Newspaper Page Text
towns s the roast of the Atlantic is now. In
UMitbrr generation we ahall have reached eighty
mil! ions of people, and, if we can preserv e peace,
who shall set iioumls to our prosperity, or our
•ucceas! Whh one foot planted on the Atlan
tic and the other on the Pacific, we shall occu
py a position between the two old continents of
the world—a position eminently calculated to
arctira to us the roni.nerre and the influence of
both. If we abide by the consuls of common
•roar —if we succeed in preserving our consti
tutional liberty, we shall then exhih,: a spectacle
•neb as the world .never aaw. I know that this
one great mission is encompassed with difficul
ties. bat such is the inherent energy of our po
litical system, and such its expansive capability,
Piat it may lie made to g-ivcm the widest spagp.
Ifby mar we lterome great, we cannot lie free;
If we will L** both great and fire, our policy is
peace.
Before I rrcumc my sea% allow me to pay
lew words which relate personally to tliysclf,
and tlien I m ill relieve the iSenatc.
I havr been charged with having more incli
nation for the annexation of Texas than for the
iHention of Oregon; and it has been said that
ny partialities are strong for the Mouth, but very
weak in comparison for the North. Hut why is
Texas sjtoken of as particularly connected with
the Southern Mtafcu. I always thought that
Texas formed a part, and a very important part,
of the valley of the Mississip|ii, and that the
hearts of all who loved the West were particu
bnr art upon its acquisition as a means of per
freting ami consummating the union of our
great Western world. I never knew that Texas
Was confined to a southern latitude. I thought
its higher portions extended up to the latitude of
42° north, not tar from the gTcat pass of the
Rocky Mountains; and I have licen in the hab
it of supposing that the Southern States proper
had not so great an interest, in it as had the
great West, llut it seems I was wrong, and
that the annexation of Texas was w purely South
ern question. Admitting it to be so, I put my
dririHT on the ground that I have treated both
questions—that of Texas and that of Oregon—
in a manner best calculated to keep both, and
that the course I pursued was the only effectual
means to unite Texas and to retain Oregon. If
my course was different toward the two, it was
because the circumstances of the two were en
tirely different. In the ease of Texas time was
again* uq in the rase of Oregon time was for
ua. and hence the difference in my poliry. Tex
as has been secured. Wc were at a point where
•he must come under our influence, or under
that of England. I was anxious to prevent the
latter, and secure the former; and I knew that
tirnr would he against us. I had to contend
again* time, which waits for no man. That
was no ease fir a masterly inactivity. I there
fore wrestled boldly with the question, and suc
rem has proved that tlie policy was sound. But,
Hi the earn* of Oregon, time was in our favor.—
My poliry in both cases was the same—to ovoid
war, and to preserve peace. I had no fears of a
War with Kngland. I knew that Texas was an
independent Mtato, ami had so been acknowledg
ed by England herself; so that, if the people of
Texas consented to the annexation, the opposir
lion of England had nothing to stand on; and
htat we had nothing to fear from Mexico, Unless
•he was aided by England; and that England
would not aid her unless with a view to the Ore
gon question. And I tliought that, if the Texas
question was not settled, there would l>* hitter
feelings between us and England. We are
both the descendants of the same stock—both
jealous and licave—both fond (too fond) of War,
England would have interfered, and then it
would cost us a war to recover that, which, by a
wise and a hold policy, wc might have effectual
ly secured.
From the Savannah Georgian.
Mr. Editor—ln the month of December last,
the Federal Union published two speeches of
the Hon. Mr. Berrien, one delivered at Boston
on the 26th September, 1844, the other at Mil
lcdgcvillo on tire 15th November, 1845, accom
panied by an editorial commentary. The object
if the publication was to defend the Democratic
pm of Georgia from the charge hurled against
it by that gentleman in his MilledgcVillc speech,
of having “calumniated and misrepresented”
fcU opinion* upon various subjects, and among
them that of the tariff. In the exercise of the
unqoostionod right of self-defence, the Editor of
the Federal Union, extracted from the Boston
speech various passages to establish the- truth of
the statements made by the Democratic presses
of Georgia, for the publication of which they
had been denounced as calumniators by Mr.
Berrien. That all might have an opportunity of
ascertaining the fairness of tire extracts, the speech
itaelf from which they were taken was published
mmuhancously with them. A more legitimate or
honorable course could not have boon devised.—
Much was the course pursued by the Editor of the
Federal Uuiou and for so doing, that print has
hern assailed by Mr. B. in his recent address to
the people of Georgia, with a degree of vitupe
ration not to be expected from a “ grave and rev
erend” {Senator. The vivacity of his assault
mlinitn the success of the defence put forth by
lire Union. But it is to be borne in mind that
epithets arc not proofs, vituperation is not argu
ment, and an air of offended dignity may not be
substituted for solier reason, or dispassionate dis
cussion. Much of Mr. Berrien’s speech is mere
ly vituperative, and carries on its face an attempt
to take public sentiment by storm. But I much
mistake the intelligence of the people of Georgia
if sucre** crowns the effrrt. Os what let me ask
docs the gentleman so bitterly complain ! Not
of the publication of his speeches however awk
ward he the dilemma in which their juxta posi
tion places him. lie does not profess to com
plain of tins, for he says “ that overlooking the
malevolence of the motive which prompted it,”
he tlranksrxiie Fedora?” Uni on for the opportunity
the publication has afforded him of addressing
• portion of his fellow citizens. May wc not
doubt the gratitude of/ the gentleman ? Men
when they receive favors, do not pause to scan
eery closely the motives of their benefactors.—
But let this pass. It is not then of the publica
tion'of speeches he complains, but of the
motive which* prompted it. Now that motive
was dearly resolvdde into a desire to clear the
Dcm icratie press of Georgia front the imputation
east upon it by Mr. B. of having been the vehicle
of calumny. lam yet to lam that the exercise
of the right of self-defence is to be attributed to
malevolence of motive. Mr. B. asserts that such
a m Hive is obvious in the commentary which ac
companies the speeches.
Now it is evHent that, if the motive of the edr
tor of the Federal Union were malevolent he
would not have putdished simultaneously with
the commentary the Boston-speech at length, and
fruited public attention to ifv Mr. B. complains
Fiat the commentary is not a fair exponent of the
public speech. Now, if it be not,-the editor of
the Ted -ral Union gave to all an opportunity of
ascertaining the fact, for he published it at tlfe
same time with the whole of the Boston speech.
