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COLUMBUS, GA.
WBDVBSDAT, OCTOBER *l, 1845
REMOVAL.
The Post Office and (he printing materials of
the “Columbus Time#” have been removed to
Winter’s new building east side of Broad s’rcet
above Randolph.
THE LATE CONGRESSIONAL ELEC.
TIOXS.
In almost every State of tlic Union, and more
especially in Georgia, the large majority of the
Farmers are Democrats. Many of them icsidc
at considerable distances from the places where
the elections arc held, and they are never brought
out in their full and united strength, save in very
warmly contested elections. They remain at
home, hard at work, to produce the means of
support for themselves, and to pay the heavy
taxes which, under the protective policy, arc ex
torted from them to pamper the Northern lords
of the loom and of the iron furnaces. On the
other hand, a large majority of those who live in
towns and villages are Whigs, and have no
trouble or inconvenience in getting to the polls.
They arc whigs, because
“A little learning is a dangerous thing.”
Many merchants became whigs from a belief that
without a National Bank it would be impossible
to regulate exchanges or to carry on business.—
Experience has fully satisfied them of their er
ror ; I ait they have not yet had time to change
their habits. Many of them believed that “ the
higher the tariff the cheaper the goods,” and it
being admitted on all hands that “ the cheaper
the goods the better the trade,” they have been
of opinion that it was to their advantage to ad
vocate a high protective tariff. By the act of
*46, duties on imports were greatly reduced ; and
to their great surprise, goods, instead of rising,
have fallen in price; so that they have actually
been benefited by the action of the party, which
thoy have violently opposed, upon both these
great measures. But although greatly cooled
down, they have not yet changed their habits.—
Indeed, we have hut little hope of being able to
persuade them to vote the democratic ticket, at
ary coining election. But we shall not be as
tonished, if they should, in the course of twelve
months, boat us with anti-Bank, ultra-Free
Trade candidates. Governor Crawford is evi
dently the hope and promise of the Whig party
in Georgia; and we are much mistaken in the
signs of the times, if they do not point to him as
the candidate for the United States Senate, (to
fill the place of Mr. Berrien) —and as the advo
cate of a general reduction of the tariff of 46.
We do not remember that lie ever committed
himself to the doctrine of discrimination for pro
tection. If wc are. right in this, he is the most
suitable person to lead his party out of their
present and past embarrassments.
But we are digressing. Wc set out to show
that in the late election, the Democratic candi
dates labored under several disadvantages, and
that therefore their success was, under all the
circumstances, a decided triumph. We have
already shown that in quiet elections, more dem
ocrats than whigs neglect to vote, and hence we
are sometimes beaten in counties, where we have
decided majorities. Until the late election, mern
lcrs of Congress were always elected at the
same time with members of the Legislature, ex
cept in the case of fdling a vacancy. By a re
cent amendment of our State Constitution, the
latter are elected biennially, and were elected last
year—leaving for this, and all succeeding years,
no candidates in the field to be elected at the
same time with members of Congress. From
this and other causes, the election was a very
quiet ouc; and therefore there was a great tailing
off in the vote all over the State; thus giving the
Whigs a decided advantage. But notwithstand
ing this advantage, such is the tendency of the
public mind to Free Trade—such is its total
abandonment of all desire for the establishment
of a National Bank, that no Democratic candid
ate was beaten in any District in which the
Whigs did not have a well-ascertained majority ;
and General Haralson was elected in a whig
district. Had the general ticket system pre
vailed, not a single whig could have been elected.
Our candidate for the 2d district, (Judge Iver
son,) from the press of private and professional
engagements, was unable to canvass it; and found
it necessary to enter into an agreement with his
opponent (Mr. Crawford) that both should re
main at home and abstain from discussion. His
friends deeply regrettrd that any necessity existed
for entering into such an agreement; for they
knew that he had not only the advantage of be
ing on the right side of every issue, but the vast
ly superior power of talent and eloquence, to
maintain and defend the right, and to expose the
wrong. No wonder, then, that Mr. Crawford
and his friends cheerfully enti red into the agree
ment referred to, and became the advocates of a
quiet election.
THE ARMISTICE.
The armistice vi hich was granted by Gen.Tav
lor Mexican army, subject however to
the ratification of the two governments, has not
been recognized by our own; and by the Wash
ington papers wc are informed that orders have
already been seat on for its termination, and for
the vigorous prosecution of the war. If the pro
per policy to be pursued towards the Mexicans
baa ever been mistaken or doubted, it is- now
evident that they must be severely dealt with,
and rauii be made to feel blow after blow, until
they “be stunned into their senses.” For this
purpose re-inforccments have already been sent
to Gen. Taylor, and when he moves from Mon
terev, it wiil be with a force of not less than
10,000 men. The remainder of the Regular
and Volunteer force, with the exception of gar
rison “uards, are to join an expedition to Tam
pico.
FLORIDA KLBCTIOX.
We have some few returns of the recent elec
tion held in this State for member of Congress.
The contest will be a close one. As far as re
ceived, the vote stands
Kain, (D.) Cabell (W.)
Duval, 205 232
St. Johns, 168 72
Nassau, 50 48
Leon, 237 328
Gadsden, (reported) 64 m. I
Wakulla, 67 88
Madison, (reported) 21m.
Jefferson, 08 in.
635 853
THE RAILROAD.
I Two weeks ago we stated what we thought j
Columbus would probably gain by a road from
this to Barncsville ; we now state the probable
toss, should we fail in the undertaking. Should
we not go on with the work before the meeting
of the next Legislature, it is almost certain, that
the Georgia Rail Road company will apply for a
charter for a road from Atalanta to West P int
and it is nearly ascertain that it would be grant-1
cd, for wc could not object td it. All who are 1
well acquainted with the character and the means
>f that company, aided (as they would be) by
the Charleston company, know that they can
bui'd the road, and if it is built, you may say
farewell, a long farewell, to the prosjierity of Col
umbus.
