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IJlfO 8Y JOHN PORSYTH.
inSSTTIU. T. MLFS it *■ ELUS,
nd Publisher*.
n, 1 •*®ry Tuesday Morn-’
— tlx* tm.lding kbuv a “ Winters’ Ex-
T* Kwt wile af Broad Street above Ran-
* p suits, nniu.*J'atciy in the rear ot the
fMtOioe.
Tfß\l'-rf.K Ibtttv P” annum, payable
% Mdernse for ne subscription:.
K ft.a-i.cr jB be disoonticucJ -.vh.le any arrear-
are J re, aaless at the option of the propri
isi ram oallirs will ia all casts be ei
iclf4 a*re nsrauat is not made before the
f| . rs,i*a of the subscription year.
ifl.'riViK.N* TS conspicuously inserted at
~c Unaan tier sqsre. for the first insertion,
aa 1 riff* ctxrs for every subsequent continu
itet*
Ai i sent to us without spe.cify
t e number of insertions desired, will be
st,sued unUl ordered out, and charged ac-
Lt.tt. Aor r irtESMTi published at the usual
mint, an l w.tii strict attention to the requisi
tes is of tire law.
>iim under regular executions, must
ke aJrerti* J Tiiiarr dvts ; under mo.-tgege fi
fas. *tt o\ts before the tlav of sale.
Sstsa af Land and Negroes, by Executors, Ad
aMStrvlMs or Guardians, for sixty days before
tbe day of sale.
Sates of p - saal property (except negroes) for
ty SYS
llfUl “S 1 of Court3 ofOrdinary, upon
a '.u.at*ou for letters of administration art to
W> reblisbed for TitinTY days.
Crr iTi upon application for dismission, by Ex
ec u*r*, Administrators, or Guardians, monthly
for ns amrem.
Oaocas nfCoorts of Ordinary, (accompanied with
a copy of Uk bond, or agreement) to make title
to land, must be published tksfc worths.
Nonces hv Executors or Administrators or Guar
ds***, of application I the Coart ofOrdinary
force's re to sell the Land or Negroes of an
estate, cm * months.
N iTiccs bo Kx sutors or aoministrators, to the
and Creditors of an estate, for sis
wxuv
yy Li ‘teas to the proprietors on business, must
Per: earn, to entitle them to attention.
pfAT-ACA ORATES, PIGS, SATES
L.Emorcs.
Jl>;T received bv
GREENWOOD & MORRIS.
Feb. 1. IS4R.
GOSHEN BUTTER,
m Samarior art rV. for -a!e at 20 rents per lb.
by GREENWOOD k MORRIS.
Feb, a, IS4S
TICKLES 1 FZCKX.2S::
T f AIfGOEB. Limes, ftpftw, Beans. Onions,
It*. r*J mixed Pickles, in sal’s, half gal’s, q’ts.
•ad pmitn. Also, Spanish Olives and Capers.
Just received hv
GREENWOOD & MORRIS.
Dec. 7. 1547.
MARKET BEEF, dried Beef and
Reel Tongue*. J u~t received by
GREEN WOOD <fc MORRIS.
lWe. 7. I*7.
rZSEL
A T ACKERF,I., No. 1.2 and 3—No. 1 Shad,
AIL S.liuon.CtelSsh and Herrings.
Jul received bv
GREENWOOD & MOUTHS.
Doc. 7.1547.
T I ST received. (Watini'. Preserved (linger.
J Unnl (imrrr, Preserve*. jam*. Pie Fruit,
fipsrr-. Sakrati.-. Saar. l’iivme. Runyrt. Ex
tract*. Table Salt, White liiack and Red Pop
per. fume !** nb-rs Fancy B<*qfs. Peifiimery,
Rtatrenerv. Ink. Htwua Copying Ink, Back
gemmen Boar,!- Dire. Rif kHand, dee. Ar.—by
GREE-N WOOD & MORRIS.
Dec. 7. 1847.
VJWE/\R.
TANARUS f W e, Raspberry and Ci
-11 jer Vinegar. Jnt received l>v
GREENWOOD & MORRIS.
Dee. 7. I’M 7.
TIM'K f irt’e S-vup, Pickled l.ohs’ers, Sar
.1 I J .-stud Ai-V.-i***. Ju*t received by
GREENWOOD &. MORRIS.
I- .€i IK O^ainpaigite
Art Irr, \v inn, l. : ju.rr* and Syrup* oi eve
ry deempti m. Ji.-t re,-etv.-,l by
OQD & MORRIS.
IVs. 7, *•!r.
SA4?SS3.
TT*’OnrESTER>IJIRE. A*Wrrton. Canton
v* S.anJ J U * Beef Steak Sauces;
A-r 1’ t•. V ushroon and Walnut Catsup;
Lime Jui.-r. Tree Syrup, &c.
J art rcoeivr! hv
GREEN wood & MORRIS.
Nee. 30. !<:r.
Will.
Exst *n. tjcinon and Sngnr Biscuit,
k U „'or i'i,! Ri.ilcr Crackers, Pilot Bread, dee
Just received bv
GREENWOOD & MORRIS.
\ V.I. I,^;
* I ED POitK. !Jo.yh*. Wni>on Ham-
A and Beef. Just rwivc.l lv
GREENWOOD dc MORRIS. *
Jan. IS. |<*4s.
MOOOY, GItIMES Ac CO.,
U';i. j!!-.; rrfivrj s hiavyrcd wrll st
irvicii stock cf
titOCERIES.
They u.ite purchaacra to give them a call.
5 :<'nt t‘at they caa give entire aatie
•cuer. S<vss!.. qcality mid price.
lld ■ MTiii 4*rt! !?rcc.v n
KMON AND LARD,
a•* have cue* eiviag iheir snnnlies,
•ad afea hnaattfal attic SIDES at (3; cents
per ia quantities tc suit purchasers.
Feb. S. IMb.
LATEST IM PROVEN EM
ssm ms®*
\\‘ i r .r'rifaHt inform enr frirnds. and
r fi* P.-anter* ceaeraliv, of Alabama and
hem R IRD CO r TON GIH MAN-
U rtRV. >in fall operation.
