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PUBLISHED XV E R Y THURSDAY MORNING, BY JAMES VAN NESS, In the “Granite Building,” on the corner Oglethorpe and Randolph Streets. TERMS: tSUßftcmPTioif—three dollars per annum, payable in advance, three doliaia and a half at the end of si* months, or four dollars, (in all cases) where pay* trout is not made before tne expiration of the year. No subscription received for less than twelve month without payment in advance, and no paper discon tinued, except at the option of th*- Editor, until all arrearages are paid. 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Ail Sales regulated by law, must he made before the court house di>or, between the hours of 10 in the moaning and four in ihe evening—those of land in j the county Where it is situate ; those of personal! property, where the letters testamentary, of admin istration or of guurdiansqtp were obtained—and are reqeued to.tv- previously advertised 111 some public gazette, as follows: “Sheriffs’ Sales under regular executions f>r thir ,ty days ; tinder rrorlf ace !i fas suty days, before , •*he uay of sale. “Sales of land and negroes, by Executor*. Adminis trators or Guardians, for sixty days before the day es rule. Sales of personal property (except Negroes) forty days. CiTATrnsi bv Clerk* of the Courts ol Ordinary, upon application for letters of administration, must be pub lished foi thirty days. Citation* upon application for dismission, hv Kxer-I u'ors. Administrators or Guardians, monthly for six months. Orders of Court* of Ordinary, (accompanied with a copy of the bond or agreement) to make titles to land, must be published three months. Not'c es by Executors, Administrators or Guardians, ot application to the Court of Ordinary for leave to sell the land or negroes of an estate, four months. Notice* by Exectitors or Administrators, to the debtors and creditors of an estate, for six weeks. Sheriffs’, Clerks of Court &c. will be allowed the usual deduction. JUT Letters on business, must be post paid, to entitle them to attention. From the Standard es Union. McDonald and relief. We h ave at length found space for the re marks which we prepared some itvo or three weeks since, in reply to our neighbor of the Recorder, in which we think it could he made to appear u> all intelligent and candid men,that they have studiously evaded the true issue, and sought to rest the question upon grounds not warranted by the record. For the purpose of maintaining the position we have taken, that Relief, or no relief is the only proper and legitimate subject of contro versy between us, in the present aspect of the question, we shall first call the attention of our readers to the Recorder’s article of the Ist inst. and then lo the Relief Message of Governor McDonald, and the reply which it received from the Harrison and Reform par ty, itr the last Legislative, The Recorder says, “ Our neighbor, the Standard, has made up an issue as between itself and us, which we do not clio ise to ratify. The Standard has put the matter all its own way. and then says it is our way too. Not so neighbor. You have made up this issue as we have hea.d of another, ab lit as fair and reasonable. “ You l ike the crow and I’ll take the turkey, or I’ll take the turkey and you take the crow.” No, no, neighbor, we do not intend tint you shall pm me crow on us, however ingeniously von may work it ” Now if we do not prove before we are done that so far from an issue having been made tip by the Standard, that the Recorder has h id its full agency in the matter, then we will as in duly houml, exchange the Turkey for the crow, and content ourselves with making tne best of a hail bargain. But of this, ue entertain no apprehensions. The crow was a bird of ther own selection, and was no doubt chosen with due and proper delibera tion. However much the llcoouler nv.iv labor to avoid the main point at issue, and to piace it upon a collate rial and irreiavant bass, we shall hold them down to the point, and require that they maintain themselves by strong evi dence and sound arguments, or submit to a verdict against them. The issue as stated by us, and from which, tiie Recorder is beginning to slope oft,” under the pressure of pub te sentiment, is indenti callv the same which was made up in the legislature, by the Reformers, and ratified by tile Recorder, and’ upon which, the people will decide on the li.si Monday in October, lint “circumstances alter cases,” snd since the public voice begins to sound so strongly j in favor of tbe beneficent recommendations ot the Governor, the Recorder abandons its ground, and charges us with making an issue which they cannot ratifv. What ait issue ? It is the affirmation of a fact upon one side, and a denial ot its truth upon the other; as m cases ol law, the plain titf declares that the defendant owes him a given sum of money, and the defendant de nies the charge and answers that he owes him nothing. This forms an issue: and so in politics —as for instance, the Standard of Union declares Mr. Webster to be a federal ist, and the Recorder denies it. That makes an issue upon the fact of Mr \V ebstei’s fed eralisra —and so it Gov. McDonald says to the Legislature, the people are greatly embar rassed —their cotton crops have been de stroyed, and ruin will come upon them with out rebel —that their situation demands i'— and the Legislature replied that it would be UNWISE, IMPOLITIC, and UNJUST, 5 ’ and conclude by declaring they “OUGH T NO TIE THEY COULD,” would it not form an issue of “Rebel or no Relief, be-; tween the Governor and tiie Legislature, asj strong and distinct as language coil’d make; it? And in spite of the turning and twisting of the Recorder, it catniot now be charged. The Governor affirmed that the people de manded relief, and cal ed upon the legislature to adopt “ some measure,”’ to alleviate theiri sullermgs—the Relortners replied it would l*e “ UNWISE, INPOLITIC, and UN JUST” to relieve them, and they “ OUGH T NO T jp THEY COULD,” and they were sus tained by the Recorder; and we now tell the Recorder and its party, that these six bitier, and remorseless English words, will not cease to ring in their ears', until the foundation upon wliicit they stand, peculiarly constructed hs it is ot cider barrels, coon skins, pepper pods, o-ourd vines, and empty promises, shall be knocked from under them, and tbe rights and ihc interest ol tiie people he p3ctu in flit hands of men, who will deem it wise, PO LITIC and JUST, to relieve the distressesi t.f their constituents, and who \\ ILL DO 11 IF THEY CAN: jp t let the evidence speak for itself. On me 14 h day of December, IS4O in a communication made by Governor McDonald to the Legislature, we find the following: “ S nee vnur as emhlage on the second ul timo, the Cotton empo! tbe present year, has been >r neraily gatheied, and the quantity has fallen so far b-lmv tbe most reasonable calculation, that without a forbearance on the ni-t 1,1 creditors, not to be expected, the pecuniary distress of the p mde lor the next vear will be unprecedented ami ruinous, heel it mv dmv, therefore, to call attention to Ilfs subject, before voor adjournment, that voaiuiy ad >pt sucli c-m -liluitoual measures THE COLUMBUS TIMES. VOLUME I.} for the relief of the people . as vour wisdom may suggest sip expedient and proper.’” Could any thing be more explicit? Could the embarrassed condition of the country have been more justly and feelingly expressed? — The ballot boxes will answer the question. Did the Legislature, in the same noble spirit of philanthropy, come up to the rescue? Did the Reformers respond amen to the humane I spirit of the message, and go to work heart i and hand, to stay the ruin which is note, every ! where visible, hv the adoption of “ some mea j sure” that would have carried glad tidings to | the hearts of thousands? Alas! we blush to j record it—They pronounced it “ L’NW ISE, IMPOLITIC, and UNJUST; “ THEY jOUGHT NOT, IF THF.Y COULD” and j leit the people “10 the pelting of the pitiless | storm.” ‘i bis is the issue the people have made, and they hold the Recorder to it. It is matter of record; the evidence is belbre the country, and those who have dealt hardly and cruelly towards their constituents, must stand or fall by their own acts. The Recorder goes on to say, “The Standard says, we “go all fours against anv measure of relief to a suffering people.” Not so, neighbor. We go for each ami evessj measure of relief to a suffering people, which the Standard will prove to us to be really and truly such. What we are opposed to, is the plan of our neighbor’s par ty, which they call relief, that is, loaning the people money at fifty per cent.” From this, it would really seem, if it stood alone, and wholly disconnected with the bal ance of the Recorder’s article, that our neigh bors might soon he found fighting under the relief flag, but as it is only to he considered hy those who know their course, as intended for a different object, we shall treat it accor dingly. They tel! us now, for the first time, that they go for each and every measure of relief to a suffering people, which tie Standard will prove to 11s to be really and truly such.” We have heard of the great difficulty of removing mountains—of (baking a stream of water ascend above its level, and of many other impracticable things, but were we dri ven to the choice between the performance of all these stupeiiduons labors, or proving to the Recorder that there could be devised, any measure of relief in the present crises, which they would admit to he u ; eally and truly such,” ami which they would adopt and support, we should not spend a moment in doubt or hesi tation, believing as we do, that we could as easily hurl the planets from their spheres, as convince tiie Recorder that any plan of relief which we might recommend, was “really and truly such.” This is the covert under which they ex pect to shelter themselves. F.xpress the ut most willingness to relieve the people, “provi ded” tliev believe the plan to he “really and truly such,” taking very good care in the meantime, not to recognize any plan as ‘ such. ’ Bui hear them further : ‘•What we are opposed to, is the plan ol our neighbors party, which they call relief; that is, I tailing money at filly per cent.” In answer to this, it becomes us to say k .that the democrat to party have never proposed to loan money at fifty percent;'but our demo -1 era ic. Governor, did appeal to a coon skin le gislature to adopt “some measure of relief,” .tin! they answered him that it wouid he “un wise impolitic and unjust lo do so,” and de- C art'll “THF.Y OUGHT NOT, IF THEY COULD;” and we call upon the Recorder to tell Ihe peo ple why their party did not suggest some (Han. or at least make an effort to afford relief; and - to state whether their party acted in ac cotdance \yitL their duty to the people, when they said it was “unwise, impolitic and un just,” to relieve them t The Recorder knows that their party claim to possess more wisdom —more patriotism aid more love for ihe people, than ihe De mocracy, and promised them more in 1840; and knowing all this, will they tell us why it was, they suggested nothing, advised nothing, and did nothing, to relieve them ? They had a majority that bore down every thing belbre it, and where are the blessed 1 mils ot their la bors? They prontise to revive the credit system, and make money plenty, so that ‘‘hon est and industrious men could save their pro perty from the “sheriffs hammer,” and be hold, they destroyed that system, and shut up the Bank's ; and when th sgross inconsistency is charged upon them, the Recorder attempts to cast the blame upon Governor McDonald hv garbling and mangling a portion ot nis message to suit their purpose; and that this whig manouvre rnav he kept before the peo ple, and the trick exposed as it should be, we again insert the extract as trimmed and gar bled by trie Recorder, in collateral lines with the full sentence from the Message. Here I they stand, as glaring proof o! the schemes j to which partisans resort, to uphold a sinking I cause. From the Recorder. ) From the Jonrna’s, Speaking of the bank To tolerate then de suspension, he (the Go- imquency, is to oiler a vernor ) savs : ipremimn for miscon “ To tolerate their dad; for they alone delinquency, is to offer ire benelitted, while a premium for miscon every holder ot their duct, for they alone art notes sustains a loss, benefilted, while even Ibis is an evil which holder of their notesihas been infl cted on i sustains a loss. Thisjthe country for more | j is an evil which hasuhan a year, and de-j been inflicted on the mauds your serious; ! country for more than consideration. 1 hena-; | a year and demands iwe of the remedy that j ytiurseii >us considers-should be applied, res-; ; lion.” * * ling ia your sound j “Iwouhl respectful and patriotic discre-. Itj recommend that a tion, will doubtiess be day he fixed for there-such as is demanded by sumption of specie pay tlic interest of xhepeo mmits.” * * ph’- 1 would respect “.4/nZ that such pen- fully recommend that a allies be. annexed f< lay be fixed for the ; their refusal as icillen resumption of specie mire their compliance.'’ payments, allotting the Banks a reasonable time j o pmpare for it, and I hat such penalties be ‘annexed to their refu sal, as will ensure their compliance. ’The course recommended bv Governor McDonald, no man of common sense could object to. If the resumption was made in ac cordance with “the interests if the people,” and the Backs allowed, ‘ time to prepare for \ it,” as be says, all would have been rurht. | The people and the Bank* would have been j satisfied, and the evils of the rash legislation j under which the country now sutlers, would i not have befallen us; but according to the version of the message which the Recorder attempteJAo palm off upon the people, the Governor was made to appear as the attihor of a precipitate and ill advised measure, for the consequences of which the Harrison ma jority are properly and ju>tly chargeable. Again the Recorder savs, “We have not the heart to trifle with the pecuniary suffering of the country, by calling * measures of destruction and ruin, great mea sures ol reliet. Perhaps our neighbors might have more aptiy said, we have no disposition to la.x upon COLUMBUS, GEORGIA, THURSDAY JTORNING, JULY 15, 1841. the subject of relief at all. Our party prom ised so much last year—made so many vote catching speeches about the glorious times that would come along with Tip and Ty, and so utterly failed lo make one effort, even a feeble ote, to redeem the pledges they had made ; and the people are now so exaspera ted at the htimbugery and deception which were practised upon them, thatot all subjects which at present engage the public attention, that of relief, is the most unwelcome lo our ears. And well would such language befil them now? because their party gained pow er hy exciting expectations which were never to be realized, and leaving the people in a worse condition than they found them, by closing up all avenues to credit in a lime of untxamped pressure, and increasing their burdens hv an onerous increase of Taxes. \Y e nigh, close here, but as the Recorder has been pleased to introduce the name of Mr. Dawson, we deem it proper to rub him down with a coon skin , as we pass on. Os that gentleman, the Recorder speaks as follows: “As the Standard has though proper to in troduce the name of Mr. Dawson in ihe same connexion, we take the liberty of saying for him. Ii will be time, enough for the Stan dard to charge ns wilh being opposed to rs lieving the sufferings of the people, when it shall propose a practicable plan lor effeciing the object. So tar as relates to Mr. Dawson’s views, upon the subject of relief, we hold and treat him as being opposed to it in every firm, and our opinion is sustained by evidence which would convict him before any jury of impar tial men in Georgia. His parly in the legislature pronounced it “unwise, impolitic, and unjust.” The press of his party sustained the legislature, and abused Governor McDonald lor proposing relief. Most of the Grand Juries in the strong Dawson counties have sustained the Reform legislature in opposing relief; and Green county particularly, which speaks the sentiments of Mr. Dawson, and may well be considered his mouth piece, condemned the Governor with most decided terms, and scout ed rebel” as a measure of injustice to the country. Add to all this, that not one solitary whig press in Georgia, has spoken in behalf oT relieving tbe people from their embarrass, ments, and then tel! us if relief is to be ex pected from Mr. Dawson and his friends ? Nor is this all. His elec’ion has been re cently urged by a Reform paper of high char acter, for his opposition to the Central Bank, and as the man to put down that institution, which it brands “the Georgia monster;” and recommends that the notes which it holds on the citizens should he forthwith collected— “not renf.wed,” hv which, not less than 24.000 law suits would be at once commenced against the people, the collection and cost upon which would amount to at least $450,- 000, and ail to carry out and complete the re form, and scatter the blessings which were promised by the hard cider orators of 1840. People of Georgia! Remember the scenes j of last year, and compare what was promised, with what has been performed, and profit hy the lesson. From the Independent Monitor, June 29. SUPREME COURT OF ALABAMA.— June Term, 1841. Jones, ot al, vs Johnson.—Writ of Error to tlie Chancery Court at Eut-aw. 1. A public ferry established under license from the Commissioners Court of Roads and Revenue, excludes all competition within the space of two miles above and below the site of the ferry, unless on any river at or within two miles of any town. 2. Where the river is the dividing lino be tween two counties, they both have an equal right to establish a ferry, and where the pow er is exercised by either, it is exhausted. ff. The county in which a town is situated does not for that reason acquire the sole right to establish ferries tinder the statute. This was a bill in chancery filed by the de fendant in error against the plaintiffs in error, to enjoin them from keeping a ferry across the Tombigbee river. The hill charges that some 4 years since, tiie complainant ob tained a license for a public ferry across the Tombigbee River at the town of Warsaw, and has since that time kept up the ferry by providing boats ; and that during the last year a ferry has been established at the same place by the defendants about two hundred yards from iiis, and it is admitted that they obtained from the commissioners court of Greene county a license therefor, and have given the necessary bond and security. The bill char ges that the convenience of the public did not require tiie establishment of another ferry, and that more than one ferry cannot be supported at that pl-we. Thornton, forplaintiffin error, cited Aiken’s Dig. 363. 3 Porter 418. flair, contra, cited 1 Porter. 130. Ormond, J. The court of Roads and Rev enue of the county of Greene granted to the plaintiffs in error the right to establish a ferry on the Tombec.kbee River, opposite the town of Warsaw in Sunder county, within about two hundred yards of a ferry, which had been previously established, by the defendant in error some years before. The Chancellor de creed a perpetual injunction es the use of the ferry last established, on the ground that the privilege given by statute, of establishing 1 more terries than one within a less distance than two miles of each other where there was a town on a River, was a privilege secured to the county in which the town was situated. Asa matter of right, and as incidental to the right of property, any one owning lands on both sides of a River could establish a public ! ferry ; but. as it is a matter in which the pub: he are deeply interested, the legislature has by law taken this right from the citizen, and deposited tilts power with the court of Roads and Revenue. A ferry established by this j cour” excludes all competition within the space of two miles above and below the site of the ferry, and thus by securing to him the exclu sive privilege, enables- the proprietor to pro vide himself with the necessary boats, hands, (Sec. to accommodate the public. The exception to tills exclusive privilege is situated at or near a town. In such a case it is where ii is obvious that one ferry might not be sufficient to supply the necessary convenience of crossing, to tiie public, and the power to determine the necessity for an additional ferry or ferries, is confined to tiie Commissioners court, a tribunal peculiarly weii qualified to determine such questions and from whose decisions so far as that ques tion is concerned, there is no appeal. As the State is intersected by numerous rivers, most of which constitute boundaries of counties, it is very improbable that ihe diiii cultv supposed to exist in this case, was not foreseen. In a case where either of the coun ties would have an equal right to establish a ferry, the right is given to both, and where the power is exercised by either, it is exhausted, it is in tiie nature of concurrent jurisdiction, tiie proper exercise of which by one tribunal necessarilv ousts%ill otuers. r This was deci ! ded by this court, in the case of the State vs Commissioners of Roads at Talladega. 3 Portert 412. Tiie exception to the power of the Com missioners court to grant more ferries than one at the earne points, L m truth an enlarge- “the union of the STATES, AND THE SOVEREIGNTY of the states.” meat of the power. It is. in tuesc words : “ but no public ferry shall be established in less than two miles by water, of any ferry al ready established, unless on any river at or within two miles of any town.” There is nothing in the language employed whicli could lead to the conclusion that the legisla ture intended to limit or restrain the general grant of power which we have seen was made to both counties of establishing ferries, where an additional ferry was rendered necessary to the neighborhood of a town. Nor is there any thing in the nature cf the subject which requires an* interpretation different from the natural and obvious import of the language.— In the case of a town there may be a necessity for more ferries than one ; but what peculiar propriety is there in giving to the county in which the town is situate the power of .deter mining this necessity. The people of the county ol Greene have the same right of in gress to the town of Warsaw, that the citi zens of Warsaw have of egress from it, and i it appears to us that the Commissioners court of Greene are as well qualified to determine the question of the propriety of establishing an additional ferry, as the court of Sumter county. It is not pretended that the law has in terms conferred any such privilege on that county in which the town is situated over the adjoin ing county, and none such cat be presumed from the nature of the thing, or the necessity of the case which could alone justify the court in supposing that such was the intention of the legislature, to the plain letter of the law. It is therefore our opinion that where a river divides two counties, the Commissioners court of either county may establish a ferry on the stream which divides them ; that when so established in conformity to law, it is ex clusive of the right of either county to estab lish another ferry within two miles thereof, unless in the case of a town at or near the ferry where the right exists in either county to establish an additional ferry, if in the opin ion of the Commissioners court the public good demands it, subject only to the restric tions pointed out in the statute. We give no opinion as to the question whether the grant of a ferry gives to the own er of the franchise any claim to the use of the lands of another, as that question is not pre i seated on this record. j . The decree of the Chancellor, therefore, granting a perpetual injunction of the use of the ferry of the plaintiff in error, is reversed, and this court proceeding to render such de cree as the court below should have rendered, do hereby order, adjudge and decree that the hill of the complainant be dismissed for the want of Equity. W. P. Ilurlnail use of S. Recdiis vs George Scott.—Writ of Error to the County Court of Sumter. 1. A set-off” by plaintiff is not admissible against a set-off pleaded, or given in evidence by the defendant. 2. Error in a transaction which led to the execution of a note, cannot be transferred wit h the note. The action was brought by the plaintiff in error, on four promissory notes, [amounting to the sum of lour thousand four hundred and twenty-eight dollars. Pleas, non-assumpsit, payment and set-off During the trial the defendant introduced evidence against the nominal plaintiff, existing previous and sub* sequent to the date of the notes sued on, and previous to notice of the transfer to Reedus, for whose use the suit was brought. To re duce the amount of the offsets claimed by the defendant against Hudnall, Reedus offered evidence to show that there was an error in the transaction between Hudnall and Scott, out of which the notes sued on grew, of about nine hui dred dollars, which remained uncor recled and unadjusted between ail the parties. To the introduction of this testimony the de fendant objected, and the objection was sus tained hy the court. The error assigned is the rejection of this testimony. Reavis for plaintiff’ in error cited 12 Wen dell, 356. I lair, contra, I Ala. Rep. G 29. Ormond J. Ih the case of Hall vs Cook, 1 Ala. Rept. 629, we held that the plaintiff could not avail himself of a set-offagainst set oft’pleaded, or given in evidence by the defen dant, but was restricted to showing that the set-off was not admissible, or was a debt which he .was not bound to pay. Tried by the rule laid down in that case, the defence offered by tiie plaint.iffto the set-off given in evidence by the defendant, was clearly inadmissible. The attempt here was to reduce the amount of the set-off by showing an error in the ori ginal transaction, which led to the execution of the notes sued on, and without stopping now to inquire whether the plaintiff could, in a court ot law, occupy such an inconsistent attitude as to affirm the correctness of the contract by suing on it, and at the same time to insist that it was erroneous, we consider the answer given by the counsel for the de fendant, conclusive. That if there was an error in the original settlement which resulted in the execution of the notes, that error could not be transferred with the notes. This is so perfectly clear that argument cannot illustrate it. Let the judgment be affirmed. From the Globe. MR. RIVES or VIRGINIA AND THE NA TION A L INTELLIGENCER. Mr. Rives, when discussing the question of authoritive opinion, in regard to the settlement of the Constitutional’ power of Congress to establish a National Bank, adverted to the fol lowing editorial remark of this Morning’s Na tiona Intelligencer: We have stated a fact, on authority upon which entire reliance, may be placed, viz : that when Mr. Madiso’ns signature of the Bank hill of 1816 was condemned ir. conversation in his presence, Mr. Jefferson with great empha sis vindicated Mr. Madison, and said that the General Government must have a B r mk so long as the Slates were suffered to have them, for that the General Government could not get along j without one. We are now enabled to present evidence of a nature to satisfy every reasonable mind, that Mr. Jefferson did, three years at least before Mr. Madison’s signature of the Baak bill, de clare the constitutionality oi a Bank of the United States to be a settled questing by adju dication of Congress, the judiciary, and the Deople, to which he teas willing to yield ins own (pinions on the subject. Mr. Rives, then read a paessge from a let ter of Mr. Jefferson to Mr. lippes, written three years subsequently to the passage of the Bank, which it is here pretended he declared j his willingness to support; in which he de-; dares his own unchanged conviction of the i unconstitutional it y ot such institution, and j points to the very decision of Congress in 1611, from which it is pretended he would have dissented, as settling the question against the power forever. Vv e copy the passage read by Mr. Rives to tiie Senate in Ins speech to-day. Extract from a letter from Mr. Jefferson to Mr. Eopes, dated Monticelio, November 6, 1813. “After the solemn decision of Congress a ! gainst the renewal of the charter of the Bank I of the United States, (and the grounds of that decision, the want oi Constitutional power,) Chad imagined that question at rest, and that no more applications would be made to them **r tne incorporation ot banks. The oppesi ‘; on on that ground to its first establishment, Me small majority by which it was overborne, and the means practised for obtaining it can not be already forgotten. Tne law having passed, however, by a majority, its opponents! true to the sacred principles of suhm'ssion to a majority, suffered the law to flow through its term without obstruction. During tins the nation had time to consider the constitutional question, and when the renewal was proposed, they condemned it, not by their representa tives in Congress only, hut by express instruc tions from different organs of their will. Here then we might stop and consider the memo rial as answered. But setting authority apart, we will examine whether the Legislature ought to comply with it even if they had the power.” [He proceeds then to argue against the ex i psdtency of the measure, and to deprecate the paper system, and to expose the nature and extent ot the oppression and taxation imposed upon the people by the banking system.] But it is pretended by another anonymous witness quoted by the Intelligencer, that, in 1816, after Mr. Madison signed the Bank charter, Mr. Jefferson resigned his opposition to a National Bank. In looking, after our re turn from the Senate, over his letters, pub lished by his grandson, we found one to John Taylor of Caroline, in 1816. In this letter to John Taylrbr of Caroline, dated May 28, 116, several months to the approval by Mr. Madison of the Bank charter, he uses the following language: “ And I sincerely believe with you that banking establishments are more dangerous | than standing armies, and that the principle J of spending money to be paid by posterity | under the name ot funding, is but swindling ! futurity on a large scale.” Having now refuted the statement of the Intelligencer respecting Mr. Jefferson’s opin ion on the subject of the Bank, we subjoin, in conclusion, a few sentences from a letter to Mr. Leiper, dated 10th June, 1815, on the subject of the misrepresentation oi'iiis senti ments by the Federal prints. We quote them as strictly applicable to the new *misrepresen lions of Mr. Jefferson’s sentiments” by the National Intelligencer, and we adopt Mr. Jef ferson’s remarks on this similar occasion, to save ourselves the trouble of making any. “The Federal misrepresentation of my sen timents,'‘which occasioned my former letter to you, was gross enough ; but that and all oth ers are exceeded by the impudence and false hood of the printed extract you sent me from Ralph’s