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THE TIMES,
is published every Wednesday morning*
S (lie South cad of the Oglethorpe House, back of
the Post-Office.
. FORSYTH, A Id. JOHNSTON,
PROPRIETORS.
TRRMS— Three Dollars per annum, payable
invariably i advance, for net* subscriptions.
No paper will be discontinued while any arrearages
is due, unless at the option of the proprietor, and
roue hollars will in all ease* be exacted where
payment is not made before the expiration of the
subsermtion year. •
ADVERTISEMENTS conspicuously inserted tit
‘o*B Hollar per one htind'ed words,for the first
insertion,and fiKTf cents for every subsequent
continuance.
All Ai*TRTisERr.RTS, sent to us without specify
ing the number of inscrtionsdesired, will he con
tinued in til ordered out, and charged accordingly.
Legal Aiiveutiskrents published at the usual
rates, and with strict attention to the requisitions
of the law.
Sheriff’s Sales under regular executions, must
be advertised for thirty pays; under mortgage
fi fas, sixty pays before the day of sale.
Bales of Land and Negroes, by Executors, Ad
ministrators or Guaidians, for sixty pays before
the day of sale.
Salks of personal property (except negroes) forty
pays.
Citations hy Clerks of Courts of Ordinary, upon
application for letters of administration are to be
published for Tili rty days.
Citations upon application for dismission, hy
Executors, Administrators or Guardians, month*
ly fiir six months.
Orders of Courts of Ordinary, (accompanied with
a copy of thu bond, or agreement) to make title
to land, must lie published three months.
Notices by Executors or Administrators or Guard
- ians,of application to the Court of Ordinary for
leave, to sell the Laud or Negroes of an estate,
FOUR months.
Notices by Executors or administ rators.to the
Debtors and Creditors of an estntc.for six weeks
fljT Letter* to the proprietors on business, must
be post paid, to entitle them to attention.
LAW NOTICES.
JOHN It. WEEMS.
ATTOItNEV AT LAW,
Columbus, Ga.
Will practice in the counties comprising the Clialta
hooctieu Circuit, and the adjacent counties in
Alabama.
JET Office over the store of M. Brannon, on Broad
sfrvfi,
Kcb 11. 1846. 7-ts
A. G. FOSTER.
ATTORNEY AT LAW.
Columbus, Ga.
WILL practice in the Courts of the several
counti< a e of the Clintlatioocho Circuit, and
the adjoining comities of the South-Western Circuit
of Ga. And also in the adjoining counties of Aia
luml
REFERENCES;
Messrs. Harper Si Holmes. ‘ Apalachicola, Fla.
“ W. I fearing & Sons, Charleston. S. C.
• |'.e & Nisbct, Mac m, Ga.
• K.G. Foster* A. G. Foster .Madison, Ga.
CtdOMibos. Od. 8, 1815. 41—ly
SEABOUT WILLIAMS,
ATTORNEY ANL) COUNSELLOR
AT LAW, AND SOLICITOR IN
EQUITY.
Tuskkgek. Macon County, Ala.
Ibfircnce* —Messrs Thomas & Downing, Co
s Ga., Hon, Janus E. Belscr, Montgomery,
Alabama.
Oriole-r 8 1845. 41—ly
COLabITT & COOK,
,• ATTORNEY’S AT LAW;
LA GRANGE, G EOr.filA.
Will practice in the counties of Troup, Meriwether
Coweta, Fayette, and Carroll.
Waiter T. Colquitt, Columbus, GA.
Wm. O. D. Cook, La Grange.
April *3. 34 Iy
E. 11. Plali,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
Albany, llakcr County, Ga.
Jan 1.1315 I—ts
J. LJW,
ATTO ft N E V A T L A W;
BAIN BRIDGE, (if EC AT UK CO.) GA.
Will attend punctual.| the Superior Courts of the
i .Minius of Karly, Baker, and Decatur of the Soutli-
Wesierw, amt of the county of Thomas of the South
em Circuit. May 21, 1845 21-ly
I&ol>!‘rt £3. Letter
ATT O R N E Y AT LAW,
Tazewell Mation County Ga.
Maivh 12 1845. 12—ly.
IMPORTANT IMPROVEMENT
N THE WATER WHEEL,
wwrtlfcii is now exciting much ‘Merest, both in
Mw Kmopc an I the United States. Three of
these wheels are m operation at the City Mill, Co
lumbus, propelling two pair of sioncs with 4 feet
brad and fall, grinding 8 bushels per hour to each
pair. J. BRIDGES.
Ancust £7, 1345. 35-*^-rf
IIIIAIIY WALLERS,
CABINET MAKER,
H\S RSMOTSS to Johnston’s Biol ling-:,
Oglethorpe, corn'r of St Clair St., opposite
K id’s Gm Fact irv —where he will be pleased to see
bis customers and friends.
Janu .ry. 7 1846. 2—t r .
12* TANNER,
BOOK BINDER.
In the rear of the Enq lirer Office.
Columbus Ga.
Ji.j 3 * Orders left at the Times Office will he punc
tual! v am tided to.
Feb 4. 1346. 6—ts
R ANYWAY.
VNA Wfrom his owner, a negro man, a
bout 28 of age, light complexion,
and known about JIM BILLUPS.—
He has been ni'.ssin^Rlth r ec weeks, and is sup
s -!.- d:o be town, or on the Fiver.—
A liberal beyHvcn for his delivery to the
-iiiis-riber, or tor any info^pialien that may be the
■Means of tin 4mg him. A. H. COOPKR.
Jan. 21, 1846. 4—ts
NOTICE.
A LI. pcr>ons are hereby forwarned from trading
/W for a certain proniisory note, made by the un
,k ‘signed fir two hundred and forty dollars, and pay
able i<* one James Price, a Kentucky Mule drover,
payable about the Ist of January, 1846 and dated
-ome time abrut the 20ih of November. JS4S. The
utsidcracon for which said note was given bus fail
ed an twe are determined not to piv tire same unless
Compelled hv law. PATRICK CALHOUN.
