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BY JAMES VAN NESS. PUBLISHED Every Thursday morning, in the “Granite Building,” on the corner of Oglethorpe and Randolph Streets. TERMS: Subscription —three dollars per annum, payable in advance, three dollais and a half at the end of su months, or four dollars, (in all cases) where pay ment is not made before tne expiration of the year. No subscription received for less than twelve months without payment in advance, and no paper discon tinued, except at the option of the Editor, until all arrearages are paid. Advertisements conspicuously inserted at one dol” lar per one hundred words, or jess, for the first in’ sertion, an I fifty cents for every subsequent contin uance’ Those sent without a specification of the number of insertions, will be published until ordered out, and charged accordingly. 2. Ye Alter Advertisements. —For over 2d and not exceeding 33 lines, fifty dollars per annum ; for over 12 and not exceeding 24 lines, thirty-five dol lars per annum ; lor less than 12 hues, twenty dol lars per annum. 2. All rule and figure work double the above prices. Legal Advertisements published at the usual rates, and with strict attention to the requisitions of the law. All Sales regulated by law, must he made before the court house door, between thehours of 10 iri tne morning and four in the evening—those of land in the county where it is situate ; those of nersonal property, where the letters testamentary, of adrmn- Htration or of guardiaasqip were oV atne<l—and are requited to be previously advertised in some public gazette, as follows: Sheriff*’ Sales under regular executions fr thir ty days ; under mortgage ti fas sixty days, before the day of sale. Sales of land and negroes, bv Executors, Adminis trators or Guardians, for sixty days before the day of sale. Sales of persona! property (except Negroes) forty days. Citatioss bv Clerks of the Courts ol Ordinary, upon application for letters of administration, must be pub lished sot thirty days. Citations upon application for dismission, by Exec utors, Administrators or Guardians, monthly for six months. Orders of Courts ofOrdinary, (accompanied with a copy of the bond or agreement) to make titles to land, must be published three months. Notices by Executors, Administrators or Guardians, of application to the Court ofOrdinary for leave to sell the land or negroes of an estate, four months. Notices by Executors or Administrators, to the debtors and creditors of an estate, for six weeks. Sheriffs’, Clerks of Court. &c. will he allowed the usual deduction. O’ Letters on business, must be post paid, to entitle them to attention. J. RANDOLPH, OF ROANOKE. From a volume of Sketches now prepar.ng for the press, by the author of Clinton Bradshaw, &c. Great wits to madness nearly are allied.” 1 remember sortie years since to have seen John Randolph in Baltimore. 1 bad fre quently read and heard descriptions of him, and one day, as I was standing in Market, now Baltimore street, I remarked a tall, thin, unique looking being hurrying towards me with a quick impatient step, evidently much annoyed by a crowd of boys who were follow ing close at bis heels, not in the obstreperous mirth with which they would have followed a crazy or drunken man, or an O'gan grinder and his monkey, but in the silent curious won der with which they would have haunted a Chinese bedecked in full costume. I instantly knew the individual to be Randolph front the descriptions. I therefore advanced towards him, that I might make a full observation of his person without violating the rules of cour tesy in stopping to gaze at him. As lie ap proached, tie occasionally turned towards the hoys with an angry glance, but without say ing any tiling, at.d tlten hurried on as if to outstrip them, but it would not do. They followed close behind the orator, each one ob serving bun so intently that lie said nothing to his companions. Just before I met hint tie stopped a Mr. C—, a cashier of one of the banks, said to l>e as odd a fish as Joint him self I loitered into a store close by, and un noticed, remarked the Roanoke orator for a considerable time; and really lie was the strangest looking being l ever beheld. His long thn legs, about as thick as a strong walking cane, and of much such a shape, were encased in a pair of small light clothes, so tiirlit that they seemed jrart and parcel of the limbs of the wearer. Handsome white stock ings were fastened with ge.t tidiness at the knees by a small gold buckle, and over them coming Jabout half way up the call, were a pair of what, I believe, are called hose, coarse and country knit. He wore shoes. They were old fashioned, and fastened also with buckles —huge ones, lie trod like an Indian, without turning bis toes out, but planking them down straight ahead. It was the lash ion in those days to wear a fan-tailed coat, with a small collar, and buttons far apart be hind and few on the breast. Air. Randolph’s was the reverse of this, anti instead of his coa t being fan-tailed, it was what, we believe, the knights of the needle call swallow-tailed r the collar was immensely large, the buttons be hind were in kissing proximity, and they sat together as close on the breast of the gar me at as"the feasters at a crowded public festival.