But a faithful insertion of that document, it seems,
was not suffi -ient for the vindication of the gen
flemin from intentional or unintentional mis
statements of its import. It is so Delphic in
it* character that the gentleman himself is not
content that it should speak for itself, but accom
panies the re-publication of it with a commenta
ry by himself which commentary he, of course
ieem'd’necessary to his defence. Now, the de
fence is conducted bv Mr. B. on the very plan
pursued by the Fcderal Union—the ihsertion of
the whole speech* with a commentary, in - which
certain passages of the speech arc “extractcdand
collated.” When this course is pursued by the
gentleman; it is all *ght; but when taken by the
Federal Union; it excites his ire and indignant
rebuke. To relieve himself from the proposition
in whirh the successful defence of the Federal
Union had placed him* Mr. B. extracts from his
Boston speech and collates in Ills commentary
one or two passages, to p#ovc that the tariff sys
tem, of which he declared himself the advocate,
was that of an adequate revenue raised from du
ties on imports, so imposed ai ton fiord protcc-|
tion to the domestic industry of on# country.—
He then contends that all he subsequently said
in his Boston speech is to be'applied to such a
system alone. This is the defence of the gentle
man fairly stated. - Now, in taking his text, the
gentleman doubtless had an eye on that large
portion of Southern Whigs who could not go the
wdiolc for the miscalled Aitnerican System. But
dal he stick to his text V feet uts look to other
portions of his Boston speech, when he comes
to speak of the tariff of 18121 ••Two gwat
questions,” says the Senator, “now engage the
attention of the American people—the Tariff
and the Annexation of Te^caa.”
Now, what was the tariff which engaged the
attention of tlie |*>ople during the lkst Presiden
tial campaign ! Why none other hut the tariff
act of 1842. “On these the Whig party
throughout the Union are united in council and
in action.” But again, the Hon. gentleman
leaves nothing to inference, nothing to be re
i ferred hack to any thing he may have elsewhere
said, for he names the tariff act of 1842 itself—
“ Fellow citizens!” he exclaims, “ we have
looked at this question (the protective system) in’
various aspects. There is yet another which is
full of interest. practical result of the
tariff of 1842 in both upon the
Government and pSph during the short period
of its existence.” After presenting to his audi
ence in tlie darkest colors a picture of the em
barrassment of tlie country, he proceeds—“ The
tariff of 1/542 was passed and instantly before its
practical influence could he felt, the whole aspect
of affairs was Changed. *The credit of the Gov
ernment was restored. Treasury notes rose to
par, and the stock of the United States has pro
gressively advanced until it is now 15 or 16 per
cent ahoviJpar. The Treasury had been re
plenished so that at the close of the late finan
cial year on the 30th June last there were about
seven millions of dollars subject to the order of
the Government, to be applied to the redemption
ofthe public debt, and to meet itstiirrCnt expenses.
Much has lieen the operation Os the tariff on the
financial condition of the Government. What
lias lieen its influence on flic condition of individ
uals let each one who hears me, determine for
himself by a comparison of his circumstances
in 1842, and at the present day. Meantime it
is obvious to all that anew stimulus has lieen
imparted to industry, that confidence between
nlun and man has been restored-^that all enjoy
more largply the comforts and conveniences of
life, and that wc can look forward hopefully to*
th! future, unless we are faithless to ourselves
and utterly unmindful of the lessons of experi
ence. Fellow citizens! we cannot part with a
system thus beneficent in its influence upon the
government and upon every Hass of the people
in all their varied interests pecuniary, social and
moral.”
Now, what is the system which has operated
so Iteneliceiitly] Why the gentleman tells Us
himself, that he is considering the protective sys
tem iri file aspect it assumed in the tariff act Os
1-842. It is of that act he is speaking. It is to
that act he had just assigned such beneficent, re
sults. It is from the system as embodied in that
act, he declares, “we cannot part.”
Now it is for extracting from tlie Boston
speech the above extract witli others, accompa
nied bv a publication of the whole speech that
the editor of the Federal Union has been de
nounced in unmeasured terms. I leave to the
citizens of Georgia, to whom Mr. Berrien lias ap
pealed, to judge between the temper and spirit,
which tlie editor of the Federal Union ami the
Hon’ gentleman have evinced in their respective
articles. I doubt not they will render to the
parties JUSTICE.
I may intrude some further remarks upon you
in relation to other portion of the address of
Mr. 8., on a future occasion.
mOM MANUFACTURES I*
GEORGIA.
We copy the following interesting letter from
the Southern Cultivator:
Mr. Caniak. —By last mail some unknown
hand forwarded to Messrs Cooper & Mtroup a
number of the Chronicle & Sentinel, containing
an extract from your paper, in which is copied a
notice token from a Wctuinpka (Ala.) paper, cf
certain very superior castings about then said to
be delivering in Wetumpka, from Mr. Moore’s
Foundry in Alabama, stating also what lie was
doing, and how much, &c., alter which, you
express a desire to know what Cooper & Stroup
are doing, and you appeal to me individually to
inform you.
“Having at all times had a pleasant as well as
profitable intercourse with you, I cheerfully
avail myself of the first opportunity to respond.
First, we have too much to do, to talk much
or write much except on business,
We are blowing two good furnaces with a ca
pacity for 6 to 7 tons metal per ebay, producing
from twenty to twenty-five tons per week:—su
perior metal in the form of machinery', agricul
tural implements, hollow ware, pig metal and
wrought iron. In machinery, we make all kinds
of gearing fir cotton mills, grist and saw mills,
cotton gin-! aad horse powers, threshers, wheat
fans, ploughs, Ac. Cast machinery for cotton
factories, for looms, spindles, throstles and cards,
are made by us equal to any in the Union, pro
nounced so by the machineists at the Coweta
Falls Manufacturing Canpany’s works at Col
umbus, Geo. These men are recently from
Lowell, Mass. t
We are sending hollow ware to almost every*
part of Georgia, and selling it at from to
cents. We have a depot at Newton & Lucas’,
Athens, where it may be bought by wholesale at
factory prices. Ten tons of it are now on the
way there.