ROBERT CALHOUN.
Jan 23 1846. 5-2 m
TO RENT,
ACoinf trtablc dwelling House with all the ne
cessary out-houses, and the privilege of wood.
Smxiil on the TalOottou road, about two miles
fr„ n Oolutii'mis. It is the plcco where Malt R.
Kvans formerly lived. Apply to
A. H. COOPF.R.
Jan. 21. 1816. 4—ts
DISSOLVED.
FSTIIE copartners!) p between ilic uiulersigned in
JE. the practice of Law, has been dissolved by
mutual e isont. The unfinished bntinc-s of the firm
W’M l** ai'cndt J to bv Air. A. I VERSON, who will
• ”11 hoc io practice Law as heictefo r c in the various
counuc* uear Columbus.
ALFRED IVERSON.
JOHN FORSYTH.
Deccmlicr S, 1345, 41)—tf.
.1018 PRINTING,
M*iain and Ornamental , ,
KLATLV ASD PROMPLY EXECUTED AT THE
OFFICE OF
2TIJC <£oluntbus <E(nus.
Pamphlets, j Jland Bills,
Business Cards, | Way Bills,
A isiting do j Circulars,
Ball Tickets, | Blank Notes,
nd eVGty tiling else in this line of business,
CHEAP, aud with Despatch.
©lie Columbus Cimcs.
FORSYTH & JOHNSTON, EDITORS.]
From the Southern Recorder.
COURT CALANUAR FOR 1846.
SUPERIOR COURTS.
2d Monday Decatur
Richmond
AUGUST.
Ist Monday Crawford
* Paulding
2d Monday Cass
Clark
3d Monday
Cherokee
Pike
Upson*
Walton
4th Monday Emanuel
Forsyth
Jackson
Meriwether
SEPTEMBER.
Ist Monday Coweta
Laurens.
Lumpkin
Marion
M onroe
Morgan
Taliaferro
2d Monday Columbia
Fayelte
Greene
Gwinnet
Harris
Madison
Union
3d Monday, Butts
DeKalb
Elbert
Gilmer
Hall
Putnam
Talbot
4th Monday, Cobb
Murray
Newton
Walker
Washington
Wilkes
OCTOBER. ‘
Ist Monday* Campbell
Macon
Warren
W ilkmson
Thucsday after, Walker
Thursday after.Rabun
2d Monday, Carroll
Dade
Habersham
Hancock
Henry
M ontgomery
Randolph
Twiggs
Thursday afterTattnall
3d Mot day, Chattooga
Emanuel
Franklin
Floyd
Heard
Jones
Oglethorpe
Pulaski
4th Monday, Early
Houston
Irwin
Jasper
Lincoln
Scriven
Stewart
Troup
ThursJav after.Telfair
4*h Tuesday, Bulloch
Friday after Effingham
NOVEMBER.
Ist Monday Bibb
2d Monday Dooly
Jefferson
M uscogee
3d Monday, Burke
Camden
Sumter
Friday after, Wayne
4th Monday, Glynn
Leo
Thomas
Thursday after,Mclntosh
Alundav alter, Lowi des
and Liberty
Thursday after,Bry an
Monday thereafter,Ware
Thursday “ Appling
DECEMBER.
Ist Monday, Baker,
2d Monday, Deca'ur
JANUARY,
2d Monday Chatham
Richmond
FEBRUARY.
f#t'Monday Crawford
Paulding
2d Monday Cass
Clark
U|son
Sd Monday Baldwinf
Cheiokee
Pike
Walton
4th Monday Forsyth
Jackson
Meriwether
MARCH.
Ist Monday Coweta
Laurens
Lumpkin
Marion
Monroe
M oro an
Taliaferro
2d Monday Columbia
Fayelte
Greene
Gwinnett
Harris i
Madison
U mon
3J Monday, Butts
DeKalb
Elbert
Giltner
Mall
Putnam
Talbot
3<l Tuesday, Bulloch
Friday alter Effingham
4th Monday Cobb _
Murray •
Newton
Walker
Washington
Wilkes
APRIL.
Ist Monday, Camden
Campbell
Macon
W alker
Warren
Wilkinson
Thursd’y afterßabun
Friday nfpr, Wayne
2d Monday, Carroll
Dado
Glynn
Habersham
Hancock
Henry
Montgomery
Randolph
Twiggs
Th’sday aftcrMaclnsosh
and Tattnall
3d Monday, Chattooga
* Emanuel
Franklin
Floyd
Heard
Jones
Liherty
Oglethorpe
Pulaski
Thursday afterßryan
4ih Monday, Early
H ottaton
Irwin
Jasper
Lincoln
Mclntosh
Scriven
Stewart
Troop
Thursday fer, l’elfair
NAY.
Ist Monday, Bibb
2d Monday, Chatham
Dooly
Muscogee
Sd Monday, Burke
Blunter
4lh Monday, Leo
Thorn is
Monday after,Lowndes
Mi>nday tii e rep.fr e r W are-
Thursday do Appling
JUNE.
Ist Monday, Baker
Jefferson
*Afiier.l 846, 3d Monday April and October,
j After 1813, 4th Monday February and August.
SUPREME COURT.
FOR THE CORRECTION OF ERRORS.
Ist Dist—composed of the Eastern and Southern
Judicial Circuits—alternately at Savannah and
Hawkinsvillej on the second Monday in January and
third Monday in June.
2d District—composed of the South Western and
Chattahoochee Uncoils—alternately at Talbotton
and Ameiicus.on the 4th Monday in January and
July.
3d District—composed of the Coweta and Flint
Circuits—alterna’ely at Macon and Decatur, 011 the
second Monday in February and August.
