from a breach of the commandment under such circumstances, are but an atom compared with those which spring from the efforts of men to live ivithout work. Man is doomed and commanded to WORK. The world is filled with misery, violence, and crime, by perpetual efforts to escape his doom in definace of the command! Y\ ould every man he Content to labor six days in Seven, how much better would be his health, how much more happy his family, how much more prosperous his country! For attempting to escape his doom, and lor bidding definance to the command ol the Almighty, he is cursed in his health, cursed in his family, and cursed in the troubles of his country. Did the evils fall upon the individual transgressor only, they Would not be so much to be deplored ; but it is necessary for those who live without work to get their subsistanee out of the labor of others. Humble and honest men, who cheer fully submitting to the doom ol lLeir race and obeying the command, are content to work in their various avocations upon the land and the sea six days in the week, are grievously taxed to feed the rebels against God'S authori ty who refuse to work. Grievous impositions are practised upon the true and obedient children of the Almighty in as many ways as th e first great Rebel can invent. One puis a crown on his head and tells them lie is author ized by God to dispose o 1 their property, la bor and lives, according to his own will. He takes their substance to feed and clothe him self aft'd family, his officers and armies; he compels them to sacrifice their lives in eon quest or plunder of oilier countries lor the gratification ot his vengeance, ambition, or avarice. Others deck their heads with tiaras, coronets and stars, and make the people work to keep them bright and feed and enrich the haughty wearers. As the mass of mankind advance in knowledge, it becomes necessary to disguise under ingenious contrivances the process by which the products ol their labor are taken from them for the support and emolument of those who reluse to work.— The blasphemy of claiming a right to govern *■ by the grace of God,” is no longer heard , but still the world has monarchs “who can do no wrong.” One of these goes to war; the public “honor” and “safety” require that he shall have money to carry it on. Perhaps, not being able or willing to raise enough by taxation, lie borrows a thousand millions of dollars, and then the “Public Faith” requires that the interest and principal shall be paid. If fte borrows so much that payment of the principal becomes hopeless, vet, “Public Faith,” taking the place of the “ JLvine right of Kings,” from generation to generation slaves the families of those who obey heaven's command to icork six days in the seven, tor the support of those who will not work at all ! \Ve will not follow this chain of reasoning, lest we should seem to tread on what may be considered “ holy ground ßut we beg our readers to consider, how much better would have been the condition of our own country if all our people had beeti content to obey the command—“ Six days shalt thou labor and Jo all thy work,” instead of resorting to so many exped t ins to live ivithout work 7 How many have lost all they lad and made themselves and families miserable through life by specu lations entered into for the purpose of enabling them to live in idleness? What but this has caused the public distress of which tve hear so much ? What else lias almost banished punc tuality and moral honesty from the transac tions of individuals aqd corporations? What else lias created such bitter strife between man and man, and generated the agitation, profli gacy, and crime which now stalk abroad in the land? Does any suppose that human legislation can cure the evils produced by a violation of God's commands 7 Vain expectation! If suc cessful in putting bread into the months of those icho will not work, human law-makers ca n effect it only by taking it out of the mouths of those who do. It would be relieving those who set at nought the laws of nature and of God, at tiie expense of the humble and honest men who yield them a practical obedience.