From Atalanta to West Point is about 85 or
90 miles, and we do not believe a road could lie
built any where in the State 100 miles from the
coast as cheap as this could be. It would run
on the ridge dividing the waters of the Flint and
Chattahoochee, and we doubt if a solitary bridge
would be required the whole way 50 feet in
length, and Irom Atalanta for 60 miles not one of
any length. It would require but a alight deviation,
and give better ground, to run this road within
35 miles of Columbus, turning to the South
west, n ar the Sulphur Springs, in Meriwether
county. Though, a few miles longer, we lie
licve this road could be built for the same that
would build a road from this place to Barnes
ville, as the country as above stated is leveller and
no .streams to cross. It is probable that some
miles could be saved on the Atalanta route, by
making an arrangement with the Monroe R Road
which runs for a considerable distance on the
same ridge that would be used by the other com
pany. We do not think the grading of this road
would cost $2500 per mile. Let this road be built
and we never need look for another !• ad of cot
ton from above the pine mountain. So far from
it we may reasonably expect hundreds to c'oss
it going from this side to the road ; and when
the Alabamians complete their road to West
Point, we lose the trade of Chambers, and a
large portion of Macon and Russell counties.
This is no idle dream, ;;ndwc ask holders of
real estate in Columbus, to say what will be the
value of their property, after we lose the trade
of Talbot, Hariris, Meriwether, Troup, Cham
bers and half of Russell and Macon counties. I*
this matter, as they do by fires, they shut their
eyes, and trust to luck. Build a road from
Montgomery to Atalanta. and in five years, pro
perty in this place will not be worth fifty cents in
the dollar of its present valuation, and in ten
year- the rents will scar, ely pay the repairs.—
Compared to many others, our interest is trifling,
but small as it is, we dislike to see it sacrificed.
We are unlike a farmer we once knew, who
said, if he did not get rain, he hoped his neigh
bors would not. It is poor consolation to those
who suffer, to know that others fare as bad or
worse than themselves. We have heard of
games, where a man might win, and would not
lose, but we fear we arc like to play, where we
mat/ lose, and are certain not to win.
It would not require very large subscriptions
from any one, if all that are interested and able,
to take stock would do so, and the sooner it is
done the better, as it is important to turn the :
Alabama read this waj r , which we think would
be done when they become convinced we are in ,
earnest. We knew rs no place in Georgia pos
sessing such advantages as Columbus, but we .
very much fear it is destined to be another Mil
lcdgeviile. That place once\shipped 15,000 ,
bales of cotton of a season, now it does not ship a |
bale. (
NOT POSTED I P.
We noticed during the past summer, that aeon- ’
vention of Whigs in the interior of this State, 8
had amongst other tilings, recommended another ‘
United States Bank. This wc were not much *
surprised at, as their conventions are not always
composed of the wisest in the land, but we were
a Irttle surgjised at finding a similar recommen- !
dation in the National Intelligencer. The re
commendation is taken from an old exploded re
port of Mr. Rush, when Secretary to Mr. Adams
in 1828. VVc had supposed if any of the great 1
questions which once agitated the country was I
settled, it was the question of a United States
Bank.
Hon. John G. Winter, our worthy
Mayor, has returned to this city. His fellow cit
izens have looked forward to his arrival, as asso
ciated with the dawn of the brightest hopes re- ,
speering the contemplated Railroad, connecting |
this city wilh the Macon and Western Railroad. ,
He has the energy, the enterprise and the money,
necessary to enable him to ensure success to the i
undertaking; and we have no doubt of his de- ,
voiion to the cause.
THE DEMOCRATIC POLE.
Mr e intended last week to say something
about the destruction, in the late fire, of our
beautiful Democratic Pole ; but were prevented
by other matters. We understand that some of
our Vv big friends thought it was ominous of the
downfall of the party. We hope and believe
the prediction will not be verified. Those who
are now at the head of affairs may, possibly, be
turned out of office; but no party can perma
nently hold office in this country, who are not
substantially democratic. The great body of the
people in the United States believe,
ments were instituted for the benefit of
jority—protecting all, helping none —and the
party who disregard this principle, we care hot
by what name they are called, will soon find
themselves, where they should be, in a hopeless
minority.
P. 8. Since writing the above, we passed bv
the A\ hig Pole, and noticed that it was very
much decayed at the base. Is that not ominous 1
THE STE ASF SHIP GREAT BRITAIN.
Much anxiety is beginning to be felt for the
safety of the above Ocean Steamer. Her day of
sailing was the 22d ult.. and at the last advices
from New 1 ock, nothing had been heard of her.
It is hoped that her day of sailing had beer,
changed.
RELIEF FOR THE SUFFERERS.
We notice by thi papers that the citizens of
Charleston, Montgomery, and other places, are
moving to raise contributions for the sufferers by
the late fire. In Savanfiah a public meeting has
been called by the Mayor for the same purpose.
The appeal is made for the first time by Cos
lumbue, to her sister cities for aid. We hope it
will be liberally responded to.
THE BURNT DISTRICT.
Many of the owners of property upon the
Burnt District, are already making preparations to
rebuild ; and a number of temporary store hous
es are being put up. It is to be hoped that sub
stantia! Brick buildings may take the place of
such of the wooden tenements as have been
destroyed. * /
GE.V. TAYLOR AND THE MEXICANS.
We remarked last week, that there was some
dissatisfaction expressed on account of the too
favorable terms granted by Gen. Taylor to the
Mexicans. Since then, we have seen the official
report, and wc are satisfied, that the terms wore as
favorable as could be expected, with the trifling
i exception of the six cannon allowed the Mexi
cans. Had the enemy been .-hut up in a walled
I town, and that completely surrounded by Gen.