4 li District—composed of the Western and Cher
okee Circuits—alternately at Cassville and Gaines
ville, on the forth tnonday in March and September.
sth District—composed of the M hldle, Northern
and Ocinulgne Circuits—<it Miliedgeville on the iirst
Monday in Play and November.
Officers.
JOSEPH H. HIMPKIN, )
HIRAM WARNER. kludges.
EUGENICS A. NISBET,)
James M. Kcll v, of Houston. Reporter.
R. E. Marlin, of Green, Cleik.
JUDGES SUPERIOR COUPvTS.
Circuit s. Judges.
Eastern, William B. Fleming,
Middle, Roger L. Gamble,
Northern, Nathan C. Sayre,
Western, • Charles Dougherty,
Ocmulgee, Jas. a. Meriwether)
Southern, Jas. J. Scarborough,
Flint, John J. Floyd,
Chattahoochee, R. B. Alexander,
Cherokee, A. R. W right,
Coweta, Edward V. ‘Hill,
South Western, Lott Wat ten,
SOLICITOR—GENENAL.
Eastern, W P White,
Northern L J Gartreil,
Western, W H Underwood,
Ocmulgee John M Ashurst,
Southern P E Love
Flint Rufus W McCune,
Chattahoochee John Campbell
Cherokee |R Jones
Coweta A C Ferrell
South Western \V J Patterson
Middle, Atl’y. Genl, Jno J F-ournoy,
STATE GOVERNMENT.
GEORGE W. CRAWFORD, Governor.
Nathan O Harnett,Secretary ol’S tate.
Walter H Mitchell,Treasurer,
David E Bothwell, Comptroller General.
P M Compton, Surveyor General.
John S Thomas. Dir of Central Hank.
A tl Chappell President of Senate.
C J Jenkins, Speaker of House of Reps.
T R R Cobb Secretary o( Sena'e
John .1 Word Clerk of House o ’Reps
A W Redding P. K. Penitentiary,
Peter Fair Inspector of Penitentiary.
Dr F A White, Physician of Penitentiary.
Dr Thomas F Green Superintendent and Res.
Physician of Lunatic Asylum.
Rev Jesse II Campbell, Commissioner of Deaf and
Dumb.
UNITED STATES CIRCUIT COURT.
JAMES M. WAYNE, Judge.
At Savannah—Thursday after First Monday in
May.
At Milledgeville—Thursday after First Monday
iu November.
UNITED STATE DISTRICT COURT.
At Savannah—2d Tuesday in February, May,
August and November. The Judge has power to
hold special Courts.
Ojfficcrs ,
JOHN C. NIVOLL Judge.
llenry R. Jackson, Attorney,
H. Willingham, Marshal,
George Gltn, Clerk.
TIIK UNION OF THE STATES, AND THE SOVEREIGNTY OF TUB STATES*
INFERIOR COURTS
EASTERN CIRCUIT.
Wayno Last (Mon. in December and May.
Camden Ist do January and June.
Glynn, Cd do * do do
Mclntosh 3d do do do
Bryan, 4:h do do do
Liberty, 2d do do do
Bulloch, Ist do Febiuarv and July
Effingham 2d do do do
Chatham, 3d do do do
MIDDLE CIRCUIT.
Columbia, 4th Mon. in January and June.
Washington, 4th do Jannaiy and July.
Montgomery, Ist do February and August.
Tatnall, 2d do do do
Emanuel, Ist do January and July.
Scriven, 2J do do do
Burke, Ist do do do
Jefferson, 3J do do do
Richmond, 3d do March and September.
NORTHERN CIRCUIT.
Madison, 2J Mon. in January and July.
Elbert, 3d do do do
Oglethorpe 4th do do June.
Lincoln, Ist do _ February and July.
Hancock, Ist do do August.
Warren, 2d do do do
Wilkes, Ist do May and November.
Taliaferro, Ist do June and December.
WESTERN CIRCUIT.
Franklin, 4th Men. in January and July.
Rabun, Ist do do do
Jackson, Ist do do do
Habersham, 2d do do do
Hall, 4th do do do
Gwinnett, 2d d> June and December.
Clatk, 4th du April and October.
Walton, Sd do May and November.
OCMULGEE CJRCCn.
Wilkinson, SJ Mon. in July and January.
Jones, 4th do do do
Jasper, 4th do do do
Baldwin, 4th do Jan and 2d in Nov’r
Greene, Sd do Juno and December.
Morgan, Ist do do do
Putnam, Sd do do do
BOUTHERM CIRCUIT.
Twiggs, 4th Mon. in January and July
Thomas, Ist do do do
Irwin, 4th do do Ist in do
Pulaski 4th do do do do
Lowndes, Ist do February and August.
Tollair, Ist do April and 2d in Oclober
Laurens, Ist do June and December.
Appling, 3.1 doi do do
Ware, 4ih do do do
FLINT CIRCUIT.
Bibb, Ist Mon. in jVlßrch and September.
Houston, 4:h do January aed July
Butts, 2d do do ‘do
Upson, 3d do do di
Henry. 4th do do do
‘Crawford, 3d do May and November.
Pike, Ist do June and December.
Monroe, 2<l do do do
Newton, 4th do do do
CHEROKEE CIRCUIT.
Paulding, 3d Mon. in May and November.
Cass, 4th do do do
Forsyth, 4th do do do
Cherokee, ;lst do June and December.
Lumpkin, Sd do do do
Union, 4th do do do
Dade, Ist do do do
Chattooga, Ist do August and February.
Gilmer, Ist do July and January,
Murray, 3d do do do
Walker, 3.1 do do do
Floyd, 4th do do do
COW ETA CIRCUIT.
Fayette, 3d Mon. in January and Juno.
Troup, 3d do do do
Carroll, 3d do do July.
Meriwether, 4:h do April and October.
Coweta, 4th do June and December.
DeKalb. 4h do do do
Campbell 2d do do do
Cobb, 3d do do do
Heard, 4th do May and November.
SOUTHWESTERN CIRCUIT.
Randolph, (2f Mon. in January and July.
Eary, 2d do do do
Baker, 4lh do do do
Macon, Ist do February and August,
Sumter, 3d do do do
Lee, 4th do do do
Decatur, Ist do April and October.
Dooly, 4th do June and December.
CHATTAHOOCHEE CIRCUIT.
Muscogee, 2d Mon. in February and August..
Stewart, 4th do January and July.
Talbot, 3d do June an 1 December.
Harris, 4th do do do
Marion, 3d do Mav and November.
LUKE KEED, Jr.
HAS removed to his lower store, a few doors be
low the Market House, on the west side broad
street, where he will be happy to see all who wish
to settle their accounts with him .or with the late
firm of James fr haw & Cos. ,
Columbus, Jan. 14,1346. S-ts
“Boots, Shoes, n arTIJ roga nasi ’
OF every description—a large stock, to which ad
ditions are constantly being made, for sale in the
most reasonable terms, by LUKE REED, Jr.
Sign of the golden boot and saddle, a few doors be
low the. Market House. Jan. 14, 4 —ts
SADDLERY & HARNESS.
OF all kinds—a complete assortment constantly
on hand aud for sale at the lowest possible
prices by LUKE REED, Jr.
Sign of the golden boot and saddle,
below the market House.
Jan. 21, 1846. 4—ts
indTaTrubber GOODS.
I NOIAKUBIIKRCURTAIN CLOTH—FIoor
Cloth—Ginjind Machine Banding—Hats,Coatj,
Legguis,&c. &c.,for sale hv
’ LUKE REED, Jr.
Sign of the golden boot and saddle,
below the market house.
Jan. 21,1546. 4—if
ALL ]KINDS OE LEATHER
AND FINDINGS
FOR sale at the sign of the golden boot and sad
dio.Ly LUKE REED, Jr.
Jan. 21,1846. 4—if
“FOR SADDLERS & HART
NESS MAKERS.
SKIRTING, Harness and Bridle Leather, Sad
dle irees, Hog Skins—Pad Skins—Harness
Mountings—Buckles—rings, &c. &c. for sale by
LUKE REED, Jr.
Sign of the golden boot and saddle,
below the market house.
Jan. 21, 1846. 4-ts
FOR CARRIAGE MAKERS.
TOP & APRON LEATHER—Curtain Cloth,
Coach Lace—Worsted fringe—Drawing Cord
&c. &c. for sale by
LUKE REED, Jr.
Sign of the golden boot aud saddle,
below the market house.
.Tan. 21, 1846. 4t—tf
FALL & WINTER
S. B. HAMILTON,
( One. door North of James Kiilin.)
HAS just received a large assortment of FALL
aud WINTER CLO THING, which will be
uid cheap for C!tsll>
Cloaks and Over-Coats,
Gents super Black and Green Cloth Cloaks;
Getii’s Beaver and Pilot Over-eoats;
Blue and Black, Frock and Dress Coats;
Green Brown and Olive Frock and dress Coats;
-Cadet mixed Frock and Sack Coat’;
Kentucky Jeans Frock and dress Coats;
Blue ami Black cloth Par.ts;
Blue and Black Cashimere Pants’
Plaid striped and figured Cashimere Pants;
Sattmetie and Twedes Pants;
Plain Black and figured Velvet Vests;
Plain Black and figured tSatin Vests;
Plaid striped and figured Casht nere Vests;
White Linen and Muslin shirts;
While Linen,Cotton, Jeans and Flannel! Drawers;
Merino Shuts and Drawers,
Stocks, Collars, Gloves, Suspenders, Cravats and
Scarfs;
Silk, Merino, Lambs wool and Cotton half Hose;
Silk and Cotton Umbrellas, Hats andUaps.
November 5,1815. - 4<-lf
COLUMBUS, GA. WEDNESDAY. FEBRUARY 25, 1846.
TO MY WIFE.
k Pillow thy head upon this heart,
My own, my cherished wife ; .
And let us for one hour forget
The dreary patli of lift.
Then let me kiss thy tears away,
And bid remembrance flee
Back to the halcyon days of youth,
When ali was hope and glee.
Fair was the early promise, love,
Os our joy-freighted barque ;
Sunlit and lustrous, too, the skies
Now all so dim and dark ;
Over a stormy sea, dear wile,
We drove with shattered sail.
But love sit3 smiling at the helm,
;> And mocks the threatening gale.
Come, let me part those clustering curls,
And gaze upon thy brow—
How many, many memories
Sweep o’er my spirits now !
II ow much of happiness and grief—
How much of hope and fear—
Breathe from each dear-lovt and lineament,
Most eloquently dear.
Thou gentle one, few joys remain
Tocheer our lonely lot;
The storm has left our paradise
Willi but one sunny spot;
Hallow’d fore’er will be that place
To hearts like thine and mine—
’Tis where our childish bauds upreared
Affection’s earliest shrine.
Then nestle closer to this breast,
My fond and faithful dove !
“Where, if not here, should be the ark
,Os refuge-for thy love ?
The poor man’s blessing and his curse
Pertain alike to me ;
For, shorn of worldly wealth, dear wife,
Am 1 not rich in thee ?
MOTHER, THY NAME IS HOLIER FAR.
Mother, thy name is holier far
Than aught that longue of man can tel] ;
Thou wert, to me, a guiding star—
To know thee was to love thee well :
To iove—to worship—lor e’en now
Fond memory blends me with the past,
Ere grief had marked thy smiling brow ;
That love was first—’twill be the last.
Mother—dear mother !—on thy breast
I bow iny head, with anguish deep ;
Then joy—pure joy—that lulls to rest,
Conies o’er me, like my childhood’s sleep—
When nestling to thy bosom pure,
1 thought not—felt not—pang of pain,
But hush’d lay in thy arms secure ;
More than I e’er can be again.
Mother—kind mother !—all of thought
That life can give—affection prove—
Is thine, and only thine ; for naught
Can be beloved as you I love :
And could I choose my dying place,
When God shall call me to my rest,
I’d smile—life’s last look—in thy face,.
And breathe—life’s last breath—on thy breast.
LINES WRITTEN BY A LADY,
As an excuse for her zeal in the cause of Temper
ance, and addressed to a friend who told her that
she ‘was almost a monomanias on the subject of
alcoh'dlic drink.’
Go, feel what I have felt,
Go, bear what L have borne—
Sink ’neath a blow a father dealt.
And the cold proud world’s scorn—
Thus struggle on from year to year,
Thy sole relief the scalding tear.
Go, weep as I have wept,
O’er a lov’d father’s fall,
See every cherish’d promise swept,
Youth’s sweetness turn’d to gal!,
Hope’s faded flowers sttew’d all the way
That led me up to woman’s day.
Go, kneel as I have knelt,
Implore, beseech, and pray
Strive ihe besotted heart to melt,
The downward course to slay—
Be cast, with bhter curse, aside,
The prayers burlesqu’d, thy tears defied.
Go. stand where I have stood,
And see the strong man bow
With gnashing teeth, lips haihed in blood,
And cold and livid brow ;
Go. catch his wnnd’ring silance, and see
Tlieie, mirror’d his soul’s misery.
Go, hear what I have heard,
The sotis of Cad despair,
As memory feeling’s fount hath stirr’d,
And its revealinas theie
Have told him what he might have been,
Had he the drunkard’s fate fore seen.
Go to thy Mother’s side,
And her crush’d spirit cheer,
Thine own deep anguish hide,
Wipe from her cheek the tear —
Mark her dimm’d eye, her.furrow’d brow,
The gray that streaks her dark hair notv-,
Her toil wdrn frame, her trembling limb,
And trace the ruin back to him
Whose plighted faith in early youth
Premis’d eternal love and truth—
But who, so sworn, hath yielded up
This :>romisc to the deadly cup.
And led her down from love and light;
From all that made her pathway bright,
And chain’d her there, ’mid want and strrfo,
That lowly thing—a Drunkard's Wife !
And stamp’d on childhood’s brow so mild,
That withering blight—a Drunkard's Child !
Go, hear, see and feel and know
AH that my soul hath felt or known—
Then look upon the wine cup’s glow,
See if its brightness can atone,
Think if its flavor you woitld try,
If all proclaim’d—“ ’ Tis drink , and die /”
Tel! me I hale the bowl!
Hue is a feeble word—
I loathe, abhor —my very soul
Wi'h strong disgust is ssitr’d
Whene’er I see, or hear, or tell
Os the dark beverage of hetl !
Napoleon was accustomed to wear a coat
of mail under his clothes, and, which he rare
ly went without* On his departure from
Belgium he thought it best so guard against
those dangers with which he was threatened,
having all Europe leagued against him, by
every means in his power. He accordingly
sent for a clever Workman, and asked il he
thought himself competent to make a coat
of mail of such texture that no weapons what
ever could penetrate. On the artificer an
swering in the affirmative, Bonaparte agreed
to give him 18,000 francs, the sum asked.—
On the (lay fixed, the man brought his work
to the place. Nopoleon quickly examined it,
and ordered the workman to put it on himself.
The man obeyed. Napoleon then took two
pistols saying, “ VVe shall now see if this coat
of mail is of the texture you promised me.”
He tired at his breast; the cuirass resisted.
“Turn round.” The man obeyed. The se
cond ball struck his back and with the same
result. The poor artificer, half dead with
fright, thought these trials would be sufficient
but he was mistaken in his calculation. Bo
naparte next armed himself with a long fowl
ing piece, and made the same experiment on
ihc shoulders, back and breast of the poor
trembling patient. Happily the* cuirass re
sisted, and saved the inventor from so cruel
a trial. “How much am Ito pay you,” said
Napoleon, “after this noble exploit?” Eigh
teen thousand francs,” etammered out the
frightened artificer, almost deprived of his
senses. “No such thing, sir,” said Napoleon,
‘•I shall give you thirty six thousand,” and,
he gave an order on his treasurer for that a
rnount.
Crime in France.—The recent reports
published by order of the French govern merit
show that crime increases m that country six
tunes as last as the population, and Suicides
seven times as fast, lii one year 165 chil
dren, between the ages of 8 and 16 years,
came to their death by their owa hands.
= MISCELLANY.
From the Democratic Review.
PROSPECTS OF THE LEGAL PROFES
SION IN AMERICA.*
This celebrated work of Mr. Watren has
been increased considerably more in quanti
ty, than in value, though it continues, in our
judgement, to be one ol the very most captiv
ating books, (o the legal sludent, which the
library of the law contains. We cannot
name the second which is so well calculated
to awaken the enthusiasm of ihe law stu
dent, and to quicken his sense of ihe digni
ty of his vocation, and of the value of its
honors.
This is probably the chief, if not all the
merit which the author expected his work
would posses, &such it undoubtedly has. It
is the first book we would place in the hands
of one whom we would iuspire with a taste
for the legal profession.
Conceding it to be a successful achieve
ment to the author’s purpose, there remains
a farther question with which wo have more
particularly to do, than with Dr. Warren.—
That is, whether the prospects of the legal
profession, in Ameiica, justify the exalted
aspirations which t his hook is calculated to
inspire. Does the law continue to hold out
thoso rewards of honor or of profit, in this
country, which have so long followed the
success of its faithful ministers? It becomes
us to consider this question very fairly, es
chewing prejudice, lor Ihe multiplication of
the profession among us is indefinite. In the
city of New York alone, we have over a
thousand keeping office, and incurring all
the expenses incident thereto. Os these
thousands, we speak advisedly, when we
say, that not over lour hundred are receiv
ing, from their professional business, a res
pectable support. Os the retraining six hun
dred, a limited portion rely upon resources
independent of their professional income.—
The remainder do as people generally do
when they are unable to make both ends
meet, they pass the difference to the profit
and loss account ol their friends.