— There is a better and more just mode of relief. It is FUTURE OBEDIENCE TO God’s COMMANDS. Let every man hereafter, instead of applying to the Legislature of his State or to Congress for relief, labor six days in the week, and do all his work! Misery will vanish like the mists of the morning, and complaint will no more he heard in the land. Let the Legislatures and Congress, when asked to put bread into the mouth of idle ness, say to the petitioners as St. Paul did to the Tliessalonians, first epistle, i, 11, 12: “11. And that ve studv io he quiet, and to WORK WITH YOUR OWN HANDS, as we commanded you. “12. That ye may walk honestly towards them that are without, and that ye may have lack for nothing.” And again, in his second epistle, iii, 10, 11. “10. For even when we were with you, this we commanded you, that if any would not work, neither should he eat. “11. For we hear that there are some which walk among you disorderly, working not at all , but are busy bodies.” And let the preachers of the gospel be ad vised to orive more attention in their preaching to the DOCTRINE OF WORK. i hey mav assured, that one of the best ways io per suade men to rest on the seventh day, is to induce them to icork the other six. Let them impress on their hearers their obligation to keep the commandment as a whole. It is a double cordi and they cannot divide it without weakening its binding power and salutary effects. Mr. Lippencott’s Letter. —This letter opens to us some more of the secrets of the Bank. What he says of the manner of get ting up reports of Committees is worthy of deep consideration. At the termination of each half year a Committee was appointed to look into the condition of the Bank and report what profits had been earned and what divi dend ought to be made from those profits.— The reports of these Committees have always been considered by the public as documents of great importance. They have certified the condition of the Bank and the oharactei of its business. Upon their credit the slock lias been bought and sold, —lias risen or declined. All persons having interest in the Bankinany way, have felt secure if only the report of tiie dividend Committee was favo.able. The Committees well knew how great interests were trusted to these reports,'and how neces sary it is to the security of property and main tenance of good faith, that they should be certainly and exactly true. What did these Committees, under responsibilities so weighty? According to Mr. Lippencott they Certified a statement drawn up handsomely by a clerk, the Committee going into no investigation and knowing absolutely nothing at all, whether the statements which they certified were true or false. More than this, the circumstances known to the Committees must many times have left a strong suspicion on their minds that the document was false. What confi dence can the public put in Bank reports after this; and what confidence in names of great respectability, if such names are so affixed? We need not stop to pronounce condemnation on Mr. Bidilie. His character is sinking to the lowest point. Mr. Lippencoit is respect able enough to be told that the expression, “If I have inadvertently committed an error here,” is not the confession which the public think an honorable man ought to make under such circumstances. The announcement that the vouchers for the $618,000 were destroyed, shows a degree of villainy which we hardly expected. What deeds of crime were recorded in these vouch ers, that their destruction would screen the perpetrators? Whose names were written on those vouchers? Are they names high in office and influence? Certainly we have a right and are obliged to infer, that the very worst use was made of this money. Did it all go the way of the $52,000, and to purchase men whose names cannot be mentioned?— The public have a deep interest in this matter, whether they own bank shares or not; and certainly the stockholders ought not to rest until they know where that large sum went to. The clerk who kept the vouchers, prob ably know-; and it cannot be difficult to learn at least the outlines of the matter.—N. Y. Journal ol Commerce. Yankee mode or testing courage.— lt is well known that in the time ol the old French war much jealousy existed between the Brit ish and provincial officers. A British Major deeming himself insulted by General (then captain) Putnam; sent him? a challenge. Put nam, instead of giving him a direct answer, requested the pleasure of a personal interview with the Major. lie came to Putnam’s tent, and found him seated on a small keg, quietly smoking his pipe, and demanded what com munication, if any, Putnam had to make. - “Whit you know,” said Putnam, “I’m but a poor miserable Yankee, that never fired a pis tol in my life, and you must perceive that it we fire with pistols you have an undue advan tage of me. Here ‘are two powder kegs, 1 have bored a hole; and inserted a slow match in each, if you will be so good as to seat your self there,'i will light the matches, and he who dares to sit the longest without squirming, shall be called the bravest fellow.” The tent was full of officers and men, who were heartily tickled with the strange device of the “ old wolf,” and compelled the major by their laugh ter and exhortation to squat. Ti.e signal was given, and the matches lighted. Putnam con tinued smoking quite indifferently, without watching at all the progressive diminution of the matches—but the British officer, tliough a brave fellow, coukl not help casting longing and lingering looks downwards, and h;s terrors