About the time specified in your extract frorll
the Wetumpka paper, wc delivered and sold at
Wetumpka a ton and a half of hollow ware as
good as ever went to the market, the quantity
and character of which, wc hope will not dispar
age that of our neighbor. We can send more.
We have a depot in Augusta and Columbus,
and hope soon to have one in Macon. In strength
and durability* our wares add machinery* have an
advantage over most that conics into Georgia.
We arc making about a half ton of malleable
iron per day when operating, and have on hand
a stock of thirty tons bar iron and plough moulds
for market.
We have a flour mill that can grind eight Id
ten bushels per hour jK?r run, and make good
Hour; two com grists, one of which only is
now operating, and grinds 50 to 60 bushels per
day.
There is a population of about 400 dependent
on our operations for daily subsistence, of whom,
probably, two hundred are women and children,
without work, who might be employed in cotton
and wool factories at nominal prices^
Wc have water power without limit, in two
miles and a half of the Rail Road to Charleston
ami Savannah. We consume annually about
25,000 bushels of corn, 3 to 500 bushels of
flour, 100,000 llw porks, besides other minor
articles; from 10 to 20 sacks coffee per month, be
sides sugar, salt, molasses, Ac.
This, sir is a part of what wc arc doing. —
We are building a Merchant Mill (of stone,)
capable of manufacturing 3 to 500 barrels flour
per day. We arc putting up a wool carding
mill for Mr. Buchanan, to which is to be added
machinery for coarse woolens.
We have the foundation of a Rolling Mill
laid, and expect to start it by December next.
We have fifty tons of pig metal on tire way
to Boston, Providence. Charleston, Savannah,
and Augusta, ami ought to supply every foundry
in Georgia if they know their interest.
, We have the power of the E€ >wah river five
times over in three miles, and where one million
of dollars might now be profitably invested.
Having hastily answered your question so
pointedly referring to my affairs, excuse me if
I in turn a*k one of you, to wit:
What will you and your neighbors do with
your idle capital ? Can’t you apply it so as to
put idle people to Work 1
Respectfully, your friend, &c.,-
$ Mark A. Coup Ur.
‘ Iron Works, Cass Cos., Ga., Feb. 2, 1346.
MtnnF.R op tiip. Vax Ness Faxii.t—
Great EiciTEXRXT at Aubcrs, N. Y.
We learn from the Cayuga Tocksin that the au
thorities of Auburn had great difficulty in pre
ventfng the enforcement of Lynch law in the
case of the negro murder of the Van Ness family.
He was taken from the jail to the house in order
that Van Arsdala and Miss Holmes might inden
tify him, which they did. An immense crowd fol
lowed him, and on arriving at the house, while
the officers and negfo Were within, a motion
was mrtdc to 1 the throng out of doors by one of
the most substantial men of Auburn, that the
wretch be taken from the hands of the officers,
and ‘ strung uj on the first tree !” Tli c ni6fion j
was seconded by atd&icrfnofthe churdh, and
carried by a deafening AVIS \ from tire’ ctowd.
A ruse was subsequently practised bv the offi-’
cers, Ky which they succeeded iri‘ getting him 1
bac'Md the prison, and tliC'crowd'dispersed.
FOREIGN.
From the N. Y. Morning News.
ARRIVAL OF THE HIBERNIA.
TWXHTT-TWO BATS UTIt #ROX EUROPE.
The Steamer Hibernia arrived at Halifax on
Tuesday, 17th instant, at 4 o'olock, P. M. The
news was brought thenee to this city in less than
forty-seven hours, by the Special Express run on
account of the Tribune, Sun and other papers.
Sir Robert Akl’s Tariff bill passed its “crisis”
in the at 3 o’clock on the
morning by the decisive vote oi
330 to on the motion to bring
in a bill—a A bill will doubtless
pass the one hundred majority*.
The debate Was continued through twelve
nights, and was most earhest and able. There
were 103 in favor of and 53 a
gainst the bill; Among the speakers for the bill
were Peel, Russell, Sir James Graham, Lord
Morpeth, Sir George Clarke, Messrs. Cobdcn,
Bright, Villicrs, Goulbum, and Sidney Herbert.
The most effective opponent of measure was D’-
Israeli,the author of “Vivian Grey,” “Goingshy,”
&c. Sir Robert Peel made a Powerful speech,
giving the reasons for llis change of policy, which
he bases in good part on the prevailing scarcity
of food in Great Britain.
He spoke three hours, fully explaining his re
tirement from and resumption of office, and con
cluding amidst the hearty applauditsof a majori
ty of the House, consisting in good part of his
old opponents. Mr. Cobdcn closed in a strong
Free Trade speech. After a personal sqilable,
the House divided, and the tellers announced—
For Sir Robert Peel’s motion, 330
Against it, 240
Majority for the Measure, 97
This is a strerig vote, and removes all doubt of
the passage of the measure through the House.
Great interest is felt in the prospective action of
the Lords upon it. The Free Traders say they*
will not venture to throw it out, but will pass
it, however reluctantly.
From India, we have advices of a great bat
tle, or rather a two day’s struggle, between the
Mikhs of the Ptlnjoch, and the British army,
which terminated in the defeat of the Sikhs, after a
most tremenduous slaughter. The British loss
is some 3,800, the Mikhs some 30,000.
American Flour was quoted in bond 265. a
275. sterling. Indian Corn in bond 30s. a 3ls.
Germany. —The Grand Duke of Baden hav
ing found his Chambers intractable, has dissolv
ed them. The opposition calculate on retaining
their majority*.
Preparations for War. —Whether or not
we arc to have war, great preparations are be
ing made for it. The army is to be increased
10,000 men; the militia arc to be in readiness for
immediate training; the ordinance corps are to
receive an accession of 1,500 men; the royal ma
rines 2,500 men; and the land regiments of the
line 6,000. The increase'in the navy will be
about 1,000 men.
Arrivals from the United States. —The
steamship “Hibernia” arrived here, on her home
ward voyage from Boston on the 14th ult., after
a passage of 13 days. She was succeeded, on the
23d, by the “Queen of the West,” whoso news
was anticipated by the steamer. On the 27th,
the “Sheridan,” with five days’ later news, ar
rived, anticipating the “Oxford,” of the 2d, which
arrived on the following day, the 28t.h. On the
2d instt, a 3 o’cl’k P. M., the “Patrick Henry,”
Capt. Delano, put us in possession of dates to
the 9th ult. after a rough voyage. At the time
of our going to press we have ho news of tlie
clipper schooner “Wm. J. ltomer,” Which sailed
with the Patrick Henry, and of which wc find
so much said in the New York papers of the 9tli.
The Patrick Henry has fairly beaten her. The
important news by* the Patrick Henry was for
warded immediately to London by our Express,
and reached there in hours after the vessel
entered the river; our messenger making up the
news for publication whilst travelling ‘up. It is
worth remark, that the same dates fi*oin New
York, arrived in London in ona hour afterwards,
via Havre, by the “St. Nicholas,’* arrived at that
port on the 28th ult.., and which vessel sailed in
company with the Patrick Henry and the clip
per schooner.
The Murders ox Board the Shtp Troy.
Most of our readers will remember the horrid
scenes which were detailed as having taken
place on board the ship Troy, on her passage
from Hong Kong to England. The Captain
hewed and hacked his mate, officers and sea
men with a cutlass, as though they had been
blocks of wood. He was tried af the Central
Criminal Court on the sth instant, for seven
murders and felonies. The Attorney Gcncfai
prosecuted. The trial lasted two days. The
jury acquitted him on the ground of insanity.—
The verdict has caused much dissatisfaction.—
Johnson will, of course, be confined for life.—
His health, which was bad when lie was com
mitted, has been partially restored
Ue wards of Four Hundred Lives Lost.
Accounts have been received of the loss of the
emigrant ship Catai-aque. The vessel left Liver
pool in April last, with 369 emigrants on board,
and a crew of 46, for Van Dieman’s Land. In
August she reached Bass’s Straits, and on the
4th of that month struck on a reef off King’s Is
land. Nearly one-half cf the passengers were
drowned below. About 200 reached the deck
and clung to the ship, but the severity of the
weather caused her to go to’ pieces. Only nine
of all on board survived. The ship was out of her
reckoning.
Wheat, it is said, can lie grown in England
for 4s. 10 id. the bushel, or 695. the quarter; bar
ley, 2s. 10$d., or 225. lOd. per quarter; arid oats,
2s. 3jd. per bushel, or 18s. 4d. per quarter, in
cluding rent and all other charges.
The American Minister is confined to his
house by severe indisposition. He was unable
to attend her Majesty’s levee oft the 11th, but
was represented by Mr. Ganscvriort Melville, liis
Secretary of Legation.
Louis Pliillipcf, is said tribe in favor of refer
ring the Oregon dispute tri the arbitration of
three English arid three American gentlemen—
thus carrying out the’ idea of Mr. Winthrrip of
Massachusetts.
Naples has entered iritri commercial treaties
with Norway, Sweeden, Denmark and Sardinia.
She has also removed the prohibition on the im
port of pins, allowing it to take place on paym'ent
of a moderate duty. Naples is very liberally dis
posed with regard to her tariffs, and, it is said,
intends to make very great modification in them.
In one year, ending stli January, 1846, 229,-
241 quarters wheat and wheat flour were im
ported into England from Canada.
The “Ldcasses” of Berne have gained a great
triumph. A majority of 25,000 against 10,000
of th<t whole people has decided that an assem
ble constitUante shall be elected by the 2nd of
March, for she drawing up of anew constitution,
in place of the existing one, which is too aristo
cratic.
Father Matthew has published a letter, accom
panied with specimens of bread and “stirabout”
.made from Indian corn. Efforts are now mak
ing to introduce this excellent beverage, not on
ly in Ireland, but into the three kingdoms gener
ly, oh the plan whiclnnarks its use in the United
States.
From Persia Wc hear with alarm that the Chol
era is raging furiously.
The idea broached by the London Times of
the re of a monarchy in Mexico has
been received, upon the whole, with favor by
the Parisian press. Even the republican Na
tional docs no! denounce it, if it be the pleasure
of the Mexicans, hut insists upon the full liberty
of action being allowed them. It also advises
that in any measure the French government
may be induced to join in, care be taken tliat it
be not made the dupe of England.
Mr. King, the American Minister, at Paris,
gave a grand ball on Monday, in celebration of
W ashington’s birth day. The fete was a most
splendid one, and appeared to afford the highest
gratification to all the guests, and will rank a-
the most brilliant of the present season.
Washington Irving, the United States Minis
ter at Madrid, has quitted Puris after several
weeks stay'. Mr. WhCaton, the Uriited Stales
Minister at Prussia, is now here.
‘Hie operations af'th?*lJank ofFraljcc lasi year
amounted to 1,489,907,000 francs, the highest
.unount they have yet attained.
A law for according an extraordinary vote of
’5.000,000 francs to Algiers, has beenpresented
:o the Chamber by* the Minister The
•ost of this colony in treasure and bflKs enor
mous.
Cotton up to the arrival of the Packet ship
Patrick Henry, had been dejpressed in price, but
tlie news brought by her being* considered of a
somewhat hostile character, tlie prices rallied and
the market became firmer.
Provisions and Flour were dull, and the Mo
ney market—in consequence of the 15 millions
of pounds sterling locked up in the rel ays—was
very tight.
The article of Maize or Indidrt Com, yvas be
coming very popular among the people.
The French have met with disastrous defeats
in Algiers.
The Catholic Bishop of New York is in Paris,
and has beeti preaching several sermons. The
greater part of his auditories have consisted of
English and Irish Catholics. The Bishop of
Texas is also here, having come to raise money,
and to obtain priests to accompany him to Tex
as, to assist in promulgating the faith. His mis
sion is said to have been as successful as lie could
possibly wish.
Free Trade principles ans becoming popular
in Franee.
Subscriptions for the distressed Irish have lieen
commenced at Calcutta.
IRELAND:
The Liverpool Times, speaking of the declin
ing health df Dariiel O’Connell, says :
He luis attained the allotted duration of hu
man life; bilt if all the accounts which appear be
true, is riot destined long to exceed it. Those
who sbe him nightly in the House of Commons
declare that he is sinking fast, and that the last
twelve months have added thirty years’ load to
his existence. He enters and leaves the House
on the arm of his son John; and once or twice,
when he essay ed to speak, his voice was so feeble
that he could scarcely be heard iri the reporters’
gallery. This appears so be the winding up of a
career which will alway stand out despite of its
imperfection, as one of the most remarkable in the
history df thfc British nation.