But all are equally victims to one of the
mislortunes incident io an unsuccessful prac
tice. They are compelled to waste much ol
the most valuable time and energy of their
lives in waiting- for the world to discover the
value of their services* That they may be
always ready for whatever business fortune
lias in stare for them, they dare not involve
themselves in any collateral pursuits, but
must live on, idly hoping from day to day
that their turn is at hand. They delude
themselves with fond anticipations of dis
tinctions, such as those which tardily re
warded the patent faith of Hale, of Eldon,
and the few other illustrious chiefs of the
English bar, who were rescued from that
great Serbooian bog of exaggerated hopes,
where whole armies have sunk. Time wears
away, and with it the courage and enthusi
aom which can only exi'at in the atmosphere
of successful effort. Os the thousands who
enter the list, not a hundred will achieve any
suen results as would have induced them at
the outset to have exposed themselves to the
agonizing suspense, the heart-sickners of
hope deferred, which they all have to en
dure.
We refer to New York city, because there,
wealth, population, and opportunity, are most
concentrated, and tendences develop© them
selves in advance. But there is a corres
ponding disproportion between the demand
and supply of legal advisers throughout the
Nation, and that disproportion is rapidly in
creasing.
The re-appearance af book
at this time very naturallv leads to inquire,
whether there be any tiling in the operation
of our institutions or the circumstunces in
which the legel profession is placed at this
time, to depress the hopes and the ambition
whkh his labors are eminently calculated to
inspire.
For our own part, we believe there is, and
that botti the necessity for, and the rewards
of this kind of professional toil, are diminish
ing-. We auger thus in no croaking spirit
of disfavor towards a .profession which the
world has always debghted to honor, but
from a conviction, based upon ‘some obser
vation. and upon a cheerful scrutiny of the
tendencies of our civilization. We ptopose,
at present only to glance at the grcuud of our
impression.
VVe have for a long lime been impressed
with a conviction, that the sphere of duty of
the law’s ministry has been very much limit
ed, arid is destined to undergo still farther
limitations, under the direct operation of our
political institutions.
The tendency of all representative forms
of government, and mostemphtically of ours,
is to enlarge the powers of individuals, and
to circumscribe those of the government. —
This tendency is evident a priori-, it is equal
ly apparent in ihe past history ct our coun
try. All our great questions of legislation
since the American constitution went into
operation, have arisen upon a difference of
opinion upon this point, the limits of the leg.
uiative prerogative. In most cases, the in
dividual has been successful, and thegovern
ment has succumbed. It has been already
substantially conceded, that it is no part of
the functions of a political government, to
bank, to trade, to lend money, to make inter
nal improvements, and to supply religious in
structions to its subjects; aud the tendency
of the public mind is to question the right of
the government, to say who shall sell and
buy meat and bread, ot what shall he paid
for them; who shall transport our letters and
newspapers; who shall superintend the in
struction of our poor children; and, indeed,
almost all the other political powers, save
those which are necessary to keep one man’s
hand off his neighbor, and to maintain invio
late the universal and common rights of life,
liberty, and property. The absence of all
legislation upon these and kindred subjects,
ot course diminishes the sources of litiga
tion, which can only spring from a violation,
alleged or real, of some existing law.
Such being the tendency, then, of the de
mocratic faith, to limit the functions and pre
rogatives of the governing power, and enlarge
the moral authority of the individual consci
ence, we have a standard whereby to meas
ure the relative necessity, and therein ihe re
lative prospects of the legal profession as a dis
tinct order of profession. If we find any source
of litigation permanently closed and no other
of equal magnitude opened, wc infer that the
professional prospects of the lawyers are to
that extent obscured.
VVe wouid now ask if there can be room
for doubt, that the prevailing and popular
legislation upon the subject of banking, upon
the right of eminent domain, and thereiu of
internal improvements ‘generally, upon the
whole subject of chartered privileges where
* A Popular and Practical Introduction to Law
Studies, and to every (Upaitmeiit of the Legal Pro
fession, Civil, Criminal and Ecclesiastical, Sf c. By
Samvel Warrkh, Esq.‘ F. K. S., of the Inner
Temple, Barrister a 1 La-v. Wiih an American In
troduction and Appendix, by TuoaiAb W. Gle&ke,
’ Counsellor at La*v„
[VOL. VI.—NO. 9.
by the government enters into competition
with individuals, upon the subject of religious
establishments; have dried up innumerable
sources of litigation ? Take the subject of re*
ligiots instruction, from which the American
Government has in theory, at least, entirely
divorced herself, and compare the litigation,
in this country, to which it gives rise, with
the same subject in England. The collec
tion auu distribution ot church revenue, and
the reconciliation of conflicting interests tin
der the English church establishment, has
occasioned more law suits in England, than
almost any subject of legislation whatever in
this country. Their books are filled with
reported cases. We have none ot it scarce
ly. The ecclesiastical institutions aresimpii-
Hed, and so self controlled w ith us—divorced
from the State—that we very rarely find
them requiring judicial interference. ‘1 he
same remarks may be applied to the other
instances we have presented so far as gov
ernment has withdrawn from their adminis
tration.
Os a kindred birth and tendency, though
less articulate, are the exemption laws, the
stay laws, the appraisal laws, the bank sus
pension laws, and the repudiation laws of
Some Os our western States. All are the in
coherent stammerings of a principle as yet
but imperfectly developed. Hut when a
truth has even thus far wreaked itself upon
expression there is no power upon the earih
to resist its supremacy. It will agitate, it
will struggle, it will writhe, but it will have
utterance. It may succumb for a season,
but it will not be cheated of a single fraction
or tithing of the empire over the heart and
mind of man. We look for the time, and
that soon, when the political parties shall di
vide upon the expediency, if not the consti
tutionality of protecting contracts by law,
and when the presentofficers of the judiciary
shall in this particular he very seriously re
stricted.
These influences, seriously as they arc op.
erating, are but the parents of the gianl brood
of tendencies which are affecting the over
throw of the ancient dignities and eminence
of the legal profession. The instinct of indi
vidual independence is fatal to any precari
ous, or what in this case is nearly synonimous
to any extensive system of commercial cred
its. An independent man cannot be bound
by any obligation to his neighbor. The mo
ment he becomes bound his independence
forsakes him. He will therefore, uvoid re
ceiving a credit which,he cannot be sure to
cancel before it becomes a bond. Neither
will he give a credit which he thinks may
cripple his independence by being dishonored.
He will not trust to an unfaithlul or stupid
man what he cannot afford to lose. Just in
proportion, then, as the doctrine of individu
ality obtains, will commercial credit be based
upon the combined honesty and sagacity of
the borrowers. When these two conditions
of a mercantile transaction are guaranteed,
the creditor seldom has occasion for legal
protection or assistance.
True, a long time must elapse before the
condition we have supposed will be realized
True wC have somewhat anticipated the re
sults with which we believe the futuie to be
freighted. But we have magnified existing
tendencies only lhattheymay be moreclear
iy seen. All their proportions are preserved,
and We have the firmest conviction that time
will prove that we have anticipated, not im
agined, the fruits of their maluriiy. Nor does
this maturity appear to be very remote. We
never knew a single truth satisfied to share
its empire with error. Truth never compro
mises with any antagonist. It may be delay
ed in receiving investiture for a season, but it
is never quiet until it has vindicated its entire
and absolute supremacy.
There is another aspect of this subject
which deserves to be contemplated before we
dismiss it; we refer to the depeciated dignity
of the Bar in America. Sustained by no spe
cial privileges or rewards, accessible to every
class of society, every order of talent, and
every degree of ignorance, the ancient digni
ty of their vocation has almost eutisely aban
doned it, It lias degeneialed from a liberal
art to a trade. Its professors, from artists,
have become artizans; from scholars, they
have degenerated to clerks. They no longer
sustain the honorable eminence ot the Roman
patron the protector and defender of their po
litical inferior, from whom they may command
both services and homage. • They are no long
er looked up to as [necessary mediators be
tween their clients and oppression ; but are
rather themselves the dependents-, ihm the
patrons of the public.
We are far, however, from deploring ibis
change in the social position of the legal pro
fession, for we think we discern in it the
evidence of great moral.advancement. It is
the natural apd inevitable result of ihe indi
vidualization of our people. Thereby ive
know that we no longer enjoy cur liberties
at the discretion of others. No haughty pro
consul, the proxy of a despot, armed wit h the
double licentiousness of unrestrained authori
ty and unbridled appetites, can now impover
ish our provincial cities, riot upon cur sub.
stance, and violate cur meat sacred sentiments
and rights. Everyman’s love of his own
rights witli us, makes him respect tide rights
of others ; and we have no Cicero or Ilorten
sius at our bar, because we have no Verres,
or Cataline, or Messala in authority. His
professional talents can never distinguish or
dignify the social position of the lawyer, in a
society where the people are denied t o im
portant rights. His rank is elevated as the
soc : ul condition of the people is depressed
The few occasions for judicial aid and pro
tection are of such trifling imerest to the great
body of the public, that the advocate awakens
but little anxiety about the result of his ef
forts, save in the breast of his own client.—
His function, too, has been so modified by
the progress of Free legislation, that a large
and comprehensive mind is narrowed and
hampered by engaging in the work. For
the service that mainly required of the
lawyers, no special preparatory education is
essential which is not equally essential to the
merchant, save the direct siudy of the law
itself. No forensic or intellectual training is
thought to be at all indispensable to success.
Os course, then, the supply will be here as
elsewhere, proportioned 10 the demand.
We have thus very briefly, and, \vc regret
to add, very imperfectly, stated tire principal
causes of ihe decline of the legal profession
in this country ; first, the tendency of popu
lar sympathy, and of legislation to enlarge
the responsibility of the individual, and to
leave every man, as far as possible the sub
ject of his own discretion ; and secondly, and
rn consequence of the surrender of its func
tions from first to second rate men.
We are anxious to be understood as indi
cating a tendency, not a result wholly accoru->
plished. As this process of individualization
is only in its early developement, of
its consequences are not yet to be rdalizedl
We are fully aware that there is yet among
us a most unnatural amount of litigation—
that improvident credits still continue to dis
tinguish the folly of American tradesmen—
tlial our judicial tribunals are clogged with
excess of business ; but we insist, on the
other hand, there has been, /or twenty years,
and continues to be, a constant disposition to
war upon the legal profession, as a class
preying upon the public through a useless
and tmposlrous mystery. That the profes
sion is not adequately paid for the labor and
responsibility it has to sustain. That its pro
fits are diminishing year by year: and that,
if the theory upon which our government is
based be a correct one, and the tone ol our
legislation be healthy, and is to ho permanent,
the mediation of the lawyer must fall into
comparative disuse, or undergo an entire
change as to the character and value of his
service. There will always be abundant
occasion in this world, we presume, for judi
cious advisers, and in that capacity they
may constitute a professional order ; but we
do not believe that the rights of men arc for
ever to struggle with all the inexplicable
absurdity with which the combined ingenuity
ot statesmen, of judges and lawyers, have
incumbered them, and which have, for so
many centuries, made a market for the first
talent a nd most vigorous industry of the ablest
men. In a government like ours, which
professes to act single to the greatest happi
ness ot all, we believe we shall some day
find out ii way of simplifying our relations
with our neighbors to that degree, that good
sense and honesty combined, will be all that
will he requisite in most of the differences
between men, to decide righteously upon
them ; that no ten or twenty years study of
foinulas and arbitrary precedents will be ne
cessary to establish a man’s obligation to
pay for a cow which he has bought,or for
the use of a house which he has rented.
We are unwilling to leave this subject
without a single word to those who, if our
view be correct, are most concerned with its
bearing. We reler to the young candidates
for the bar. It is for them to consider wheth
er the p'ospects of the legal profession are
equal to their hopes. Lawyers have, for so
long a period of the world's history, been
distinguished with the highest public trust,
enjoyed the most exalted honors, and possess
ed the:most distinguished ability, that it Ts
almost impossible to convince a careless ob
server that these results are not incident to
the vocation. Tempted by the hope ofsuch
rewards, hundreds abandon a more fitting
vocation lor a chance in the game which has
yielded sueli exiraordinary success. Bu 1 ;
tor the reasons we have state- 1 , we submit
that this is a delusion, and is last becoming
a snare, and that, before the student of to day
shall have lived to reach the elevation where
his expected honors grow, the tree wl'l he
found nearly barren.
Add to this, khat in no other literary pro
fession, perhaps, is there so much fruitless
study necessary for success. The lawyei’s
lesearches—and wo speak of those laboiS
which are necessarily professional—are not
the acquisition ot a sc.once, the mastery of
any great phenomenon of nalure, the do
velopement of somo new power, by which
the whole mind ot the human race :s to bo
moved forward, and the comforts of men art)
to be multiplied. Ilis brain docs not weary
with argument to establish great truths,
which, when established, materially increase
the wisdom of mankind. It is scarcely 100
much to say, that the great mass ol his pure
law learning, might be erased from his mind,
without materially impairing his interest as
a companion,or his usefulness and value as
aciiizen ; and yet we are well satisfied that
the members ot no other literary profession
undergo the same amount of severe intellec
tual labor, as tho same number of lawyers.
It is not the business of the lawyer to 6cek
or to maintain abstract right. He is to read
an arbitrary, and to him, immutable law, and
apply it to the case which is subm tied to
him. He has nothing to do with the right,
but with t Ire law, and when he finds wJiai he
isteeins to be tho law of his case, to main
tain his position. To learn his law, and sus
tain his interpretation of it, he dees not ex
plore the vast domain of morals and of knowl
edge. to learn what is just and true, but he
burrows through five or ten thousand volume*
of reports, to find what had been the opinion
of judges, from one to a thousand yeats be
fore him, in kindred cases. A previous
judgment, which in any ether art or science
is nothing more than a presumption, con
cludes him. He lays down his weapon
without having made a single conquest over
error, ora single acquisition, except for the
profit of the John Doc, whom he happens to
represent.
We speak in the common interest of lliri
public, when we say, that this is too serious
a loss of intellectual service to bo submitted
to patiently. The same degree of labor ami
of capacity, Much is necessary to make a
distinguished lawyer, would achieve a
world wide reputation, if bestowed upon any
of the natural sciences or useful arts. The
preliminary study and thought which Sro ne
cessary to qualify a young lawyer respectably
to hold his first brief, would suffice to master
the learning of almost any of the practical
sciences, and then he would have the best of
Jiia mature file to widen its circle. Hisla ;
bore, too, would then he sustained by the
consciousness that lie was enlarging the
sphere of human intelligence; that his in
dustry, and perhaps his name, would go down
to posterity,associated with the causes or the
instruments of some of its most substantial
enjoyments.
If parents, and friends, whoso duty it is to
direct tho education of our young men. would
properly consider these things, we are per
suaded they would spare themselves and
their charges much of the mortification and
anxiety, which always pursue defeated
hopes.
I)n. Franklin’s Com: of Mo.als. —Tern’
perance—eat not to fullness; drink not ti
elevation. Silence—speak not but what may
benefit others or yourself; avoid trifling con
versation. Order—let all your
their place ; let each part ot your business
have its time. Resolution—resolve to per
form what you ought ; perform without lai!
what you resolve. Frugality—make no ex
pense, hut to do good to others or yourself ;
that is, waste nothing. Industry—lose nd
time; be always employed in something use
ful ; keep out of all unnecessary action. Sin
cerity—use no hurtlul deceit; think innocent
ly ; and justly ; and if you speak, bpbak ac
cordingly. Justice—wrong norr* by doing
injuries, nr omitting the benefits that are your
duty’. Moderation —avoid extremes; forbear
resenting injuries. Cleanliness—suffer nd
uncieauliness in the body, clothes, or habita
tion. Tranquility— be not disturbed about
trifles, or at accidentscommon or unavoidable*’
Humility—imitate Jesus Christ.’
A FEW THINGS TO KEEP AWAY Hard’
Times.— Rise early in the morning, and be
diligent during the day in attending to our
business, and not worry ourselves by our
neighbor’s concerns.
Instead of following the fashions of Eu
rope, let us cultivate a spirit of indepen
dence, and decide for ourselves, how our
coats, hats and boots shall be made.
Keep out of the streets, unless
calls us to transact that which we can not dt¥
in our stores, shops, or dwellings,’
By all means keep away Irofli drinking
and gambling houses.
When we buy an article of clothing, c*u--
dy commendable economy, at the same time
get a good artie'e, and when made take
particular care of it, ahd wear it out regard
less of any change off ashion. Fashion is a
great tyrant, and men are fools to be slaves
to it.
Stay at home nights, improve our studies’
by reading, writing or instructive conversa
tion. and retire to our beds at an early hour.
Be kind to relatives, obliging to
and charitable to all.