increased as tire length of the matches dimin ished. The spectators withdrew, one by one, to get out of the expected explosion. At length, the fire was within an inch of the keg, the major, unable to remain longer, jumped up, and drawing out bis match, cried out, “Putnam this is wilful murder ; draw out your match ; I yield.” “My dear fellow,” cried Putnam, “don’t be in such a hurry, they’r nothing but kegs of onions !” The Major was suddenly missing, having sneaked off. A NATIONAL B \NK. The advocates of a National Bank contend for theest iblishntenl of such an institution, on three grounds of necessity—lst, as a fiscal agent to government; 2d, as a regulator to the currency, and 3J,as an engine lor equal ising the exchanges; and they appeal to ex perience to prove that these great functions ot a bank, have been perlbinted well by a na tional bank, atul only so when such an i isti union was in existence. The opponents of a hank take up the issue as presented, and also appeal to experience to prove that a bank has not performed, is in its nature incompetent to peiform these functions and duties of an equalizer of exchanges or a regulator of the currency, and is not necessa ry as a fiscal agent to the government. ‘Of thesl yeajs of our national existence,” says the New York Review, ‘ 40 have beet) passtd will) a national bank, and 12 without one; viz: two previous to the establishment of the first U. S. Bank, from the 4tl of March, 1789, to same date, 1791; and interval, secondly,of 5 years from the termination of the first char ter 4th March, 1811, to the 10th April, 1818, and lastly, a period also of five years, from the 10th April IS3G and the termination of the late charter, to the present time.” From the condition of the currency and exchanges at these different periods, the writer in the Re view serves up a complete argument drawn from experience in a national bank. The New York Evening Post has ably re plied to the argument, of winch we now svail ourselves, as it is the argument of nearly all the friends of a bank in the southern States. The old bank of North Amenta went into operation in the winter of 1782. The whole amount of capital paid in, according to Robt. Morris, was §70,000- “All the assistance it rendered to the government,” says the Post, “could have been given by any State bank with equal privileges, while upon the commu nity it produced the usual effects of banking. Before the middle of 1785, it had Caused a great profusion of money, followed by a corresponding scarcity, a few were made rich, but many were made poor; and unceasing fluctuations, usury, speculation, depression and extensive bankruptcy came fast in its train. So apparent and so great were these evils, that in less than four years from the time the bank commenced business, petitions were sent about to procure a repeal of its charter. A committee ofCongress investigated the abuse, and Congress itself, by a solemn act in Sep tember of 1785, sustained the charges of the petitioners and decreed that the bank should no longer exist. Such is the teaching of ‘ex perience 5 on the first ht?ad. The next bank was the bank of the United States, created in 1791. That it was of some service at tlfe lime might be admitted, but it is not true, as the reviewer states, that its his tory is one of unqualified benefit. The vices inseparable front the existence of such an institution displayed themselves throughout its whole career, ft 1 failed’ in Controlling the local banks, which sprung up like musbroohs in all parts of the country, and indulged in the same practice of alternate expansion and contraction which has so disastrously marked their more recent course. It tailed m provid ing a uniform and adequate currency, for in many states, particularly at the east, the cur rency was debased and Worthless, h. lailed’ in equalizing the exchanges, since the ex changes at several periods were as high as they have been at any one time since. There were fluctuations then as there are now, fluc tuations in currenCy, and fluctuations in prices. There were embarrassments in trade then, as there are now, embarrassments extending to all kinds of commercial enterprises, and even to the affairs of the bhnft itself. There were speculations and bankruptcies then, as there are now, nt many instances aggravated by the unwise policy of the banks. No stronger proof could be required that the bank failed to have a beneficial effect upon the currency, than the neglect of its friends to recognize that effect in their arguments put forth during the existence of the bank. Indeed it is a re markable fact that in all the discussions of that day, ils pretentions as “a regulator,” (the great point of its present advocates,) wete scarcely ot ce mentioned. Neither in the speeches or reports of its friends or its enemies is it treated in that ca pacity. The