■e very best Mate
•alavekieh rim!<l be selected. The machinery
* ; < ■*-. avrd coßMrertfd on the most approved
paa, tribe manufacture of Cotton Gins.
The machia.sts, and workmen employed in the
‘rut, are skilful and experienced in the
* ; mad wc have made such improvements
* S -ti. and construction of our Gins
” *’ -'i certain, in every case, to furnish a
w perform admirably well,and give
1 ’ ? -rH**er eatire satisfaction
* y of recommendation we need only
***- *bat vre fanidwd several hundred of our
-i G.n* to Planters in various parts of
‘■by danag the last season, and not one
‘i i-d to irive general satisfac
fol * speed aad ■■ the sample of cotton.
I . ** v ’ can be sent to us by mail, or contracts
* ”-r \gents who are traveling through
m| c i.
I , * * “‘eat to any part of the country,
. ‘ ‘ ‘ warranted to perform well.
I * Mw •ddressiag the proprietors by mail will
’ ‘ r letter* to Colanaba*. (ia.
E. T. TAYLOR & CO.
* . Girard, Alabama.
’ ‘* S—ts
I JOS! PKI.M'IAG,
I ** a rf Ornamental,
t* rtaxrit EurcTtn at thi
arriex or
r Caiuiubus Cfmcs.
I [ Way Bills,
I 18 ■ 1 Circulars,
■*V I BJ*k Note*,
H* ;. , l"** ? blue in this line of business
|^ w * ad vrith Despatch.
ASI ALABAMA BLANKS
AT IRIS Os FIC.
• V *
®lje Columbus Citnes.
VOLUME VIII.
MERCANTILE.
“ COLUMBOf
SADDLERY WARIOH,
At the sign of the Golden Saddle, next
door to .VAessr*. llnil & Moses, East side
Broad Street.
AT HOME AGAIN.
WABE 4 IODLE2RBSS,
91 A S L FACT UREB S Ol 1
S \ DDI.ES, I TRUNKS,
KRIOf.ES, SADDLE DAGS,
HARNESS, J VALICkS, Ac.
Have constantly on hand, a large assortment, and
arc receiving every week from their own manu
factory one of the largest and best aqsojtments ol
Gentlemen and Ladies baddies, of uvery variety
of pattern, from the cheapest to the best, \yhich
we are offering to sell lower than ever before ot
tered in this market.
HAR3?£S3£3.
Coach, Rarrouch, Buggy and araess- .
es, ot every style and quality,
I7AS3K HARNESSES.
Collars, ann, vVh ,n ill D.-i/ arnesses
Carryal arness—some very cheap.
_ SADDLiEnS riZATSIXIAXiS.
Saddle Tree Skirtings, og Skins, Pad do.,
Straining and Girt Web, and a large assortment ol
Saddlery, Coach and i rness ardware.
CA • RZAGM3 TRIMSEZKG-S.
Top and curtpin Leather, Patent Dash do. Rub
ber doth, figured and plain; Patent curtain
cloth, Patent mole skin, broad and narrow Laces,
Silk and Worsted Fringes and Tassels, &c.
All of which we are offering verv low.
rr Persons wishing to purchase any articles
in our line, wouid-do well to call and examine
our stock and prices before purchasing else
where.
N. B.—Repairing in all its various Branches
done ai the shortest notice and in the best man
ner.
WANTED, a lot of GOOD HARNESS
LEATHER.
Columbus, 23J October, IS 17. 44-6rn
DIP REMOVAL. ,01
BUM? KISS 4 SOI,
| E AVE removed lo the stoic recently occu-
JL-eL pied by A. K Ayer, a few doors above the
Bank of St. Marys, pear the Post Office, where
they oiler for sale a good stock of
AND
BOMESTIC BRY-BOSBS,
consisting in part of the following articles :
Brown and Loaf Sugar, Y'oung Hyson, Impe
rial, and Black Tea, Rio Coffee, Sperm Candles,
Soap, Poland Starch, Window Glass, White and
Bar Lead, Powder, Shot, Nails, Rectified and
Alonougaheia Whiskey, Rum, Gin, Brandy ; Ma
deira, Tenneriffe, Malaga and Port YVine.
Bieac’i and unbleached Sheeting and Shirting,
Prints, Kerseys, Blankets, Hats, Shoes, &c. &c.
low for cash, or approved paper.
Columbus, Oct. 5, 1847. 41—ts
WOOmFFT WHITTELSEYr
HAVE just rfmvrd from New York an ad
dition to their stock of
among which may be found Wide Riack Gro de
!t!iine,Silk, forYlsittes, Cashmere Shawls,Cash
meres, Muslin de Laines, Orleans and Columbia
Plaids, and Fine Silk Hats, bhops, &.c., &c.
\\ . Sc W. wi4! sell ail their slock o/Cashmeres
and Muslin de Laines., at. from
Ten lo Tift i per cent, below New
York ( ost,f-r < ash.
Now is the time, Ladies, to buy Dresses cheap.
Piesse rail and exauvue for yourseives.
December 14, 1847. 51—ts
CROC I'.UY AN n ST APL E
J. I?. HsIOOKV,
F s now opruiii; at his nrw Store ou West
i. side Broad street, three doors below Hill,
Dawson & Cos., a
Well Selcclod of Goods,
to which he invifs the attention of bis friends,
and former customers.
He will also give libera! p.icas for COTTON
a nd‘ COUNTRY PRODUCE.
DJr N. B.—Those indebted to the late firm of
1; k J. Brooks, are requested to call ar.4i.*ui
.iate their accounts, which arg in the hands ot’the
undersigned. J. B. BROOKS.