— His waist was remarkably slender; so slen der that, as he stood with his arm a kintbo, he could easily, as I thought, with his long bony lingers have spanned it. Around his coat, which was very tight, was held together by one button, and, in consequence, an inch or more of tape, to which it was attached, was perceptible where it was pulled through the cloth. About his neck he wore a large white cravat, in which his chin was occasionally I harieii as he moved his tiead in conversation; no shirt collar was perceptible; every other j>erson seemed to pride himself upon the size of his, as they were then worn large. Mr. Randolph’s complexion was precisely that of a mummy, withered, saflron, dry and Wood less; you could not have placed a pin's point on his lace where you would not have touched a wrinkle. His lips were thm, compressed, and colorless; the chin, beardless as a hoy's, was broad for tlte size of his face wh ; ch was small; his nose was straight, with nothing remarkable in it, except perhaps it was too short. He wore a fur cap, which he took off, standing a few moments uncovered. I ob served that his head was quite small, a char acteristic which is said to have marked many ‘men of talent—Byron and Chief Justice Marshall, for instance. Judge Burnet, of Cincinnati, who has been alike distinguished at the bar, on the bench, and in the United States Senate, and whom I have heard no less a judge and possessor ot talents than Mr. • Hammond of the Gazette, say, was the clear est and most impressive speaker he ever heard, has also a very small head. Mr. Randolph’s hair was remarkably fine —fine as an infants, and thin. It was very long ami was tied be hind with a bit of black ribband about three inches from his neck; the whole of it formed a queue not thicker than the little finger ol a delicate girl- His forehead was low with no bumpology about it; but his eye- though sunken, was most br.lhant and startling in its glance. It was not an eye ot profound, but of impulsive ami passionate thought, with an expression at times such as physicians de scribe to be that of insanity, but an insanity which seemed to quicken, not destroy, intel lectual acuteness. I never Itehekl an eye that struck me more. I: possessed a species of fascination, such as would make you wonder over the character of its possessor, without linJing any clew in your wonderment to dis THE COLUMBUS TIMES. cover it, except that he was passionate, way ward, and lea:less. He lifted his long bony finger impressively as he conversed, and ges ticulated with it in a peculiar manner. His whole appearance struck me, and I could ea sily imagine how, with his great command of language, so appropriate and full, so brilliant ami classical, joined to the vast information that his discursive oratory enabled him to ex hibit in its fullest extent, from the storehouse of which the vividness of his imagination was always pointing out a happy analogy, or hit ter sarcasm, that startled the more from the fact that his hearers did not perceive it until the look, tone, and finger brought it down with the suddenness of lightning, ami with its effects, upon the head of his adversary; taking all this into consideration, I could easily imagine hmv, when almost a boy, he won so much fame, and preserved it so long and with so vast an influence, notwithstanding the ec centricity and inconsistency of his life, public and private. By the hve, the sudden, unexpected, and aphorislical way in which Randolph often expressed his sentiments had much to do with hts oralorial success. He would, like Dean Swift, make a remark, seemingly a compli ment, and explain it into a sarcasm, or he would utter an apparent sarcasm, and turn it into a compliment. Many speakers, when lltey have said a thing hurry on to a full ex planation, fearful hat the hearer may not un derstand them; but when Randolph expressed one of these startling thoughts, he left the hearer for some time puzzling in doubt as to what he meant, and, when it pleased him, in the coolest manner in the world he explained his meaning, not a little delighted if he dis covered that his audience was wondering the while upon whom the blow would descend, or what principle the remark would be brought to illustrate. A little anecdote which I heard a member of Congress from Kentucky tell of him, si ows ibis charateristic. The Congress man, on his first visit to Washington, (he had just been elected,) was of course desirous of seeing tiie lions. Randolph, though not a member of either house, was there, and had been daily borne into the Senate or House by his faithful Juba, to listen to the debates.— Every body, noted or unnoted, were calling on ihe eccentric orator, and the member lrom Kentucky determined to do likewise, and gratify his curiosity. A friend, General , promised to present him,. saying though, “ You must he prepared for an odd reception, for, if Randolph is in a bad humor, he will do and sav any tiling; if he is in a good humor, you will see a most finished gentleman.”— They called. Mr. Randolph was stretched out on a sola. “He seemed,” said the mem ber “a skeleton, endowed with those flashing eyes which ghost stories give to the re-ani mated body when sent upon some earthly mission.” The Congressman was presented by his friend, the General, as a Member of Congress from Kentucky. “ Ah, from Kentucky, sir,” exclaimed Randolph, in his shrill voice, as he rose to receive him, “from Kentucky, sir; sir, 1 consider your State is the Botany Bay of Virginia.” The Kentuckian thought that the next remark would he a quotation from Barrington’s Botany Bay epilogue, applied by Randolph to the Virginia settlers of Ken tucky, *• True patriots yre, for be it understood, We left our country, tor our country’s good but Randolph, after a pause, conimued : “I da not make this remark, sir, in application to the morals i<r mode of settlement of Kentucky. No sir, 1 mean to say that it is my opinion, sir, that the tmte approaches when Botany Bay wif in all respects surpass England, and I tear it will soon be so with regard to your State and mine.” 1 cite this anecdote not for any peculiar pith that it possesses, but as an illustration of Itis character, and in proot of the remark above made. If Mr. Randolph had lived in ancient times, Plutarch, with all- his powers in tracing the analogies of character, would have looked in vain for a parallel. And a modern biographer, with all ancient and modern times before hint, will find the efforts fruitless that seeks Ins fellow. At first, the reader might think of Diogones as furnishing some resemblance to him, ami that all that Randolph wanted was a tub; hut not so if another Alexander had asked him what he would have that imperial power can bestow —the answer never would have been a request to stand out of Itis sun light. No, Randolph, if he could have got no higher emolument and honor, would immedi ately have requested to