1 Taylor, the case would have been different; but
it matter to make prisoners of men
who can run as fast as you can, and who have
the start, which it was easy for the Mexicans to
get, by making one or two false attacks in the
night, and retreating under cover of the darkness.
When the Mexicans found they could not
successfully defend the place, thpy could leave
the city in the night, in small bonds, and with
their superior knowledge of the country, easily
evade any pursuit made by our army ; and if
some of them failed to re-assemble, it was better
than for all to be made prisoners.
Upon the whole, we think General Taylor de
serves much more praise for what he has done,
than blame for what he has nut done. He has
beaten a superior force, with every advantage in
their favor, and probably satisfied the gascon
ading rascals, that the sooner they make peace,
the better.
ALDERMAN QUIN.
During the absence from the city of the May
or, his place has been ably supplied by the selec
tion by Council of Aid. Quin, as Mayor pro fern.
Many arduous duties have devolved upon him,
and among them, and not the least important,
those caused by the destructive conflagration
which so lately visited our city. Upon that oc
casion, he rendered. efficient service, and, though
with the knowledge that his own property was
being consumed by the devouring element, with
praiseworthy magnanimity still remained attend
ing to the public interest, and aiding in saving
the effects of others.
The amount raised in this city by contribution
for the sufferers (about $1,000) has been at the
disposal of a committee, and arrangements were
made by them by which much immediate suffer
ing was relieved by the distribution of provisions.
&c. In this they were aided by the advice of
the Mayor pro tem., who has acted in this, as in
other matters, so as to entitle him to the public
expression of the thanks of Council.
ENGINEERS’ AND PILOTS’ ASSOCI
ATION.
An Association has been formed in this city
and at Apalachicola, of the Pilots an3 Engineers
who manage the Boats upon the Chattahoochee
river, for their mutual protection, so far as the
regulation of their duties and wages may be
concerned. Such associations exist with the offi
cers of boats upon the Western rivers, and are
we think, as here, justified by their peculiar situ
ation.
The business upon our River generally lasts
but from four to six and seven months. It is,
too, of such an arduous nature as to unfit those
pursuing it for active business, during the cessa
tion of navigation. It is right, then, that they
should receive such a compensation during “ the
season,” as will enable them to recruit through
the summer months, and prepare for tho renewal
of the boating season.
The owners of boats are not the ones to com
plain of the existing rate of wages, for they rec
ognize their justice. But it proceeds from those
who, unacquainted with the business and its
hardships, desire the reduction made in order
that freights may be still further cut down.—
We would not give countenance to any thing
that savored of a monopoly, and when this As
sociation becomes so, let war be waged against it.
At present, we conceive it but a mingling of in
terests to maintain justice.
The officers of the Columbus Society arc
William Mahaftcy, President, and J. W. Thomp
son, Secretary and Treasurer.
NE W E N TERPRISE.
A paper called the “ Georgia Volunteer” has
been started in Fort Gaines, Ga. It is edited
by Wilson & Franklin. It is neutral in politics.
Corrcspondeuce of the Times.
No. 10.
Washington Citt, Oct. 13, 1846.
The news of the taking of Monterey which
readied Washington on the day before yesterday
has galvanized us into life and excitement. Its
effect here was similar to its effect where ever
American hearts beat in American bosoms.—
Glorious exultation over our dear bought victory
and deep sympathy with those among us who
had lost friends aud relatives in the engagement—
and they are many—apparently pervaded the
breasts of all, save and except a few. These few
are leading politicians, the master spirits of the
opposition; who besides considering it “unbecom
ing in a moral and religious people to rejoice
over ourcountry’s triumphs in the field” (as it
was voted in Massachusetts during the last war
with Great Britain) always sympathize with the
enemies of our country when its destinies are in
the hands of a democratic administration. These
parties, by some strange obliquity of preception,
have voted it the duty ot the opponents of the
present administration to aid and abet Mexico
with their countenance and sympathy. I pre-
sumc you have few such Federalists in Georgia ;
but from the Potomac to Passamaquoddy the
are neither few nor far between. The National
Intelligencer represents them in Washington ;
the North American in Philadelphia ; the Tri
bune in New York, and Gariison’s Liberator and
the veteran Courier, in Boston.
You will perceive the accounts from Monte
rey represent that the terms of the armistice—the
60 days cessation of hostilities, were in accord
ance with previous instructions from Washing
ton. I learn trom an unofficial source, yet never
theless, a source in which I have great confi
dence, that this is a mistake. I mention this
fact because it is to be expected that the Whigs
will at once commence showering abuse on the
.administration for sending such orders to Gener
al Taylor The authority on which they must
base sugh tin attack is but that of a straggling
letter writer. But what care they for authority
for their statements, if they can bat put a plausi
ble face on them ?
Juhn D. Broadhead, Esq. of New York City
is to be Mr. Bancroft's secretary of legation. It
is customary to permit our ministers to name their
attaches, so I presume this gentleman is the se
lection f Mr.. B. The appointment has not yet
been made, though there is no doubt in my mind
that Mr. Brbadhead will be the man.
There is great fear of the loss of the Great
Britain Bteaiuer, pervading the breasts of the
commercial men in the Northern cities. She
has been out 20 days—full six days longer than
her usual time—if she started on the advertised
day of sailing. Her non-arrivai has stopped al
most al! trade in produce for the time being; for
since the alteration in the tariffs of both countries
the value of our staple, agricultural article de
pends so entirely on the prices they bear in the
Liverpool market that few of the trade will bring
or sell until they get news (if expected) from
the great regulator. Heretofore, the Liverpool
market cnly governed the price of cotton, but
now, the large amounts of corn, wheat, &c..
bought of us by the English, causes our com
mercial men to look to the state of the trade in
England to know at what prices they can afford
to buy or sell here at home. Did your readers
ever hear of the prices of produce raised in Geor
gia becoming higher or lower on account of the
demand among the New’ England Manufactur
ers. And yet, this market which has never
affected the value of produce so as to make it a
penny higher or two pence lower, is the home
market of which the vvliigs have preached for so
many years !