December 28. 1547. I—ts
GKiJiCEbriCGEFJ£S7
r F , IIE Subscribers have rrceivrd nud arc now
J- opening, a fresh stock of Groceries, fin
Liquors, choice Brands of Cigars, Stc., consisting
in part of the following ;
BRANDIES, (Hard, Dppuy & Co’s.; French
and Cognac, American and Peach ; HUM, Jamai
ca, St. Croix, and New England ; GIN, Holland
and American; IVHiShEY, Old Monongahela,
Irish, Scotch and Western; WINES, Madeira,
Port, Teneriffe, Malaga, Sherry and Claret; CI
GARS, ot the following brands, ta-wit: Byron ,
U csuiiii'ton.llionda's, LeitadClaranda,Lanorma,
A merit la. Congress, De ’ Cabana, Regalia and
Americana; SUGARS , Loaf. West India, and
Ne w Orleans; Coffee, Tea, Soap, Lard, Butter,
Cheese, Candles, Powder and Shot. Besides a
general variety of
FA HIM GROCERIES.
In the rear of our establishment will be found
a genteel Reading Room for the mental, and re
freshments for the physical man.
CODE & CRICHTON.
December 2S, 1547. j 3 ni
~ggT WATCHES,
if
_|y Y ANDFRENCIE
FANCY ARTICLES
iiiidiTsijnfd, successor to H. E. Dibble,
. has just returned from New \ r ork, and is
now opening, 2 doors below Messrs. Winter &
Epping’s Drug Store, as large an assortment of
Gold and Stiver Goods, as were ever offered in
this city, consisting, in part, as follows:
Fine Gold and Silver Lever, Anchor,
Leptne and Vi rate Escapement Watches,
from the most celebrated Manufactories, WAR
RENTED to keep good time.
Real Diamond and rich Jewelry, of great varie
ty, embracing the newest fashions ; Calneo and
Cora! Broaches, Cameo Bracelets, gold Minia
ture Settings and Lockets, of every size and pat
tern ; sold Guard & Fob Chains, Keys and Scales,
Pen and Pencils; real Silver Fish Knives and
Forks; Tea and Table Spoons, silver Cups, gold
and silver Thimbles, Spectacles, &c. Together
with a good assortment of
Amcriran and French Clocks,
from $2 to $75 !
French Toys, recently imported ; Steel Goods;
Shell, Ivory and Buffalo COMBS; Tablets, &c.
together with a variety of other Goods—all of
which will be offered at prices LOWER than
have heretofore been asked, in this city.
The public are invited to call and examine this
uew and inviting stock, before purchasing else
were.
The valuable services of Mr. WM. B.
MOORE are secured, in the REPAIRING de
partment. All Repairing of Clocks and Watch
es WARRENTED, or no charge.
Eneravbtc neatly executed.
* A H. DEWITT.
f)!va*hu*, G*. Pec. 14j IM7. 31—3®
MERCANTILE.
TEAsffEAS!!
AGENCY OF THE CANJON TEA COMPANY.
THU Subscribers have just received from
the CANTON TEA COMPANY, a complete
assortment of their superior Teas ; embracing
every variety of grades and ci^alities —put up in
quarters, halves, and pound packages. We can
safely assert that these Teas and better and
cheaper than any heretofore offered in this mark
?t.. 95” The money will in ai! cases be refunded
if tM Tea does not give satisfaction.
STANFORD & ELLIS.
Columbus, Feb. 22, 1848. 9—3 t
NEW BODE SfOHE“
TIIE undersigned beg leave respectfully to
return tlieir sincere thank* to their friends,
for the very liberal patronage during the short
time they have been engaged in business, and
] take pleasure in giving notn e that they have re
j movcu into their new brick store, between Messrs
; Kivlin &Struppcrs. East side Broad street,vvheie
they intend keeping a complete assortment of
sieftool and Miscellaneous Boots and Sta
tionery, of every description, which will be
so.d oij the most rcasonab.e turms.
-lie citiaeqs and the public generally are in
vited to call. For the apconiinodUtion of those
who may wish to cail, their store will be kept
open and well lighted every night through the
business season, until 9 o’clock.
TARBOX & MARBLE.
Columbus, Feb. 22, 1848 9—ts
FEEKCH qUABHILIEDT
A SEW article lor Ladies Dresses, just re
ceived and for sale at
,WOODRUFF & WHTTEDSEY’S.
November 2, 1847. 40 —ts
■®®©MT®©®msT
J. W. PEASE,
BOOKSELLER AND STATIONER,
AI the old stand, a few doors above Moody Grimes,
4” Cos. East side Broad Street,
HAS just received a complete assortment
of School, Classical, Law, Medical and
Miscellaneous works —Letter, Cap, Note and
Bill paper of every quality. Also, a good asscr*-
raent of BLANK BOOKS. With every other ar
ticle usually kept in the business. Ail of which
will be sold on the most reasonable terms.
Columbus, Due. 7, 1847. bO-3m
NEW EOOK SfOlK
B. C. DeGRIFFE^iKIED,
ES pleased to announce to the citizens of
Columbus and vicinity, that he has just open
ed a Store next door beiow Winter & ’Epping’s,
where he has on hand, and will be receiving, a
New and select assortment of
BOOks AK i> VS’
among which may found School, Classical, Med
ical Law and Miscellaneous Works; a good as
sortment of ANNUAL.-s and GIFT BOOKS; to
gether with Sunday School and Children’s Books
efalmost any kind and quality.
Numerous kinds of ENVELOPES; Fancy and
Note Paper: Printing; Visiting aud Piiiyiu*
CARDS : Bristol and Perforated Boards; Trans
parent and Motto Wafers ; and all other articles
usually kept in a Book Store.
SCrTeacbers and persons wanting Libraries,
are invited to call and examine.
Columbus, Dec. 21, 1847. 52—3 m
W. J. KBIFGSSa
( Formerhf of Ettfaula. Ah.')
HAS taken the Stere two doors below liali
fit Moses, where be will keep at all times,
a weil selected stock of
S'iAi'JLJU IHIY iiO()i)v,
AND
GROCERIES.
SOOTS, ISATS, SAD
6>B..ES4Y, &!*.. Ac.
Also, a large and weil selected stock of
Negro Goods, liiankets. &c.
All of which, he oilers at the lowest possible pri
ces.