he sent on a foreign mission; that over, if Alexander has nothing more to give, and ivas so situated as not to be feared, who does not believe that the ex minister would turn tail on him? The fact is, that Randolph was excessively ambitious, a cormorant alike lor praise ami plunder; and though his patriotism could point out the disinterested course to others, hts love of money would not let hitn keep the track himself—at least in his latter years, when Mammon, the old man’sTiod, beset him, and he turned an idolaior to that for which lie had so often expressed his detestation that his countrymen believed him. His mission to Russia broke the charm that the prevailing opinion of his disinterestedness cast about him, and Itis influence in his native State was falling fast beneath the appointment and outfit and salary that had disenchanted it when he died; and now old Virginia will forget and forgive these inconsistencies of one of her greatest sons to do reverence to his memory* To the Editor of the British Press. RETURN UF THE JEWS TO THE HOLY LAND. Sir: For the informuuoi*of such of your readers as sympathise with the Jews in their present dispersion, and who desire their resto ration to the land of their fathers, l herewith send you extracts front a German newspaper, which “betoken a movement among tiie con tinental Jews, in relation to the late crisis in Syria,” as the editor remarks: “We have a country, the inheritance of our fathers, liner, more fruitful, belter situate, for commerce than many of the most celebrated portions of the globe. Environed bv the deep delled Taurus, the lively shores of the Euphra tes, the lofty steppes of Arabia, and of rocky ’ Sinai, our country extends along the shores ol the Mediterranean, crowned by the towering cedars of Lebanon, the source of a hundred rivulets and brooks, which spread fruitfulness over shady dales, and confer wealth on the contented inhabitants. A glorious land! sit | u:ue at the furthest extremity of the sea which i connects three-quarters of the globe, over | which the Phoenicians, our brethren, sent their j numerous fleets to the shores of Albion and the rich coasts of Lithuania, near to both the | Red sea and the Persian gull ; the perpetual courses of the traffic of the world, on the route from Persia and India to theCaspianand Black sea, the central country of the commerce be tween the east and the west. “Every country has Us peculiarity—every people their own nature. Syria with its ex tensive surrounding plains, unfavorable to reg ular cultivation, is a land of transit, of com ! munications, ot caravans. No people on the earth have lived so true to their calling from the first as we have done. We are a trading people born for the country where little food is necessary, and this is furnished by nature COLUMBUS, GEORGIA, THURSDAY MORNING, JUNE 3, 1841. almost spontaneously to the temperate inhab itants, but not lor the iteavy soil of ihe rude uorth. “In no country of the earth are our breth ren so numerous as in Syria, in none do they live in as dense masses so independent of ttie surrounding inhabitants; in none do they per severe so steadfastly in their faith in the prom ise of the lathers, as on the beautiful shores of the Orcutes. In Damascus alone hve near 00,000 “The Arab has maintained hts language and his original country; on the Nile, tit the deserts, as far as Sinai, and beyond the Jor dan he feeds Itis flocks In the elevated plains of Asia Minor the Turcoman has Conquered lor himself a second birthplace of the Osman; but Syria and Palestine are depopulated. — Fot centuries the battle field between the sons of Altai and of the Arabian wilderness, the in habitants of the West, and the half nomadic Persians, none have been able lo establish themselves and maintain their nationality; — no nation can claim the name ol Syrian. A chaotic mixture of all the tribes and tongues —remnants of migrations front the north and south, they disturb one another in the posses sion of the glorious land where our fathers for so many centuries emptied the cup of joy and wo—wtiere every clod is drenched with the blood of our heroes when their bodies were buried under the ruins of Jerusalem. “ The power of our enemies is gone, the angel of discord has long since mown down their mighty host, and yet ye do not bestir yourselveS, people of Jehovah ! What hin ders? Nothing but your own supineness. “Think you that Meheniet Ali or the Sul tan in Stamboul! will not be convinced that it would be better lor him to he the protector of a peaceful and wealthy people, than with infin ite loss of men and money, to contend against the ever-repeated, mutually provoked insur rections of the Turks and Arabs, of whom neither the one nor the other are able to give prosperity to the country. ‘Our probation was long, in all countries, from the North Poie to the South. There is no trade, no art, which we have not practiced, no science in which we cannot show splendid examples. Where will you find better pro claimed of civil zaiion to the wild tribes of the East f “People of Jehovah, raise yourselves from your thousand years’ slumber! Rally round leaders; have really the will; a Moses will not he wanting. The rights of nations w.li never grow old; take possession of tl.e land of your fathers; build a third time the temple of Zion, greater and more magnificent than ever. Trust in the lord, who has led you safe ly through the vale of misery thousands of years. He, also, will not loisake you in your last conflict.” Tnese extracts show that the Jews are ex horting one another to return to and take possession of their father land, now that their God is ‘drying up the waters of the great riv er Euphrates;’ to prepare a way lor them, by the combined forces of Turkey acting a gainst the Egpytians, as predicted in Daniel xi., 40-43,* ltev. xvi., 12. For this is llie year ordained of God for re instating the descendants ot Abiaham, Isaac and Jacob, in llieir own land, no more to be dispossessed of it by the Gent iles. (Jer. xxi. 14, 15.) And when returning', God will give them the tabernacle, and the ark, and the al tar of incense, which lie commanded Jeremi ah to hide in a hollow cave in Mount Nebo, when their ancestors were going into captivi ty in Babylon. For ‘tlten the Lord shall show them those things, and the glory of the Lord shall appear, and (lie cloud also, as it was shown unto Moses, as when Solomon de sired that the place might be honorably sanc tified.’ See 2 Mac. ii., 1-8. From the subjoined calculation, drawn from scriptural data, it is obviously proved that the year 1840 terminates the ‘2 300 days.’ or vears, ordained by God tor giving the Jews over to the Genliles, by them to be trodden under foot for the Iranoression of the daily sacrifice.’ (Dan. viii., 13, 14; Luke xxi., 20, 24.) We may, therefore, expect the Jews to ‘he received into mercy,’ in their own land, this present year 1841, and to commence re building their cities and the temple as in for mer years, as predicted in Jer. xxxi-, 31—40. Ex. xxxvi., 24-38, xxxvii, and as spoken of by themselves in the extracts I send you.— And ‘then shall the sanctuary be cleansed,’as predicted in Dan. viii.. 14, (some say in 1843.) According to Dan. x. 24, those 2,300 days, or years, begin 70 weeks, or49oyears, before the death and resurrection of Christ, 490 years. From these 490 years deduct the natural life ol Chris', 34 years. And it proves that these 2,300 days or years began B. C. 456 years. To these 456 years add 1840 years and 4 years for the error of the vulgar era, in all 1544 years, 1,844 years. And you have the number of the days, or years, of the vision, 2,300 years. This subject receives aJdi ional three and interest lrom ihetbllowing extract from a Liv erpool publication of December last: “With such anxiety are he Jews regarded by the different Cabuiets of Europe, that it is upon Utis issue, who shall possess the land which God gave to their forelathers? That the ques iton of peace or war now depends, and their return to Palestine, under the guaranty of the Allied powers, lias been suggested as the most effectual mode of preserving peace a mong the nations. ‘The] dry hones’* are be ginning to shake, and appearances bring the words of the Psalmist to our minds; ‘Tlmu shall arise and have mercy upon Zion, for the time to favor Iter, yea, tliesettime is come, for thy servants lake pleasure in her stones, and favor the dust thereof-’ If these observations be found to accord with divine Revelation 1 the present position of the Jews not only presents a most interesting object lor contemplation, but must also lead everv serious inquirer to admire the watchlul ness'ot” Jehovah over this ancient people du ring the lapse of so many ages, and at the same time to awaken the attention of profes sing Christians to the great events that must vet precede, and shall foilwv their restoration to the land of their fathers, recorded in Ez. xxxvi, xxxvii, xxxviii, xxxix, l uke xxi, 24- 28 ; Rom. xi- Yours, ike. PHILIP BOLTON. St. Heliers, January 20, 1841. * Turkey is there called “the K Bg of the North,” and Egvp: “the King of the South,” because those countries are north and sooth of the Jews’ eon-try. The Population of the Union. —We are indebted to a friend for the following calcula tion. It will be seen that he makes the pop ulation of the United States in ISSO, upwards of 58,000,000. Thus he says, “our popula tion in 1790 was 3,729,326 1800 5.360.553 1810 7,289,903 1820 9,635,166 1830 12,856,407 1840 ought to be 17,141,866 He adds a third, and makes it in 1850. 22, j 666,666; another third, and in 1860, 30 222,- j 221 ; another third, ami in 1870, 40,206,295; 1 and in 1830, 53,423,393.” —OiJ IXmtu.ion. THE UNION OF THE STATES, AND THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE STATES. From the Federal Union, May 25. ELECTION OF GOVERNOR. Our readers will recollect that we an nounced the unanimous agreement of the Democratic part)', to run as their candidate for the Executive office, Itis Excellency Charles J. McDonald. We now place his name at the head of our columns, where it will remain till the contest is decided. Governor McDonald is known to have a personal popularity which will give to him a strength fully equal to that of the party by which he is nominated. His administration, at the next election, will have been before the people nearly the constitutional term of two years ; so that they will have a perfect oppor tunity of judging for themselves, and deciding whether he has abused the trust confided to him. And fortunately we have lived through the turmoil of last year, and have tried all sorts of experiment and changes which the frenzy of unexpected success could dictate to a party not capable of using with moderation or justice, the power thus lavished on it by a confiding people. The spell of promises never intended to be kept, is broken; we can now calmly calculate the value of these changes, and go to the polls duly sober, to decide the great question whether Georgia is to fly off front her principles and play an awkward part in the pomp and parade of an administration, verging rapidly into power founded on wealth, and tending all the time to sink to insignifi cance the hardy sons of the revolution and their descendants—or whether she will plant her standard on the rights of the many, and look to the support of the Democracy charac teristic of southern men and southern politi cians. We are apprised that the contest cannot he waged on principles thus generally expressed ; human nature is too weak for that. We must fix on the acts of our adversaries, and point the people to their consequences, while we challenge for our own the approval we think them entitled to. It is thus, we feel confident, we shall be able to sustain the ad ministration of Gov. McDonald. We know not the vials of hidden wrath which his enemies have in store, and which will be poured on his head in due season. So far they have fixed on a single act on w r hich they seem to rest their demand, that the peo ple shall hurl him from the high station in which .hey have placed him. This act, the reader will no doubt anticipate, is his celebra ted relief message. We are perfectly willing