Col. Watson who was killed at Monterey left
a wife and two children in Baltimore. Capt.
Williams of the Engineers leaves a wife and
children in Georgetown of this District ; an
Lt. Ferrit of the first infantry left a wddowed
mother in Fairfax county, Virginia, about seven
miles from this city. Each of these gentlemen
had numerous friends and relatives in this city,
who are in deep distress as their untimely fate.
I understand that two or three more officers who
were killed orwounded belonged to Washington,
though I have not learned their names.
It is no uncommon thing to hear the pertinaci
ty with which the Mexicans are endeavoring to
maintain this hoptdess contest, with its conse
quent loss of life and pecuniary cost to us, attri
buted to the manner in which the whig leaders
and newspapers have taken sides with the ene
my. This impression, which is hourly gaining
credence, originates in the newspaper appeals of
the Mexicans themselves. They hold out the
hope ihatthe whig party of the United States to
a man not only sympathize with them, but are
preparing to exert every nerve to super-induce
the abandonment of the war on our part with
out indemnification pr other satisfaction.
Orders, I believe, were this morning sent to
Taylor to push ahead with all due despatch.
The cabinet were called together yesterday upon
the subject, and the result of their deliberations
were the orders I here mention.
Our minds are so fqll of excitement about this
bat’ le, the non-arrival of the steamer, and the
elections now going on, that even if Washington
was the theatre of active events (as it is not) no
one would attend to them. We are essentially
licked in Maryland ; and although our candidate
for canal commissioner in Pennsylvania may be
defeated from causes entirely local, we will pro
bably prove gainers in the election of the twenty
four members of Congress from that State. If
the repeal of the Tariff’of 1842 does not hurt us
in Pennsylvania, where c m it injure the Demo
cratic Party I In Connecticut, at the election
just over, where the people are as much interest
ed in “protection” as in Pennsylvania, they
have gained literally nothing, and the Feds are
accordingly in the dumps about it—swearing
that the “operatives” are ungrateful in thus re
fusing to sustain the course of those who pro
fess to favor them at the expense of all others.
Look out for rousing news from Ohio, where
if the federal Candida'e for Governor is not de
feated to-uay, he will be run to the girth by the
gallant Todd, our champ on. The main issue
between the parries are “ the Black Laws.”
Bebb, the federalist has avowed himself in favor
of repealing the laws by which free negroes are
denied the right of suffrage, prevented from giv
ing evidence against white persons, and denied
the privilege of sending their children to the pub
lic schools where white children are taught.
Todd and the democrats arc friends of these laws.
Whi-.h party in Ohio sympathise with the Abo
litionists I
The people of Wiscon? in have lately elected
delegates to form a State constitution, and cut of
115 members of the convention the whigs have
only elected 8, which is about their proportion
among the voters. This election not only en
sures the formation of a radically democratic
State constitution, hut points significantly to the
election of a democrat to the House of Represen
tatives, and two democrats to the Senate of the
United States.
John Young, the Whig nominee for Governor
of New York, has positively refused to answer all
inquiries as to his identification with anti-rentism,
and the anti-renters in convention have nomina
ted him as their candidate, also. Silas Wright
will beat him fifteen or twenty thousand votes,
at the lowest calculation. ‘l'he high minded and
honorable among the whigs of New York utterly
repudiate him, and intend voting for the native
candidate 1 so they say. Abolitionists in New
England, they are natives in the city of New
York, and anti-renters in the interior of that
•State. It will soon be like looking lor a needle
in a hay stack, to hunt up whiggery any where
north of the Potomac. I learn that $1560 are
required to make up the sum necessary to insure
the erection of the Magnetic telegraph from
Washington city to Richmond, Ya. This a
mount is too trifling much longer to delay the
commencement of a work ol so great importance.
The line lrom Vv 7 ashington to New York, (or
rather to Jersey city, just opposite New Yoik
city) for the last three months, after paying all
current expenses has afforded a profit of 7 per
cent. This fact will do much towards stimulat
ing the introduction of this already i ecessary in
vention in all quarters of the country where bu
nessis thriving. lam a worm advocate for the
erection of a line lrom this city to New Orleans,
ifbut to shield the business community from the
peculation of the ha pies who, heretofore on the
arrival of each steamer from Liverpool, have
started South from New York, carpetbag in hand,
in advance of the mail.
LOWNDES.
P. S.—lt has rained violently all day, which
will prevent the use of the telegraph to bring us
the returns of the Philadelphia election to-night.
COLONEL WATSON.
Col. Watson, the commander of the Baltimore
Batltalion, in the attack on Monterey, and who
was killed fighting at the head of his command,
was the son of our respected fellow citizen, Maj.
Phos. A. AV atson. Col. Watson was a gentle
man of great popularity in Baltimore, and pre
sid'd several sessions as Speaker of the House of
Representatives of Maryland? He was quite a
young man, and bade fair to attain a high dis
tinction as a military nwn. He came of good
stock; his father being a veteran of North Point,
of the Florida and Texan campaigns, in all of
which he displayed the greatest bravery and
patriotism. His son prepared to follow bis ex
ample, had at great sacrifice gone.niore than two
thousand miles to meet the enemies of his coun
try* and fell nobly, justifying the proud hopes of
bis friends, and tiie uuxiouateaching of his patri
ot father.—jV. O. Delta.