He will also give liberal prices for COTTON
and COUNTRY PRODUCE.
He hopes that his old friends and tli® public
generally, will call and examine his stock be
fore purchasing elsewhere.
Columbus, November 23, 1547. 48 —ts
SOUSE TO JpEOIIAIf S.
HpIIE Subscribers take this method of in
forming the Merchants of Middle and
Southern Georgia, and Alabama, that they are
making at the FLINT JUVER FACTORY, m
Upson county, a very superior article of heavy
SHIRTING, j wide. They offer this article to
the triends of Southern enterprise and industry
as pheap, or cheaperthan it can be obtained from
the North, while it is in every respect much su
perior. It is remarkable lor the evpnncss and
soundness of the thread, and for the compactness
of the cloth. Specimens may be seen at Rich
ard's & Jeffeson's, in Columbus; Ross &
Brother's, Macon ; and at Thornton’s, in Grii
fin. Merchants and others wishing an article of
the kind, and who are disposed to patronize
Georgia iabor and capital, would do well to call
and examine the specimens. It can be had low ,
and, if necessary, on time.
FLINT RIVER MANUFACTURING COMPANY.
February 22, 1848. 9—sm2m
THE SACRED MOUNTAINS,
BY J. T. UKADLEY.
1 vol pp. £O-1, beautifully printed.
MR. Headley’s reputation as an author, has
been widely ditiused by bis “Napoleon
and nis Marshals and, “Washington and his Gen
erals.” “The Sacred Mountains” commends
itselt by the beautiful drapery which its author
has thrown around scriptural localities, as well
as by the forcible and elegant diction in which
the scenes are described—scenes in which the
reader feels a very natural interest from their
connection with the Bible history, and to which
Mr. Headley has imparted additional charms bv
the rich and varied imagery with which he has
invested them. n.
Persons whose residence is remote from large
cities, ar.d who have not ready access to book
stores, may be desirous of purchasing a work
ot the merits of* “The Sacred Mountains,"’ and
to such the Publisher offers to transmit bv mail,
Iree ot postage, three, copies on the receipt of
SL
JOHN S. TAYLOR, Publisher,
151 Nassau street, New York.
Feb. 22, IS4S. 9—3 t
INLAKB iIIIKOUTi”
TO THE NORTH,
Via Branchrilie, Columbia, Camden, Cherntr,
FuyeitevUlt, Raleigh and Petersburg to Bal
timore.
A DAILY LINE of Four Horse Post Conches
has been established since July iast, be
; tween Columbia and Raleigh, at a speed of si?,
miles the hour, making the whole time througt
to Baltimore, only twenty-ffour hours behind the
Wilmington Steam Boat Route.
Passengers can secure seats in the Stages bj
paying through from Columbia to Petersburg
(fare 821,) or by application to J. D. Mathews.
Agent ot the Omnibus Company, Augusta, Ga
Passengers wishing to take the Inland Route
having through tickets to Charleston, can use tin
same to Columbia without additional expense.
F.. P. G UION & CO.
Columbia, S. C., Dec, 21, 1847. 52—fim
N. B. Th only stage travel is from Columbi*
to
THE UNION OP THE STATES, AND THE SOVEREIGNTY OF TI(E STATES.
COLUMBUS, GA. TUESDAY, MARCH 7, 1848.
MERCANTILE.
“liilp mT~
EO. A. NORRIS,
rrsprctliiily announce to his cus
s T tomers and the public generally, that he
is now receiving his I'ALL S’JFOUft. of
Staple and Fancy Dry Goods,
consisting in part of RIC DRESS GOODS, in
great variety. RIC LACE CAPES, and Laces of
every style; BONNETS, ATS, CAPS, BOOTS,
and S JDES; BLANKETS, KEARSEYS, KEN
TUCKY JEANS, SATINETS, FLANNELS,
&c., together with almost every article kept in
a Dry Goods Store, which he is selling on the
most favorable terms Please give us an early
call.
Oct. 5, 1847. 41—ts
F. SHEFFEH-SBNSIITH.
Over the Cabinet iVarehonse of A. An
dersen &, Cos. Broad St. Columbus, Ga.
HAS just received a fine assortment of
English double and singje-barrel SHOT
GUNS, PISTOLS, RIFLES, SHOT-POUCHES,
POWDER FLASKS, and every other article in
his line, of superior workmanship and finish.
Ho will also keep on hand SSAffcCFof his own
manufacture, which lie will WARRANT—as well
as all repairing which may be entrusted to him.
Wovlv done promjit'ly ami at the low
est rates.
Dec. 7, 18s7. 50—3 m
OROSXSEY niSOKERY U
‘THE subscribers having rcmovid a tew
I doors beiow Messrs. Hill, Dawson & Cos.,
are now opening a splendid stock of
consisting in part of French and English China
Dining and Tea Sets ; Flowing Blue and White
Granite, do.; do do Toilet Sets; C. C. Edged and
Sprigged Ware. Also, Rockingham Tea Pots,
Flower Pots, Covered Butter Jars, Soup Tureens,
Sauce Boats, Fruit Baskets, Fire Proof Pie Plates,
anv Napier’s,China, Flowing Blue, White Granite
and common Teas and Coffees, Covered Dish
es, and Bakers, also a general assortment of
comprising in part, cut, pressed, engraved, Hint
and common Tumblers and Decanters, Goblets,
Champagne, Wine, Cordial, Egg and Jelly Glass
es, Specie Jars, Bowls on foot, Flower Vases,
Castors and Extra Bottles, Cut, Mould, Solar,
Lard, Side and Hanging Lamps.
Globes, Chimneys, Winking, Sperm and Lard
Oil, together with n general variety of Merchan
dise. Having made arrangements to import di
rect from Liverpool, we are enabled to furnish
country Merchants at New York prices, adding
the lowest rates of freight.