The affairs of Ireland arc absorbed in tlie con
templation of great Free-trade drama, which is
now being acted in England. Mr. O’Connell is
in London, and the management of the Repeal
Association is confided to his lieutenant Mr. Smith
O’Brien: A bill introduced into the House of
Lords, the object of which is render life and pro
perty more secure in the sister country, has met
with a good deal of opposition, and much angiy
recrimination. The bill proposes to give tlie
Lord Lieutenant the power of declaring disturbed
districts under the operation of the act; injured
persons rire to be compensated; the protective
force is to lie increased; ami a tax is to.be levied up
on the district itself for the payme'ht of expen
ses. Tlie curfew of the Norman eonquerer is to
be revived—people in the proscribed part of tlie
country are not to be out of their homes from sun
set to sunri'se.
All this seems arbitrary, arid, in tlid present en
lightened age, barbarous, but if the brutal mur
ders, assassinations and illegal associations, at
once the bane and the opprobrium of the land,
can be arrested, it will go far to reconcile all hon
est and well disposed persons to the infliction.—
Happily, this coercion bill is to be accompanied
by conciliatory measures of a political and agri
cultural kind.
A bill for the improvement of land by provid
ing compensation to tenants, a bill for amending
the laws relative to the registration of voters,
and another for placing the municipal franchise of
England and Ireland on the same footing, fire it
mongst the promised measures of amelioration.
GREAT BATTLE IN INDIA.
Our advices from Bombay, since the sailirig of
the steamship Cambria, come down to January
17, and furnish accounts of one of the greatest
battles ever fought by the British in our Indian
Empire, in which we have sustained the known
loss of 3,300 of our brave soldiers, including the
gallant Sale, Sir J, M’Kaskill and Major Broad
foot.
An Extraordinary Gazette gives tlie official ac
count of all the military operations in this great
struggle. On the 12th, 13th and 14th of Decem
ber the Sikh army crossed the Sutlej, with, at the
lowest estimate, 80,000 men (of whom 20,000 or
30,000 were calalry) and about 150 cannon of
the largest calibre moveable in the field.
A fierce conflict ensued, in which the Sihks
lost tlie artillery attached to their division, in
number 17 guns. It was in this stage of the bat
tle that Sir Robert Sale and Genera] M’Kaskill
fell.
Imagination can scarcely depict the fury and
the obstinacy of the two days fight that must
have preceded the capture of the invader’s camp
with all its material and artillery, and the utter
dispersion of tlie invading army on the 22d of De
cember. Their loss is variously estimated at from
25.000 to 35,000 in killed and wounded. Our.
loss in killed and wounded, it is to be feared,
falls little short of 3,300, including 50 European
officers.
New Process for Taking.—A recent
discovery in the art of tanning leather lias been
made by Dr. Tamfrtrff 6f London, which is said
id ts Frerich p'aipcr “to eclipse every tlttrtg that
has been discovered hi the practical arts for these
hundred years.” The process is descrihediri and
communication to the Academy of Sciences.
When a membrane intervenes between two li
quids of different densities, they produce two
currents, the one outward called extosmosis, and
the other inward called endosmosis. By this
new physical law the currents interchange until
they become of the same specific gravity; thus
Dr. Turnbull, by sewing up and hide filled with
one liquid of a certain specific gravity, and (fieri
immersing the hide in another liquid of greater or
lesser density,- keeps tip the reciprocal action un
til such a time as the hide is thoroughly tanned.
By the ordinary process of tanning it requires
eighteen months to tan ah rix hide and 400
pounds of bark. Dr. Tumbtill tans the hide in
fourteen days, and with only 100 pounds of bark.
This process gives an extra Weight of leather;
varying from fifteen to twenty-five pottriu per
cent. Calves’ skins, which under the old pro
cess require an immersion in the vat of five, six,
and seven months, are by the new protecss tanned
in two days. This rapidity of execution is by
no means attended with inferiority Jo the leather
produced. On the contrary, it is said to become
much better, all the saturation required for the
production of good leather being as fully effected
by the new as the old process.
The STriaxiY Pkterel, oa Mother Ca
rey’s Chic keys.- —-There are very fc w persons
who have heCfl to sea, theft have not seen these inno
cent little birds careering over the bounding bil
lows during the prevalence of a high wind, of
which they are generally considered the precur
sors. Inasmuch as the sotirce from whence they
derive their last mentioned name may not he gen
erally known to thrise who have seen them, wc
annex the following statement, taken from the
second volume of the first scries of the Naval
Sketch Book, by an English officer:
The “Tiger,” an outward bound East-India-
Man, had one continued gale, without intermis
sion, till she got to the Cape of Good Hope, by
which time she was almost a wreck ; that off
this Cape, in particular, sire was nearly founder
ed : that in the height of the gale were seen a
number of ominous birds screaming about in die
lightning’s blaze, some of them ofmonstrous shape
and size : that among the passengers was a wo
man called “Mother Carey,” whri always seemed
to smile when she looked upon these foul
weather birds, upon which it was concluded that
she was a witch; that she had conjured them up
from the Red Sea, and that they riever would
have a prosperous voyage whilst she remained on
board ; and, finally, that just as they were de
bating about it, she sprang overboard and went
down in a flame, when the birds, (ever after call
ed “Mother Carey's Chickens,”) vanished in a
moment and left the Tiger to pursue her voyage
in peace.
Bonaparte’s house, at Longwood, St. Helena,
is now a barn—the room he died in, is a stable,
and where the imperial corps laid in state, may
lie found a machine for grinding corn.
Argus.
A'NdTHF.R Si.avf.r. —The “Robert Wilson,”
ahother slaver, has been added to the number of
tM recent captures by the officers of our Navy.
ir fflmcnu
‘ COLUMBUS, GA.
WEDNESDAY, APRIL 1, 1846.
“Times Office” on Randolph Street, in the 0-
glethorpe Bnilding, in rear of the Post Office.
RENOVATION.
We hope our readers will in the gratifi
cation we feel, in presenting the “ Toies” to
them in an entire new dress.
•
Mr. of the Texas Senators has ar
rived at auMhketi his seat.
NOTICE IN THE SENATE.