whole contest turned upon ils necessity as a fiscal agent. This was the bur den of Hamiltoti’s great report; it was the burden of the popular speeches, of the news paper essays; Gallatin when Secretary of the Treasury, confined bis praises to its uses in assisting the government, and-in rite long and discursive debate that look place in Congress on the repeal of ils charier in I'BlT, hardly a syllable was breathed, gti we can find, in re gard to ragulating the currency or equalizing the exchanges. When the'constituti naliiy of the bank wa'S denied how was it defended? By the clause that gives Congress the power to regulate commerce —upon the grounds that Mr. Webster and the friends of the bank as sume now—by urging its functions as a regu lator of the currency ? Not at all. Hamilton lias but two or three sentences on those heads; Gallatin has none; only a few of the speakers in Congress touched upon them, and tha I only iucidently. A bank then was estimated as an appendage to the Treasury. In tins charac ter, in the outset, it was shoved through Con gress, and in this character mainly, it was defeated. Now, had the bank been of suCh vast benefit to the country as its present friends allege, would its friends at that day who seem to ransack the earth for arguments in its Support,' lirfve failed to insist upon the point? Would they not have shown these advantages ? w mild they not have appealed] to their own experience, and given “oecular demonstration” of so important a quality. The truth is, that the whole doctrine about regulatiag currency, is an after-thought. In troduced by the late United States Bank, when its monstrous ambition to controll all the do mestic exchanges of the na lion, had made it convenient. Here the ‘history’ of the reviewer, Very wisely for himself, slops; hut our history has some knowledge of another national bank, fi is of that late bank which was heid up by its admirers as a model of all that was excel!’ m in banking. What has our experience of it taught ? It began in January of 1317. Although a nominal resumption of specie payments was made by the banks, in the February following, the currency was very much extended. The extension was greatly increased by the bank, which forced its own notes into circulation with unprecedented rapidity and encouraged enormous issues on the part of the local banks. When the excess had produced a vast expor tation of specie, it sought to bring it back, not by reducing the currency, hut by forcing im portations. In July of *BIB, when its circu lafion amounted to nine, and its loans to forty millions, a revulsion commenced. Its embar rassment continued to increase; and in 1819, we are told bv Mr. Cheves, who was then ap pointed President, it was hourly expected to stop payment. But by a rigid contraction it saved itself at the expense of the community. A complete prostration of business and pri ces was the result: and scenes of unexampled VOL. i. no. M suite-ring and distress marked this, its first at . tempi “to regulate the currency.” Another specimen of its regulating powers, was given in the fall of 1825, when, according to the testimony of Mr. Biddle before the Committee of Congress, the nation and it were saved from ruin “by his hurrying to New \ ork, and prevailing on a gentleman to accept certain drafts.” The source of this national peril may be seen in the fact, that in two .yeas ] revious to July of fS2S, the circulating’ ot the bank had increased more than 105 per cent, and during the six months previous mope than 65 per cent. In the beginning of 182S there was another commercial revulsion, arising from disorders of the currency, which the bank, su far Irom preventing, aided in aggravating. The deposites were removed in 1533, and in 1834 there was S’ universal panic, which the hank did nothing to allay,’but fliutfh ttfin-’ flame. During the year 1834 (lie bank enlarged its circulation about 34 per cent, and the unpar alleled distresses of 1835-0, were the Conse quences. _ , We thus .find an institution, whose chief merit is said to consist in its power of regula ting the currency, itself both the cause°and victim ol perpetual fluctuations. Twice du ring the period of its” highest vigor, it has been on the point of failure i repeatedly has it been reduced to the most degrading shifts to sustain its credit; commercial Crisis have followed upon the heels of each other in quick succession; instead of restraining, it has ever encouraged other banks in their wildest ad ventures; and its whole jiistorv is a proof of its complete and inevitable subjection to the same influence, that make other banking insti tutions the curse of the nation. 