L. L. & G, W. COWDERY.
December 28, 1 £47. i—ts
FEMALE ACADEMY.
r r ? liE Trustees of theFcnmic Acat cmy of iliis
JL city are happy to communicate to the citi
zens and community adjacent that they have en
gaged the services of Professor IIKIYTZ, late oi
the University of North Carolina, assisted by his
lady, Mrs. CAROLINE LEE IIENTZ, as Princi
pal* of the Academy the ensuing year. These
individuals, coming as they do with the highest
recommendations and qualifications, as {instruct
ors offemaies, the Hoard ofTrustees flatterthem
seives thattha sciiool will be successfully encour
iged and sustained by ail those who wish to give
tlieir daughters a thorough and liberal education,
which can b3 as well porlected under the man
agement of these individuals, as at any other In
stitution in the States.
No effort on the part ofthe Trustees shall he
wanting to place this institution on an equality
with any other of similar character and thus af
ford an opportunity to our citizens of completing
the education o.f tlieir daughters at home, and
under the watchful care oftheir own eye.
G. E. THOMAS, President.
John Forsyth, Josiah Beat.j.,
JohnG. Winter, Dr. Thus. Hoxey,
Dr. Asa Pon and, Dr. R. A. Ware,
Jas. K. Redd, J. L. Mitchell,
Dr. E. L. deGRAFFEivaiED, Trustees;
Columbus, Nov; 30, 1847, 49 ts
” ESUSS, MEDICINES,
Paints, Oils, &*.
JTNT received, and now opening, a large and
tJe and fresh supply of all articles usually kept
in our line. I shall continue to receive, as may
he wanted, from time to time, a general assort
ment of the above articles, which will be of the
very best quality, and may be relied on with
confidence; and as money is in demand at this
time, I will make it to the interest of all wishing
to purchase for CASH, to obtain their supplies
from mo.
Ir. addition to the articles of Medicine, I have
and will continue to keep Potash. ‘Salleratus,
Pepper, Spice, Tanner’s Oil, Linseed Oil, Sweet
Oil, Neat’oot's Oil, Sperm Oil, Table Oil, of the
finest quality, Shaker’s Brooms, Paints, White
Wash and Paint Brushes of all sizes and quali
ties, Head Brushes —the finest ever offered in
this market —Wash-ITand Soaps, of every vnrie
ty. Shaving Soaps of the best quality, Lorrilards,
Maccaboy, and Scotch t'nuffs, in bottles, and by
the pound in jars, Window Glass and Glass
Ware, Varnishes, of all qualities. Spirits Tur
pentine, White Lead, dry and in oil, fresh from
the Factory, Surgical and Dental Instruments,
Gold and Tin Foil, Porcelaine Teeth, assorted,
Plate and Pivot. I invite all wishing to purchase
to call and examine.
R. A. WARE.
Feb. 20, 1848. 10—4 t
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CONGRESSIONAL.
SPKECH Os THE HOX. JOHN A. I>l\,
OP XKW-YORK,
( Concluded)
Mr. President, the declaration of M. Guizot
could hardly have been made without the previ
ous approbation of the government, of which he
was the organ. The same sovereign occupies
tile throne of France—the same minister stands
before it as the exponent Gs his opinions. Is
the declaration to be regarded as a tr.ere idle an
nunciation in words of a design never intended to
be carried into practice] l>et me answer the
question by the briefest possible reference to cir
cumstances. France was the coadjutor ofEng
land in the attempt to induce Texas to decline
annexation to the Union. Failing in this, she
attempted to accomplish the same object indi
rectly, by persuading Mexico to recognize the in
dependence of Texas, on condition that the lat
ter should remain an independent state. These
terms were offered to Texas, and rejected. In
the year IS 14,1 belive less thm twelve months
before M. Guizot’s declaration was made (an 1
the coincidence in point of time is remarkable.)
a book on Oregon and California was published
in Paris by order of King of France, under the
auspices of M arshal Soult, President of the Coun
cil, and M. Guizot, Minister of Foreign Affairs,
and written bv M. do Mofras, who was attached
to the French legation in Mexico. The
first part of the work contains some re
markable passages. He speaks of the establish
ment of a European monarchy as a project which
had been suggested as the only one calculated
to put an end to the divisions and annihilate the
factions which desolated that beautiful country.*
lie says the Catholic religion.and family rela
tions, with the ancient possessors of the country,
would he the first conditions required of the prin
ces, who should he called to reconstruct there a
monarchical government. He then adds:
“The infants of Spain, the French prlsces,
and the archdukes of Austria, fulfil these condi
tions, and we may affirm that, from whichever
quarter a competitor should present himself, he
would he unanimously welcomed by the Mexi
can people.
“What, then, are the interests of France in
those questions ?
“The establishment in Mexico of a monarchy
of any description whatever, resting upon a so
lid basis, shoud be the first object of our policy;
for we know that the instability attached to the
actual form ofits government, brings with it dis
advantages for our commerce, and inconvenien
ces for our people.”
He adds, that if Mexico is to preserve her re
publican lorm of government, her incorporation
into the Union of the North w’ould seem more
favorable to France than her existing condition,
on account of the development of commerce and
all the guarantees of liberty, security, and jus
tice, which his compatriots would enjoy; and
that England would lose, under such an order
of things, what France would gain. Thus
though the dismemberment and absorption of
Mexico by the United States, aie regarded by
M. de Moiras as preferable to the commercial
monopoly and the “species of political sovereign
ty,” as he denominates it, which England has ex
ercised in that country, the first object of France,
according to him, should be a reconstruction of
monarchy in Mexico, with a foreign prince on
the throne, and this prince from some branch of
the Bourbon family. The opinions contained
in this book are not put forth as the mere spe
culations of a private person. They arc the opin
ionsof ail agent of the government: the publica
tion is made by of the king, and under
the auspices of his two chief ministers, and so
stated in the title page. Ido not mean to hold
the government of France responsible for all the
opinions contained in that work; but, we do not be
lieve that those I have quoted, concerning as they
dosograve a subject as the international relations
of France with Mexic >, and of Mexico with the
E'nited States, would have been put forth with
out mo ification under such high official sanc
tions, if they had been viewed with positive dis
favor] It appears to me, that we arc constrain
ed to view them, like the declaration ofM. Gui
zot, though certainly to a very inferior extent,
as possessing an official character, which we are
not at liberty wholly to regard, when we
consider the one in connection with the oth
er.