AA hy must your nose necessarily he in the
middle cf your iacc 1 Because it is the scatter.
W>a TUE TJnES.
“HIGH DUTIES MAKE LOW PIU
CES.*’
History tells of a robber in Attica, who had a
couch, upon which ail of hi* victims were laid.
I Should they prove unfortunately too long, their
j limbs were cut off. It on the contrary, too short,
| they were drawn to the necessary length. Eve
ry captured person must conform and submit to
this cruel and barbarous whim of the daring Pro
cusses. That such a political measure or couch
has been adopted by the whig party of our coun
try, facts fully testily. Every act of the govern
ment must be of the exact length to suit the par
ty’s purpose—if too short, !o and behold, it soon
receives the necessary addition —or il too long, a
little pruning brings it to the proper length. In
the year 1840, an 1 in 1844, when the advocates
of a Protective Tariff v.ere endea-oring to per
suade the free voters ol our country, that F utec
tiun was necessary lor American manufactures ;
and that American Manufactures were absolute
ly necessary for the independence and progress
of our great republic—one. of the leading argu
ments for the imposition of duties lor the protec
tection ofsaid manufacturing- interests, was what?
That High duties made high prices. This was
virtually the substance of one of the leading ar
guments ol the Protectionists. For, by high
duties, it was said, the price of foreign manu
factures necessarily wouid be increased ; our own
manufactured products thus might, by debating
the entrance of foreign products, have a field and
enter into competition with foreign products ;
and necessarily by enhancing the price of Amer
ican goods sustain the rising manufacturing in
terests of our country. No argument was harp
ed upon more, or more widely disseminated, as it
contained the vital principle of the desired sys
tem of Protection. When however the people
determined i*y the vote of “ 44’ that a protective
tariff was contrary to the spirit of our country
and progress; an unjust taxation upon the nine
teen twentiths of the country lor the support of
one twentieth; that the interests of our manu
factures, who were fully able to compete with
foreign ones, did not demand protective duties;
and that we we e by “ high duties,” not only
retarding our nation in its advance with the free
spirit of other nations ; but by “high prices”
placing many things out of the reach ol the poor,
merely to gratify the avaricious tendency of a few
lordly manufacturers; we are greeted with the
astounding fact in “46’ by the protectionists
when change is agreed upon—that “High duties
make low prices.” That in the space of a few
years, high duties make high prices, arid high
duties make low prices, is a transmigration from
an old theory- to anew, that well makes every
mind ask whence the sudden change 1 VVe con
ceive that every mind must see that here are two
contradictions and that both cannot be true.
There is a fallacy somewhere. For evidently
the Protectionists demand high duties to increase
the price of foreign articles imported to this coun
try, in order that our manufacturers may increase
their prices, thus receive sufficient income for
their sustenance and prosperity and be protected
against foreign low prices. Notwithstanding
the American people are greeted with a row ot
figures, fully demonstrating the fact, it is said,
that “high duties make low prices.” That arti
cles of manufacture are and have been decreas
ing in price since the yea- ISlG—no one can
deny who is acquainted with the history of the
manufacturing interests of this country. But
that this gradual, or even sudden fall if you
choose, within the last few years has resulted
from “ High duties,” we do most strenously de
ny. And larther say, that had it not been
for high duties, the price would be still lower
than it is. First then—the price of all articles
must be in proportion to the consumption, and
the ease with which they are produced.
If the means of obtaining any article is easy,
or in other words requires but little labor, and at
the same time, there is a great demand tor such
articles, necessarily increasing the competition
among producers and sellers, the price must be
small. This is a simple truth—that admits of
no denial. In the year 1790, when cotton for
instance was obtained only by great lab< r, and
the consumers were few, the price of manufac
tured articles must of course have been high.
For it is well known that at that time, Planters
were compelled to pick the seed from the cotton,
a process requiring the greatest labor and pa
tience. In proportion to the planter’s labor,
must have been his price for the article. And
as there were but liew employed in cultivating
it, and as the demand for it was not great nor
the consumption gnat—the price was necessarily
high. When Whitney in 1793 invented
the useful Gin, a sudden change came over the
spirit of the manufacturing world. For about
the same time immense improvements were
made in manufacturing by increasing the num
ber of spindles and their power —by the I appy
geniuses of Gryatt, Arkwright, Vally, Gratt and
others. Work that formerly had to be done by
tiie common hand spinning wheel, requiring much
time and labor, was performed by a thousand
spindles—performing a thousand duties simulta
neously under the powerful agency of steam.
The vapor arising from the simmering kettle was
brought under the control of man, and performed
wonders in the production of articles in a short
time ; suddenly the demand for cotton increased,
the trouble and labor required in picking the cot
ton from the seed by the inventive genius of
Whitney was done away with —and in a short
time thousands ot pounds could be ready for
manufacturing. Hence we find that when in
1790, but a lew thousand pounds were exported
—in a few years thousands gave way to millions.
Mechanical efforts, then, is one cause for the
gradual reduction of the price of articles. For in
proportion as the labor and production of Mariu
iactured articles become easy, in the same ratio
will the price decrease. This was the effect ol
the great mcchanicul improvements -during the
past lew years. Elements hitherto defying man’s
power have become subservient to his progress
and elevation.. Mind is working continually
triumphs over mat ter, and forming thousands of
machines for facilitati. g production and render
ing easy labor. Asfastas matter thus succumbs
to mind does man rise in civilization. As he
advances in civilization, more wants arise—more
desires must be gratified. To satisfy man’s rest
less disposition, these uesire must be gratified.