1 he following picture of the present condi tion of the once beautiful and flourishing Isl and ot St. Domingo is turnished in a letter from a French naval officer r “ We embarked on board thefrigage Ne reide, on the 24th December. On the 28th we arri\ed at Port Royal, to receive orders from the Admiral who despatched us on the 29th to St. Domingo, where we were to take on board the five million of francs which the Consul General had informed us were ready. We have been three days at anchor in this famous republic, and all that I can say to you of the misery of the people,’ will scarcely suf fice to give you an idea of it. “ 1 h ave been every where, and every where have seen nothing but degradation and cor ruption. Men in rags compose the army and exhtbit a most ludicrous masquerade. Caval ry on foot, manoeuvre like horses at the word ot t otnmand, trot, gallop, &,c. Both officers and soldiers are without shoes ; one has spurs tied by a cord to his naked feet, another has made himself spurs with a piece of iron drove into a wooden sole tied to his foot, and ono whole company which I inspected minutely, had not a single musket which would go off. ‘Fite officers in rag's ask charity. “ Islothtulness, poverty in its most hideous forms, and,’ in the negro,’ it is most hideous—- alone meet your eye at the town of Port au Prince. Ihe fields are overrun by brambles, logwood trees, and the rapacious lichens which obstruct .the roads and destroy the old planta tions. \\ ith the exceptions of a few gardens which are here and there cultivated by the negroes—gardens lar inferior to those of our worst slaves—there is no cultivation what ever. 1 lie only product of the island is coffeej and that every year diminishes so materially, that the time is not far distant when it will produce none at all; No more is planted, and the old plantations are not even taken care oh 1 he owners gather the crops from their own fields, in the midst of briars and Weeds—no laborers being to be had, the one not being willing to work for the other.” United States Bank—The late PhiJadel pma papers contain the proceedings of the ad journed meeting of the stockholders of the Bank of the United States on the 4th inst. i lie committee appointed at the previous meeting reported that they were not able to propose any definite plait of operation, and sta ted that they would endeavor to be ready at another adjourned meeting on the 18th inst— Anangeinents had been made to secure the city banks for the amount of post notes held by them. 1 Ins course was severely censured by some of the speakers. Messrs. Eyre and Lippmcott presented reports in reply tp Mr. Biddle, which were read, but no action was had upon them. Ihe reply of Mr. JLippincott w ill be found in another column of this papers Can Mr. Biddle answer in a satisfactory man ner the additional light thrown upon the sub ject by Mr. Lippincott. Our readers cannot fail to contrast the style of Mr. Lippmeotfs letter with that of Mr. Bid dle’s ; the plain, unvarnished statements of the one, with the ingenious sophistical, atid unsup ported allegations of the other. Mr. Lippin cott’s defence reems to flow from a conscien tious belief in the rectitude of his official conJ duct; Mr. Biddle’s defence and attack appear to have originated in the belief that his was in deed a bad cause,- and it required all the tal ents arid ingenuity he possessed to defend it* —Constitutionalist. A young lady having borrowed a diction ary, was asked upon returning it, how she liked it. She replied, “ The words are truly* beautiful—but 1 don’t think touch of the story.” “ A munificent providence has made ample provision for the whole human family, Bntthe unequal and unjust distribution of his bounties by his children, make countless thousands mourn.”—Governor Morton. It is a very pleasant thing to possess the good will and respect of the world about you j but it is infinitely better to possess that inward consciousness of rectilude and honor which can carry the soul through a furnace seven times heated in the fires of adversity and sor row. Sunset. —Beautiful is the dying of the great sun; when the last song of the birds fades into the lap of silence ; when the islands of the clouds are bathed in light, and the fust star springs up over the grave of day.” Good Advice. —Obey the voice of those who love; be affectionate to flume who beg you with tears to forsake every false way, and be willing to yield the feeling of your hearts to the control of no bad passion, but to the dic tates of prudence and wisdom and depend up on it you will be blest through all the days of your life, and peace and happiness will crown them at their close. I NDUSTRy.— lndustry prolongs life. It can not conquer death, but can defer his hour; — and spreads over the the interval a thousand enjoyments that make it a pleasure to live.— As rust anddecay rapidly consume the machine that is not kept in use ; so disease and sick ness accumulated on the frame of indolence, until existence becomes a burden and the. grave a bed of rest.