And now% sir, I ask, do not these opinions
and declarations, especially when vve look to the
open and direct interference of Great Britain and
France, by force of arms, in the domestic affairs
of some of the South American republics within
the last two years, furnish a just ground of ap
prehension if we should retire from Mexico with
out a treaty and as enemies,that it might t ecorne
a theatre for the exercise of influences of a most
unf.iendly character to us! With the aid of the
monarchical party in Mexico, would there not
he danger that the avowed design of establish
ing a throne! might be realized! The chances
of open interposition are unquestionably dimin
ished by the results of the war; but I am con
strained to believe the chances of secret inter
ference are increased hy the avidity imputed to
us for territorial extension, Ought not this dan
ger to influence, to some extent, oqr own con
duct, at least so far as to dissuade us from aban
*The day after this speech was delivered, : Mr.
D. received from a friend in New York, who could
have had no knowledge ot his intention to speak
much less of the topics he designed to discuss,
a translation from a speech delivered to the
Cortes of Spain on the Ist of December, 1847, by
Senor OSozoga, a man of distinction, and suppos
ed to be the same individual who was a few years
since first minister of the Crowr. By this speech
it appears that as recently as 1846, a year after
M. Guizot’s declaration was made, and two years
after M. de Mofras’s book was published, large
sums were expended by Spain for the purpose
of establishing a monarchy in Mexico, and of
placing a Spanish prince on the throne. The
close connection of the government of France
and Spain by the marriage of the Duke of Mont
pensier, the Son of Louis Philippe, to the sister
of Queen Isabella, gives additional iniportance
to these deveiopements:
“ No one e ther on this floor or elsw here, can
deny that the project has been entertained of es
tablishing a monarchy in Mexico, and to place
a Spanish prince on the throne. This project,
conceived in the time of the Conde Aranda,
would have saved our colonies from the sad fate
they have suffered; but brought forward on this
occasion, it was the most absurd idea that could
have been conceived. But we have not only to
deplore having excited political animosities and
the corsequences this has produced inthatcoun
trv ; v.e have also to lament the money lost
and thrown away upon Mexican soil. And in
order that the Cortes may not believe I am about
to make accusations ot so grave a character
without possessing proofs to corroborate them, 1
now hold in my hand a statement of the sums
expended and drawn from the treasury in Hava
na in the year 1846. signed by the Sen or Navar
ro as auditor, and Mugica as treasury. In this
statement there is an item which says: -'Paid
bills of exchange remitted by the minister pleni
potentiary of her Majesty in Mexico for matters
belonging to the service, Si ICO 000.’ But much
greater than this was the authority our minister
in Mexico possessed for disposing of the public
funds. I do not know whether he has made
use of it. I do uot even know his name. I
suppose he will employ them with scrupulous
honesty; but is the Spanish people so bountiful
ly supplied with millions that they can afford to
eend it to the New World, for the purpose of sus
taining polical intrigues in that distant reg ; on ?
Bow many meritorious military men, who have
shedftheir'bioodfor the good of their country, and
whose means ofsupporl have been cut down to
the lowest possible point, might have been a d
ed by these large stuns? How much misery
might have been alleviated by the money which
das been thrown away in this manner? And
where do they find authority for squandering
millions In foster foreign intrigues?-”
NUMBER 11.
doning, until a better prospect of n durable peace
shall exist, the advantage we have gained as a boJ
.ligerent! We know a great prajority of the
Mexican, people are radically averse to any other
than a republican form of governomn'; but we
know, also, tye pronenness of a people nnmng
whom anarchy reigns triumphant, to seek any
refuge which promises the restoration of tran
quillity and social order.
Mr. President, any attempt hy n European
power to interpose in the affairs of Mexico, cith
er to establish a monarchy, or to maintain, in
the language of M. Guizot,“the equilibrium of
the great political forces in America,” would be
the signal for a war far more important in its
consequences, and inscrulable in its issues, than
this. We could not submit to such interposition
it we would. The public opinion of the coun
try would compel us to resist it. We ore com
mitted hy the most formal declarations, first
made by President Monroe in 1823, and repeat
ed hy the present Chief Magistrate of the ITrii
on. We have protested, in the most s<l>mn
manner, against any further colonization by Eu
ropean powers on this continent. W’e have pro
tested against any interference in the political
cm cerns of the independent states in this hemis
phere. A protest, it is true, does not imply that
the ground it assumes is to be maintained at all
hazards, and if necessary, hy for.g af arm*.
Great Britain protested against the interference
ot France in the affairs ofSpain in 1323; she has
more recently protested against the nbsorp ion of
Cracow bv Austria as a violation of the politi
cal order of Europe, settled at Vienna by the al
lied sovereigns, and against the Montpensier
marriage as a violation oflhe treaty of Utrecht;
hut I do not remember that in either case she
did anything more than to proclaim to the world
her dissent from the acts against which she en
tered her protest. It has always seemed to me
to be unwise in a government to put forth mani
festoes without being prepared to maintain them
by acts, or to make declarations of abstract prin
ciple until the occasion has'’arrived for enforo
ing them. The declarations of a President hav
ing no power to make war without a vote of
Congress, or even to employ the military force of
the country except to defend our own territory,
is very defferent from the protest of a sovereign
holding the issues of peace and war in his own
hands. But the former may not be less effec
tual when they’ are sustained, ass believe these
of Presidents Monroe andPoik are. in respect to
European interference on the American conti.
nent, hy an undivided public opinion, even
though they may not have received a formal res
ponse from Congress. I hold, therefore, if any
such interposition os that to which I have re
ierred should take place, resistance on our part
would inevitably follow, and we should kecomo
involved in controversies, of which no man could
foresee the end.