An effort was made by Mr. Allen, on the 26th
ult. to obtain an informal understanding that the
debate Oh the “notice” should terminate that day
week. It is believed that the •* monster” talk is
drawing to an end; and that in a few days we may
get the vote. Certainly it is time. We should
think the note of preparation for war not only
from England, but very recently from Canada,
where it is said warlike demonstrations are being
made on a very large scale, would operate as a
hint on the body to which the Nation looks for the
means of defence against foreign hostilities:
Ftioxi wisjftycTov.
PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE;
We publish the message from’ the President in
reference to the state of oar relations with Eng
land, communicated to the Senate, in reply to a
resolution of enquiry offered by Mil. Dattox.
It will be read with interest. It is in the style of
all of Mr. Polks’ state papers, clear, calm, and to
the point. The message is said to have caused
some sensation at Washington. We presume
the excitement was principally confined to the
letter-writers.
If a prudent forccaste, which would prepare the
country for the possible contingencies of war, is
“warlike” then is the massage so. The Presi
dent gives reasons enough, why Congress should
do something besides talk, and we should think
that his allusion to the “gravest responsibility”
which would rest upon the Government in the
event of being involved in sudden hostilities,
while the country was wholly unprepared for it
would startle the Senate from the “masterly inac
tivity” of ever-lasting speech-making. Congress
h;ts LeCri in session four monfhs —all that time, a
serious cohtroversy has been in progress with the
first power ofEurope—that power has been the
w hole while actively arming and increasing her
naval and military resources. She is at peace
with all Europe, and yet we, clinging to the hope
of peace, denouncing the possibility of war be
tween two such great nations, have not raised a
man, or mounted a gun, to meet a dreadful con
tingency. We hope the message will arouse
Congress to action.
Preparation and spirit have saved many battles,
while timidity find supinenesS invite aggression.
John Bull will w-hip anybody and annex any
body’s territory, who have not the nerve and
means to present it. We repeat, that the onlv
w-ay to negotiate with England is with arms in
hand;
To the Senate of the United States :
In answer to the inquiry of the Senate, Con
tained in their resolution of 17th instant, whether
in my “judgment,- any circumstances connected
with, tir growing out of; the foreign relations of this
country, require at this time aji increase of our
naval or military force;” and.-if so, “what those
circumstances are,” I have to express the opin
ion, that a wise precaution- demands such in
crease. f
In my anhual message of the 2d of December
last, I recommended to the favorable considera
tion of Congress an increase of our naval force,
especially of our steam navy, and the raising of
an adequate military force to guard and protect
such of our citizens as might think pr&per to em
igrate to Oregon. Since that period, I have seen
no cause to recall Or modify these recommenda
tions. Oh the contrary, reasoirS exist which, in
my judgment; render it proper not only that they
should be promptly carried into effect, but that
additional provisions should be made for the
public defence.
The consideration of shell additional provision
was brought before appropriate committees of the
two houses of Congress, in answer to calls made
by them, in reports prepared, with my sanction,
by the Secretary of War and the Secretary of the
Navy, on the 29th of December and the Bth of
January last; a mode of communication with
Congress not unusual, and. under existing cir
cumstances, believed to be most eligible. Sub
sequent events have confirmed me in the opinion
that these recommendations were proper as pre
cautionary measures.
It was a wdse maSifri of the Father of his coun
try, that -to be prepared for war, is one of the
most efficient means of preserving peace;” and
that, “avoiding occasions of expense by culti
vating peace,” we should “remember; also, that
timely disbursements to prepare for danger fre
quently prevent much greater disbursements to
repel it.” The general obligation to perform
this duty is greatly strengthened by facts known
to the whole world.* A controversy respecting
the Oregon territory now exists between the Uni
ted States and Great Britain ; and while; as far as
we know, the relations of the latter with all Eu
ropean; nations are ofthe most pacific character,
she is making unusual and cxt.raordin iry arma
ments and warlike preparations, riaval and mil
itary, both at home and in’ her North American
possessions.
It cannot be disguised that, however sincere
may be the desire of peace, in the event of a
rupture, these armaments and preparations would
be used against our couutry. Whatever may
have been the original purpose of these prepara-’
tions, the fact is undoubted that they are now
proceeding, in part, at least, with a view tS the
contingent possibility of a war with the United
States. The general policy of making additional
warlike preparations was distinctly announced,
iri’ the speech from the throne, as late as January
last, apd has since been reiterated by the minis
ters of the crown in both houses of Parliament.—
Under this aspect of Our relations with Great
Britain, f cannot doubt the propriety of increas
ing our means of defence, both by land and sea.
This can give Great Britain no cause of offence,-
nor increase’ the danger of a rupture. If, on the
contrary, we should fold Our arms in security, and
at last be suddenly involved in hostilities for the
maintenance of our just rights, without any ade
quate preparation, our responsibility to the coun
try would be of the gravest character. Should
collision between the two countries be avoided,
as I sincerely trust it may be, the additional chalrge
upo%the treasury, in making the necessary pre
parations, will not be lost; while, in the event of
such a collision, they would be indispensable for
the maintenance of our national rights and national
honor.
I have seen no xpason to change or modify the
recominehdations of my annual message in regard
to the Oregon question. The notice a to abrogate
the treaty of the 6th of August, 1827, is authori
sed by the treaty itself, and cannot be regarded
as a warlike measure; and I cannot withhold my
strong conviction that it should be promptly given.
The other recommendations, are in conformity
with the existing treaty, and would afford to
American citizens in Oregon jio more than the
same measure of protection which has long since
been extended to British subjects in that territory.
The state of our relations’ with Mexico is still
in an unsettled condition. Since the meeting of
Congress another revolution has taken place in
that country, by which the government has pass
ed into the hands of new rulers. The event has
procrastinaied, and may possibly defeat, the
settlement of the differences between the United
States and that country. The minister of the
United States to Mexico, at the date of last ad
vices, had not been received by the existing au
thorities. Demonstrations of a character hostile
to the United States continue to’ be made in Mex
ico, which has rendered it proper, in my judg
ment, to keep nearly two-thirds of our army ori
our southwestern frontiar. In doWg this, many
of the regular military posts have been reduced
to a small force, inadequate td their defence
should an emergency arise.
In view of these ‘‘circumstances,” it is my
“judgment” that “an"increase of our naval and
military force is at this time required,” to place
the country in a suitabje state of defence. At
die same time, it is nry settled purpose to pursue
such a course of policy as maybe best calculated
to preserve, both with Gjeat Britain and Mexico,
an honorable peace; ’wljich nothing will so effect
ually promote as unanimity in our councils, and a
firm maintenance of oiii just rights.
JAMES. K. POLK.
Washington, March 23, 1846.
THE CITY BRIDGE;
Wo have refrained from alluding to the unfor
tunate spirit df belligerence which has grown up
on cither side of the Chattahoochee River, upon
the subject of the City bridge, because we did not
believe that a newspaper discussion would do any
good in a matter to be settled Iry an appeal to
the Law. That the toll gate clccied on the
Alabama side by order of the county CtfUtrt &f
Russell, is a high-handed and unwarrantable
measure we have not believed there was ant
room to doubt. The pretext offered for the pro
ceeding will not bear a moment’s examination.—
It is to raise money to defray the expense of
keeping a large number of bridges throughout
the county —and to effect this,-every man who
rides over into Girard, and who nfcver sees one
of the bridges in question is taxed.—Whatever
the pretext or the true motive, the effect is to
operate as a tax for crossing the bridge belonging
to the city of Columbus. It is a waste of words
to argue the impropriety and injustice of the
thing.
The City Council of Columbus, impelled by a
sense of duty to protect the revenue of the city
derived from the bridge, have passed an ordi
nance, (a copy of which will be found in dur ad
vertising columns,) of retaliation ttpon the citi
zens of that. county whose authorities have ch
atted this wrong.* The Enqiiircr of this city
finds fault with the proceedings of Council, and
wc only allude to the subject to state our belief
that the measure is proper and just, and that if
meets with the public approbation.
Council have also engaged Messrs. Johnson Si
Williams, Attorney’s to file a bill of injunction in
the Chancery Courts of Alabama, against the
persons who illegally demifrid toll at the oilier
end of the bridge. Wc understand the bill has
been sanctioned.
In the meantime we enjoin moderation and
coolness upon all parties. It isbet:- rforthe citizen
who is obliged to cross, to submit to a tempora
ry inconvenience and imposition than to violate
the laws by violence and bloodshed.
We will say to the people in Girard, who feel
the burthen of the tolls over the city bridge, that
they are not without those who sympathize with
them, on this side of the River. Our own opin
ion has long been that the bridge should be free.
At a proper time wc shall broach this subject, and
show, that flic interests of trade, of property and
the true well-being of this city in every respect
require that the bridge shotdd be free to all coin,
ers. Os tips hereafter.
THE MAILS.
“The game is not worth the candle” to take
issue with the Editor of the Enquirer upon the
several instances, in which it is charged, lie has
failed to receive his exchanges by due course of
mail. We are willing, without examination, to
plead guilty for the Post Office Department to
every specification ; but this does not prevent us
from maintaining our general propositions :
Ist. That the mail service is not worse per
formed than it has been for a series of years :
2d. That it is impossible to have regular mails
while they arc entrusted to the present Wilming
ton Boats, which arc unfit for sca-servicc, and
while mud-holes are the highways over which
the mail is obliged to be transported in coaches.
And
3d; That it is much easier for Editors to com
plain, than it is for the Head of a vast and com
plicated Department to carry on its machinery
with perfect precision.
The first proposition wc offered no evidence
to Sustain, but contented ourselves with stating
that from an attentive business observation of
these matters for several years past, vfc did not
believe the service wa‘s worse performed than is
usual at this season of the year. The Stage
Roads and the Wilmington boats have never
yet found an advocate or apologist, that we
have heard, and it requires no argument to show
that with such materials no Post Master General
can attain to perfection in the mail service.
And in regard to the third proposition w v e
have only to refer to the ease and felicity of our
neighbors style of dashing off paragraphs, sos its
perfect demonstration. The whole world will
ddniii that it Is far easier, fob him to “101 l in thx arni
chair” and grumble in paragraphs, than to mah’-*
age with clock-like precision ahd regularity a’
machine of which the following arc a few of
the statistics:
Length of Post Routes in the Uni
ted States, 143,940 miles
Annual transportation over these
Routes, ✓ 35,634,269 “
Number of Contractors, 3,277
Number of Mail Agents, 30
Number of Mail Messenger;?, 114
Number ofPost Offices, 14,003
Add to this some 6,000 Post Routes, and fin
iannual Revenue and disbursement of four and a
quarter millions. Remember then that there
are some 1800 newspapers published in the Un
ion^—that the Enqmrer exchanges with upwards
of 50 of these, and we ask if it is so'very strange
that oh certain days certain papers fafleUto ar
rive as due.
We admit that the Post Office Department is
far from a perfect machine—hut we say, before
you hastily condemn, lihvc the justice to sur
vey the difficulties to be overcome—the im
mensity of the details and the vastness of the
whole of the system. We are free to say that
the contractor who as Dr. Ware informs the
Enquirer left a pile of mail sacks at Atlanta, and
carried on a load of passengers, ought to have
been fined and if the Post Master who was
cognizant of the fact, did not report the case, he
neglected his duty. We arc certain he* will be
fined, if the case reaches the Department.
MR. CLAY.
The Mobile Register of the 25th ult. says :— ’
Mn. Cl at, who has spent several months in
New Orleans, went up the river on Saturday af
ternoon, on the Alexander Scott. Dbring his
residence there, as the Jeffersonian tells us, he
mingled freely with the citizens without distinc
tion of party, was welcomed bV all, and ‘left with
those benedictions and good wishes which should
always attend a great statesman, who has ren
dered eminent services fb'thfir country.
(U/’The “Washington Times” published by
Mr. Jesse E. Dow, and edited by Mr. 11. 11.
Kbbinsoft, is discontinued.
Mr. Benlon’s report has killed it “deadj”
“ stone dead, sir.”
Mr. Heiss, one of the publishers of the Union,
has been tried and fined §SO by the Circuit Court
at Washington, for his recent assault upon C. V.
Orcy, a‘correspondent of the Ch arleston Mercury.
Fire. —The Academy at Eatonton was de_
stroyed by fire on the l€ftv inst. levs §3,000 —
no insurance.
CHANGE BILLS.
