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tralization of power. The trus American
system pre-supposes the diffusruti of freedom
—organized life iu all ihe parte of the body
politic, as there iaorganized life m-every pari
fthe human system. _ Jackeoiv was deaf to
evert counsel which sought to subject gen
eral labor to central will, ilia vindication
of the just principles of Ihe constitution de
rived ittf ssblimiiy from his deep conviction
that tins strict construction is require J by the
lasting welfare of the great laboring classes
of the United States.
To this end, Jackson revived the iribuni
cal power of the veto, and exerted it ttga-invl
the decisive action of both branches of Cun
gCess, against the votes, the wishes, the en
treaties of personal and political friends.—
‘•Show me,” was his reply to them, “show
me express clause in the constitution au
thorizing Congress to take the business ol
of State legislatures out of their hands.”—
‘•You will ruin us all,” cried ,a firm partisan
friend, “you will ruin your party and your own
prospects.” “Providence,’’ ausweied Jack
son, “will lake cars of me,’ and he perse
vered.
In proceeding to discharge the debt of the
United Shales—a measure thoroughly Ainer
icau—Jackson followed the example ol his
predecessors; but he followed it with the fill I
consciousness that ho was rescuing the
country from the artificial system of finance
which had prevailed throughout the world;
and with him it formed a part of a system by
which American legislation was to seperalo
itself more iteinoreeffcriually (rom European
precedents, and develope itself more and ,
more according to the vital principles of our
political existence.
The discharge of the debt brought with if,
of necessity, s great reduction ol the public
burdens, and brought of necessity, into view,
the question, how far America snould follow
of choice, ihe old restrictive system of high
duties, unde#which Europe had oppressed
America; or how far she should rely on tier
own freedom and enterprise and power, de
fying the competition, and seeking llie mar
kets, and receiving the products ol tho world.
The mind of Jackson on this subject rea
soned clearly, and without passion. Iu the
abuses of tire system of revenue by excessive
imposts, he saw evils which the public m nil
would remedy; and, inclining with the
whole might ol Iris energetic nature to the
side ol revenue duties, he male his earnest
hot tranquil appeal to the judgment of Un
people,
The portions of the country that suffeied most
severely from a system of legislation, which
in its extreme character as it then existed, is
now universally acknowledged to have been
unequal and unjust,- wuc less tranquil; and
rallying on the doctrines of freedom, which
made our government a limited one, they saw
m the oppressive acts an assumption us pow
er which was nugatory, because it was exer
eised, as they held, without aulWity from
the people.
The contest that ensued was the most mo
mentous in our annals. The greatest minds
In America engaged in the discussion. Elo
quence never achieved sublimer triumphs iu
the American Senate than on those occasions.
The country became deeply divided ; and
the antagonist elements were arrayed against
each other under forms of clashing authority
menacing civil war; the freedom of the sov
eral States was invoked against the power
of the United States ; and under the organiza
tion of a Stale hr convention, the reserved
tights of the people were summoned to dis
display their energy, and balance live authori
ty and neutralize the legis'ation of the cen
tral government. The States were agitated
with prolonged excitetiv-nt; the friends ol
freedom throughout the world looked on with |
divided sympathies, praying that the union i
of tho Slates might he perpetual and als >
that the commerce of the world might be
free.
‘Fortunately for the couniry, anrl fortunate
ly for mankind, Andrew Jackson was at the
helm of sta e, tho represents ke of the
principles that were to allay excitement, and
to restore tho hopes of peace and freedom. —
By nature, by impulse, by education, by con
viction a friend to personal freedom —by ed
ucation, polit cal sympathies, and tho fixed
habit of his mind, a friend to the rights of
the Stales —unwilling that the liberty of the
States should be trampled under foot—
unwilling that the constitution should
lose its vigor or be impaired, he ral
lied for the constitution: and in its name be
published to the world “The Union : tt must
be preserved.” The words were a spell
to hush evil passion, and to remove oppres
sion, Under his guiding influence, ths favor
ed interests, which had struggled to perpetu
ate unjust legislation, yielded to the voice of
moderation and reform; and every mind that
had for a moment contemplated a rupture of
the Slates, discarded it forever. The whole
influence of the past was invoked in favor of
Iho constitution —from the council chambers
of the lathers, who, moulded our inst.tut ons—
from the ball win r i American independence
was declared, the clear, loud cry was utter-!
ed— 1 tiie Union, it must be preserved.”—
From every battle-field of tho revolution—
front Lexington and Bunker Hill—from Sar
atoga and Yorktown—‘rom the fields of Hu
taw —from the canebrakcs that sheltered the
men of Martotl—the repeated, long-prolong
ed echoes came up —“the Union, It must he
preserved” From every valley innuriand—
Irom every cabin on the pleasant mountain
sides—-from the ships at our wharves—fretn
the tents of the hunter in our westermost!
prairies—from the living minds of the living j
Mill ions of American freemen—from the j
thickly coming glories of futurity ihe shout j
went up, like tne sound of many waters, “the j
Union, it must be preserved.” The friends j
of the protective system, and they who had j
denounced the protective system—the slates
man of the North, that had wounded the cm - .
stitution in their love of centralism—the J
statesman ol the South, whose minds had ;
carried to its extreme-tile theoiy of tho Si ate |
rights—all conspired together; all brcaili and
prayers for the perpetuity of the Union. Un
der the prudent firmness of Jackson—under
Ihe mixture of justice and general regard for
all interests, the greatest danger to our insti
tutions was turned aside, and mankind was
encouraged to believe lhatour Union, like
our freedom, is imperishable.
The moral of tho great events oftliose days
is this : that the people can discern right, and
will make their way to a know lodge of r ght;
that the whole liuimn mind, and therefore
with it the mind of the nation, has a continu
ous, ever improving existence; that the ap
peal from the unjust legislation of to-day
must be made quietly, earnestly, petsevsr- j
ingly ;to the more enlightened collective !
reason of to-morrow ; that submission is due
to the popular will, in the confidence that the
people, when in error, will amend their do
mgs; that in a popular government, injustice I
is neither to be established by fi.rce, nor to!
be resisted by force ; in a word, that the
Union, which was constituted oy consent musi
be preserved by love.
It rarely falls to the happy lot of a states
man to receive such unanimous applause 1
from the heart of a nation. Duty to tiie dead |
demands that on this occasion, the course of j
measures should not pass unnoticed, iu the ,
progress of which his vigor of character most
dearly appeared, and Ins conflict with op.
posing paries was most violent anil protracted.
From his home in Tennessee, Jackson
casie to the Presidency resolved to lift Ameri
can legislation out ot the forms of English
legislation, and to place our laws on the cur
rency in harmony with the principles of our
government. He came to the Presidency of
the United Slates resolved to deliver the
Government from the Bank of the United
Mtates, and to restore the regulation of ex
changes to tho rightful depository ol that
power—th*-commerce ol the’ country. He
had designed to declare his views on this
subject in Ins inaugural address, bul warper
mailed to relinquish that purpose, on the
ground i bat it belonged raijier to a legisla
live message. When the period fbrtHldFSSs
iug Congress drew near, it was at it 1- urged,
that to attack the bank would forfeit his ; o, u- ,
larity and secure his future deloat. “It is
not,” he answered, “h is not for my-ielf that
I care.” It was urged that has'e was unne
cessary, as the bank hid stilf six ur.exp iStL
years of chartered existence. ‘1 may die, I
lie rephedy “before another Cos ngress comes
together, ands could not rest quietly in my j
grave, if l failed to do what l hold e-sential •
lo the liberty of my country.” And bis first |
annual message announced to the country
that the hank was neither constitutional nor
expedient. In this he was in advance ol (lie
friends about him, in advance ol Congress,
and iu advance of his party. JMsis an time
far the analysis ol measures or the discussion
of question* of political eeunoiny: on tire
present occasion, wo have to contemplate the
character of tho man.
Never, from the fust moment of his adinin
is'rat.on to tho last, was there a calm in the
sit tie of parties un the subject of (lie currency;
and never, during the whole period, did lie
recede or falter. Always in advance of his
party —always having near him friends who
cowered before the hardihood of his rourage
—he himself, thr. uglioul the whole contest
was unmoved from the first suggestion of the
UuconstitutinnaUly of the bank to the moment
| when he himself first of alb reasoning from
the certain tendency of its policy, with sin
gular sagacity predicted to unbelieving friends
the coming insolvency ol the institution.
The storm throughout the country rone
with unexampled vehemence; his oppo
; oeti‘s were not satisfied with addressing the
public,or Congress, or ins cabinet ; they
threw their whale-force personally on him.
From ail purls men pressed around him, urg.
mg him, entreating Inin lo bend. Congress
was inflexible, many of his personal friends
faltered; the impetuous swelling wave rolled
on, without one sufficient obstacle, till It
reached Ins presence; bn', as it dished in its
highest fury a; his feel, it bloke before his
firmness. The commanding majesty of his
will appalled Ins opponents and revived Ins
friends. 11-, hiii.self had a proud conscious
iness that his will was indomitable. Stand
ing over the locks of thi? Kip Raps, and look
ng out upon the ocean, “Providence,” said
lie to a friend, “Providence may change my
determination; but man no more can do it,
ihail he can remove these Rip Rips, which
have resisted the rolling oeean I’m m the be
ginning of lime.” And though a panic was
spreading through the laud, and the whole
credit system, as it then existed, was crumb
ling io pieces,ami crushing around Inin, he
stood erect, like a massive column, which the
heaps ol tailing ruins could not break, nor
bend, nor sway Irom its fixed foundation.
[At this point Mr. Bancroft turned toad
dress the Mayor of the c ty of Washington;
but finding him not present, lie proceeded.]
People of Ihe Distiict of Columbia: l
should fail of a duty on this occasion, if 1
did not give utterance to your sentiment of
gratitude which followed Gcnctal Jackson
into retirement. Dwelling amongst you,
bo desired yor prosperity. This beautiful
city, surrounded by heights the most attrac
tive, watered by a river so magnificent, the
home of the gentle and the cultivated, not
less than the seal of political power—this
city, whose site Washington bail selected
was dear to Iris atleclions; and il he won
your grateful attachment by adorning it
with monuments of useful architecture, by
e labfishing its cr- dir, and relieving ils bur-
I dens, he regretted only that lie had uot the
opportunity to have connected- himself still
more intimately with ycur prosperity.
As he prepared to taue his final leave of
rho District, the population of this city,
and the mass that had gathered from around
followed his carriage in crowds. All in
silence stood near him, to wish him adieu ;
and as she cars stalled, and he displayed
his grey hairs, as he lilted his hat in token
of farewell, you stood around with heads
uncovered, 100 l ull of emotion to speak, in
solemn silence gazing on him as he depart
ed, never mote to he seen in your midst.
Behold the warrior and the statesman,
his work well done, retired to the Hermit
age, to hold converse with his forests, lo
cultivate liis farm, to gather around him
hospitably his friends ! \V ho was like him?
lie was still the lodestar of ilie America i
people. llis fervid thoughts, frankly utter
ed, still spread the fl me of patriotism
through the American breast; his counsels
were still listened to with reverence ; and,
almost alone among statesmen, lie in his
retiiement was in harmony with every on
ward movement of his lime, llis prevail,
inginfluence as isteil to sway, a neighboring
nation to desire to share our institutions;
his ear heard the footsteps of the coming
millions that are to gladden our western
i shores ; and his eve discerned in the dim
I distance the w hitening sails that are to en
liven the waters of the Pacific with the
social sounds of mu successful commerce.
Age had whitened his locks, and dimmed
his eye, and spread around him the infirtni
ties and venerable emblems of many years!
of toilsome service ; hut his heartbeat asl
warmly as in his youth, aid his cou'nge
was as linn as it had cvei been in tho day
ofba'tlo. But while his afleetions werestill j
j lot his friends and his country, his thoughts
j were already in a heller world. That ex
[alted mind, vliieb in active life had always
i had unity of perception and will, and w hich
jin action had never faltered from doubt, and
I which in counsel had always reverted to
! fiist principles and general laws, now- gave
| itself up to communing with the Infinite.
| lie was a believer, Irom feeling, from ex
| perience, fiom conviction. Not a shadow
j of scepticism ever dimmed lire lustre of his
| mind. Proud philosopher ! will you smile
jin know that Andrew Jackson perused rev
erently his Psalter, and Prayer-hook and
Bible ? Know that Andrew Jackson had
faith in the eternity of truth, in the imper
ishable power of popular freedom, in the
destinies of humanity, in the virtues anil
capacity of the people, in his country’s in
stitutions, in the i-eingand overruling Provi
deuce of a merciful an I ever living God.
The last mom it of his life on earth is at
hand. It is the Sabbath of the Lord : the
brightness and beauty of summer clothe the
fields around him ; nature Is in hei glory ;
but the sublimes! spectacle on that day, on
earth, was the victory of his unbleucliiug
spirit over death itself.
; When Ire first fell the hand of death upon
| him, “May my enemies,” ho ctied, “ find
(peace; may the liberties of my country j
endure forever.”
i When his exhausted system, under the
I excess of pain, sunk, fur a moment, from
debility, “Do not weep,” said lie In his
! adopted daughter, “my snflrrings are less
j than those of Christ upon the cios for
j he too, as a disciple of the cro.-s, could have i
(devoted himself, in sorrow, for mankind. I
j Feeling liis end near, he would see all his
I fir mily once more ; and lie spoke to them,
‘one by one, in words of tenderness and af j
j lection. His two little grand children were |
absent at Sunday school. Ho asked for
them ; and as they came, he prayed tor
then), aqijjiissed them, and blessed them,
llis servants were then admitted ; they
gathered, some in liis room, and some on
ihe outside of the house, clinging to tho
windows, that they might gaze and hear.
And that dying nr- n, thus surrounded, in a
gusli offcivid eloquence, spoke with inspir
ation. of God, of the Redeemer, of salvation
through tht ulni-.einent, of immortality, ol
heaven. For he ever thought that pure
auJ undefiled reTrgion wax the founflarion of
private happiness, and tne bulwark of re
publican instuulions. Having spoken of
iimnorfality in perfect consciousness of his
own approaching end, he bade them all
farewell. “Dear children,” 6ueli were bis
final words, “dear children, servnnls, and
fiienilx, T trust to meet you all in heaven,
botii white anil black—all, both white rind
black.” And liavbrg borne his testimony
loirnmortality, he bowed his mighty head,
mid, without a groan, the spirit of the great
est man of his age escaped to the bosom of
his God,
In file, his career had been like the blaze
of the sun in the fierceness of its noon-day
glory ; his death was lovely as the mildest
sunset ol a summer’s evening, when the
sun goes down fiu tranquil beauty without a
elomi. Tot he majestic eneigy if an indo
mitable will, he j-.ined a heart capable of
lire purest and most devoted love, rich in
the teinlerest allcetions. On the bloody
battle field of Tohupeca, he saved an infant
that clung to the breast of ils dying mother:
in the slormiest moment of his presidency ;
at the imminent moment of his decision,
he paused vn- Lis way, to give good counsel l
to a poor Suppliant that hail come up to him
for succor. Os the strifes in which he was
engaged in bis early Me, not one sprung
Irom himself; but in every case he became
involved by standing forth as the champion
;of the weak, the poor, and the defenceless,
ito shelter the gentle against oppression, lo
protect the emigrant against tlie avarice of
the speculator. llis generous soul revolted
at the barbarous practice of duels, and by
no man in the land have so many been pre
vented.
The sorrows of those that were near to
him went deeply into his soul; and at the
anguish of 1 lie wife whom he loved, the or
phans whom Ire adopted, he would melt
into tears, and weep and sob like a child.
Neman in private lire so possessed the
hearts ofall around him—no public man of
ibis century ever returned to piivate life
with such an abiding mastery over the
affections of the people. No man with truer
instinct received American ideas—no man
expressed them so completely, or so boldly,
or so sincerely. He was as sincere a man
as ever lived. He was wholly, always, and
altogether sincere and true.
Up to the last, he dared do anything dial
it was right to do. lie united personal
courage and moral courage beyond any man
of whom history keeps the record. Before
the nation, before the world, before coming
ages, lie stands forth the representative, for
his generation, of ihe American mind. And
the secret oHiis greatness is this: By intui
tive conception, he shared and possessed all
the creative ideas of his country and liis
lime. He expressed them with dauntless
intrepidity ; he enforced them with on im
movable Will ; he executed them with an
electric power that attracted and swayed the
American people. The nation, in his time,
had notone great thought, of which he was
not the boldest and clearest expositor.
History docs not describe the roan that
equalled him in firmness of nerve. Not
danger, not an army in battle array, not
wounds, not wide spread clamors, not age,
not ihe anguish of disease, could impair in
die least degreo the vigor of liis steadfast
mind. The heroes of antiquity would have
contemplated with awe the unmarehed
hardihood of his character; and Napoleon,
had he possessed liis disinteieste 1 will could
never have been vanquanished. Jackson
never was vanquished. lie was always
fortunate, lie conquered the wilderness;
he conquered the savage; he conquered the
bravest veterans trained in tho battle fields
of Europe ; he conquered everywhere in
statesmanship ; and, when death came to
get the master over him, he turned that last
enemy aside as tranquilly as lie had done
j ihe feeblest of liis adversaries, and escaped
j from earth in the triumphant consciousness
of immortality.
His body has its fit resting place in the
great cential valley of the Mississippi ; his
spirit rests upon our whole?territory ; it
hovers over the vales of Oregon, and guards,
in advance, the frontier of the Del Norte.
The fires of party spirit are quenched at his
grave. His faults and frailties have per
i-heil. Whatever of good ho has done,
lives, and will live forever.
From the N. Y. Morning Ni-wj.
CIIRONOIOGY OF THE BIOGRAPHY OF
C.IiNEK tL MCKSON.
1767, March 15.—Born near Waxliaw
settlement, South Carolina, of parents re
cently emigrated from Ireland.
1781. —Entered the revolutionary service
at the age of 14. Taken prisoner, and woun
ded by a British officer for spirited resis
tance to a degrading order.
1784.—Commenced the study of law at
bali.-diury, N. C.
1780. —Admitted to the barinNorth Caro
lina.
1788. —Accompanied Judge M’Narey to
lire Southwest Territory, now tire Stale of
Tennessee. Ejected to Congress in same
year, and took his seat in the House of Rep-
I resentatives, Nevember22, 17!)G.
1797.—Elected U. S< Senator, and took
his seat N"V. 22, 170?.
I 1799. Resigned his place in the Senate,
and appointed judge of the supreme court of
Tennessee.
1800—Chosen gnr end of militia of Teti-
I nessee.
j 1812. —Raised 2.500 volunteers for the
war with Great Britain, and .55,000 on Ins
own personal credit to prov.de fur their com
fort.
1813. —After the massacre at Fort Minims,
by the Creeks, look command of the Ten
nessee troops with a recently fractured arm,
and in six months terminated the border
difficulties.
1814. —Appointed brigadier general in the
United States army. Concluded advanta
geous treaty with the Creeks—reduced Pen
sacola-forced the surrender of Fort Barran
cas, and dispersed the Bnlish and Indians
harbored and protected there by the treache
ous conduct of the Spanish governor, Mann
qnz—November 9. Arrested the advance of
jlnc British to New Orleans by a daring
night attack, December 23. Repulsed lire
attack under Sir E. Packeuhani, with great
lo?s to the British, December 28.
1815—January 1, repulsed another rs
sault. January 8,3,700 American militia
men won the great, victory o! New Orleans
over 9,000 of Wellington’s invincihles, re
pulsing their attack w ith a loss of thirteen aw
one side &■ 2,600 on tho other. January 24’h,
fined SIOOO by Judge Hall for opposing ha
beas corpus issued by said judge during ex
istence of martial law, for Ihe re'ease if Lou
allier, arrested by General Jackson for ex
citing mutiny in Ins camp. The amount of
the fine being collected by the ladies of New
Orleans, Jackson directed its distribution
among the widows and orphans of those who
luid lallen in defence of the city, paying tho
fine himself.
1817.—Marched against tlie Sotninoles in
Florida, executed two incendiaries stimula
ting the Indians, Arbtirthnot and Atnbrister.
Again entere Pensacola and took Fort Bar
rancas, to which the Spanish governor had
relreatod, July 28th.
1821. —Appointed first governor of Flori
da after its cession to tho United States.
1822. —Nominated as a candidate for 1 lie
presidency by the legislature of Tennessee.
1823. —Declined appointment as minister
to Mexico.
1824—Received plurality of votes for
presidency, but the election devolving on Ihe
House of Representatives, Mr. J. Q. Adams
was chosen. Gen. Jackson elected to the
U. S. fdcuuto from Tennessee.
1825—Again m initiated for the presiden
cy—resigned seat in Senate,.
1823.—Elected President of the United
States.
1829. —lnaugurated March 4 h—delivered
first annual message Dec. Bth.
1830. —Vetoed live Maysville road bill,
May 27(h.
1832. —Vetoed the United Stales Rank
bill, July Kith,re-elected President in Nov.
—issued South Carolina proclamation, Dec.
Iliii.
1833. —Nullification message, Jan. 16. h-second
-second inaugural address, Match 4'h—remo
val of the govermnnet deposites from the Bank
of the United States in Oct.
1834. —Protests against the impeachment
res dutiou, April 15;h.
1836. —French indemnity message Janua
ry loth; Texas message, Dec. 21st.
1837. —The impeachment resolution thro’
ihe indomitable persevarance of Ben
ton expunged from the record of the
Senate, January 16th—larew ell address, Mav
3d.
1844. January 9th—On rbe 28th aniver
sarv of the victory of New’ Orleans, the
House of Representatives refunded the fine
of HXH) imposed by Judge Hall—concurred
in by the Senate. Februory 14th.
1845. Died at ttie Hermitage, near Nash
ville, June 8:h, at aboutO p. in.,at peace with
God and man, forgiving Ins enemies, praying
for Ins country, and ripe for immortality.
POLITICAL..
From the Daily Union.
BEWARE OF THE GREED-EYED MON
STER.
“Ti isles light as air
Are, to the jealous, cor.fi l illation strong
As proof ot holy writ.*’
We have seen in private letters, as well
as in the public prints, suspicions expressed
that the present administration is favoring
one portion ol the republican partv, at the
expense of another. Sometimes a jealous
friend of Mr. Calhoun suspects Mr. Polk
ol leaning towards the friends of Mr. Van
Buren. Sometimes the Vail Buren men
suspect him of leaning towards Mr. Cal
houn. An officer is removed; then some of
the over-jealous friends cry out, ‘lt is be
cause he is a Calhoun man.” Then some
applicant applies unsuccessfully for office;
he and Ins Iriends raise the clamor that he
is in vain recommended by the Van Buren
men, nml that ilie administration is leaning
towards Calhoun Em. Passing over ihese
superfluous and improper classifications of
the republican party according lo the names
of certain distinguished men, we deny at
once that there is any foundation for any
such suspicions in regard to the motives
and course which are idly ascribed to the
administration. Mr. Pull: is in office but
lor four years. He positively di-claims a
second term. \\ hat interest, then has to
give away the offices of the government to
I this or that man—to this or that section
for the purpose of serving himself,"or of fa
voring a successor? He was elected by all
—he must bo supported by all. His true
policy is to do equal justice by all; to favor
none; to curt nine; to satisfy all by his jus
tice; to offend none by his partiality. We
know that tl.ls has been Lis course; and
that he means to pursue it. With these
impressions for the correctness of w hich,
we pledge whatever of character we may
possess —we lay before our readers an ad-
I mirahle eoin'iiuntca'ion fiorn a gen leunm
! in this city, than whom none better under
stands the views of the administration, or
jibe interests of the republican party.
I To the Editor of the Union :
I Notwithstanding your repealed intention
j to “know no cliques,” s- me of your repub
lican friends seoin determined that you
j .-hell know them, and recognise not only
! their existence, but their power. (Vote, it
j is insi-tfdyou are bound, heart ami soul, lo
| the fortunes of Mr. Calhoun, and anon you
j are denounced as a verilable"old Hunker,’
| plotting for the statesman of Lin
deuwuljJ. Iu vain you protest otherwise,
i both for yourself and for the President: you
are told that facts deny y our professions anil
that the President's partiality is too inani
f'est to bo doubted And thus you are
so strangely set over, at the same time,
from each division to its opposite, that, were
it not that you have a safe inner guide
io direct you, you must frequently lose your
own position, and really wonder whether
you aie yourself nr somebody else. A has
j ty “observation,” however, cannot (ail to
I show you not only your oivn position, hut
j also the peculiar d.ificul ics of a President,
I who strives among too jealous friends to
! hold the balance even, vvnen each of them
would like to see i incline a little towards
i his own wishes and aspirations. To besus
i peeled by both, does it uot ndicaie paitali
j ly to neither?
We have read on the sameday. the cen
j sure, in New York, of Mr. McLane's lat e
! appointment to England, and its approval
jin Souiii Carol.na; while these States seem
|to reverse their positions w hen they speak
of the new collector in New York, Mr.
Lawrence. Any man who will, von extend
j tiiis list of pros and cons, and satisfy him
|self, wo think, that President Polk selects
his officers, not from one clique, or anoth
| er, hut from the whole democratic party.
I But the “Charleston Mercury” still gives
j wing to the unfounded suspicions if its
friends- A letter-writer from N. Y. devotes
i a column la prove the V n Buren bait of tlie
1 new administration, and the Mercury al
| lows him a prominent place for his labor.
1 it is useless to quote it entire, hut we can
not help noticing one or two of liis chaiges.
j They indicate the credulity of a jealous
man,and the hard judgment of a uncon
tented man. First raking open the ashes of
Ihe last Baltimore convention, and attribu
ting Mi. Van Burcn’s defeat to the friends
of Mr. Calhoun, he claims that the cause
“ought, if ju-tice or gratitude prevailed, to
enlist (for the I alter) the cordial sympathy
and support of Mr Polk;” and then Ire pro
ceeds to charge the adiiiinis riion with a
j general proscription of Mr. Calhoun’s north
ern friends “How happens it,” he asks
‘‘that not only are all Mr. Calhoun’s friends
removed Irom office, but not one of them at
tho North has yet been found worthy of an
appointment?” The answer to this ques
tion is, t hat ru) such thing has happened.—
Calhoun men, in hwge numbers, at ibis ino
tnent hold office at the North; and in some
of the States it is a subject of actual com
plaint that they receive more than their
share of presidential livor. Tne writer
speaks of Massachusetts. Does he know’
Mr. Rantnul, the United States district at
torney there, or Marshal Barnes, of similar
preferences? He talks of New Hampshire.
Does he believe Mr. YVoodbury without
consideration? He speaks of Maine. Does
lie know her U. Slates marshal and half
her collectors? Let him enquire carefully,
and lie will see how Ire has been misinform
ed in this matter; and a litile cool reflection
will convince him, we hope, that he has
too hastily used his inaccurate inlorination.
He cites nineteen cases in New Hampshire
of officers removed for their Calhounism;
and yet Mr. Jenkins, the alleged execution
er, was appointed, we leel sure, with the
full consent and approbation of Mr. Wood
bury; & that it is very likely lire Secretary of
tire Treasury consulted Mr. W. about the
appointments of inspectors, which were
submitted to the Secretary for bis official
confirmation. lie says, 100, that “in one
city (Portland) ten democrats of unques
liunable fidelity have been removed to make
way for old hunkers and Calhoun haters ”
Now, wo do not believe that there have been
ten removals in Portland, all told since the
administration came in; and we doubt if a
single dt moera: lias been removed there. —
Nay, we ’are coiifklem that it would be Very
bard to find ten cases in all New England,
of officers removed who are the fr.ends of
Mr. Calhoun; and eertainlv it would be dis
ficull to point out one single officer who has
been removed because he was a Calhoun
man.
Our southern friends do not understand
this matter. There aresome instances,at the
North, of ivhtgs wh j became Tyler men to
liohl their offices, and w bo, when they are
removed for their want of meiit, call them
selves victims to their Calhoun opminns—
But these political trucklers would no more |
be recognised by Mr. Calhoun, if lie knew !
them, as deserving h s favor, than they have t
been recognised as entitled to the support
of those who have removed them. There
are other cases, of men its subordinate sta
tions, both Vail Buren men and Calhoun j
men, who have been removed because j
they should have nevci been appointed, .
and were not desired by the people. These
two classes, and a third one, embracing
those to whom the ‘ rotation” doctrine may
have been applied, will account for all the
changes which liavetaken place attire North
in subordinate positions.
Let us add, that injustice is done to the
great southern st.tesman, when all those
are reckoned against him, who dcs red to
see Mr. Van Buren President lor a second
time. Mr. Cal oun has nutnerousadmirers
at the North among those who belong lo
this very class—admirers who remember
his brilliant services, and w ho, in prefer
ring for the late canvass the New York
candidate, did not allow t! emselve- to be
unjust to his leading competitor. To de
nounce these men as “old hunkers” —to in
sist upon their being considered against Mr. ‘
Calhoun, is lo treat unfairly both him and
them; and to create anew opposition, in- ■
stead ol soothing an old one. “Not a sin
gle friend of his in the cabinet,” exclaims
the Mercury's correspondent. Rather say,
alt frit nds of bis, and friends, too, of each
and every greai man in the democrat ie par -j
ty; not fi icndly lo one, to the exclusion of
another, hut honoring the worth and ri joi- j
ciug iu tire success ofall.
li should not be forgotten, too, that in !
some poriions of the country, where Mr.
Van Burens’s friends were la geiy ascen
dant, (Ire appointments will na'ura’ly be
made, o a g eat extent, from among them-,
while, ot other sections of the Union, the
very reverse will bo the case. How many
Van Buren nren hold office in South Caro
lina? Aid what would the Mercury think
of a New York paper, which complained
that Van Buren men were martyrs there:
to their opinions? Let our friends be just ‘
to each other on this point, and they will
find an additional reason to justify the ap
pointments which, on one side or the other,
arc occasionally censured. Some respect,
certainly, is due to the wishes of the peo
ple among whom a public officer is to dis
charge his duties; and, to ask the President
to disappoint them, simply because their fa
vori e prefers Mr. Van Buren or Mr. Cal
houn, is to ask him to deviate from his neu
trality, and to take sides with one of lire ihf- j
firing parties. This he has not done: this
we believe, lie icill not do. Elec led by the
united party, he will not hazard its harmony
bv any act of bis. Wlial ever h justice bis
friends may do him, he will do no injusiice
to them , but strive lo justify the high confi
dence which they reposed in Ins wisdom
and discretion when they gave him their
suffrages for ihe most el v .tcd staiton in
the world. Ilow difficult it is, amid tile
disagreements of fiiends, to preserve a just
neutrality w i bout a sacrifice ol indepen
dence, and without vacillation of act on, w ■
need not say; but we may ask for the ad
ministration a fair judgment and honest test.
Let it be tried by any reasonable standard,
and it must be found deserving of its popu
lari y.
To do his duty to the natio", can be the
President’s only wish. Fudged in one term
oidy, and without any thought ol an cond,
what personal aspirations can Ire have to
gratify—what si llisli ends lo promote by h:s
official act.-? His wind.; carter attests his
love of r.giit, as well as his sagacity lo per
ceive it; and, iu liis present offi e, these
traits, we doubt not, will bo ever f mud con
spicuous. Guided by r a deep sense of duty,
Ire will not be driven from his intentions,
either by the harsh judgment of friends, or
the open censure ot enemies; bnl adhere,
to tire end ol’his tern), to that wise policy of
neutrality which the people so hear i.y ap
prove—a policy which is calculated tu bar
mouize rather than distract the party, and
of which the ‘•Union” is a fitting organ.
A few last w ords, and we forbear. There
was a lime when “ principles, not men,”
secured the universal cri ed of the American
democracy; & often,united by the spirit of this
motto, have they been rallied to glonous
victory. Has this time gone by? and are
our future contests to be mere contests a
bout men—unwo thy striii g for personal
supremacy or official spoils? Let us l ope
not. Let us beheve that the prominence
now given among us to names and offices,
is not tooudast the temporary excitement
hy which it is occasioned, but is soon tugive
place to a discussion ot principles, and a
manly consideration of na ionai measures.
fcSueh a change is necessary lo our (arty’s
strength. Standing on the platform if prin
ciple, w e are as powerful now as in the days
of Jeflerson or Jackson; But, divided about
leaders, or squabbling about spoils, nothing
can save us from a deserved overthrow.—
Let every true republican, then, bo on Ins
guard against those thousand jealous es
which once excited, it is so difficult to allay!
j Let him keep himself aloof from any &all al
i fiances which threaten to disturb our coin
j inon union! And lot. him never forgelthat
| his duty to liis principles is far higher than
| his obligations to any individual. We have
i hut one faith; let us be milled in ils support,
j We are brethren of the same political lam
j iiy; let us cherish the virtues of concord
! and charity 1 We have a common enemy
j to figiit; let us so meet him as to be sure of
j victory. A DEMOCRAT.
The puny effort made to produce a pre
judice in the public mind against Mathew
Hall McAllister, Ly the publication us hiJ
correspondence with Mr. Habersham, and
by the comments made upon his acceptance
of the office of District Attorney, is as ridi
culous as it is futile. The only etlict it can
have will be to arouse the indignation of his
personal friends and admirers a! this attempt
lo impugn his patriotism and fealty to his
native soil, and to induce them to rally to his
suppoit, regardless of lies to a party that
would thus assail him. Nothing could more
strikingly illustrate the conscious weak
ness of the whig party, than the spectacle
this presents of their catching, in their sink
ing toilunes, upon what was less than a
straw floating upon the political waters. How
little it was regarded,'as affecting the position
of Mr. McAllister, independent, of the direct
sanction bis course received even from his
political opponents is evidenced by his re
peated election to various officers m the gift
of his native city and county. The charge
thus absurdly conjured up, is tiro merest, sha
dow of a shade. It does not aspire to the
dignity of even a respectable ghost. It could
not frighten children. It will scarcely cause
serious alarm to the Democratic party.
[Augusta Constitutionalist,
Whenever a pickpocket gets out of ptac
tice, be needs some little exertion to get his
hand in.
foreign. |
From ihv N. Y- Journal of <J. mmerce. |.
ARRbVAL OF TIIE ACADIA.
FIFFSEM DAYS X.ATFR FROM ICL'R FE-
The -tram packet Acadia, Capt. Ilsrri
son. arrived at Boston, Thursday evening
at II o’clock, in a few hours over 13 days,
from Liverpool, ‘l’he Acadia took Ihe place
of the Hibernia, which was detained for
repairs. She brings papers to the 19ih till.
The Britannia, which leit Boston, June 1,
arrived at Liverpool oil the 13th, in a pas
sage ot 124 days.
There was a orand meeting of tile League
at Covent Garden Theatre, on the evening
of the 13th. The accounts of recuip's ol
funds by the League was read, from which
jit appeased that the receipts to lire League
fond to Dig 14, 18-14. amounted lo .£B6,
0011; subscriptions this year, £s,'j3-2; re
j ceipts through the Bazar £25,016, nr*king
a total of Jj 116687. Tiie reading, of the
i receipts was received with immense cheer
ing.
The Duke and Duchess de Nemotws ar
rived on the 5 I) uit. at Buckingham-Palace,
on a visit to the Q.ueen of Great Britain and
Prince Albert
It is said that Thomas Moore is to
write the fife ol the late Reverend Sydney
Smith.
Dr. Simpson, Dr. Macleod of Morven,
and Dr. Macleod of Dalkeith, have been ap
pointed bv the General Assembly of the
jCliurch of Scotland, a “Deputation to A
merica.” We do not understand the pre
rise object of their appointment.
American Cotton tx India —lt appears
from a report of the Bombay Cuamber of
Commerce, that the experiments in growing’
American cotton in India, have not been
entirely unsuccesslul, particularly in the
j neighborhood of Hyderbad, under the su
j perintendence of Capt. Meadows Taylor-
I The following is an extract fiom lire- Re
j port of the Committee of the Bombay Cbaiu.
.ber:—
j “Your Committee place in the appendix
jto the present report the letter of Captain
! Taylor, relative to the samples, which |
, give a favorable account of the progress!
j making in the culture of New Orleans, Sea i
I Island and Bourbon Cottons. It is graiify-i
! ing to perceive that the nat.ve growers are j
I engaging actively in tire cultiva 1 ion of these
j var,dies, and that instead of being with dif
ficulty persuaded to make the smallest ex
1 peritnent—as has too of eu been tire case
j before in other localities—t hey evince the
I greatest eagerness to obtain seed for sowing.
| The crops of Bourbon and Sea Island, on
j the bank of the Krishna, are described as
i most luxuriant —and the success of the
j New Orleans appears to be beyond a doubt.
Captain Taylor states that he lias given di
rections for the whole us lire Cotton grown
from the seed furnished, to be collected and
mid scut to Sholapore, anil he adds that he
purposes afterwatds forwarding it to Bom
bay, in order to ascertain its value in our
market. Your committee trust that the
time is drawing nigh when we shall be
able to calculate on a regular supply of such
cotton. There can be no doubt that it
would fetch a good price here for shipment
jto the home markets, that it would amply
remunerate both grower and dealer.”
Liverpool, June 19.—Trade is still
flourishing in hli its departments. The de
mand for colonial and foreign products
whether sugar, wool, cotton or cuff c, con
tinues on an extensive scale,and prices gen
erally have an upward tendency, notwith
standing the attention ol capitalists is ra
tlier and reeled to railway shares and other
• cheines. New c Kloti mills of immense
size are spiinging up in all parts of Lan
canshii e, and more are like y to lie built.
N (withstanding the fact that co .sinners
already hold a.consiiler.able slock of cotton,
the continued lowness of price tempts them
io keep buying, consequently tire daily
sales are heavy, Without any advance
in prices. It is generally acknowledged
l.bivt the markdkhas seen its Lowest point
ol depress on, no immediate
rise need be ft aieV yet Me circumstance of
the present iinporJflkajfly dealing the out
lay, induces tin in as de for a
time; and the is not so well
and freely met as tiy wtould suppose from
the fact of so iinrftt in a iorluight,
amount): g to
The agriculturalwirs are more satis,
factory than at period re the
present century, is every appear
ane-: of an overwlu^pi^Kjproduce es every
Kind, which souipi(jreasure, prevent
prices advancing mo rapidlyS There has
been tidcr.ihly good employ for money, and
the hankers are enabled to get fuller rstes
of interest.
Liverpool, June 19. — Ihe Maynooth
Grant Bill has passed into law. The Irish
College Bill will most probably be read a third
time and passed in the Commons lo day.
its progress having been delayed in order
that the opinions of the Irish Roman Catho
lic Bishops might have the opportunity of
being submitted to the House, thmugh the
Irish members, who have all at mice mag
nanimously swallowed the leek, in imita
tion ol ishakspeare’s Ancient Pistol, and
transferred their per ons & most sweet voi
ces from lire Dublin Conciliation Hall toSl.
Stephen’s, in Westminster. As regards the
corn-laws, and all other obs’ruciions to free
trade, ii is our opinion that the question is
one merely ol t me, and when S r Robert
Reel sees the expediency of the ac , he will
have no hesitation in ca l ng upon-his obe
li ent majurfiy to seal their doom. Neither
do we expect that he will, for any long pe
riod of time, refrain from proposing an en
dowment—to arise from a rent charge on
land—lor the Roman Catholic clergy of
the sister Island. And Ire seems to be sat
i-fied that lie is the only man capable ol
performing it.
The Corn Laws.—ln the Commons.
June 10th, Mr. Viilers moved tor a commit
tee of the whole house on his resolutions for
the abolition of ail restrictions on the im
portation of foreign corn. Sir J. Graham
declared that ihe prosperity ot agriculture
must depend on the prosperity of other
branches of native industry; and mat the
substitution of protecting for prohibitory du
ties is the keyrstoue ol Sir Robert Peel’s
policy.
Ireland.— Tho repeal agitation is as ac
tive as ever, and the leaders equally san
guine ol success and determined tu obtain
it.
France—The fortifications of Paris are
•to be armed. The carpenters of Paris have
struck for higher wages.
Switzerland.—Nothing from this coun
try.
Spain and Portugal.— We learn that
Madrid had recovered from its panic. The
elections in Portugal on the 14 of August,
were expected to be favorable lo the minis,
try.
Sweden. —The diet has closed its ses
sion, after passing some popular and ne
cessary measures for the good ol the peo
ple.
Holland. —This country is about to re
duce its tarifl.
Russia. —An immense army is being
raised, for tho purpose of prosecuting the war
in the
Belgium. minJpr of Americans
are residing at B^ssels^^V
Greece. — some trifling
disturbances in tliim^Rom.
Syria. —A civil of an exterminating
character, and Chris
tians still continjfl^
<wcamers between
France and Slates has been re-
Madame St. Mars, a French authoress,
aged 14, has married a Prince of Moldavia,
aged 22.
The Prosse announces the approaching
marriage of lire Duke de Bordeaux witba—
daughlei of tiie Duke of Modena-
Orders have been received at Toulon for
imuiediate’y equipping three ships of the
fine for the coast of Morocco. •
Tne beat in France has latiDy teen ws
tense. The Parisians attribute it to be the
comet.
The Grand Duke Constantine sf Russia
is expected in England on the 17th of the
present month; greai preparations have beea
made by the Russian embassy lor h's recep
tion.
The English fashions are now-alltlie rag
in Paris—even to the shaving ol beards, al
though the moustache and a liberal allow
ance of whiskers are still retained.
Important from Mexico.
From theN. O. Jiflfcrfoninn Ke;mti icari.
VERA CRUZ. June 84, 18)3.
Government is marching troops into the
interior, no doubt destined for Texas, and
every kind of preparation going on for war.
They are actively engaged in preparing the-
Castle of St. Joan de Ulloa for a vigorous
defeme. We shall have war, and of that
there is not a shadow of a doubt. Orders-
Uave been received hereto remove the public
archives to JaJapa, whiih looks rather war
like.
Gen. Rangcl,the chief conspirator in the
affair of the 7th, ill Mexico, has bean con
demned by the court martial to ten years
imprisonment. The sentence has passed to
the Supreme Court Martial, and it is thought)
that tins sentence will be changed to that of
death. Gen. Tornel “has been sent to the
army on the frontiers of Texas. Ex-President
Bustainente arrived in Ihe last packet from
England, offering his long s-wurd to the gov
ernment in defence ot Mexico’s rights against
the United States. It is thought tliat he will
be ordered to the command-m-ch el of the
i army for Texas.
I Ali isTanxiety to hear the final action of
j the Texans on this great question,, which will
I be the signal for these fcliinvs to ect.
j Ail Mexican produce is on- the rise.—
j Cochineal has risen $2 the arroka in the last
j eight days, and is scarce. Yours, &c.
Dim Manuel Rincon, General of Divisiotv
aril Constitutional Governor of the Depart
ment of Mexico, has-published, tire following
proclamation •.
“The Minister of Foreign Affairs has com
municated to rne the follow log decree:.
Jose Joaquin de Herrera, General of Di
vision & Rres.dent ad interim of the Mexica*
Republic, to the citizens thereof.
Be it known —That the General Congress,
has decreed', and the Executive sanctioned,
lire following :
The National Congress of the Mexican
Republic considering—
That the Congress of the United States ol
tire Vopth, has, by a decree, which its Execu
tive ha 6 sanctioned, resolved to incorporate
the Territory of Texas with the American
Union ;
That this manner of appropriating to itself
territories upon which oilier nations have
rights, introduces a novelty, endangering the
peace of tho world, and violating the sover
eignty of nalii b* ;
That this usurpation, now consummated bo.
the prejudice of Me.ve", has been in insidi
ous preparation lor a long time ; at the same
time that the most cordial friendsl) p was pro
claimed, and that on Ihe part of tins Republic
the existing treaties betweea it and those
States were respected scrupulously and le
gally ;
That the said Annexation of Texas to the
United Sie’es, tramples on the conservative
principles of society, aitai-ks all the rights that
Mexico has to that territory, ie an insult to.
her dignity as a sovereign nation, and threat
ens her independence anil political existence;
T..at the law of the United States, in re
ference lo lire Annexation of Texas to the U.
■ States, does in no wise destroy the rights that
Mexico has, and will enforce,npo the De
part rneui r
That Ihe United States, having trampled
on the principles which served as a basis to.
the treaties ol friendship, commerce and navi
gation, and more especially, to those ot bound
aries fixed with precision, even previous to
1332, they are considered as violated by that
nation ;
And finally, that the unjust spoliation of
which they wish to make the Mexican nation
the victim, gives her the clear right to use
all her resources and power, to resist to the
last moment said Annexation ;
it is decreed :
Ist. Tho Mexican Nation calls upon all
her children to the defence of her national iu*-
! dependence, threatened by the usurpation of
Texas, wlueh is intended to be realized by
. tire decree of Annexation passed by the Con
gress, and sanctioned by the President,ottli®
r United Stales ol the North.
. 2d. In consequence, the Government will
call to arms all the forcesofthe army, accord
ing lo the authority granted it l>y the exist*
i ing laws; and, for the preservation of public
order, for the support of her institutions, and
in ease of necessity, lo serve as a reserve to
the army,the Government, according to tha
powers given to it on the 9th of December,
1844, will raise the ccips specified by said
decree, under the name of •* Defenders of tha
Independence and ofthe Eau-s.”
(Signed) MIGUEL ARTIST AN,
Preside).t of the Deputies.
FRANCISCO CALDKEN,
President of ths Senate.
Approved, and ordered to be printed and
• published.
JOSE JOAQUIN I)E HERRERA.
A. D. LOUIS G. CUEVAS.
Pal ice of the JVat ionat Government, I
City of Mexico, June 4,1845. y
THE WEATHER. Cll‘iP.B, fie-.
South Carolina. —Tho Anderson (?•
zette of the 4th lost, says : —“This lias been
thus far, the most remarkable season we eve*
knew ; ill many purls of this District, lb©
ground lias not been wet since March, and
the cherished hopes of many farmets are al
most entirely blasted. It is sickening to th©
heart, and desponding to the feelings to be
hold on many farms the parched up, withered
and unpromising ajipearance of the growing
crop.”
From the Pendleton Messenger ot the 4th.
—“ln a very few neighborhoods io this dis
trict the seasons have been moderately good;
but in others there has been scarcely rain
enough to run in the furrows since March ;
and, generally, it has been very dry. We
have had very hot weather; but a few morn
ings ago the thermometer came down to about
95, and fire was quite comfortable.”
Alabama. —The Caliawba Gazette of tlia
2d insl- says--“A general drought seems to
pervade the whole country ; in every direc
tion from which we can hear, the crops are
suffering for rain. The corn crop is a total
loss in many places—rain cannot save it.
The cotton crop is much injured, hut it, un
like corn, can in a measure bo reclaimed by
future showers. Many of the planters in this
county will not make com enough to supply
their wantstill February. Agentleman who
lias just returned from Tennessee, informs
us that from Ditto’s Landing on the Tennes
soe river to this place, the corn crop has great
ly suffered for rain.’’
Louisiana—Tho Baton Rogue Gazette
says :—'lTie drought for come time past lias
dried up the corn and sugar cane. However,
last week some parts of this Parish were vis
ited with showers highly beneficial to thosa
in the favored range.