Before I quit this part of the subject, I desire
to advert to some circumstances recently made
public, and, if true indicating significantly the
extent to which Great Britain is disposed to car
ry her other encroaehmcgts on this continent, as
in every other quarter of the globe. On the
coast of Honduras, in Central America, com
monly called the Musquito coast, there is a tribe
of Indians hearing the same name, numbering
but a few hundred individuals, ar.d inhabiting
some miserable villages in the nt ighlrorhood of
Cape Gracias a Dios, near the fifteenth parallel!
of north latitude. Jaevera! hundred miles south
is the river San Juan, running from Lake Nica
ragua to the Caribbean sea, a space of about
two degrees of longitude, with the town of Ni
caragua at its mouth, and a castle or fort about
midway between the town arid the lake. The
lake is only fifteen leagues from the Pac sic, and
constitutes, with the river San Juan, one of the
proposed lines for a ship canal across the isthmus.
Great Britain has recently la'd claim tothe river
San Juan and the town of Nicaragua, il she has
not actually taken possession of the latter. I
have seen a communication from the British con
sul general at Guatemala, asserting the indepen
dence of the Mosquitos as a nation. I have also
seen a communication from the British consul at
Bluefield, on the Mosquito shore, asserting that
‘the Mosquito flag and nation are under the spe
cial protection of the crown of Great Britain,”
and that “the limits whfoh the B-ilish Govern
ment is deteimined to maintain as the right ofthe
King of the Mosquitos” “comprehend the San
Juan river.” By Arrowsmith’s London Atias,
published in 1840, the Mosquito territory covered
about 40,000 square miles, nearly as large an
area as that of the State of New York; but it did
not extend below the twelfth parallel of latitude,
whiie the river Sun Juan is on the eleventh. I
have seen the protest ol the State of Nicaragua
against the occupation ofthe town of Nicaragua
on the river San Juan, which, as the protest de
clares, has been from time immemorial in hei
quiet and peaceable possession. The state of
San Salvador, one of the Central American re
publics, also unites in the protest, and declares
her determination, if the outrage shall he carried
into effect, to exert her whole power until the
usurper “shaft be driven from the limits of Cen
tral America.”
I understand, forT speak only from information,
that Gre.-t Britain has for some time claimed to
have had the Mosquitos, a mere naked tiibe of
Indians of a few hundred persons, under her pro
lection.* Through her influence they appointed
a king, who was taken to Belize, a British sta
tion on the bay of Yucatan, ,*tnd there crowned.—
It is said, also, that on the decease of the king,
he was found to have bequeathed his dominions
to her Britannic Majesty. It appears to be cer
tain that she has, under this pretence of protection
extended her dominion over an immense surface
in Central America; that the has at least one
vessel of war, the Sun, commanded by an officer
bearing ari English name, “Commander Trotter
of I he Mosquito navy,” as he is sly led in a letter
written by the British consul nt Bluefield, and
that she is still further extending herself, against
the remonstrance of the Central American States.
But states, besides being physically weak,
are distracted by internal feuds; and if the pro
ceedings complained of be not the unauthorized
acts of British agents, which Great Biitain will
disavow, it ishardiy to he expected that a usur
pation, so unjustifiably consummated, will be
abandoned on an appeal to the justice of the
wrong doer. Whether our government should
remain quiescent under this encroachment upon
near and defenceless neighbors, is a question wor
thy ot consideration. Under any circcmstancep,
it seems to me to afford little assurance of non
interference with the affairsof Mexico, if our for
ces were to be withdrawn without a treaty.
There is another consideration whhh ought
not to be overlooked. In July last, Lird George
Bcntinck made a motion for an addies* to her
Biitannic Majrsy, praying her to tike such
measures as she might deem proper to secure
the payment ofthe Spanish government bonds
held by British subjects. Those bonds amount
to about three hundred and eighty millions of
dollars, and on about three hundred and ‘forty
millions no interest whatever has been paid;
and including this debt nearly seven hundred
and thirty millions of dollars are duo to British
subjects by foreign governments —a sum equal
to about one-fifth of her national debt. He
contended, that “by the law of nations, from
* Extract of a letter from the. Supreme Government
of the State of Nicaragua to the Supreme Gov
ernment of the State of San Salvador.
“A tribe with no recognized form ofgovernment,
without civilization, and entirely abandonded to
savage life, is suddenly made use ofby enlighten
ed England for the purpose of planting one of her
eet upon the At antic coast of this State ; or rath
er, for the purpose of taking possession of the
port for communication between Europe, Amer
ica, and Asia, and other important countries af
the point where the grand intcr-cccamc raral is
most practicable.”
‘<im immemorial, it has been held that tho re\
covery of just debts i a lawful cruse ot war. if
the country from tyhich payment i due refu-m
to listen to the claims oi the country to whom
money is owing.” He quoted authorities to show
that the payment of the d* bf, or the ir.teierl
on it, might have been forced Without having re
course o arms, though asserting the right to re
sort to force to compel it. He refemd to ilia
rich colonies of Spain, and especially Cuba, to
show that there was wealth enough in its Annu
al produce anl revenue “to pay the whole dolt
due by Spain to British bond-holders.” He
referred to.lhq naval force w hich Spain posses
sed to show that there would not he “any very
effective resistance,” and that “the most timid
minister” reed not fear it. Having, in the
course ofhis rem arks, called the attention oftlio
Minister of foreign Affairs to the subject, Lord
Palmerston, in responding to his call, entered
into an extended statement in respect to the for
eign debt due to Biitish subjects. He drew a
distinction between transactions by one govern
ment with another, by British subjects with $
foreign government, by British subjects \yith thp
subjects ofanolher governirien',and between debhj
and acts oi injustice ami oppression. This t|is
tinction, however, he treated as matter of ex
pediency and established practice. He assen
ted to tire doctrine laid down by the noble lordj
who made the motion for an address, and ho
said, if it tyere the wise policy of England to lay
down a rule that she would enforce obligations
of this character with the same rigor as those of
a different character, she would have a full anij
fair right, according to the laws of nations, to do
so. And he concluded by saying that England
had r.ot refrained from taking the steps urged
by his noble liicnd, because she was “afraid of
these states, or all of them put together;” thaf if
Was not to be suppossed the British Parliament,
nr the British nation, would long remain patient
under the wrong, aid that they had aoiple pow
ier and means to obtain justice. ‘ *
I pass over the doctrines put forth in
speech of Lord George Bcntinck, and sanction
ed by Lord Palmerston, though I believe it not
perfectly clear that they can be maintained to
the full extent, by an appeal to any well estab
lished principles of international law.