to place the issue of the contest on the merits of it, with all its responsibility, and to abide the consequences of having urged on the consider ation of the legislature this measure, so de cidedly characteristic of himself; and in fact so entirely his own. Os the motives which in duced him to offer it, we ask no better opinion than that given by one of his adversaries, who attributes it to a desire to serve the people, arising from the “ proverbial benevolence of his character.” If this is indeed his character, we trust the people who have confided to his hands the highest trust in their gift, will re ceive this message, intended for their good, with becoming candor, and not reject him who tendered the boon without good and sufficient reasons. The great body of the people, it is evident, can have no personal interest in putting up, or putting down individuals—their votes are given as citizens, and their desire is to do that which is best for the country. They will have to choose between Gov. McDonald, whose “pro verbial benevolence” has not allowed hitn to be a silent spectator of the calamities of the country, aggravated by the harsh and unfeeling policy of the last legislature—and William C Dawson, who has been selected by the very moil who, violating every pledge made to the people, denounce all measures proposed for lessening the calamities of the times. The relief message is evidence of the spirit which has animated the bosom .of Gov. McDonald heretofore—it is the best evidence which can be given of that which will characterize his public life to the end. The people will choose between this and the insolent and overbearing measures of those proud men who, disdaining to consider the evils under which the country groans, declare “ they would not relieve them if they could.” If thus dressed up in a little “ brief authority,” they play such “fan tastic tricks,” what are the people to expect of them when every branch of the government is placed in their hands. The relief message is now a matter of his tory —the occasion which called it forth has passed by; but the country is not. yet relieved of its embarrassment. Times are no better, and the next legislature may be expected to meet under circumstances calling more loudly than ever for means of reltef. Will they place in the seats of power those men who have al ready “laughed at their calamities,” and are prepared to “mock when their fear cometh 1” Will they place themselves in the hands of those whose maxim is, that the sudden liqui dation of all debts, shall be so urged on the people, as to force the debtor class to ruin, however inconsiderable the debts they may owe 1 Will they place themselves in the hands of those who have announced their determina tion of ‘“winding up the Central Bank”—thus adding to the weight of demands by individuals a government demandof mure than two millions, which will operate with tenfold power, by withdrawing from circulation the only money to be seen, at the moment it issues the stern command to “ pay up.” Will they still en trust power to the hands of a party whose ex istence depends on depressing the middle to the lower class of people—who scourge with one hand and demand votes with the other— who are now eagerly pressing forward the grinding moneyed power which has been brought on the people by faults not their own -“-and when they are solicited to adopt some measure calculated to afford relief, reply “ we would not do it if we could” but we advise you to go in debt no more ? This insolent advice we’have heard from the rostrum, and seen from the press. It falls on ears who do not need , the admonition. But it proposes no relief to ! the miseries of the land. The people are not | going in debt, and desire at the hands of their i ruleFs only such enactments as will give to their labor and their property, a value that may avail in the rescue of the prudent and indus trious. They expect no impossibilities and look for no relief without labor or property appropria’ and. They do not regard themselves as criminals, who are to be stripped of all they have, and turned off in hopeless bankruptcy, with a cold piece of advice from those who have precipitated their ruin. And unless we very much mistake the signs of the times, the insignia of power will be as suddenly snatched from, as they have been incautiously placed I in, the hands of the heartless aristocrats of the last legislature.- The people will vindicate their right to self-government—they will en act the laws called for by the circumstances in which they are placed, and in reply to such as may admonish them not to go in debt, they will say, “we would not if we could.” The Island of Cuba. — An interesting cor* respondent in the New York Commercial, gives us some new ideas of this noble island. Its geology indicates primitive volcanic and coral formations, principally of the latter, and all blended in harmonious union. The nor thern and middle parts of the islanff have a range ol hills, while much of it is flat; and in the elevated, is a level coral and shell rock for mation, a little above the surlace of the sea, and remarkable for the thin covering of its soil and its unequalled fertility. Indeed, I have never before seen a country so rocky under cultivation. Many of the levei and beautiful fields of coffee trees or sugar cane, could not be cultivated with Ihe plough. All its trees and vegetable productions are novel to us. From the lowering palm or lofty cocoa-nut tree, to the hush or shrub in the crevices, al 1 are in full blossom, or loaded, ac cording to the season, with fruits and seeds for the support of life. Indeed* the vegetable powers of its soil, and the extent of its abun dant production, are almost beyond credibility. More than 700*000 boxes, equivalent to SOO,- 000 hhds sugar, are made in Cuba annually. This writer says that the Havanese creoles are amiable, pleasant and just, awaking from a sleep of three centuries, to the improvements of this bustling age. They have already one railroad completed forty miles into the country and others commenced: He considers the two noted