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JOHN FORSYTH—EDITOR.
j Hi T* NHLES &R* ELLIS)
Proprietors and Publishers,
tms Time* ia published every Tuesday Morning
,v c buildies known as “ Winter’s Exchange,”
T l< side of Broad street, above Randolph, up
. gjmediately in the rear of the Post-Office.
’ tI-K'l' —Three Dollars per annum, payable
jjraMt* for new subscriptions.
- v . pape r will he discontinued while any arrear
•.re dse, unless at the option of the proprietors,
*'*, -piree Hollar* and a Half, will in all roses
* , c :ed where payment is not made before the
** , . of the subscription year.
’ t.ii-ert'seinclits conspicuously inserted at One
isdiar per square, for the first insertion, and
* U _(YatS for every subsequent continuance.
r til tdvcrtisetutnl* ***nt to us without specify
, .I.."lumber of insertions desired, will be enn
‘ V,i ns til ordered out, and charged aceordi ngly.
’ . tdterli'Cfucnts published at the usual
r id with strict attention to the requisitions of
’ MterifU* ‘“ales under regular executions, must
, -. ted ritirly Days; under mortgage fi fas,
>i\tv-D*' > before the day of sale.
ales of Land and Negroes, by Executors, Ad
a .triton or Guardians, for Sixty—Days before
tae dar of sale.
“*a‘..-’ of personal property (except negroes) For
’ V l'alions by Clerks of Courts of Ordinary,upon
•nalicatioa for letters of administration are to be
fished for Thirty Days.
“ citatioHs upon application for dismission, by
CirC jton, Administrators, or Guardians, monthly
f.r dix Mnnh.
Orders of Courts of Ordinary, (accompanied
vth a copy of the bond, or agreement) to make
. ,v to land, mt be published Three Mouths,
Notices by Executors or Administrators or Guar
.■ , a . of application to the Court of Ordinary for
i-areto ee.i the Land or Negroes of an estate, Four
Months, .... ,
Notices by Executors or Administrators, to the
n sto. aod Creditors of an estate, foi Six IVeeks.
■■■■> Letters to the proprietors on business must
be poi! paid, to entitle them to attention.
MERCANTILE.
“mlwliT
BH3KAW& CLEMONS,
ft RF now receiving a desirable assortment of
A LADIES DRESS GOODS,
eoasistms of French, Jaconet, Organdie, and
nc.dch Muslin*. Grenadine and Tissue !*ilks,
Plain Glasso Foulards, Fancy color’d. Silk
ltare"c. I'.mliroidered Muslins, Sup. French
aod scotch Ginghams, Linen and Silk do;
cotton Grenadines, dec.
Together with a lot of MOURNING Silk and
worsted Bareges, Tissue Silks, plain and figured
ach Lawns and Muslins, Dress Hdkfs., Grena
dine. and Crape Shawls, &c. *■
BROKAW b CLEMONS.
MasS. 1343 20—Si
PANAMA AND LEGHORN IIATS.
ft Large lot, just received, by
\ BROKAW & CLEMONS.
“ Mss 9. ISM. 20—8 t
JUST RECEIVED.
fNRENUH Cloths and Caasinteres. Silk and
1 Satin; Vestings; plain ami Ri‘>M Linen Dril-
Uiew- Silk Worp Italian Cloths; Cashmnretts,
Ac' Ac. BROKAW & CLEMONS.
Mss 9. ISIS 20—8 t
CHEAP DRY GOODS.
r|'lE Sotoribrrc are offrrine their storlt of
A * r>- r * *•->. V; rj^, 3
at VERY LOW PRICES FOR CASH —Consisting
in nvrt.of the usual assortment —Printed Muslins,
Silk Tissues and Grenadines ; Jackonel's ; Glores
and Hosiery—Ulcac'ied and unbleached Shirtings
asd Sneering’* from 3-4 to 12-4 wide.
Ateo,
A large stock of Fine an.l Extra Fine BRO.ID
CLOTH*, CASSIHERES, RRAP I)c ETE,
LINEN DRILL*. Ac. Ac.
3.000 Yards of Light and Dark Prints, at New-
Nork Cost and larss—from 6 to 11 cts. per yard
for CASH. MYC.ATT b HODGES.
May 9, ISIS 20—ts
smr WD®>3
GEORGE A. NORRIS,
HIS Jut rrreivrtl hit entire pnrrhasc of
Spnag and summer goods, making a very
large Stock, embracing every variety of Fancy
sad Staple Dry Goods, please call and see, our
prices and then decide w here the cheap goods are.
April 25, IMS.
KKW HONXET4.
JI'ST rprriviil,* large awortmvit, for salp l>V
Af it 25 GEORGE A. XORRtS.
summer ii %ts.
JI'ST received a large Strrk of Pnnanea Leg
horn Pedaland P. Leaf Main tor sale lv
April *5 GEORGE A NORRIS.
IMIIJW ROOIK
OCR Mulins. Ginghams, I'arreges, Lawns &c.
are worthy of all consideration.
April 25 GEORGE A. NORRIS.
run\i; Ewimi.
J. H. MERRY,
Ra. 3, Warren's Arcade,
A fete doors above the Post Office.
IS SOW RECEIVING 1 Fill SUPPLY OF
READY-MADE CLOTHING,
of every variety of style and fashion—and made in
the (rest manner.
Also—Cravats, Scarfs, Socks, Gloves, Suspenders
Hosiery, Shirts of every description ; HATS, CAPS,
Silk and Cotton Umbrellas, &c. &c,
R3r These Goods will positively be sold at a very
*M 11.1. PROMT, for Cash.
Colnmlms, Mrv 2, IS4B 19 —3m.
WOODRUFF YWHITTELSEY,
1 [ l\£ juat rrerirrd on additional supply of
1 1 SPRING AND SUMMER GOODS,
amons which can be found Shawls, bonnets and
Bonnet Ril*l.ms, Ginghams, Muslins, Calicoes, &c.
A iso a good as ortniont of PANAMA and .1. ICG
HORN 11 ATS. all of which they will sell very
low for rash or approved credit.
\V. & \V. have a few patterns of very fine B.ircg
ee. which they will sell tor about lta/f Price, ratti
er than keep them over. LADILf call and see.
April 25. IMS. 18—ts
HIV SPRINS AND SUMMER
DRY-GOODS AND CLOTHING.
r PU inburibm having jnst r tnrnrd from
I New-York, would politely call the attention of
the ladies to their new stock of French, English and
American Prints, French Lawns, Ginghams, Jaco
aett Moualias, Cambrics, Swiss, Mull and Book
Mouslias, Bishop Lawns, Shawls, Scarfs, Neck Ties,
LiaeaCambric Handkerchiefs, all kinds of Hosiery,
a tpleadid assortment of fashionable Bonnets and
Rihboas, and uumerous other articles, which for
cheapness of price, and richness of style, caunot be
surpassed in the city. Please call, we will be glad
tt> show- our Goods, and then judge for yourself.
We have also a good assortment of Ready Made
Clothing, such as Coats, Vests, Pants, anu anew
style of Hemstithed Linen Bosom shirts, Drawers,
Ac., Panama and Leghorn Hats, Boots and Shoes,
all of which we offer at very low prices, but to sat
isfy vourseif. please to call at
E. & B. MENDHEIM’S
New-York Dry Goods and Clothing Store, four
doors above Messrs. Wade & Middiebrook's Saudlc
rv Store.
April 25, 1848. IS—2m
GROCERY AND STAPLE
J. 11. II KOOKS,
1 $ cow opriing at his new Store on West side
J Bnoad street, three doors below Hill, Dawson
St Cos., a
Well Selected Stork of Goods,
to which be invites the attention of his friends, and
former customers.
Ho will also give liberal p.ices for COTTON and
COLXTRY PRODUCE.
IT It. B.—Those indebted to the late firm of J.
hJ. Brooks, are requested to call and liquidate
their accounts, which are in the hands oftbc under
■ifoed. J. B. BROOKS.
December 28. 1547. I—ts
UFECANBE PROLONGED!!
OLD AGE PUT OFF!
AKP MAPS DAYS I* HEALTH EX-
TkkBLD TO OSE HUNDRED YEARS !
HEW AND VALUABLE WORK.
SIX Itttnrfs on the nsrs of the Lnnss: tans
es, prevention, and cure of PULMONARY
CONSU MPTION, ASTHMA, (or Phthisic,) and dis
eases of the Heart; on the laws of Longevity ; and
on the mode of preserving Male and Female'health
*oaa hundred years.—2S Engravings—324 pages.
By NAHCEL SELDOY FITCH, A. M., >L D.
Just received and far sale by
TARBOX It MARBLE.
May 19, 1848. .
~~ ICE! ICE!!
IIUIXG obtained onr uinal qnantity for the
-i. aeaaen, the bouse has ne * opened.—Being
Msirooa of serving our customers at the lowest pm
"hie rates, la order to place it within the reach of
•very family, until farther notice we shall sell at 2|
‘■**- per lb. For the accommodation of Families J
bo hawks trust to rervsats, Tickets can he ob- f
*'**• V. H. CADY, for Propnetoia.
VOLUME VIII j
BOOTS, SHOES LEATHER, &C.
At Prime Cost.
rptlE Subscriber having determined so discon
finite his present business in Columbus Will
sell off his stork on hand, consisting of alt articles
usually found in a Shoe Store,
, AT PD&iaflDß COST.
The stock is new, having been mostly purchased
within the last six months, and is well worth the
at tent tori of merchants and others, wishing to pur
chase by the quantity.
1 hare a good assortment of LASTS, PEGS,
ana other Shoemaker's Findings, to which the at
tention of those engaged in the manufacture of
shoes is particularly invited.
ERASTUS REED.
June 20. 1848 26—ts
REMOVAL
TERRY i COULD®,
niVE REMOVED TO THE STORE BETWEEN
MULFORD’S
AND
POND & WILLCQX,
West side Broad-Street.
June 20, 1848. 26—-ts
MADDEN& ADAMS,
TTAVE removed their Marble Works to the
-■ A East side ol'Broad-st. near the Market-House,
where they will keep constantly on hand a choice
selection of
ITALIAN AND AMERICAN MARBLE,
Grave Stones, Monuments, Tab
let*, Tombs, &c.,
And solicit a continuance of public patronage.
They are determined to sell at a small advance on
New York prices, and lower than any establishment
in this part of the country. ALL ORDERS from
the Country attended to, the same as it* ordered in
person.
SKT ENGRAVING and CARVING done in the
best manner. PLASTER of PARIS and ROMAA
CEMEA'T, always on hand, for sale.
April 11, IMS. IG—tlj
STATE LUNATIC AhVLUI,
(Near Milledgeville.)
.Tune Ist. 1848.
EXTRACT FROM THE RULES &c.
1. No citizen of this State will be received as an
inmate or patient unless regularly committed accor
ding to the forms of the law of the State, in relation
to such cases.
2. The friends of pay-patiants shall in all cases
be required to pay in advance, one hundred dollars
per annum board, and supply all necessary person
al clothing, and will be liable to no other charge
except in the case ol violent and destructive patients,
whose friends will he required to pay for all articles
belonging to the Institution, which they may won
tonly destroy, and in the event of elopement they
will be charged with all expenses incurred in their
recovery, while every precaution consistent with
their restoration will be taken to prevent all such
occurrences.
3. An account will be kept with each pay-patient,
and when the amount deposited has been so nearly
exhausted as to leave an amount sufficient only to
pay board for one month, and pay the expense ol
the patient’s return to tin ir home, the Superintent
shall give notice of the fact to his or her friends,
and if the depositc is not renewed within that pe
riod, hc a shail at its expiration, discharge (he patient.
4. The friends of any patient not resident in this
State, will be required in all cases to execute a bond
with satisfactory security, for the payment of board
and all expenditures incurred on account ol such
patient, during bis or her stay in the institution.
f). It will be absolutely required, that all pauper
patients brought to ‘.lie institution, shall have on
their reception at least two entire suits of clothing,
in good condition.
6. No patient laboring under any form of conta
gious disease will be admitted to the Institution.
The above extract from the rules of the Asylum,
is published under the direction of the board of
trustees, to secure regular conformity to their re
quirements, and prevent trouble to those who may
send their friends to the Institution.
Clerks of the Inferior Court will materially sub
serve the public convenience by cutting this out and
pasting it up in their offices, where it may be seen
by all persons applying to the Court for the com
mitment of any individual.
THOMAS F. GREEN.
Sup’t. and Resident Physician.
June 13, 1848. ‘ 25—3 t
COLUMBUS IRON FGBNBERY.
On the River Rank near the Br.dge.
keep on hand and are prepared to make
I? to order promptly,
GIN GEAR, PLOUGH POINTS,
and Ploughs of every description ; Anti-Friction
Plate* and Balls, and puliies for Cotton Presses.
We have ail extensive assortment of excellent
Mil.l. GEAR, patterns, and are prepared to
afford this species of work as cheap as it can be
procured from the northern markets.
One cent per pound paid for old t'at Iron.
JOSEPH COLWELL & Cos.
Columbus, Ga. Feb. 29, 1848. 10 —ly
COLUMBUS
COTTON DIN MANUFACTORY.
TIIE Subscribers have removed their COTTON
GIN MANUFACTORY Irom Girard, Ala., to
the city of Columbus, and respectfully inform their
customers and the public tnat they are prepared to
furnish their
IMPROVED COTTON GINS
on the most reasonable terms.
Their establishment is equal, if not superior to
any in the United Stales, and is furnished with an
abundance of the best materials to supply any num
ber of Gins which may be ordered.
They have the exclusive right of using Babbets
celebrated Metal, for Boxing, and expect to use it
in all of their Gins. This will prevent the possi
bility of any accident occurring from friction of the
Brush or Saw Cylinder.
by Mail, or given to any of our Agents,
will receive prompt attention, and all work done at
their establishment warranted to give satisfaction.
E. T. TAYLOR & CO.
April 18, IS4S. 17— ly
NOTH E
RUN, RUN. RIJN HERE, EVERYBODY.
<\ STRAYED from my plantation in the
JSjjSJv Slli district of Randolph county, Ga.
on the I 4th u't. tw, bay MAKE MULES.
One is a Jargfe mule, and upon close examination,
will be found to hare only one good eve ; tne other
is a small animal. I will give a liberal reward to
have them stopped, with information of the same,
or delivered at my residence, 4 miles above George
town. JAMES B. SMITH.
Miv 30, 284S 23—it
RIVEII LAND FOR SALE.
A PLANTATION only four milts, ovrr a good
Road, from Columbus, comprising Three
Hundred acres of first rate River Lam?, now in cul
tivation, adjoining and similar to “ Woolfolk’s
Famous Bend.” More Land adjacent of the same
kind can be purchased if desired. Good Cribs, O
verseer’s and Gin Houses, a large Barn, Screw, and
sufficient Negro Houses, together with a Well of
excellent Water, and several fine springs are on the
place. The purchaser can be supplied with Corn
and Fttdder for the coming year. Visitors will be
showu over the place by my Overseer or self. Call
and examine. JOS. W. WOOLFOLK.
June 20, 1848. 26—tlj
FOR SALE.
THE subscribers having determined to remove
West, now offer for sale their valuable plan
tation, containing 650 acres, situated in Barbour
county, Ala., on the road leading from Columbus,
Ga. to Clayton, Ala., and sixteen miles from the
terminus of the Union Springs and Notorsulga Rail-
Road, (which, as the entire Stock has been taken,
will soon be completed,) and twenty miles from Eu
faula. On this plantation arc 300 acres cleared land,
mostly fresh ; a good two story dwelling with all
necessary out-houses; anew and excellent gin
house and screw, with a well of fine water in the
yard, as well as plenty of running water in the fields.
Titles indisputable. The above premises will be
sold at £4 50 per acre, payable firs: of November
uext. or at $5, halfat time above specified, balance
twelve mouths thereafter. Address,
D. W. HARRIS,
Cusseta, Alabama,
fit 6. KEENER,
Mt. Andrew, Barbour co., Ala.
April 11, 184?. 19 —eoygf
■ — 1 .■. — — - 1 ==——^ ■ ■ —-—-——- 1
POETRY.
From the United Irishmen.
IRISH NATIONAL HYMN.
BY JAMES CLABEKCE MASGAH.
O! Ibelaitd ! Ancient Ireland !
Ancient! yet forever young I
Thou, our mother, home and sireland—
Thou at length hast found a tongue—
Proudly thou, at length,
Resistest in triumphant strength.
Thy flag of freedom floats unfurled;
And, as that mighty God existeth,
Who giveth victory when and where He listeth,
Thou yet shall wake and shake the nations of the
world.
For this dull world still slumbers,
Weetless of its wants or loves,
Though, like Galileo, numbers
Cry aloud, “ It moves ! it moves!”
In a midnight dream,
Drifts it down Time’s wreckful stream —
All march, but few descry the goal,
, O! Ireland! be it thy high duty
To teach the world the might of moral Beauty,
And stamp God’s image truly on the struggling soul.
Strong in thy self-reliance,
Not in idle threat or boast,
Hast thou hurled thy fierce defiance
At the haughty Saxon host—
Thou hast claimed, in sight
Os high Heaven, thy long-lost right.
Upon the hills—along thy plains—
In the green bosom of thy valleys,
The new-born soul of Holy Freedom rallies,
And calls on thee to trample down in dust thy chains.
Deep, saith the Eastern story,
Burns in Iran’s mines a gem,
For its dazzling hues and glory
Worth a Sultan’s diadem.
But fiom human eyes
Hidden there it ever lies !
The aye-traveling Gnomes alone,
Who toil to form the mountain’s treasure,
May gaze and gloat with pleasure without mea
sure
Upon the lustrous beauty of that wonder-stone.
So is it with a nation
Which would win for its rich dower
That bright pearl, Sell-Liberatiou —
It must labor hour by hour.
Strangers, who travail
To lay bare the gem shall fail ;
Within itself must grow, must glow—
Within the depths of its own bosom
Must flower in living might, must broadly
blossom,
The hopes that shall be born ’ere Freedom’s Tree
can blow.
Go on then, all rejoiceful !
. March on thy career unbowed !
Ireland ! let thy noble, voiceful
Spirit cry to God aloud !
Man will bid thee speed—
God will aid thee in thy need—
The Time, the Hour, the Power are near—
Be sure thou soon sbalt form the vanguard
Os that illustrious band whom Heaven and Man
guard;
And these words come from one whom some have
called a Seer.
POLITICAL.
From the Washington Union.
GEN. LEWIS CASS.
SKETCH OF HIS LIFE AND PUBLIC SERVICES.
Lewis Cass was born atExeter, in Nejv
Hampshire, on the 9th day of October,
1782. His father, Major Jonathan Cass,
was a soldier of the revolution, who enlis
ted as a private the day after the battle of
Lexington. Ho served in the army till
the close of the war, and was in ail the im
portant battles in the eastern and middle
States, where he was distinguished for his
valor and good conduct and attained the
rank of captain. He was afterwards a ma
jor in Wayne’s army, and died at an ad
vanced age, after a life of usefulness and
honor, at his residence, near Dresden, in
Muskingum county, Ohio. His son, Lew
is Cass, the object of this biography, emi
grated, at the age of seventeen, to the then
northwestern territory, and settled first at
Marietta, in the county of Washington.—
He was thus, as he was recently called by
the convention of Ohio, one of the “early
pioneers” of that immense western region,
which has already risen to such a magni
tude in our own days, and is destined to
attain one so much greater hereafter. The
country north of the Ohio then contained
one Territory and about twenty thousand
people.
Mr. Cass bore his full share in the toils,
privations, anti dangers to which the de
fence cf anew country, and its conversion
from a primitive forest to the happy abodes
of civilized man, are necessarily exposed.
He read law at Marietta, and was admit
ted to the bar before the close of the terri
torial government. He commenced the
practice, and, as was the custom then, vis
ited the courts in a large district of country,
travelling on horseback, and encountering
many difficulties unknown to the members
of the bar at the present day.
In 180(5, he was elected a member of
the legislature ofOhio, and during the ses
sion he took his part in the business of file
day. He draughted the law which arres
ted the traitorous designs of Burr, and in
troduced an address to Mr. Jefferson, which
was unanimously adopted, expressing the
attachment of the people of Ohio to the
constitution of the United States, and their
confidence in that illustrious man. In
March, 1807, he was appointed, by Mr.
Jefferson, marshal of Ohio. In the execu
tion of the duties of that office, in the busi
ness of his profession, and in the occupa
tion of a farm in Muskingum county, where
he resided, he passed his time until 1812.
Then our difficulties with England assum
ed a portentous aspect. Her multiplied
aggressions left us no recourse but war ;
and the statesmen of the day prepared for
it with firmness. As one of the preparato
ry arrangements, it was determined to
march a considerable force to the northwes
tern frontier, to be read}’ for offensive meas
urers, as circumstances might render it ne
cessary. The command was given to Gen.
Hull; and a regiment of regular troops,
which had fought with credit-at Tippeca
noe, was assigned to him. To this were
to be added three regiments of Ohio volun
teers. As soon as this demand upon their
patriotism was known, the citizens of that
State hastened to the call of their country,
and the force was raised without delay or
difficulty. Mr. Cass was among the vol
unteers, and was elected to the command
of the third regiment. He proceeded im
mediately with his regiment to Dayton,
where the army was concentrated, and
whence it commenced its march for Detroit.
The country was a trackless forest, and
much of it was low and wet. Great diffi
culties were interposed to the advance of
the troops b'y the streams and marshes, and
by the necessity cf cutting a road. But
these were overcome with the usual good
will and “perseverance of the American sol
diers. The army reached Detroit on the
4th of July, 1812.
Official information that war would be
declared, overtook them in the wilderness;
but the declaration itself was not received
until they readied Detroit. Col. Cass wtis
perhaps for an invasion ofCan-.
ada than any officer in Hull’s army. He
was decidedly in favor cf making an earltj
and decisive movement, before the British
should be prepared iorthe We
conceive it to be no disparagemenrto any
one to say that he was the master-spirit of
that army until the affair at the Canards ;
after which, it is known, he disapproved of
every step taken by the commanding gen
eral. There can now be no doubt that
Hull s army never would have entered Can
ada but for the per&aasuare of Col, Cass, j
“THE UNION OF THE STATES AND THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE STATES.”
COLUMBUS, GEORGIA, TUESDAY MORNING, JUNE 27, 1948.
So anxious was he to push forward and do
something to meet the just expectations cf
the administration and the country, that he
commanded the advanced detachment, and
was the first man to land in arms in the
enemy's country.
On the loth of July he was ordered to
attack a British detachment stationed at
the river Aux Canards, about fifteen miles
from Fort Malden, then the British head
quarters. He crossed the river some dis
tance above the enemy’s post, and briskly
attacked them; when,aftersome loss, they
fled. Here was spilt the first blood during
the last war. Colonel Cass took posses
sion of the abandoned position, and imme
diately despatched a messenger to General
Hull, informing him of his success, and
advising him to march immediately to Fort
Malden—the road to which was opened.
Had this been done, success must have
crowned the operation, and the war, in that
quarter, would have been over. He was
however, sadly disappointed by the inde
cision of Hull, who ordered him to return
and join the army. From this moment
bad counsels prevailed, the army lost all
confidence in Hull, and he proceeded in
his own course, regardless of the advice or
remonstrance of his officers. About three
weeks after the affairs at the Canards, the
whole army was ordered across the river
to Detroit; in which time, had Colonel
Cass’s advice been taken, Malden might
have been reduced, and a secure lodgment
made ip Upper Canada. The order of
Hull to return was not less unexpected to
the army than was the disgraceful surren
der at Detroit, without a shot being fired,
overwhelming to the country.
On entering Canada, General Hull dis
tributed a proclamation among the inhab
itants, which, for the eloquence and high
spirit that it contained, cannot be surpassed
but it was sadly in contrast with the fulfil
ment of its professions. Unfortunately for
the country, the author of the proclamation,
Colonel Cass, was not the commander of the
army. Had he been soothe country would
have been saved the mortification of behol
ding the descent from the promise to the
fulfilment. As it was, he used every Exer
tion to arouse in the commanding general
that spirit of patriotism which breathes in
every line of the admirable paper, hut in
vain. A spirit of infatuation, or something
worse, seized upon Hull, and led him cn
from one false step to another, until the
crowning act, the surrender of Detroit, with
out firing a gun, campleted his own ruin,
and brought disgrace upon the arms of his
country. It is well known to the country
that both Colonel Cass and Colonel McAr
thur were detached from Detroit previous
to the surrender, ostensibly for provisions,
but, in fact, because they were unwelcome
consellors at headquarters. