Newspaper Page Text
FOBEION.
From ihe New York Morn ng News, I lib *iM.
ARRIVAL OK THE STEAMER
GREAT BRITAIN.
ONE WEEK LATER FROM EUROPE.
Yesterday, at noon precisely, tlie great
monster steamer the -‘Great Britain,” was
telegraphed, aid the anxiety which has been
visible in this city for some days past in re
lation to her became at once intense. The
word passed from mou'hlo mouth that this
extraordinary vessel was entering out harbor,
and ihou.-auds ruslud to the Battery, ihe
Brooklyn heights, ardevery otherspol wh cli
would afford a favorable view of her, as she
proceeded to her dock in the East R ver.—
As is usual on Sundays a large part of the
population of this city had resorted to Staton
Island, Coney Island, and other places favor
able for relaxation ami healthful exercise,and
as a consequence a greater number were
gra'itied with a sight of the Groat Britain
than could have been at any other time. All
the piers, too, from the Battery to the Allan,
tic steamship pier, at the loot ol Clinton stieel,
w-.-re likewise crowded by anxious thousands,
nbi.se wonder and astonishment was louiiiy
expressed as they saw and comprehended her
vast proportions and bcainitul sailing quail
lies. At each of her six mats was flying
the flag of sonic Euiopean nalion, ami one
which was a combination of the English and
the United States, in beau'iliij unity. She
tired lour guns as she passed the Xorlh Car
olina receiving ship and entered the East
Rivet, which were answered by the cheers
of the assembled delighted multitudes. She
sailed on the 20th tilt., at 4 P. M., and was
•ill'Governor’s Island yesterday at 3 o'clock ;
she has therefore made her voyage in iest
than Id days. Captain Hoskins, has gained
additional honor as a naval Commander by
this successful trip of so huge a sea monster.
He has resolved the problem whether so large
a vessel could make a tolerable voyage, oft
the principle of propulsion, Htrengines, we
are informed, worked admirably all the way,
and were never stopped until they had i
occasion to sound on George’s Banks, off
Sandy Hook, at 1 P. M., August lOtli, being
11 days and 20 hours from her lime of sailing
although westerly winds prevailed ail the
way, at times Iresli gales and ugly cross
seas, and the latter three or four days thick
fogs.
This splendid iron ship—the largest vessel
we believe in the world—was launched, or
rather floated off, from the dock at Bristol in
which she was built, on the 9;h of July, 1343
in the immediate presence of Prince Albert
and a large concourse of noblemen and
gentlemen, and families of the first distinction
Irom nearly every quarter of the kingdom, as
well as many thousands of spectators belong
ing to that town, and congregated on the ad
jacent heights, and every available point of
view on shore, or from vessels on the river.
An account was published of the magnificent
spectacle, and of the grand banquet that fol
low ed the launch, at which upwards 500 in
dividuals of high rank, including ladies ofti.
tie, and many gentlemen, eminent in the
scientific world# sat down to do honorto what
might be called live national occasion (which
xvill long remain a prominent feature in the
annals of Bristol,) and to pay their respects
to his Royal H ighness Lite Prince, who pat
ronised it by his presence.
The following are the dimensions of the
Ship:
L'ngih of Kml 889 feel.
*• fioin I'murc-htad lo tnffrail 388 “
Extreme width, 5J 11
Dtqiih of hole from tinner or par
deck S2J ••
Burthen, by old measurement, shorn 34-I'd lows
Power, 2 engines, 500 horse power
each 1000 “
Holler (square) 31 feet by 22 in height,
p nrnaci'3. 24—12 forward and 12 ball,
fcjnoke of piston 6 feet
Displacement of water when draw
ing about 16 feel (or loaded about 3000 tona
Stowage for coai, 1100 “
“ good additional, about 1200 *•
Will accomodate about 360 [.assengeiß
And dining accommodation for 380 “
Crew, and Flit-men, 350 persona.
The vessel is entirely built of iron, ith
the exception of the boarding of her decks
and some of her cabin finings and carved
work. Her model is somewhat peculiar, vet
accordant with the taste (when she was
built) of many nautical iti?n, and the speed
she has since attained, together with her good
sea gualitics, prove that their opinions were
well founded. Her sides tumble, or tail in,
a good deal towards ihe top deck, from abob! I
the middle of her length to the stern, giving
her a man-of-war appeorance and a whole
some retundity in the after body. Abreast ol
Ihe boilers, which are forward of the longi
rtudinal centre, her sides are rather flatfish,
rbut she has after all, abundance of bearings
for a steamer, and more aloft might have pro
duced heavy rolling in a sea-way. ller bot
tom hearings are ample and she is finally
moulded with ashar.p entrance, approaching
to the plough form, and an equally fine run.
Her upper works, like most of the Bristol
ships, are plain, but substantia', in finish.—
The hull is formed of iron plates, decreasing
in thickness from the keel upwards, and an
gle iron riba ot great strength. The plates
aro not, however, so thick In proportion to her
size as those of some iron vessels since con
structed, particularly those built North
Birkenhead, (for war purposes,) but she is
nevertheless a very strong ship, being bound
.securely by rods on the tension principle.—
The plates ol her keel are from J inch thick
in the ruidUe, to 1 inch at the ends, and all
the plates under water are from i to 4 inch
*1 the top, except Ihe upper plate, which is
§ the. She is chiefly clencher built, and dull
bte riveted at many paints. The ribs are six
inches by 34, by 4 mch thick at the bottom
of the vessel, and 7 1 Gilts at the lop. ller
rig is that of what may be called a six.mast
ed schooner, with fore and aft sails, and
lugger top sails, with die exception of the
mainmast, (the second from the bow,)
which will carry a square mansail and a
topsail ovei it. She has lour decks, and
the upper,or spardeck, is 308 feet in length.
The engines are somewhat on the patent of
Sir Mark Brunei, with die cylinders, in
place of being uprigh,t standing on an angle
of about GO degrees- The main shall lot
the turning of the screw, and which is of
great length and large diameter, was made
at the Mersey Iron Works, in Liverpool;
and.is itself a great cur.usily.
On lliespardeck there are eight Sky.lights
for the fore saloon, nml one large light over
i the engine room. The under decks and
apartments have borrowed lights from these,
and also circular lights in the sides of the
1 ship—-the latter of plate glass an inch in
| thickness. The companions, or entrances
I from the deck, aro fitted with doors on cither
I side, so as always to have a weather and a
I lec door, the former of which may be closed
I during gales. The windlass is on a patent
I principle. The heel bow er anchor w eighs
I about jhree-tons, and tts iron chain cable
is ofifi inches diameter in the metal of the
link. The bow is enriched with cat ved work;
in the centre are the royal arms, surrounded
,by the emblems of the arts and sciences of
i tile empire, und (in illustration of the pow.
I er and speed of the ship,; representations of
iths thunderbolt of Jove and the caduceus
<if Mercury. .
Perhaps the most interesting portion of
the whole structure is the machinery, and
the screw, by which she is prop. bed. Ihe
latter is ot*he same principle, hut
modified, as that invented by Mr. * ■ ‘ •
Smith, of.lie Patent Ship Propeller Lout pa
ny, (who supplied If.) und who some years
ago, exhibited it at Liverpool in the Archi
medes.
lioiler and Machinerv.
ft. in.
B.nler, (square on plan) ul util ” 33 0
Length ot'ilrcs, 6 0
Width of Unto, aQ
Toial surface of fire ba* (fevl superficial) 281 0
Ch-mm-jr (diameter) 8 0
Height ofdaio, about 45 0
Diameter of four cv linden,, 7 4
Length of main wroiighl-triui shah, 15 9
D ame'er hi centre tor driving-wheel, 2 3
Wo glu in ihe rough, as from die forgo,
cpwards of 16 Inna.
Diagonal framing for support of skat, of
very hard and strong foreran wood.
Cranks, ilricknass at large hole, | 6
Width at die bead, 3 6
Diameter of largo driving- alp el, 26 0
rigger on screw shaft, 6 0
Keel uiutengkrew, 12 Inches wide on the
lopAae ,8 inches under face, 5 inches
Sc-cw
real re—rudder 6 feet 6 inches wide al
hot ton).
Distance between do stern posts, 11 0
Height of screw about 15 0
The boiler platform is of (date lion, sup
ported upon ten iron kelsons, of which die
centre ont.-S arc 3 feet 8 inches deep. These
kelsons are formed like the floorings of iron
plates placed on the edge.
The hall is divided into five distinct com
partments by means of water-tight iron
bulkheads.
The whole of the materials and workman
ship, both of ship and machinery, appear
to boos die first order.
On die angle iron beams of the lower
decks dicre is an iron plate of from 2 to 3
feet wide by half an inch thick, running
along against each side of the vessel, the
edge of which is fined up against ihe ribs,
and riveted on the flat angle iron beams.
This continuous plate is made ol die ordina
ry boiler plales, united at the end wish a
i jointing fillet, “single riveted,” to each, and
over it ate laid the deck | tanks, to which
they are billed ; it being, therefore, firmly
secured between the beani9 and planking,
cannot fail to aid very materially in resisting
any sudden and partial resistance externally,
and to maintain the original form.
The upper, or main deck, is planked
longitudinally 2 inches thick in the middle,
i 6 inches near the sides, front which there is
a mass of timber lorming the “water-ways”
increasing from about six inches to about 2
feet in depth against the outside plating,
forming a cuive smfacc against the ship's
sides above and below, to admit of which
die iroa beams are bent down at the ends.
The plashing of the first saloon deck consists
also of longitudinally laid planks, C inches
wide, 4 inches thick, with “waterways”
10 inches thick at the sides ; and, as it lies
on the before-mentioned boiizontal plales,
the projection is all above the suifaee of ihe
deck. The planking of the third deck Jims
across the ship, with 6x4 inch ‘water-ways,’
as iri iHat immediately above.
The boiler presents a great space of heal
ing surface, and is amply strong for cou-j
dousing engines. The foundation plate of
die engines has a conical depression of about
12 inches, into which the piston dips ; this
depression fits into the. bend of the ship, and
is therefore taken advantaged in depressing
both faces of the piston, and also dishing
die cylinder cover to about eight inches at
the centre, thereby allinding ihe connecting
rod to be that much larger. The piston i<
cast with its top and bottom face, arms, and
outer ring, in one piece ; and for the pur
pose offiliittg in the keys to fasten the rod
there are two holes, into one of the spaces
between the arms, through which the fitting
and fastening is performed, and which holes
are then stopped by circular plates, with
valve mitre edges, and made fust. The
rubbing,or ‘.metallic” suifaee of the piston,
is one ring of cast iron, cut open at one point
with .a half lapped joint, depth seven to
eight inches to he packed behind. The nuts
for holding down the screws for the packing
ring arelurned cylindrical, aid inserted into
holes of 24 inches diameter, drilled into the
top of the piston. The holes to be expand
ed by hei.r, and the nuts insetted cold, sons
to be held in by friction, and secured by a
tap-screw. The shells of the piston valve
are brass cylinders with steam openings,
as shown hv the sections, having a “twist”
to render the wear more uniform. The
piston valves have a cast iron expanding
ring, as have the cylinders. These pistons
are worked by eccentricities in the usual
way, but the “re versing” is effected by an
eight feet split wheel attached lothe eccen
tric, with an appropriate contrivance to put
it into gear.
j The walls of the afteror principal protne
na(i„ saloon ate painted in delicate lints;
and along the’ sides aro several fixed chairs
of oak. A row of “'eil-proportioned pillars,
winch range down t,'.J centre of the pro.ne
nade, setve the double pm” 0- ornament
In the room and support to the In
this saloon, on either side, is a rangC ?.
exceedingly comfortahle state rooms and
sleeping berths. About twelve of those on
each side of the deck will be reserved lor
ladies, as they are made to communicate
with two commodious ladies’ boudoirs, or
private sitting-rooms, measuring 17 feet by
1-1 feet. The advantages of this arrange
ment must ho obvious, as ladies who may
be indisposed, or in negiige will be enabled
to reach their sleeping berths without their
being the slightest necessity for iheir appear
ing in public. The frame work of the stair
cases, communicating from this saloon with
the deck, is of iton. The stairs are far more t
wide and commodious than is genera ly met
with on ship-board. From this promenade
yen descend into the main or dining saloon,
which is 93 feet (i inches long, by 30 feet!
wide. This is really a beautiful room. A |
large sum of money has not been uselessly j
squandered in procuring for it gaudy decora
tions, not harmonizing with ns uses—but
its fittings are alike chaste and elegant.—
Down the centre are twelve principal col
mnns of white and gold, with ornamental
capitals of great beauty. Twelve similar
columns also range down the walls on either
side. Between these latter and the en
trances to the sleeping berths are (on each
side of the deck) eight pilasters, in the Arab
esque style, (of which character the saloon
generally partakes,) beautifully painted with
orieal biros and (lowers. On either side
are seven doors, which open into as many
passages, etch of winch communicates Wiitli
four bedroom. The archway of the several
are tastefuly carved-andgilded, and are sur
mounted with neat medallion heads. Some
looking glasses are so arranged as to reflect
the saloon lengthways at two opposite sides,
from which a very pleasing illusion is pro
duced. The walls of this apartment are of
a delicate lemon tinted drab ltua, relieved
with blue, w hite, and gold. At the stern
end are a number of sofas, which range one
above the < ther, nearly up l.tHite stern lights.
At the opposite extremity is a large room for
the stew ard’s use. The saloon is fitted with
rows o! dining .tables, of sufficient capacity to
admit of 360 persons sitting down to dinner
at one time, with perfect convenience und
comfort. On each side of the forwaid prom,
etiade saloon there aie 30 berths or sleeping
places, and intliesaluon below it 30 on ouch
side, making in all forward, 13J. To the
state rooms there arc passages leading from
the saloons, and running athwart the ship.
Ju the forecastle are berths, 30 in num
ber, for a portion of the crew. The iron
ribs, and the mode in which the ship is riv
eted can be well inspected from this apart
ment.
The lergth of the Great Britain, from her
figurehead to hor tafrail being 321 feet, she
is 60 or .70 feet longer than a line <>f-battle
ship. All the masts, except the mainmast,
arc affixed to the deck by iron joints, and in
the evenl of a strong head wind can he low
ered tike the mast of a canal boat. The dia
meter ot the mainmast below is 34 incites,
and its height bqve Ihe level of the deck
74 leet. 1 tie main lopmastis 55 feet long.
Diameter of foremast 19 itffehes, height st)
fret. The dlmr masts proportionate. Eight
walks round the principal deck are about e
quol to a mile in length. In lire construction
ot the hull and engines, tire enormous quan
tity of 15. 0 tons of iron have been used. —
The rigging is of iron wire rope, offering
less resistance in going to windward than
hemp, which would acquire great thickness
for equal strength. The eugines weigh 340
tons. The main shaft is 23 inches in diame
ter in the centre, and 24 inches in the bear
mgs; in tho rough, before turned, it weighed
10 tons. It has been lightened by a hole of
10 inches in diameter faired through it. A
stream ol cold water passes through the
crank and this hole when the engines are
at work. Tho screw shaft is in one long and
two short or coupling parts. ‘J’he part next
the engine, solid, 28 feel by 16 incites diame
ter. The hollow intermediate shaft 65 feet
by 2 feet 8 incites diameter. The screw
part is 26 feet 6 inches, and also (6 inches
diameter. Tite total length is 130 leet, and
it weight altogether 38 tons.
The displacement of the Great Britain
will be rather less than 3010 tons when loa
ded, with 1200 tons of coal on board, while
the displacement of a first rate frigate, with
all stores on board, is belter than 4500 tons,
although the former s more than a third the
longer ship. The form of the bottom, and
the difference of ten feet in the draft of wa
ter (kite one drawing sixteen leet, the other
five or six an • twenty,) and the finer lines,
cause this great difference in displacement,
and consequently, of the midship section.-
The Gicat Britain’s midship’s section is,
from the same cause, less than tint of a
52 gun frigate, consequently, with lite same
quantity of canvass, the former should sail
faster than the latter, even if their lines ap
proached to similajaty ; but with the Great
Britain’s lines, tm>re than 100 feet longer
than the frigate, and with equal stability, (of
which there is no kind of doubt.) the speed
in sailing alone should be much beyond that
of the frigate, save when Ihe winds are light,
and ihe lofty sails of the frigate tell.
For papers containing the European in
telligence which she brings, we are under
obligations to Captain Hoskins and to Adams
&. Cos., and from them we make the following
summary :
Money continued plenty, and the Railway
speculation unabated. Ail produce neces
sary to manufactures was in active demand
at firm rates. Sales of colton large, at an
advance on North American description.
American stocks were in growing request
at advancing tales.
The death of Earl Grey is amongst the
events of lire day. The father ol the Reform
Act, and four years Prime Minister ol Eng
land, ihe deceased noblemen filled a large
space in the country’s eye during one of the
most tventful periods of its history.
Amongst the signs of the times ntay he
mentioned ihe introduction of a bill by lite
Government, to enable Jews to hold certain
corporate and other offices.
An attempt hae been made—it is hardly
necessary to say it was not successful—by Mr.
Ewart, to procure a repeal of the duty on
those two prime necessaries of life —bread
and cheese. Sir Robert l’eel resisted the
motion, on the ground, principally, that the
lariffhad been so recently reduced, that any
further tampering with it so soon was out ol
the question. The remission of these du
ties would have been a great boon to those
in the American produce trade; but as it is,
the articles are imported, after paying the
duty, and compete successfully with the
home-grown produce.
Fretlerika, Bremer, the popular authoress,
is al out visiting the United Stales.
One hundred female convicts had been put
on board tite Lloyd, lying in the Thames,
for Van Dieman’s Land.
There is now in the House of Commons a
bill which proposes to give compensation lo
the relatives of those unfortunate persons who
may be killed by accident or otherwise.
The subscription on behall’of the sufferers
by fire at Quebec grows apace. Jn Man
chester upwards of JC7OOO has already been
collected. In Liverpool the amount is not a
third of that sum. The Corporation, it is
true, have subscribed JCIOO, and some of the
houses mote immediately connected with
Canada have contributed ; hut towards influ
encing the great mass of the commercial
classes, there has been no effort made.
The Corporation ol London have subscribed
the handsome sum of <s£sol).
The King of Holland has been paying a
visit to England.
Queen Victoria is about to visit Germany.
The King and Queen of Belgium have al
so been on a visit to England.
Obituary. —On the 17th ult-, at Howick
r -'l|, the Right Hon. Earl Grey, aged 81. —
’ |),. i.’i.iT'son, an eminent member of the
I (jlunch ft in his 88th year, during
! sixty-two of wine,'. ha was a tmmsier of the
Gospel. Viscount Camh. rl) h‘ r Vi (better known
|as Chas. Manners Sutton ) wu„ spelter of the
i House of Commons Iron) 1817 lo rS3-l, died
! at his House in Hyde Park, in his 66th ye- I '-
1 Immediately alter his defeat for the Speaker’s
| chair, he was) appointed by William IV to
I perform the important ami delicate office of
! commissioner lor adjusting the claims ol
Canada; but owing to the impaired health id
his lady, he was compelled to resign. Geo.
Lucy, Esq, of the Charlecue Park, near
Stratford on Avon, aged 56. He was tiro
representative of the great Norman house ol
Lucy. Sir William SaltonslaU- Wiseman,
Bart. Sir Henry Tichborne, Bart, Lord
Bateman. Mr. Edward Bolton Clise, M. P.
IRELAND.
Air. O'Connell is about to retire to Derry
nane, where lie proioses to occupy himself
during the recess with the details of various
; measures for carrying out ins views. The
state of Ireland is serious —not to say alarm
ing. The chronic disease of the country—
its poverty—is making itself superior to law.
All O’Connell's influence, great as it is, can
not keep the people quiet, lie cannot fill
their mouths, pay their rente, mitigate the
amazing destitution which, like a pail covers
tire land. At the weekly meeting of the Re
peal Association of the 21st July, Mr. O’Cun
nell acknowledged the receipt of .£l2 from
New York, and read a letter accuxapaylng
the remittance, which animadverted on cer
tain expressions uttered by Mr. O'Connell
on a late occasion, to the cllect that if Eng
land rendered justice to Ireland, she might
calculate on the assistance of Irishmen in en
abling her “to humble the proud eagle of A
inerica.” He explained that wlial he said
on the occasion referred to was, that if Eng
land did render justice, full and ample justice,
to Ireland, she would he in such a position,
through the co-operation of Irishmen, as to
defy “all nations of civilized Europe, and
would be ewen able to pull down the llag of
America itself. Such was the sentiment he
uttered, and he beliived such was the senti
inent of Ireland also. It was in consequence
of the blusleringof Mr. Polk with regard to
the Oregon lernlory, a blustering which had
since ceased, that he had been drawn into the
observations complained of. Mr. Polk evi
dently calculated on a diversion in his favor
in Ireland, should a rupture take |>!jce be
tween England and America, (laving ex
pressed the gratification he felt at the oppor
tunity a Horded him of explaining, he moved
‘he insertion of the letter on the minutes, and
the thanks of .the association to the writer.
O'Connell In a late speech at the Repeal
Association thus draws the picture of the con
dition of Ireland:
The country, lie rogrettedMo say was not
in such a stalo of tranquility as could be de
sired. fi wdtal disturbance was rife in many
countits. In fact the country was not in
such a state for twenty yearspast. Feiman-
disturbed, hut lie could not even
gjfess at the reason, as it was blessed with a
large nmuber of fnost excellent landlords;
but nevertheless the “Motley Maguires,”
were busy in circulating their uotices. That
the country was disturbed there could be no
question; & was it not melancholy to have her
Majesty’s Solictor-General coming forward
and stating deliberately that peace, order and
obedience to the laws existed ?
FRANCE.
The Constitutioncl stales that it is not im
probable that a general election will lake
place in the month of November.
We see by the Paris papers of Thursday,
that, on Wednesday, Marshal Soult, te
buked by M. He Boissy for severity to the
army in Algiers, took occasion lo palliate
the abominable massacre at Daitra. “It
would,” lie said, “have been atrocious in
Europe; but such things are necessary in
Africa; and the exterminated tribe had
committed cruelties on French soldiers.”
The French papers loudly renew their in
dignant piolest on this extenuation of the
atrocity.
The Chambers were prorogued on Mon
day.
ALGERIA.
The late massacre by the French al Daitra.
An elaborate defence is given in the Moni
teur Algerien, of the conduct of the French
at Daitra. As that paper is the official or
gan of Marshal Bugeattd, the article may
be considered as an avowal on the part of
the Marshal, that he is responsible lor what
occurred, anti that Col. I’elissiet only acted
according to orders.
SMYRNA.
A great conflagiation has visited Smiyna.
I The following details ate taken front a pr
ivate letter, dated Fniyrna, July 9, 1345:
l'“Binyrna is again in misery and ruin; a
Mat get and more awful coufiagmion than the
last commenced on tlie evening of the 3d
: instant, continued violently for twelve or
fifteen hours, and upwards of two days in
| hurtling euihers and side files. It began in
the centre of the tow n, aided by a furious
north wind, (which afterwards changed,)
destroying everything right and loir, anti for
i a ciicutnlerencc of at least a mile and a
half. The fire skirted the Jews’ quarter —
burning someone hundred houses—and
then spread to the Grand Vizier Khan and
up to the bazaars. Some filly nr sixty peo
ple may have lost their lives. The Arme
nians are completely ruined, and how bus!
ness, with reference lo old engagements, will
get on I don’t know, though not much mer
chandise has been lost—manufactures to
.£’0,000; valonia perhaps as much. The
religious schisms cause great delay and dif
ficulty in forming a committee of succour.
The weather is excessively hot, and the
supply of water very short at Botidjn. A
fire in this country is dreadful. Many
thousands are compelled to live out in the
open air in the gardens, fed by charity, as
(they must be for some lime; and the first
day ot so alter the file no btead was to be
had.”
Mr. Boiler, the tragedian who visited tit’s
country a few years since, died suddenly at
Manchester.
Atio‘. tfie violinist, is dead. He expired
at Ville d’Arvray, near Paris, on the 2i lit
inst., of consumption, at llie early age of
30, having been born in Brussels, in 1815.
lie was a pupil of tho Krctuzes, at the Pa
lis Conservatoire, and gained great fame in
hislimrsin France, Germany, rind England.
-His last professional exposition was with
Comte Damoreau, to North and South
A liter ica, where lie inet with biihiant suc
cess.
THEATRICALS.
Ol Miss Cushman. Witni'r & Smith’s
European Tims, published in Liverpool on
| tite 20th July, says: Last Tuesday was
the concluding night ol Miss Cushman's
engagement for the present season. The
••Stranger” was the play chosen for lire oc
casion. The part ol Mrs. Haller is no
favorite with us—nevetllteless, asihe ac
tress’s most successful assumption, it was
perhaps, wisely chosen. In other charac
ters, Miss Cushman had show n great pliysi
cal energy and force of passion. In this
she exhibited a quiet power, and a tender
pathos, which lias repeatedly commanded
the applause of numerous audiences, anil
uniformly Jtenetraled the “ ear-red fount of
sympathetic tears.” In concluding our no
tices of this lady, we have only to add, that
for Iter success she has been little indebted
to lite management. The general intTli
cieney of thetjnise cn scene, and ot the histri
onic talent of hercoadjutors, has been mark
ed anti unprecedented in modem theatrical
experience. So far, therefore, the new ac
tress has stood alone, and it is much that
she has contrived to get through, not only
with safety but honor, aootdeal mote than
usually perilous, for mure, we believe, than
eighty nights. Since her final appearances
were announced, she has attracted crowded
houses, and has reason, we think, ‘obc sat
isfied with the great enthusiasm of the au
dience on the evening of her farewell.
! England is certainly gaining ground as a
musical nation. There are at this moment
| (our British artistes *‘ starring in Italy,
namely, MBs Bircht Miss Ba-suno, Miss
Bingley, and Mrs. It. >’• Bishop. Mr.
Jones, a basso, and Mr. Travers, a tenor,
ate also favorites in the land of the stintiv
sky. Build's opeia of “ The Bohemian.
Girl” is to he immediately produced in
Vienna, the composer himself conducting.
This will he the second instance within a
year of a British opera being produced at
Vienna—Mr. Hatton’s having been the first.
Benedict’s “Brides of Venice'’ will be
brought out at Casscl, on the 10: ho! A ugost,
and is also in rehearsal at Weimar and
Munich. Anew opera, by Verdi, is in re.
hearsal at Naples. Donizetti is engaged to
write three operas for Palis—two for the
Italians, and one for the Academic Royale.
Mendelsshou’s music to “GSdipus” will be
brought out at Berlin, at the end of August.
The opera of “LeMenitrier” (the Minstrel)
by Labane, will be the earliest novelty at
the Grand Opeia in Paris. IJalevy has a
comic opera ready for the Salle Favatt, hut
stipulates for the engagement ofDorus Gras,
as the prima donna. F acini’s new opera
tias been quite successful in Italy.
LIVERPOOL COTTON MARKET.
Report for the week ending July do
There is not much alteration in the price of Cot
ton this week. T Ire most marked change is m I'er
name’, wliieli aie pi pci th. liigher;all oihre sorts of
B.azil, us welt as long staple kinds generally, aie
firm and steady,hot m oilier respects much neb- fore.
The same may be said of Amerienn desciiplions nml
Surais. Within the last two days iho demand has
somewhat moderated, but without causing the least
change in the general lone and confidence of our
inai ket. 10,800 Americans 350 F.gvptian. and 1 450
Murat have been taken on speeu'alion; and 3/J3O
American, 230 Pernnin, 300 .V a rail] nn , aid 120
Surat lot export. The sales of the week are. 46,730
hales. _
The Rothschilds. —A curious fact ap
pears in the “Occident,” translated lor that
work from a French publication:
“The w idowed mother of the wealthy
bankersßo'ltschild, while Iter sons anhab
it palaces in London, Paris, Vienna, Na
ples, and Frankfort, still resides in the small
house in the Jewish quarter of Frankfort,
(on the Main) in which Iter husband lived
and died. Upon bis death she declared
that she ‘would only leave for the tomb the
modest dwelling Hint had served to cradle
this name, this fortune, and these children.’
The house is so remarkable for neatness
that it forces the attention of the stranger.
It unfolds a trait of the Hebrews as old as
the affection and respect of the wives of the
patriatchs for their lords,”
From ike Warhtngion Uooti.
SKI2I CUES
Frcjn the files of Foreign Papers receiredal
the Union Office by the last European arri
vat.
‘1 he progress of liberal commercial senti
ment in the British Parliament. —Tails Mag
azine, a business periodical of high standing,
thus alludes to the late astonishing progress
of tho principles of the English Anti-Corn
Law League among the legislators ofßti
tain :
“ The most conspicuous result of the free
trade discussions of the past month, is the
evidence they yield, at every point, of tite
triumphant progress of free trade principles.
It was scarcely to be expecled that (he ri.vi
sion lists should exhibit any remarkable signs
ot advance ; yet the di.ninulton of the majori
ty against Mr. YVflier’s annual motion— to
the amount of 72 votes, as compared with
last year, and of one hundred aid seventy
votes, as compared with 1 -42 —is a symptom
of thomlocline and fall of the laudiord er,
landlord Parliament,
With the exccst of Sir
James Graham^flfli)tillering aMgPip'. al resus
citating
the I’iemier put as ihe de
corums ol official would per
mit, and
worthy of no comment thwt the usual
of one
of the old fallacies made its ap^krance
on occasions alluded to. TLry
vied ministers with
in aiming the facts and principles
League. In many pans of the ministerial
speeches, all distinction between one side of
the bouse and the oilier seemed obliterated.
There was no telling, except from Ihe speak
er's name, whether he was opposing the
free trade motion or s Conding it. Nothing
could be more impressive than the ‘est inouy ,
borne by Sir James Graham, from lii.s official 1
experience and observation, to tne connection i
of cheapness and plenty with fu.l employment 1
high wages, and diminished pauperism, mor-j
taikv, and crime. N w was there ever a
more tact offered to the considers-!
tion of landlords, charged with the legal obli- j
gallon ol maintaining all who cann. t maintain j
themselves, than that staled by the Home!
Secretary,—that during the lour years that
the present ministry have bel<l< ftice, a mil
lion and a halt ol human beings have been
added to the popolal im of the United King
dom—i. e., more than half the population of
Holland, half as many again as the population
of ihe two Canadas. Ihe whole ot the free
traders’ case is thus now affirmed by the
highest parliamentary authorities, ministerial
and ex-ministerial. All the facts and doc
trines ol ihe free traders have been advanced
by Ihe chiefs of one party, and not only as
sented to. hut enforced, illustrated, and ener
getically insisted on, by the chiefs of the oth
er party. Seven years of agitation have, at
length, brought us-to this : that not a man in
the House of Commons, possessed of intellect
enough to enable him to open his mouth
without making himself ridiculous, now a!-
feels to doubt that ‘protection’ is an unjust
and baneful preference of the supposed inter
csls of the ve y few over the real interests
and rights of all ; that ihe liberation of in
dustry and common o from such fiscal re
stricltons as have been imposed fur ot her
than fiscal purposes, ought, must, shall, and
will henceforth, be the policy of the British
government, by whomsoever its powers may
happ ti to he wielded ; that the maximum
cheapness and plenty ol food are a common
right ami a state necessity ; good for the
j revenue, for the rate-payer, lor wages, for
morality, for public health, for every interest
| and object dear to the philanthropist and the
(legislator. There is not a question remain
| ing about the mailer, except as to when ai.d
how ; whether suddenly or cautiously; am!
if‘cautiously, ’ w he her according U) Sir Rob
ert Peei’s or Lord John Russell's definition
of caution. That fabric which has,‘‘osier
twigs for timber, and lard for cement,’ is, by
universal consent, tottering lo its fall.”
And yet another weighfy tcsliimnny in favor
if free trade on the jiart of Britain. —The
following paragraphs from the “British Quar
leily Review,” furmtrly as decii edly in fa
vor of misnamed ‘‘protection” as any journal
in the United Kingdom•
“ Tlte Free Trade Movement. —Perhaps
there never was a social movement constitut
ed of a gieater number and variety of durable
elements, or more lilted to win and retain the
adhesion of widely different classes of minds.
The speoulrfioiis of the philnsnpl er ; the
facts and figures of the statistician; the fi
itancial exigencies of the statesman ; the
business experience and necessities of the
met chant and the manufacturer; the sympa
thies of the philanthropist with hungry and
unrewarded labor ; the indignation of every
honest mind agau.st a public injustice enacted
fora private gain; and the aspirations of
every religious mind toward a stale ol things
which shall realize divine purpose, by sub
duing and replenishing the earth, and fulfil
divine promise by cementing the bands of
peace and good-will among men—all tend
consentaneously in one direction. Freedom
f industry and exchange is the idea of this
;. ..e —the business which the age has taken
in hit:,(l, and will not put out of hand till it is
fairly finished—as truly as the business ol
former periods of our history was the aioli
-sion of the papal power,or the establishment
of representative government.”
We extract the following paragraph from
the repoit of the late annual meeting of the
British ship ow ners’ association- It bears
directly on tlie American shipping interest,
and its therefore worthy of attention :
“By a recent act of the Congress of the
United States, r> drawback is allowed of nc.ir
ly the whole of lite duties paid nit tlie impor
tation of allgnodson the re-exportation there
of, or transit by inland communication lo the
Canadas. The obvious intention of this act
is to render the United States tlte depot for
the supply of tlte But.sit North American
provinces, by permitting the free transit of
commodities through the States ; for which
much inducement may he found in tlte facto!
the diiecl intercourse between Great Britain
and Canada being closed during the winter
season. Into the social and political conse
quences of such a transfer, however, unques
tionably important it is not within the scope
ol the committee’s duties that they should
enter; but, as in the actual state of naviga
tion, its certain results would be also to
transfer the principal portion of tlte carrying
trade lor the supply ol British North Ameri
can ships, they have felt it right to call the
attention of the board of trade to the subject,
in the hope that the attempt may be met with
some effectual countervailing regulation.”
A correspondent of the London Morning
Chronicle, writing from Malta under date of
June 9:lt, discourses of a late visit of an
American man-of-war, thus :
“The ‘Cumberland, United Srates double
banked frigate, bearing the broad pennant of
Commodore Fnriilb, sailed for Trieste on the
Stlth of June. During her slay here, visits
of ceremony were exchanged between the
British commander-in-chief arid the Commo
dore ; and the greatest cordiality between
the junior officers ol the respective nations.
On Saturday Rear Admiral Sir L. Curtis
visited the Cumberland. On leaving the
ship, the admiral was saluted with fifteen
guns; upon which, the United States flag
was immediately run up to the Formidable’s
man, and received a similar salute. VVe
.understand that Sir Lucius was peculiarly
pleased with the Cumberland’s appearance,
and the high slate of discipline on board.
He particularly examined her heavy guns,
and expressed ait opinion that she was an
elegant and powerful ship.”
The following is one of “Punch'll” initnita
biejeux d'esprit ; but whether founded on
fact, or not, our files furnish us no means to
decide :
Military Intelligence. —The Emperor
of Russia has jus! made Ins grandson, a young
prince of three months old, a colonel of the
Imperial Guard. Two captains have been
appointed to assist the young officer—Mrs. j
Btbski to dress him, and Mrs. Tuckerwitz to
nurse him. The regiment has adopted the
uniform of the colonel, viz : lung pelticoals,
lace cap, and the national cockade. They
look splendid in this uniform, though it rather
impedes the movements of the troops on field
days. Tho field officers of tho regiment ride
in superb go carls. A splendid service ol
silver (tap boats lias been presented by the
colonel’s imperial grandmother to the regi
mental mess. When the colonel cuts his
first tooth.’he is to be advanced lo the rank of
major general j when he is weaned, he ; s to
he made,field marsh ill. A baton of barley
sugar is preparing for his imperial highness ;
and the devoted subjects of the Emperor say
he will make as good a field marshal! as a
certain eminent and royal wartior who now
enjoys the saute rank in this country; and
who was seen, at a late review, reading the
orders off a paper on fits saddle, askt.g his
ai.les-de camp ‘What was to be done nex-t?’ ”
Punch.
x Atmospheric llailu'ay —This new inven
tion has occupied more of the attention of
the savans of the United Kingdom within
the pas! three months, than any other ; yet,
hitherto, we have been able to cull nothing
to lay before the readers of the “Union,”
likely to present an idea of its mechanical
construction, although we have carefully
examinedourexchange files with that view.
We find the following report of late expe
riments with an atmospheric railway in the
London Times of the 18th u’t.; which,
though obscure and unsatisfactory, is worth
reading ; because, in America, not one man
in a thousand has the least inkling of knowl
edge respecting this invention, which some
oftlic scientific in Europe unite in declniing
destined to supercede theuse of the ordinary
taiiw ay.
Pilbrow's Atmospheric Railway.—Expe
riments, will a model on a very large scale,
on \% itieli a carriage, in wit ch a lady ot
gentleman was whirled along at a prodigious
tate ol speed, were yesterday exhibited at
ilie Adelaide Gallery, in the Lowther
arcade. Theexperituents being preliminary
to the opening ol the exhibition of them to
the public, which takes place this day, indy
a Incited Lumber of persons connected with
science and engineering, an l persons of
rank, were admitted : amongst the laltei
class were the Marquis of Homo, the Earl
of Mornington, Lmd Rossc, Ladies West
meath, Staflord, Barton, Ac. These three
ladies all tested die efficiency of the system,
by tiding in the eattiage, and being propelled
or drawn along the tails at a very rapid
tale, ascending or descending the gradieuls,
and enjoying the celerity of transit. As the
mode olopetalion of tins invention is but
imperfectly known lo the public, and as it
is likely to excite very considerable interest
amongst all persons connected with railway
conveyance, it may boas well to extract
from the description of its manner of work
ing, described by i-s vety ingenious inven
tor, some account ol its principal and its
.details ; “ A pipe or lube of sufficient
Tliameter being laid along in a hollow be
tween the rails of a railway, and being
exhausted of air# and having spindles and
pinions arranged (ns can only he understood
correctly by seeing the model ilsell) tit in
tervals thiongliout its length, ttie piston,
with its rack attache I, is placed in this tube,
at the farther end flout where the air has
been, or is being, exhausted or withdiawu,
the | iston tack being in gear with the pin
ions inside the tube ; a railway cairn.ge
tack attached to it, being placed on the rails
this carriage rack being also in gear cor
responding with lite pinion on the up
per part oft lie same spindles, outside me
tube ; that is to say, the relative position of
eat It rack being the same, the piston nick
being precisely under, and matching end to
end with the carriage rack; the one rack
cannot, there lore, move backwards or lot
vatds without turning tite spindles and pin
ions ; these being also in geat with the oth
er rack, that must move also, and in the
same direction. Jl'the vacuum, then, lias
such an efiect upon the piston, that it ad
vances, the rat k upon the carriage will he
efl'ccted fry and through the medium of the
spindles and pinions, and will advance also,
and keep its relative situation exactly with
the olliet, the racks being long enough to
reach as described, at least two pairs of
pinions atone time; the next in advance is
acted upon before the one acting itasceased;
and, therefore, as long as the power applied
continues, and the piston-advances, the car
riage will do the same to the end of the
lube, noi her arriving before nor after tbe
other, but together, as they cannot separate,
nor can one move or stop without the other;
thus would the eattiage he propelled, and
others and attached to it. As it is necessary
and important tliat the atmosphere should
he admitted as neatly behind the piston j
may he lifted tip by tlte advance of the pis-i
ton tack, or by the carriage rack, and the
air will en'ei through the space allowed by |
the lifting of the conical or flat portion ol
the spindle or axis of the pinions. Thus I
would there always be at least two or more
such passages open, as the rack may actj
upon a required number ot pinions. Alter j
the rack lias passed by, the spindles, by i
their own weight fall into their original J
places, and thus make an air tight tube
ready for tlte next exhaustion ; when, if an
air pump be set to work at the other end,)
and the ditection of the piston and tack j
changed, and placed again, as before, into ’
propel gear, the cairiage would return again j
in like manner.” This description must;
suffice for the present : it will at least have I
lite effect of rousing public attention to aj
very important, and, as far as the limited
experiments have shown, an efficacious
invention. Thalthe atinospliciic principle
will ultimately, and perhaps at no very
distant period, supersede the cumbrous and
dangerous use of locomotive engines, seems
almost certain. It, therefore, in the present
state of railway conveyance, is almost a
duly lot all persons to make themselves ac
quainled with tlte merits of various inven
tions cf this kind. A written description j
cannot suffice, even with diagrams, which
canuri.be given in a public journal ; nor
ate they necessary, when the working and
practical operations of the inyention can be
learned and comprehended by examining
the models. The trite adage,
“Sequins irritant atijaio-’ dtlliis.n per aitrcs
(leant quiß sunt ocutir subjects liilelibus.”
is here applicable, and the best iuteipieta
lion of it is to go and see what the models
arc doing at the Adelaide Gallcty.”
“ Why,” said a country clergyman, to
one i 1 Itis flock,-“do you snore in the pew
when [ am in the pulpit, while you're all
attention to every stranger that I invite ?”
■‘Because, sir, when you preach 1 am sine
all is tight, but 1 can't trust a stranger
without keeping a good look out.”
Fiotn the Nashville Union.
“CONVKKS.VI'IONS ON THE TARIFF.”
Wo invite the careful attention of our read
ers to a communication in our paper to-day
under this head. It is written by a farmer
of the very first order ol intelligence, and
one who has devoted much of his lime to the
investigation of the operation of the tariff
system. He understands it thoroughly, and
in die present artitle h ;ls presented some of
Ihe leading and fundamental principles con
nected With the subject,in a plain and famil.
iar style, wbiclt maybe read with much pr. fit.
We indulge the hope that our correspondent
will continue his communications until he
has given a full view of the entire subject in
all its bearings. As the election will soon
be ever, we would regard a lull and fair dis
cussion of the tariff, when the public mind
was not occupied with partv considerations,
as well calculated to do much good. It would*
be more beneficial ifsome able advocate of
the protective policy would consent to enter
the list with our correspondent, and give the
people a chance to make up their minds u--
influeneed by party feelings. We make this
suggestion, and will fret ly yield a reasonable
space in our paper to both sides of the dis
cussion.
For the Nashville Union.
CONVEIiSATIOXS ON THE TARIFF.
1 spent a few days lately with a friend who
is a man of seme and w orth—a thrifty, strong
minded, and unlearned farmer. He said he
w ished me, it 1 could, to explain lo him, in
plain language, all about the tariff and taxes.
He remarked that he had read the newspa
pers, and had listened lo speeciies upon this
subject; but that they abounded in terms
which were not sufficiently explained, so that
lie detived but little information from them,
lie further observed, that if I would permit
him to ask questions in his own way, and
would confine my answers to his questions,
It would be must satisfactory. I assented to
h s proposal; and the result of our renversa
lions, al var.uus twit's, was so satisfactory
to him, that at his earnest request, 1 oiler
them to the public, under a hope that they
may be agreeable and useful to others who
are similarly situated, ilia questions and
my answers, as nearly as 1 can recollect them
were as follows :
Question. —ln the first place, 1 desire to
know the meaning of the term ‘‘duties.”
Answer.—U is the name of a lax which
government places upon imported goods.
Quts. —YVlial is the object of tins tax?
Aus.—lt Is two told first, to produce &
revenue ; that is, to raise a sum of money lor
the support of our general government ; and
secondly, to raise a sum of money foi-Ameti
catt sugar platiters, and lor american manu
facturers, sufficient in amount to enable men
to carry on their respective operations profit
ably.
Qttes. —Is an equal tax laid upon all im
ported goods 1
Ans.—By no means. On dye-stuffs, and
many minerals w hich are principally used by
manufacturers, fhete is no tax at. all. On
very fine ciothes,on very line silk, gold chains,
precious stones, and other articles of taste
and luxury, ihe tax, at present, is very light.
But heavy taxes are laid upon sugar, iron,
salt,coarse Cotton, woollen goods, hats, blank
ets, and on ail other articles w hich tire abso
lutely necessary to the enjoyment of civilized
life, i’ll s arrangeme.it m tt:e taxon the dif
ferent kinds and qualities of goods, is called
a tariff.
Ques. What is the whole amount of tax
collected on imported goods at nuuliy 1
Ans- It depends upon the amount which
is imported. We may at pr< sent set it down,
| in round numbers, at twenty five millions.
I Ques. Is the whole revenue of die gov
j eminent derived from lit s tax cm goods !
At.s. i'rincipa ly. There are a tea mj|-
! lions drawn Irom the side of the pulflc lanes,
‘ oo oilier sources, hut not .o any amount winch
; can be important to our present iuvestiga.
I lion.
Ques. How is the tax on imported goods
collected l
Aus. The tax is laid as soon as the goods
arrive ; and the importer lias to pay it, before
the goods can be taken on shore.
Ques. Do the importers, then contribute
twenty five millions a year to tbe support of
our government ?
Aus. No, nor any part of it ; they could
not afford it. For instance, an importer of
sugar ptuchascs a hogshead, weighing otto
thousand pounds, for twenty five dollars, in
Ihe island cf Cuba. When he arrives at an
American port, he is compelled to pay a tax
of twenty-five dollars. Os course, if lie itad
to lose this tax, fe would lose all Ins capital;
tor it would take al! his sugar io pay the tax.
Ques. l iovv does the importer get back lire
money which lie pays as taxi
Ans. lu the same way that he gets bark
the money which he paid fertile sugar in the
island and for freight ; beaddsall diese items
and the tax together, and calie the sum of them
cost, lie then lavs reasonable profit, and all
together he calls his price. So that, when
he sells the sugar, he (under the name of
price ) gels back the tax, with coat and other
j cl.arges.
; Ques. Do you, then, really think that a
{ high tax raises the price of goods ?
i Ans. A high tax has just the same effect
! upon tHo price of goods that a high first cost
I lias. If a hogshead of sugar costs nothing in
j the island ol Cuba, and is taxed twenty-five
! dollars, it will sell for the same price in our
! market as a hogshead which cost taejny-five
! in Cuba, and pays no tax.
j Ques. Does all tbe money which is pro
| duced by this tax on imported goods go into
j the pubi c treasury !
I Aus. Yes.
I Ques. How, then, floes this tax-law raise
a sum of money for the.sugar-plantcrsand the
l manufacturers l
| Ans. If there ■were no tax, sugar, which
iis produced in Eu-ba at twenty-five dollars
i per hogshead, would, with freight aud
i charges, sell at (say) thirty dollars in our
! matket; and, iiy the laws cf trade and coat.
| petition, the American sugar-planter would
I have to sell at ihe same price ; but when a
! tax of twenty-five dollars is laid upon the
J Cuba hogshead, that necessarily raises the
i pri.e of It, as we liavoseen, to fifty-five dollars.
I Tite same laws of trade and competition etta
| ble the American sugar-planter to rise to the
same price. And thus it is that, by the force
! of ibis taxing law, and by its force and opera
tion alone, tbe American sugar-planter taxes
the Amencau consumer at the rate of twen
ty-five dollars per hogshead, or two and a
half cents per pound, on all the sugar he can
make. If it were not for this law, a bale of
cotton weighing four hundred pounds, and
selling in Cuba at twenty-five dollars, would
bring home a hogshead of sugar weighing
one thousand pounds; but under the authori
ty of this law, the home-protected planter
charges one hale of cotton for tax, and anoth
•er for Sugar; so that it requires two bales
jto obtain the hogshead. This law produces
i the same effect uputilhe price of bread-stuffs,
| meat, and all the articles which lite sugar
| planter consumes, or for which lie is wiil.ng
to barter ids sugar. •
Ques. If tl.is increase of flte price of A
nteiiiau sugar is a fax, what is the penally
for failing to pay it 1
Ans. The same penalty that is paid for
failing to pay the government tax. fa either
case, if you refuse to pay the tax, you will go
without the sugar.
Ques. You have spoken only of sugar.—
Is the effect of tho taxing law similar upon
all the protected articles of American manu
! factures ?
J Aus. Exactly the same. The amount of
i the tax differs oil the differei t commodities,
but the principle is the same in a 11.
i Ques. What is the whole auto nut of laxcp