“ The fever against these unauthotized issues is
coolirfg off. most decidedly—and long before the
“first ofJijJj-” the action of Council in retjyjsnce
to this subject/will tye remembered no more.—
Many ofthe merchants of the city Wifi fftceivo
them, in despite of all action ; and We have, long
since, come to the conclusion, that when the law
fails to cure an evil, it can only, be cured by its
own inherent, self-dcstroving qualities.” ,
[Columbus Euquircr.
Should this prediction prove prophetic, and
the action ot the Council be indeed “no longer
remembered” the friends of a sound currency
will at least owe no thanks to the efforts of the
Enquirfcr; towards producing a more favorable
result.
The Enqtiircr’s philosophy td the fcdntrary,
notwithstanding, we contend that die war of de
fence waged by the community aguinst spurious
paper nioney, is a just and rightous one—and it
is a prudent and practical war too; and it is a
war that would he sooner available (and will lx>
at all events) if it could have had the aid instead
of the cold shoulder of the Columbus Enquirer,
But. if the Enquirer will not assist in putting
down this crying public wrong, wc have at least
a right to expect that it Will not sitter at the ef
forts and action of those who in this movement
are, have been and can be actuated by no other
than motives of public good.
The Enquirer is mistaken in supposing that
the “fever” against shinplasters is cooling off.
The opposition to them is rooted in the public
mind, and the action of Council if firmly adhered
to, will go far to force them out of circulation.
It has become a very common thing for people
to rcftisb them, and it is quite common for mer
chants Wifo are too prudent to drive away cus
tom by their refusal, to receive, but never to pay
them out again; They receive them, and then
take them to the shop where they are manufac
tured. If our merchants understand their inter
ests and duty as citizens, they will all do this.
arc amazed that* two opinions should be
held oniliis subject—we fire siilpriscd that the
Editor of thb Ehquirer should regard the issue
eTillcgal and (in law) irredeemable paper money
as so small an evil, as to throw cold water upon
the efforts of a public body to remedy it, and to’
bold out the idea to the World, that the “fever”
is “cooling off’ —the “merchants will receive
them,” and “long before the Ist of July tlie ac
tion of Council will be remembered 1 rio more.”
All this is tantamount to a defence of the Shin
plasters—it is‘ the ablesVand the best, because the
only defence of them.’
As it is impossible to argue that they are'either
lawfully or morally justifiable, itic only thing
that can lie said is what the Enquirer docs say
Vvhen it ridicules action against them, and puts
fort ft the conclusion that the evil must continue,
. and the public might as well go on quietly and
tkke thrift. Vfe had intended to say no more
on the subject, suffering the proceedings of
Courfcil and the scil of truth which has been *
shown to work out the cure.
Biff, We shall take care, that this subject is not
forgotten—wc shall “keep it before the people,”
that shinplasters are a fraud and a wrong upon ‘
the public, and that, if encouraged, the commu
nity will sooner or later, get its fingers burned
by them.
MR. TOOMBS AND, fliF AI 61STA
Cf/RONICLE AND SENTINEL
The Chronicle and Sentinel writes us a phil
osophical dissertation ontlic essential difference
letvvixt tvveedle-dum and tweedlc-dee, to prove
that Mr. Toombs was consistent in lampooning
the President for offering to cnmpronti.se rights, ’
that he had pronounced “unquestionable,” w hile,
himself was ready to arbitrate rights, equally’
“unquestionable.” The ground that proved
“boggy” to Mr. Toombs becomes perfectly “Ser
bonian” under the feet of the Augusta Editor.—
Mr. Toombs * had insinuated as a defence to
what he seemed to suspect liimselfwould he de - ’
tccted tfs a* fallkby, that'there was a distinction
to be taken between “compromising” and “ ar
bitrating” “unquestionable rights.” The first
was in the natunT of a contract, and it was to”
his feelings of patriotism; abhorrent in the last
degree, to think of parting with National rights
of soil, by voluntary contract. But arbitra
tion, quoth the membej is quite a different affair, ~
and his love of cotintrv is not in the least offend
ed at the thought of entering into a voluntary
agreement to authorize an Arbitrator to take from
us a portion of out rightful soil! This is Mr.
Toombs’ ground,”
Biffth'? ChVbnicfe ahd Sentinel is not content
io let the incmltcr rest there, and in an attempt
to “locate” him to better advantage confesses that
the position he has takeft Wont do to rely upon. •
The Editor’s plea is, that Mr. Toombs does
ftot regard the Ante/lrim title to any part of Ore
gon as good, and that it is entirely legitimate to
arbitrate disputed rights.’ “Wc thank thee for
that word”—but vfe whether Mr,
Toombs will thank the Editor for informing his
Constituents that the United States have no
rights to any part of Oregon—that the discov
eries of the’ mouth of the Columbia, the overland
travels of American explorators, the settlement of
Astoria, the Spanish purchase and the French' 1
Treatiy and all the Diplomatic efforts of the
American Government for the last quarter of
century and more, go for naught and give us no
good title so any part of Oregon even below 49°.
Js this Mr. Toombs’ opinion ? truly, the
remedy is work: tbaWfhe disease, and m'einlter
had far better lie down under the imputation of
a bad argument, than tube forced to this sweep
ing admission against the rigftff? of his country.
But in his zeal to defend Mr. Toombs, the Edi
tor does his protege injustice.
Mr. Toombs’ language docs not bear any such
construction. When he tells us “England has no
“right to demand and I would not yield by nego
“tiation an acre south of 49 deg.” and w hen he
repeats “England has no color of title to the
“country south ofthe 49th deg - of north latitude,”
the plain reader would take him to mean a tol
erably broad assertion of American rights to that
part of of Oregon. For, if England has nO color’
of title, who has? America is the only other
claimant, and if he would riot yield an ucp of it,
for what reason can it be, but that we have a
-good title to it ourselves ?
We think it is made pretty cleaf that the
and Sentinel has not the
•members argument. Neither o( the parties will
get right until the member makes his speech ’
over, and the Editor unwrites his defence of it
Meantime wc commend to both of them the
Editors apt quotation
‘Confession of a fault makes half amends for it.*
Specie ix Europe ash America. —lt iff
‘supposed that the specie in Europe and Ameri
ca is, at least §4.500,000,000, and that the Uni
ted States is entitled to §257,000,000 —being a
bout §ls per head for every inhabitant of the
whole country.
Mr. Calcs, of the National Intelligencer, we
arc happy to learn, has been pronounced con
vale.-scent. •