And immediately mind sets forth in the woild
of matter tor means for the gratifying of these]
new desires. Thus by a connected and active |
claim—is the creation and gratification of cur
want rendered easy. Such at least has been tits
history in our country during the past 30 years. I
No artificial system oi taxation lias produced !
this gratification ol our desires. But an increas-|
ed consumption resulting from the ease of i rati
fying these desires necessarily ha- made low
prices. A consumption that has resulted from
the gradual triumph of mind over matter—or the j
immense power ol mechanism— the minds most j
glorious offspring.
Another reason of tow prices resulting since
the operation of the tariff, is the fact that since
1816 the world has been at peace. During the
forepart ot this century tire whole civilized world
nearly was in arms. Bonaparte was leading his
cohorts on to the subjugation of Europe, and
nations had united to repel the daring usuiper ,
our own country was at war with England.—
Hence everything wassubservient to war. All
wealth was consumed in manning and clothing
armies and building fleets. Arts and improve
ments were neg ected—the production of articles
was small, for the “bone and sinew” of the world
were clothed in arms. But when “grim visaged
war had smoothed his wrinked front”—when
the clash of Bayonets gave way to the music of
the spindie and the field of carnage was un
der the influence of the plough—the change was
apparent over the world. The wealth of na
tions wa3 turned to internal advancement.—
Mankind were employed in production and all
minds were busy in the fi- Id of civilization.
Such a transition elevated man—and led him on
the eorwse intended by his creator. Production
was great, consumption was great, competition
in trade was great, and of course prices decreased
in a proportionable ratio.
Vv e stated, that the protective tariff had re
tarded the influence of these extraneous causes
in producing low prices, instead of creating.
Let us see if this is not true. The Creator Las
wisely endowed each nation with some gift, which
by cultivating and developing, she can rise in the
scale of being. If a nation acts contrary to this
natural gift, its progress must necessarily be re
tarded. J*vo nation can become perfectly inde
pendent of other nations, for no nation contains
alt of the elements for perfect prosperity, but
like the parts of the human system, all parts of
, the world are dependent upon each other. An
attempt to establish this instem of lalse indepen
-1 dence will end in retarding her progress and a
■ following of the same eternal circle. China is
a perfect illustration in proof of this statement.
’ But the development of each nations peculiar
’ gift, and the mutual exchange of the products of
’ each soil, creates a community of interests, unites
’ the world in an indissoluble link; all become de
-1 pendent upon each other, and of course shun
■ war—and man rises in civilization. Now to dis
■ arrange this harmonious and beautiful connex
’ ion, let one nation neglect her own peculiar gift,
1 usurp and force upon her system that she cannot
1 without oppression to her subjects compicie, and
1 like ail ariilfcial arrangements, her progress must
1 he retarded and the people oppressed. The Cre
ator has made our country an agricultural one
in every respect We can supply the market of
i the world. And by the cultivation of our im
mense plains, we fulfil our natural tendency, and
1 become great and influential. A protective ta
riff forces upon us a system directly opposite to
our natural girt, and in opposition tc it—turns
the lido from its natural course, and throws up
’ on us the necessity of making ourselves what u_
were never intended for— Mumtfacturcrs. We
impose an unjust system then upon ourselves,
and upon other nations. Unwilling to exchange
with others, they cannot exchange with us.
Debar foreign commodities by protective du
ties from our ports, hence destroy the com
petition and benefit resulting therefrom. Bv the
destruction ot competition and resulting low
prices, a protective tariff’ engenders avaricious
mjnu r acturing monopolists. who literally swallow
up by their high prices, the labor of the non
manufacturing part of the community, impose
unjust taxes upon the Planter, and in aw ,and
make the nation oppressed to what it others.. .
would be. The result is verified by our history
. since the protective system has been in operation ;
uid every candid mind must acknowledge that
we are not as far advanced as we would have
been, had we followed our natural tendency ;
and let time have created as we advanced in our
course, what we cannot force upon us in our un
prepared condition— Manufactories. Thus hav
ing looked back through the twilight into the
dark night of Protection, we now look anxiously
and proudly through the dawn tor the approach
ing meridian splendor of the coming day- of
Free Trade ; when all men will unite in consid
ering the system oi protection as one of the po
litical fallacies, by the exercise of which our
nation retarded her progress and groosly erred.
Crawford, Ala., O.t. 14, 1846.
HARRIS COUNTY AGRICULTURAL
MEETING.
Pursuant to previous notice, the Fanners ol
Harris county (a few exceptions) met in Ham
ilton on the first Tuesday, inst. lor the purpose
of forming an Agricultural Society. The aged,
middle aged, and young were there, to give
counsel to profit and to learn. Such general in
tense interest, in behalf of this greatest ol human
pursuits, as manifested on that occasion, was in
deed enough to prompt a feeling of pride in one
to be called a citizen of so noble a county, and
to elevate his hope to the highest degree possi
ble, in view of her proud stand by the side of
her hitherto more enterprising sisters—revealing,
at once, a prospect cheering and glorious of * a
better day coming.” From the eagerness and
delight with which every one present embraced
the opportunity to enter themselves on Che list,
one eould but imagine the darksome luture open
ing to view its rich treasures in plenteous a
bundance, and inviting a generous draught on
its bountiful store.
The occasion was one of the liveliest interest
—such the solicitude felt, that every mouth be
came unstopped am: spoke out. But time could
not suffice lor all, in the disposition of their en
tire thoughts. And space would not permit us
to give more than a brief outline of what did
actually take place to render it a time of such
“exceeding great joy.” From those who unfortu
nately, did not attend, how could we expect to
hear aught else than “I’m so sorry I did nut g..”
I he truth is, the “high pressure” system of agri
culture has given an inkling of a “burst up.”—
Lands wasting away—stock of every species cir
cling, and poverty brooding over the wretched
scene, have aroused a spirit which must, ere long,
restore our abused possessions to their wonted life
and fertility. But enough.