know, sir, that we have sometimes found Biitist),
statesmen, even tho.-e holding places nearest to
the throne, at fault, both in respect to matters of
piihcije and matters of fact, though it is cer
tainly but justice to concede to them the posses
sion of more enlarged views of policy, combing
with greater practical talent and tact, than is of.
ten to be found in the councils of Euroj can sov*.
reigns. I pass over also an offensive allusion
to the failure of two or three of the Slates of
this Union to pay their debts, “as a stain upon
tho national character,” (I use his own liutj
guage,) when it is weft known that the suspen
sion ot payment was teuiporaiy, and from
ruling necessity; that in most instances resump
tion has taken place ; and that, in all, the- most
earnest efforts have been made to resume tho
discharge of their obligations. This imputation
was cast upon us at the moment when our peo
ple, with ons heart, were sending abroad their
agricultural surplus to feed the famished popular
tion of Ireland, not merely in the of com
mercial exchange, but in the form of
in ship-ioad9, public and private. And so far as
the commercial portion is concerned, I believo
our merchants have for months been draining
our banks of specie, to send abroad to meet their
own pecuniary obligations, while for a time at
L ast, they were unable to draw on ihelr debtors
in England lor the proceeds ofthe breadstuff's by
which her subjects hud been fed. But I pass by
all this, and come to the important fact thaf
Mexico was among the indebted foreign States
enumerated in a report, on which the motion of
Lord George Bcntinck was founded. What
the extent of her indebtedness I do not know,
but I understand about seventy millions of dol
lars —and I believe it was but recently that tho
public domain iu California was mortgaged tq
the creditors for a portion of this amount, though
the lien is now said to be discharged.
I appeal to honorable Senators to say, with
these tacts before them—with this public and
official assertion of a principle, which according
to Lord Palmerston, the British government has
only abstained from practically enforcing through
mere considerations of policy—whether, if our
forces were withdrawn from Mexico, and that
country should become a prey to the anarchy
and confusion which lias reigned there so long,
aud which, it renewed, would iu all probability
become universal and hopeless—whether, I say ?
there would not be a temptation too strong to bo
resisted to reduce the pi incipie thus proclaimed
to practice! whether some portion of the Mexi
can territory might not be occupied as a guar
antee lor tho payment ofthe debt due to Brit
ish subject*, and thus another principle be vio
lated, which we are committed to maintain! I
do not mean to say that tais consideration, if it
stood alone, should absolutely control our con
conduct. But as auxiliary to the graver consid
erations to which I have referred, appears to rpq
that it may properly be allowed some weight—
enough, sir perhaps, to turn the scale, if it were
already balanced—though, I think, there i*
sufficient without it to incline us decisively to
the side of continued occupation.
Besides, British subjects have other extensive
pecuniary interest in Mexico: they have largo
comm rcial establishments and heavy invest
ments of capital in the mining districts. If the
polical affairs ol that country should tall into in
extricable confusion, it is not to be supposed that
these great interests will be al andoned by Great
Britain; and yet it is extremely difficult to see
by what interposition on her part they could be
secured without the danger of collision between
her and us.
Mr. President in what I have said in respect
to the danger i foreign interposition, I have nos
relied upon ihe ephemeral opinions of the day,
or on opinions expressed in public journals abroad,
however intimately those journals inav be sup
posed to he connected with governments, as the
organs of the views which it is deemed advisa
ble to throw out, from time to lime, for the public *
corisideiatiori or guidance, I have resorted to no
irrespons hie sources. I have presented opinions
and declarations proclaimed with more or less of
official sanction, and for the most part, with tho
highes*—l mean the declarations of ministers,
speaking for their governments to the popular
body, as the responsible representatives,
ot sovereigns, holding in their own hands the
authority to enforce, or attempt to enforce, what
they proclaim. How far these declarations, ta
ken in connection with the acts referred to,
should influence our conduct, is a question oq
which we may not all agree. Hut it appears tq
me that it would be a great error in statesman
ship to treat them as wholly unworthy of oui
consideration. of our increasing pow
er, commercial rivalry, political interests, all
combine to give them importance It is the pro
vince of a wise forecast to provide, as far as pos
sible, that these adverse influences shall find nq
theatre for their exercisp. To abandon Mexico
would, it seems to me, throw wide open ai|
the a\enuesfor their admittance—one powerfos
commercial monopoly, and the other for
control—and perhaps impoqc on us the difficult
and dangerous task of removing evils which 9
proper vigilance might have prevented,
It may be. Mr. President, that we shall hava
an early peace. I sincerely hp.pe so. Jq this
case, we must withdraw from Mexico; and i|
may perhaps he said that the dangers I have re
ferred to as likely so result from our absence at
the present moment may possibly lie realized*
These dangers, whatever they may lie, we must
incur whenever 6he shall tender us a peace,
which we ought to accept* But there is a widq
difference between retiring as belligerents and
enemies without a treat}’, and as friends under
an amicable arrangement, with solemn obliga
tions on both sides to keep the peace. In the
former ca‘ e, probably one of the first acts of Mex
ico would he to reassembly her army, and her
government might fall under the control of her
military leaders. In the latter, amicable rela- •
lions being restored, and military forces being*
unnessary, at least to act against us, the peace
party woulJ hsve better hopes of maintaining
themselves, of preventing the army, which is
now regarded as responsible for the national di
sasters, from gaining the ascepdepcy, and also of
excluding influences from, abroad,, which would
be hostile to her interests and fatal to tbo com
mon tmtiquillity of lifltli countrips.
In the m lerences J have made to France and
Grout Britain, I have beep actuated no fcejt