defences of the city of Havanna, the Moro Castle and the Ca banas, to be only bugbears lo frighten cow ards. Western and Atlantic Rail Road. —We copy the following information, respecting the progress of this road, from the Southern Recorder of last Tuesday. The President if the Boa rd of Commission ers ol’ the State Rail Road being at present abroad on the business of his trust, and the law only specifying that t fficer to make the quarterly report of the progress and prospects of the work, to the people, through the Gov ernor, the report tor the last quarter will not probably he laid before the people for some time to come. We are pleased, however, in some measure to supply ttiis desired informa tion, having received a letter from one of the commissioners which affords us interesting details in regard to this great undertaking. On the lOt It of March last, fifty miles of the superstructure were put under contract on fa vorable terms to the State. The most ol the contractors commenced operations immedi ately thereafter, and are now progressing rapidly with the work. They are required by their contracts, to have the timber ail de livered on the road by the Ist day of August next: and there is no doubt hut it will he done about that time. The board have re quired all the timbers to be Kyanised; and for this purpose arrangements are making for the necessary materials, all of which they expect to have done, the tract framed and laid down on fifty miles, during the present year, ready for the iron. They are also ma king every exertion to obtain iron, but have not succeeded in making any permanent-ar rangements, but have a hope of doing so shortly. We are gratified that such progress has been made, and look forward to the comple tion of this gieat undertaking, without doubt as to the fact, and as to an epoch in our histo torv, from which our State will spring forth afresh in the pathway of prosperity. We look forward in prospect to the time when the travel and products of Tennessee, a portion of Kentucky, Missouri, a portion of Illinois, and a portion of Arkansas, will all wend their wav through old Georgia, to find their great outlet and to deposite their precious burdens on 1 he bosom of the mighty A.lantic, the great highway of nations. When that time comes it will speak in tones which will reach from Maine to New Orleans, lor the sagacity of our State, and the enterprising spirit of her sons. The necessity of Reform.— 'The follow ing table exhibits the number of Whigs and Democrats in office in the different depart ments of the Government on the first of March, 1841, under Mr. Van Buren!- Compare'it with the “ proscription” of the present Chris tian Administration.—Philadelphia Spirit of the Times. Political Classification of persons inthc United States Government, March f, 1847. Dem. Whigs. State Department 5 17 Patent Office 4 12 Treasury Department 15 5 First Auditor’s Office 5 8 Second do. 6 72 Third do. 8 22 Fourth do. 71 7 Fifth do. 3 G Auditor’s Office Post Office Department 29 23 First Comptroller’s Office 19 8 Second do. do. 3 9 General Land Office 42 38 Treasurer’s Office 5 8 Register’s Office 3 22 Solicitor of the Treasury’s Office 2 3 Post Office 45 8 War Department 4 4 Pension Office 3- 72 Ordnat.ce Office 3 Paymaster General’s Office 0 5 Adjutants 0 6 Indian Affairs 3 70 Chief Engineer’s Office 0 4 Subsistence Office 0 5 Topographical Bureau 0 2 Quartermaster General’s Office 7 5 Commissary Generai’s Office 0 3 Surveyor General’s Office 0 2 Commanding General’s Office 0 1 Clothing Bureau 1 0 Navy Department 8 5 Navy Commissioner’s Office 1 8 Important Disclosures for the Widow and Orphan. —We speak advisedly (says the Pennsylvaman) and upon good authority, when we say that the Bank of the United States was not broken alone by its cotton speculations and dealings in fancy stocks.-*- We boldly assert that seven millions of dollars of the suspended debts, occupying nine folio pages of the Ledger, consists of loans to ac tive and prominent federal vvhigs, during the . st few years and some of them made so re cently as 1839 and 1840. ‘To Thomas L. M’Kenney, there is charged the enormous sum of two hundred and fifty thousand dollars! To Daniel Webster, the small snm of one hundred and ten thousand dollars—2B,oUU of which was overdrafts in 1839 and 1840. To John S. Riddle, the moderate sum of one hundred thousand dollars ! Burning Vouchers. —The Journal of Com merce thus animadverts on the mode adopted by Mr. Biddle and his confederates, to cover up the crimes of the Bank. “ The announcement that the vouchers for §BIB,OOO were destroyed, shows a degree of villainy which we hardly expected.- What deeds of crime were recordeu in these vouch ers,- that nothing but their destruction could screen the perpetrators I Whose names were written on those vouchers l Are they names high in office and influence 1 Certainly we have a right, and are obliged to infer that the very worst use was made of this money. Did it all go the way of §52,000 to purchase men whose names cannot be mentioned 1— The public have a deep interest in this mat ter, whether they own a Bank share or not; and certainly the stockholders ought not to rest until they know where that large sum went to. The clerk who kept the vouchers, probably knows ; and it cannot be difficult to learn at least the outlines of the matter* Treading the Wine Press.—A letter from John Tappan, of Boston, who has recent ly travelled in Europe, give the following de scription of the process of treading grapes.