M. J. Crawford, Esq., was called to the chair,
and G. A. B. Dozier requested to act as Secreta
ry. On taking the chair, Mr. Crawford addressed
the assemblage in a handsome speech on the
object of the meeting, and the benefits resulting,
wnich did honor to his head and heart. James
N. Ramsay then followed, in his usual happy
and appropriate manner, and he was succeeded
by Mr. Baker, and Dr. Bedell, and others.
A committee, consisting of Branch Ligon,
Benjamin Henry, Robert Simpson, John Me-
Gehce, and Seaborn Whatley, appointed to re
port suitable persons for President and six Vice
President, returned:
For President—Charled Kenon.
For Vice Presidents—l. M. .1. Crawford ; 2.
Tolivar Jones; 3. George 11. Bryant; 4. F. M.
Tramel; 5: Thomas A. Williams; 6. John
White.
For Secretaries—G. A. B. Dozier, J. N. Ram
say-
The meeting accepted the report, subject how
ever, to the disposal of the next meeting, and
the provisions of the Constitution, for the draf
tii gos which a committee of seven -were ap
pointed by the Chair—viz:
James N. Ramsay, James B. Henderson, John
McGehee, Henry H. Lowe, Henry E. Moss,
Braneb Ligon, John Brooks.
Resolved, That the proceedings he published
in the Columbus papers and “Southern Culti
vator.*’
The meeting then adjourned to the first Tues
day in November.
M. J. CRAWFORD, President.
G. A. B. Dozier, Secretary.
October 6, 1846.
Correspondence or the Charleston Cou
rier.
Washington, Oct. 8.
The fourth Indian Council was held yesterday,
j The President had directed that it should be held
i with closed doors, hut the Indian- objected to it.
“ Little Hill” made a protest against any sc-mou
from which the public was to be excluded. The
I President was applied to by the Secretary of the
! Board and lie recimied the order.
The Indians are in very had humor. They
act, it is said, under the malign influence of the
traders, who get most of their money.
They have rejected the ultimatum of the Go
j vernment, and demand $400,000 instead of
the $150,000 the Government < ffers.
“Little Hill” made another oration, to the
g-.eat delight of the large auditoiy. lie com
bines the grace of the orator, with the diction of
the poet, and the tact of the diplomatist.
The Government Commissioners cilbi the
Winnebagoes 800,000 acres of land north of lit.
Peter’s river and west of the Mississippi. Thev
also offer the Indians $150,000 in cash or annui
ties. This, Mr. Parris remarked, would give to
each family about 400 acres to cultivate or hunt
upon in a country where game was abundant and
the land good.
Mr. Parris reminded the Indians that five
yeais agothe Winnebagoes numbered about five
thousand persons, and now they were only about
twenty-four hundred, owing chiefly to the use of
spirituous liquors amongst them, which the Gov
ernment had done all within its power to p event,
but which they (the Winnebagoes) had deter- !
mined to permil.
Little Hill remarked that $500,000 had been
offered by their Great Father some years ago,
and it was a small business for their Great Fath
er now to offer them less, when they were weak
in numbers. ’J hey had signified in writing
their willingness to take $300,000 in money,
and SIOO,OOO in land, to be selected bv the Gov
ernment, and to this they would adhere. Little
Hill reiterated that they had but one mind and
one tongue ; and he appealed to the Great Spir
it for the truth and sincerity of all that he had
said.
Mr. Parris said in reply, that the Commission
ers had no power to make any additional or new
offer to the Winnebagoes, but he would submit
their proposition to the President, who, however,
he thought, would not go beyond the offer which
the Commissioners had tendered.
When the Council broke up, some of the
Chiefs, as before, retired without the usual ccre
mony of shaking hands with the Commission
ers, by way of shewing their displeasure.
DESPATCHES FROM MAJOR GEN
ERAL TAYLOR.
Head Quarters Armt or Occipatiox, >
Camp before Monterey, Sept. 22, 1846. $
Sir—l have the honor to report that the troops
under my command, including the mounted vol
unteers from Texas, marched from Marin on the
18lh, and encamped before Monterev on the 19th
inst. It was immediately discovered that the
enemy occupied the town in force, and bad .-.tid
ed greatly to its strength by fortify ing the ap
proaches and commanding heights. A close rc
connoissance was made the same evening by the
officers of engineers and topographical engi
neers on both flanks of the town, and it was de
termined, from the information procured, to oc
cupy the Saltillo road in rear of the town, car
] rying, if practicable, the several fortified emi
nences in that direction. The 2d division of
regular troops and a portion of Col. Hays’s regi
ment of mounted volunteers, were accordingly
detached under Brig. Gen. Worlh on this service,
at noon on the 20th. A ten inch mortar ami
two 24 pounder howitzers were placed in batte
ry during the night to play upon the citadel and
town. At 7 o’clock these guns opened and con
tinued a deliberate fire, which was returned.—
To create a still fuither diversion in favor of
General Worth’s movement, the remainder of
the force, except a camp guard, was displayed
around tlie centre and left of the town. The
infantry and first battery pf the Ist division made
a strong demonstialion on tli left, and soon be
came so closely engaged that I moved forward
the volunteer division under Maj. Gen. Butler to
its support, leaving one battalion (Ist Kentucky)
to cover the mortar battery. A close contest
then ensued, which resulted in the capture of
one strong battery of four guns, which, with
some adjacent defences, our troops now occupy.
A garrison was left to hold this position, and the
remainder of the force returned to camp.