paper, * * * * The word Federal , or its sVnonyme, lie, may therefore, be written under every word of Mr. Ralph's paragraph. * * * * But lies to save division among us, are so stale an artifice of the Federal prints, and are so well under stood, that they need neither contradiction nor explanation. From the Augusta Constitutionalist, July 6. O’ In our two last papers we produced undeniable evidence that Mr. Clay could not depend on the votes of Messrs. Nesbit and King, for the passage of iiis national bank bill in the House of Representatives, should his influence in the Senate be strong enough, as we believe it is, to have it passed by that branch of Congress. We now produce con clusive evidence, that another representative in Congress from Georgia, will not vote for Mr. Clay’s bill. Mr. Meriwether was- a member of the House of Representatives of the legislature of this State in 1838. During the session, resolutions were introduced in regard to the currency, sub-treasury, and a national bank, Mr. Kelly, of Houston, offered the original resolutions, for which substitutes were sub mitted ! y other members. On the 10th of December, IS3S, the original resolutions pre sented hy Mr. Kelly, were taken up. Substi tutes were offered by Mr. Howard, of Mus cogee, and Mr. Brown, of Wilkes.• Mr. Meriwether offered also a preamble and reso lutions, as a substitute for the original resolu tions and for the substitutes previously pre sented. lu this preamble, and these resolu tions, Mr. Meriwither denounces the sub treasury system, and condemns the connec tion between the Federal Government and corporate moneyed associations. The sixth resolution of Mr. Meriwether’s substitute is in the following words, as copied from the Journal of the House ol'Represenlatives, page 179 “Resolved, That the establishment of a National Bank IN ANY FORJ\I, is uncon stitutional, and (lint tiie most danu'erons of any is, such an institution predicated upon the revenues of the government, and issuing trea sury notes for its circulation , the power be ing concentrated in the hands of t!le resi dent, and thereby increasing his patronage*” Mr. Meriwether, in the most solemn man ner, declares a national bank, in any form, to lie unconstitutional. Can Mr. Clay de pend on the vote of this gentleman, for the passage of his national bank bill in the House of Representatives? Notwithstanding the boast of the whigs, that they have a large majority in the House, the passage of a bank bill, in any form, ap pears to us doubtful. We have shown that three whigs, at any rate, cannot vote for such a bank in any form, it may be made to as sume ; and if we could lay our hands on doc uments which we know to exst, we could say how that there are more than three whigs in the House, cannot consistently with de clarations made not very long ago, vote for the charter of a national bank. Thirty-three dats to Jerusalem !—No thing marks the present age more strongly, perhaps, than the wonderful facilities,afforded for travelling. In the improvements steam has introduced into the modes of conveyance, space seems almost annihilated. Half a cen tury ago, and a journey from Boston to New 1 York was viewed a most serious undertaking, not to be engaged in without great considera tion, and, in some instances, solemn prayer in the churches. Now one crosses the Atlantic without hardly a moments hesitation. “The annihilation of space,” save a late number of the North American Review, ‘‘oc casioned by the introduction ol steam into navigation, is in nothing more wonderfully exemplified than in the time with which it is possible to travel from New i ork to Jerusa lem. The fact may be startling to our rea ders, but it i< nevertheless true, that a person favored by circumstances, may reacli Mount Calvary within thirty-three days after leaving Broadway. Thirteen days may take him to | Bristol, two to far is, three to Marseilles, ten to Syria, lour b> Jaffa, and one from there to : Jerusalem. And the French steamboats, ; piving upon the Mediterranean, to Syria, to ■ Alexandria, to Greece, to Smyrna, and to Constantinople, are safe and pleasant vessels, and well found in all respects.” What would M r. Grundy have said at this fifty years ago': —Boston Post. Deaths of Clergymen. —The American I Quarterly Register contains the names of “J'J j clergymen who died during the three months ! preceding the first of January. Ofthcse there ! were Congregational 3, Presbyterian fi; F.pis j copalians 5; Baptist 3; Methodist 8; German 1 Reformed 1; Dutch Reformed 1; Unitarian 1; [NUMBER 23. I not specified 1; Between the ages of 20 aud 80, 4; 80 and 40,0; 40 and 50, 4; 50 and 01*, j ‘4; 00 and 70, 2; 70 an 80 4; 80 and 90,1; not sjiecified, (>. Sura of all the ages specified, 1,138. Average age of the twenty-three, -iJ 1-2. The largest number of deaths was in New Jersey, viz :4. Eleven died iu Oc tober and ten in November. Most of the Methodist lived to an advanc ed age. ( ied Wlison, 02: Andrew Stevens, 75; VY. V,. louder, G 7; Nelson Reed* 83; Christian C. Hill, 50; John French, 71; Al exander Ervin, 42, and Benjamin Benson, 88. Their average ages were 01 1-4. This, we suppose, is a fair average of human life—perhaps rather better than any other class present. The sobriety and general tem perance of a clergyman’s life are favorable to longevity, and more than counterbalance the injurious effect of close study. The Methodist clergymen it appears, live longest. That appears to us a natural result of their labors. Public speaking to a person not afflicted with pulmonary disease, is favor-’ able to health, and the regulations, of that church, which frequently removes a clergy man from one cure to another, though it dis turbs his social relations, relieves him from the necessity of preparing sermons, as those of one circuit will, with slight alteration, do ior another, and it i? generally conceded, as it was in the case of Whitelieni, that unwrit ten sermons are the most effectual on the sec ond or third delivery. Times have changed, and with them few things more than the habits of the dergv, es pecially those ol New England. They per haps were more remarkable for longevity than any other class of citizens. They preached very regularly, and were not called upon, like their successors, to participate in the labor's of a vast variety of philanthropic and religous associations. But even these men of giant minds have passed away, and -when one re turns to inquire for them, the grave stone prates of their whereabouts; and with a sick ening sense of the mutations *of life, since even such must die, one looks into society and exclaims : “Your fathers, where are they! And the prophets, do they live forever !’’— Philadelphia U. S. Gazette. Fattening Poultry.—An experiment has lately been tried of feeding geese v ith turnips, cut up very line and put into a trougii with water. The Gleet was, that six geese, weighing only 9 lbs each when shut up, actually weiged 20 lbs. each, after about three] weeks feeding with this food alone.— New Genessee Farmer. From the N. Y. Courier & Enquirer. INTERESTING BIOGRAPHY. Samuel Gouverncur, Esq is engaged in writing the biography of Jas. Monroe, which’ will probably be one of the most interesting that has been published in this country. Mr. Gouverncur being the son in-law of Mr. Monroe, and having had bequeathed to him all the papers of that illustrous statesman will he enabled to accomplish his undertaking with singular advantages. The fol owing will be one of the interesting passages : When Mr. Monroe was Mimste from the United States at Paris, and when Gen. La. Fayette was confined in the Prison at Oluiutz by the Emperor of Austria, information was brought him, that Madame La Fayette, the General’s wife was thrown into prison, and no doudt in a few days would follow the laie of her mother and grand mother at the guillo tine - Mr. Monroe alone could save her and as Paris was then in the hands of the mob it could only be accomplished by arousing the sympa thies of the people. The destruction of life had been such in every state of life where opu lence was perceptible, that to a T o;d certain death, all luxuries, and splendor, were laid a eide; and the wealthy, instead ofriding in their equipages, either walked or rode in the misera ble vehicles of the city. It therefore created a great sensation when the splendid equipage of the American Min ister’s carriage appeared at the gate of the Prison, and his lady informed the keeper that she had come to see the wife of Gen. La Fay ette. Such a call at such a time was like electricity. The news spread in all direc tions, and before Mrs Monroe drove from the Prison thousands had collected around her carriage, and the feelings elicited by the meeting of two such females in such a situa tion, arrested the axe of the executioner and eventually set the captive free* The feel ings of Col. Monroe cannot be realized du ring the absence of his wife, lie could not accompany her, as that would have counter acted the feeling he knew must be awakened *o cave the prisoner. Madame La Fayette met Mrs. Monroe she was in a state of perfeeffphrenzy, supposing that she was led.out to execution, and when she found her self embraced by the Lady of the American Minister, .within the walls of that gloomy prison where but a few days previously had been led forth to execution her mother and grand mother, it was for a long time before she could realize her situation. Mrs. Monroe as sured her she should be saved, and that her husband had determined to risk all if it. be come necessary, to accomplish her deliver ance. Mail Robbery. —The following memoran dum was endorsed on the Milledgeville letter package of 3d July-, received at the Post Office in this city on Tuesday evening: “The mail of 6th June from Augusta to Milledgeville, was robbed at Warrenton by some negroes. Two of them are now in Jail at that place; some money, drafts and execu tions have been found on them.” I he letters from Savannah of 4th June, for Milledgeville, Macon, and other Western of fices. we learn from our Post Master, were in that mail. —Savannah Republican, July 8. llow to keei> a Prisoner. —The Boston •Past relates the following mode of practice of the late Sampson Wood, once Sheriff of Mid dlesex county, Massachusetts: lie often had to convey desperate prisoners from one part of the country to another, and when night came, he used to iron himself hand and foot to his prisoner and go to bed, and address him thus: —“You.can now go to sleep if you like, or let it akne. * For my part, f shall go to sleep. You can't get away with out waking me up, and carrying me with you. You have got one arm and one leg free, and so have I. Yet yon may make out to kill me, but if you do you'll have to carry my carcass with vou, and that will be proof enough to get you hanged for murder, so, you see, i. shall stick to you like death to a dead Nigger, any way you ran fix it Good night.'” It, is hard ly necessary to say that with this queer mea sure of precaution no prisoner attempted to escape from Sampson. From the Philadelphia Sentinel. j Yv'e have arranged the States according to I their population in the following list.-New I York of course takes the lead. New York. Pensylvania, Ohio, Virginia, j Tennessee, Kentucky, North Carolina Mas : sachusetts. Georgia, Indiana, South Carolina, ! Alabama, Maine, Illinois, Maryland Missouri : Mississippi. New Jersey. Louisiana, Connec l cut. Vermont, New Hampshire, Michigan, | Rhode Isiand, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, I lowa, District oi Columbia, Wiskoiioiii. From the Augusta Constitutionalist, July 10. We alluded in our last paper, to a resol recently adopted by the legislature’ of Ne- Hampshire, which related to the contwc between Georgia and Maine and Virg. New York. Since we have received the cord Patriot, from which we have taken Hit following particulars respecting that resolu tion, and others adopted at the same time. In the House of Representatives c; ."V ■ Hampshire, June 30, Mr. Raker, i,.... committee on the judiciary, to whom ha., referred the subjec t of the controversy t. tween Maine and Georgia and between Vir ginia and New York, made a report to wlreh the following resold o s were appended; 1, Resolved, That the constitution of fhc- United States was established by the peoj 1* ‘ the States respectively, the people ot State acting in their sovereign capa<*..y, ;o a party to the compact. > 2. Resolved, That each State is sovc -c g within its own Territory* except , ofr sovereignty may l:c abridged by tJ lion of the powers specified in the i Constitution* 8. Resolved, That the Federal Government is limited in its jurisdiction, but within its ap propriate sphere, is paramount to the autho: of the States. 4. Resolved, Thai it is the duty of the 1 . ‘erel Government to provide for the fait! observance ol the stipulations contained in the Federal Constitution. 5. Resolved, Tliat the refusal of ore S‘n 1 Ito surrender a person charged with the com mission of a crime within another Stale, .u . who shall fiee from justice, is in open di.—; gardofthe plain letter of the Constitution, subversive of the peace and harmony of tie Federal Constitution was established. | tv Resolved, That the Executive oftb : >. State, be requested to transmit to the Lxe* - ,, tive ot the several States, to be laid befor respective Legislature?, and to our S and Representatives in Congress, to l before that body, acopyof the above It - i , and these Resolution,*. These resolutions were taken up : “ n t si 2d, 3d, and itii resolutions were adoj,.. Upon the sth resolution the yeas and i: were called. A Whig member, Mr. Batch-: der, stated that he was not ashamed to cai. himself an abolitionist. He felt th;<> *’ : principles involved in those resolution of vast importance,.and he was op; them. Alter some debate the yeas and 1 , were called, and the result was as stated i our last paper, yeas 160, nays 51. The V i resolution was then adopted. Multum in Farvo.—The atrocious !nipn donee of the Distribut ion proposal, is fu forth in the following extract from the speech of Mr. Gilmer, of Virginia: “The bill to distribute the avails of the p’ lie lands is therefore equivalent to a direr naked proposition to borrow money to di : bute it among the States, or to raise money by taxation in order to the same distribution ‘ amounts to the same thing. Itisapr.; to borrow four dollars that v, e may give aw or.c dollar—to borrow twelve millions t! tw may give away three millions. Is that sound economy ? I advocate economy; an l rot r \ in the calm and the sunshine of the < low meat, but when the storm arises and the wii •. blow in all their fury. I have always been re advocate. 1 believe there will be less viH-.- in a Republic just in proportion as economy dies. ‘‘Neither a borrower, nor a lender he ; For loan oft loses both itself and friend ; And boirowing dulls the edge of husbandry ” Economv is the peculiar duty of this (l eminent, but we are now under the necci of borrowing. I will not go hack to in how we got ltere. Suffice it tossy wc have debt?, and we must pay.them. . Wc owe money, and every honest man means that wc shall pay it. The question is, while we are borrowing money to pay our debts, will you give away the proceeds of the public lands?” —Charleston Mercury, July 9. Mail Robbery.— The mails between D/Hl -and Augusta, which was made un on ihe oth of last month, and lost on if re 1 have been found at Warrenton, many oi f ; letters and packages pillaged, and, we leru.i through the politeness of the Post Master at this place, who furnished us yesterday with the perusal of a letter to him on the :-üb;eet, that two negroes have been arrested and mitted to jail for the commission of the robb r About three hundred dollars in Central i>>. bills were found upon them, and checks, dr,.He &c. extracted from letters, amounting to sev eral thousand dollars, have also been recover ed. The particulars as .to the robbery are tot given, nor do we learn from the letter whe l jr the mail was taken from the rail road ore* r near Warrenton. An investigation is b had, by which we hope all the parties, if thm be others concerned with the negroes pi ed, will be exposed and punished Ti e tmb ingof this mail relieves many from great -n - pense, as well as post masters from ; - yt: as several important letters and re; . ..fie. tions of value were forwarded by being received, and until now no* ■ ‘.- est information being had respecting v. become of the mail, of that date, hadbe (3 excite some interest here, and suspicions no',, vy were resting upon the post masters and mail contractors between Ibis and Augusia. Wc presume the facts which an investigalion of this robbery will exhibit, will prove the importance of greater care as to trusting the .. mail to negroes.—Federal Union. Indian Barbarities. —A few days since Uvo wagons going from Port Leon to Monii celio, were captured and plundered by a band of savages, and horrible to relate, the drivers, negro men, were tied each to a tree and bea ten to death with clubs. This outrage oc curred within three miles of Magnolia, and within e;ght or nine of a military station oc cupied by regulars, a detachment of vvl went next day in pursuit of the murderei - The day following, a citizen journeying horse hack from Port Leon to Monties was fired at by a small party of savag no doubt ihe same band—a ball passed through his hat. Does the government in tend ever to suppress these cruel and isorders. [Tallahassee Floridian. Barque Olive Burnt. —The barque Oliv— Peterson, which airived at the quarantine ground on the 30th tilt, from Apalachicola, was discovered to be on fire about Yi o’clocic on Wednesday night, and was consumed.— Vessel and cargo a total lose. The fire \v:. so rapid that the crew were only able to save a part of their clothing. !i broke out new the camboose. Some of the crew were ta keif oil by the Custom House bargee*, ‘.hat. place. The Olive was cotton loaded, and consigned to Bogert Su Kneeland. She still remains at her anchors, burning. We un derstand that the amount of cotton on board was 000 balc3. The cargo is insured in Wall street. P. S. Tlic barque was towed into nine he. water by the agent of the under writeis du ring yesterday, and scuttled. Someth : .T the hull, ami lower tackle, and a small part of the cargo, will be saved. The barque was seventeen years old and of course not of first rate value, though a good vessel, and worth at least; it is said, §4,000. She was owned iu Newport, it is believed.—Journal of Cos tnerce. Front llit National Intcli'o> nccr. OFFICIAL. Appointment by tle President —By and with the advice and consent of the Sen? are. Brigadier General Winfield Scott, Major General bv Breve*, to be Major General June 25, vice Major General Macomb, deceased.