— Fastidious wine drinkers wiH not fancy the fact :■ We passed through the finest wine coun tries in Europe, in vintage time and having witnessed the treading out of the grapes, it may interest you to know the process. On an appointed day all the inhabitants of a hamlet assemble early in the morning,-and with carts containing baskets, tubs and casks,- proceed to gather ail the grapes, sound, and in every stage of decay, in large tubs, resembling in size and cleanliness, the tubs in which hogs are scalded and dressed in America. When the tubs are sufficiently filled with grapes, spiders’ webs and flies, a lad jumps into it and drawing up his pantaloons to his middle commences, with his bare feet, and others with barnyard shoes, to jump upon the grapes, &. force the juice through the holes in the centre of the bottom of the tub, into a large tunnel, which is inserted in a cask. When the cask is filled, it is rolled away and carted to the village, from whence it goes to the wine merchant, &. is manufactured, by which means it is adulter ated and sent to the market.” Not hing can be more filthy and nauseating, than the dirty slovenly w r ay it is made, unless it may be the water back of Albany, of which Mr. Delavan proved they made strong beer. Could wine drinkers, who so much extol the cookroach flavor of their Wine in our country, once real ized that it probably is the spider flavor, they would loathe what they call the purej net ice of the grape. It is a well known fact, that no pure wine is exported from wine counties. UNITED STATES CENSUS. The following from the Madisonian, is the most complete account of the Census that has yet appeared. It wil l oeseen that we number more than 17,0011,090 soais. States. Vopvlation. Maine, 501,793 N. Hampshire, 284 574 Massachusetts*. 737,693 Connecticut, 310,015 Rhode Island, >08,830 Vermont, 29 T,948 New York, 2,428,921 New Jersey, 373,306 Pennsylvania, >,724,022 Delaware, 78,085 Maryland-, 469,232 Virginia, 1,239,797 South Carolina, 594,398 Mississippi, 375,651 Tennessee, 829 210 Florida, 54,207 D. of Columbia, 43,712 North Carolina, 753,110 Georgia, *677,197 Alabama, f599,846 Louisiana, 351,176 Kentucky, i.776,397 Ohio, “ 1,519,467 Indiana, 593,314 Illinois, 474,404 Missouri, 381,102 Arkansas, 95,642 Michigan, 211,805 Y\ isconsin, 30,752 knva, 53,008 17.100,572 * Returns from 9? counties wanting, 7 o which contained in 1830,55,881, t Returns from 5 counties not indoded.— Four of the five counties contain, according to the Marshal’s returns, 85,701. t Returns from Garter county wanting.— The amount of population in 7 counties of Georgia in >B3O, and that of 4counties of A1 abama, mentioned in this note, are included in the sum total* Prittce Esterhazy.— At the time this Prince visited Dublin, an English Journal made the following remarks: Dublin has now to boast the presence, not merely of the richest subject, but of the richest family, we may safely say, on the face of the earth f—that of the Prince Esterhazy, A nbassador of his majesty the Emperor of Austria, to the court of London. This great and affluent family enjoys a revenue exceeding 500,000 pounds sterling per annum. The very dress in which this prince basvi-dted the several courts of Europe is valued at 1,000,000 pounds ster ling,—his coat alone at 200,0001 —the hilt of his sword at 100,0001 —We have tlie author ity of sir Waller Scott, for saying that every time the Prince wears ,bis costly dress, the loss in diamonds and peat Is thart fall from it, may fairly be estimated at from 100 to 200 pounds. On the occasion of the Coronation, we have it from the same authority, that the Princess was literally covered with diamonds. She wore as many as if they had been Bristol stones. To describe tbe splendor of the eqnipnges of Prince Rderliazy, his numerous retinue, his grand establishment, his amazing and unbounded wealth, would tax credulity. The dignity and wealth of his powerful family, influenced a demeanor remarkable only for its elegance and suavity f He is, we believe Hungarian. His daily income is upwardsof 06,000. —N. Y. Times. We feel gratified losee lhal tlie Savannah and August* papers have invited the attention of the travelling public, lor heahlior p'easure, to the interior of their own State. Besides the grea*r saving in expense—not an unim portant item at the present time—we venture to'assert'with confidence, that there is hardly any part of the United Stales that abounds in more beautiful scenery, or affords a more bracing and salubrious atmosphere, than the Western part of Georgia. It only needs to be visited, for the fact to he admitted; and once Visited by our Southern and Eastern citizens, will ensure to it an importance not usually hitherto appreciated. Both Gaines ville and Clarksville, handsome lit lie villages, in viewed the mountains,together with many other pleasant places, abound in tlie advanta ges usually derived at such retreats. Every necessary arrangement is making, as will be seen by Mr. Thornton’s advertisement, par ticularly in the former place, to administer to the comfort and entertainment of society.— Southern Recorder, May 25. tT. S. Bank.—The Journal of Commerce estimates that four sevenths o ft he stock of the U. Bank, is held in Europe, and if the stock is considered worth S2O per share the loss from par will be as follows : To the American stockholders, 812,205,620 Foreign do $15,804,000 Total loss, 828,009,920 It is to be considered however, that many of the owners of the stock purchased it at a pre mium of 20 per cent; and also, that instead of dividing 20 per cent on the stock, the chan ces are that the stockholders will never realize one cent per share. In this case the foreign stockholders will lose $20,000,000 American stockholders $25,000,000 $35,000,000 Besides the premium which may have been paid on the purchase of the stock.—Albany Argus. VOL. I. NO. 17. 1 rom thr Clm lt-sion Nlercurv, May £4. THE STATE OF NEW YORK vs. ALEX.- AIcLEOD. This case was brought up for argument hefore the Supreme Court of New Y'ork on Monday, ami the argument was continued Tuesday and Wednesday. The question belbre Ihe Court is whether there are suffi cient grounds for the discharge of McLeod without trial. The following extract exhibits ihe leading points made by the counsel on* both sides : When the counsel for the prisoner had read all the documents they considered necessary,- Mr. Wood, of counsel (i>r the people, stated the grounds of the demurrer, which areas follows: 1. Because ihe attack on ihe steamboat Caro ine, a boat owned by a citizen of the United States, unconnected with the insur gents of Navv Island, and navigating the waters of the Niagara river, under a license from the United States government, and en gaged for aught that appears in a legal busi ness, was made whilst she Was moored at Schlosser, in the State of New York, and without ihe juiisdiction of the Province of L pper Canada. 2. Because neither the Governor of Upper Canada nor Cel. Allen McNab had any power or authority to send men into ibis State to destroy tbe boat; and all those acting under sueb unlawful orders are individually respond sible lor their acts* 3. Because Amos Durfee, for the murder of whom the prisoner stands indicted, was a peaceable citizen of the United States, and within the jurisdiction of tfiis Stale, uncon nected with the insurgents on Navy Island, and guilty of no offence against the laws ot> this Slate or of the United States, nor against the rights of Great Britain-, and was killed upon the main land in this State, after having left the boat and was flying unarmed and un resisting from tbe assailants, after they were in possession of the boat, and the assau.t upon whom by the prisoner was neither directly or necessarily connected with the destruction of the Caroline, nor necessary to the defence ot the territories of Great Britain nor the pro tection of her subjects. 4. Because the matters set forth in the alle gations of the prisoner do not tend to estab lish that the prisoner Was exempt from the arrest, nor that the commitment or detention are or have been illegal, but that the same, so* far as ihey are pertinent to the issue between the people and prisoner, apply exclusively t the question of his guilt or innocence, which is not now before the court. Because it appears by the Sheriff’s return that the prisoner is imprisoned and detained on an indictment for murder to which he hag* pleaded not guilty, and the court cannot in vestigate the truth of such indictment or plea, Mr. Hall then informed the Court that as lie had not expected the question an the dis charge of the prisoner to come up this morn ing he was not prepared on the general merit* of the case. He therefore requested until this morning for time to more particularly e*’ amine the question. The further hearing of the case was then adjourned to this morning. The following are the points made for tbff prisoner on ihe Habeas Corpus: The attack and destruction of the Caroline was an act of the public force done by the command of the British Government. AH that the prisoner did m it, if any thing, he did by command of his superior officer and ire obedience to his own government. For act* done under such authority he is not responsi ble personally or individually to any court of law whatever, The Supreme Court lias jurisdiction to try the oflence charged in the indictment and may order it to be tried at bar. It lias juris diction, therefore, to give advice and grant leave to the District Attorney, to order a nolle prosequi upon the indictment. The right to enter such nolle prosequi pre vious to the enactment of the revised statutes, was alone vested in the Distiict Attorney, or Attorney General. It was then and now lhe r executive power of the government influenced by considertaions of sound policy and wise’ expediency. The same reason which would induce the law officer of the government to interpose to prevent a trial ought to and will induce the Court to advise and allow the same thing to be done. Redress for this forcible and hostile inva sion of the territory of the United States, the destruction ol property and the killing of our citizens, was at an early day demanded of the British government by the government of the United Slates, and the whole matter is still in the course of treary between them, with a view to a full and just settlement. The State of New York therefore cannot discieetly or lawfully interpose its jurisdiction and take cognizance of any portion of this public ol lehce against the entire American nation.— It is the exercise of an authority by the State repugnant to the constitution and laws of the United States, and brings t'he two jurisdic tions in collision and conflict.- Its tendency is l to thwart the constitutional exercise of the treaty-making power of the United States, and thus to involve the two countries in war* 5. By the constitution of the United States, tlie poster to declare war, make peace, and generally to superintend the foreign relations of our country, belongs to Congress, or the general government*. That act in which McLeod is alleged to* have participated beingthe exercise of the pub lic force of Great BriVa in, and of a hostile char acter, becomes the subject of reclamation, re prisal and war on the partolthe government of the United States, as it shall see fit ; or it may demand acknowledgment, reparation or indemnity for the oflence and injury, and thereupon acknowledge itself satisfied. Any intei Terence of tlie State authority will be and is incompatible with the exercise of these high powers. 6. If tbe alleged offences were cognizable bv tbe Courts ot the United States, the trial of tbe individaal would be wholly incompati ble with ihe periling negotiations between the two governments, and alike unworthy of the honor and dignity of both. 7. Had the attack been made upon a port or an arsenal, in tlie District of Columbia or other place within tbe jurisdiction of the Courts of the United States, and an indict ment had h en found- in such Court, thr ground of discharge would have been the same then as now. If then the United Slates Courts ought to forbear to prosecute tl e in dividuals. so ought now the Stale o’ New York. 8. The foregoing are believed- to be the sound views ol the subject,, and satislactorilv shows that this Court should discharge the prisoner.—Journal of Comtnetee. I he Supreme Court has deterred its deci sion in the above case until the next regular term of the Court. In the meantime, McLcd remains in the custody of the Sheriff of the City and County of New York.—Ed. Times. Property ix Massachusetts. —ln 1829, the real and personal property of Massachu setts, was valued at $206,000,000. In 1839, at $300,000,000. The valuation of Boston for 1839, was $109,000,000.