In the meantime General Worth had engaged
the enemy early in the morning, and defeated
him with considerable loss. In the course of
the day two of the batteiies in rear of the town
were carried ly slorming parties of the 2d divis
ion, and a third was carried this morning at
dawn of day. The Bishop’s Palace occupied
the only remaining height in rear of the town,
and is completely commanded by the works al
ready carried. General Worth’s division oceu
pi s the Saltillo road, and cuts oil’ all succor or
support from the interior. I must reserve a
more minute report of the important operations
of yesterday, until those of the different com
manders are rendered, and also until a topo
graphical sktt'ch of the country can be prepared,
I regret to report that our successes have not
been obtained without severeloss, to be attributed
in a good measure to the ardor of the troops in
pressing forward. No returns of killed and
wounded have yet been received, nor is it know n
what corps of Gen. Worth’s division have suf
fered most. In the other poriion of the army,
the Ist, 3d and 4th regiments of infantry and
regiment ofTennesse volunteers have sustained
the greatest lo3s, The following is believed to
be an accurate list of the officers killed and
wounded :
KILLED.
2d In fantry —Brevet Ist Lieut. J. S.
(serving with Ist Infantry.)
3</ Infantry —Capt. L. M, Morris; Capt. G,
P. Field. Brevet Major P. N. Barbour ; Ist
Lieut, arid Adjt, D. t>. Lwin; 2d Lieut. R. Ha -
littr
4 th Infantry —lst Lieut, and Adjt. C. Hos
kins.
Bill Infantry —Capt 11. McKavett,
Maryland and Washington Batin Von Vol
unteers —Lieut. Col. W. H. Watson.
VOLUNTEER DIVISION.
Ohio Regiment —lst Lieut. M. Lett.
Tennessee Regiment— Capt. W. IJ. AILn ,
Lieut. S. M. Putnam.
WOUNDED.
Corps of Engineers —Lr vet Majoi j. iv. T.
Mansfield, slightly.
Corps of Topographical Engineers —Capt.
W. G. Williams, (in hands oi the enemy.)
l.s/ Infantry— Brevet Major J. L. Abercrom
bie. slightly; Capt. S. M Lamotte, severely; Ist
Lieut. J. C. Terrctt, in the hands of the enemy;
Id Lieut. R. Dilworth. severely.
3 d infantry— Major W. W. Lear, severely f
Capt. H. Bainbridge, slightly.
4 th Infantry— -Ist Lieut. R. H. Graham, se
verely.
s lh Infantry —lst Lt. N. B. Ilossell, slight*
ly ‘
7th Infantry—2d Lieut. J, 11. Potter, severe
ly.
Bth Infantry—2d Lieut. Geo. Wuimvright,
severely.
VOLUNTEER DIVISION.
General Staff —Maj, General W. O. Butler*
slightly.
Ohio Regiment— Col, A. M. Mitchell, slight
ly; Capt. Janies George, slightly; Ist Lieut, and
Adjutant A. W. Armstrong, very severely ; Ist
Lieut. N. Niies, severely; Ist Dicut. L. Mottcr,
slightly.
Mississippi —Lieut. Col. A. H McClung.se
verely, Capt. R. N. Downing, slightly; Ist Lieut.
H, F. Cook, slightly; 2d Lieut. B. K. Arthur,
slightly,
DIVISION OF TEXAS MOUNTED VOL
UNTEERB.
Ist Regiment —Capt. R. A. Gillespie, mortal
ly.
I need hardly add, that the conduct of our
troops, both regulars and volunteers, throughout
the operations, has been, everything th it eould
be desired. The part which each corps contri
butedtothe success of the day will appear more’
fully in future reports. To Major Generals But
ler and Henderson, and Brigaaicr Generals
Twiggs and Worth, commanding divisions, I
must express my obligations for the efficient
support which they have rendered—particularly
so to Brigadier Gen. Worth, whose services,
irom his detached position, have been most con
spicuous.
I am, sir, very respccffuily,
Your obedient servant,
Z. TAYLOR,
Major General, U. 8. A. Cora.
The Adjutant Genaral ce the Armt,
Washington, D. C.
T Ell MS OF CAPITULATION,
Os the city of Monterey, the, capital of Nuev
Leon, agreed upon by the undersigned com
missioners, to wit: General Worth, of the Uni
ted States army, General Henderson, of the
Texan volunteers, and Colonel Davis, of the
Mississippi riflemen, on the part of Major Gen
eral Taylor, commarnding-in-chief the United
States lorces, a.id Genera! Raquena and Gen
eral Ortega, of the army of Mexico, and Sc
nor Manuel M. Llano, governor of Nueva
Leon, on the part of Senor General Don Pe
dro Ampudia, commanding-in-chief the army
in the north of Mexico.
Art. I. As the legitimate result of the opera
tions before this place, and the present position
of the contending armies, it is agreed that the
city, the fortifications, cannon, the munitions of
war, and all other public property, with the un
dermentioned exceptions, be surrendered to the
commanding general ot the L T . Slates forces, now
at Monterey.
Art. If. That the Mexican forces be allowed
to retain the following arms, to wit: the com
missioned officers their side arms, the infantry
their arms and eceoutrements, the cavalry their
arms and accoutrement, the artillery one field
battery not to exceed six pieces; with twenty
one rounds of ammunition.
Art. 111. That the Mexican armed forces re
tire within seven days from this date beyond
the line formed by the pass of the Eincouadn,
the city of Linares, and San Fenando de Pres
as.
Art. IV. That the citadel of Monterey he e
vacuated by the Mexican, and occupied by the
American ferces, to-morrow morning, at 10 o’-
clock.
Art. V. To avoid collisions, and for mutual
convenience, the troops of the United States will
not occupy the city until the Mexican forces
have withdrawn, except for hospital and’ storage
purposes.
Art. VI. That the forces of the United States
will not advance beyond the line specified in the
2d [3dJ article before the expiration of eight
weeks, or until the orders or instruction* of the
respective governments can be received.
Art. VII. That the public property to be iU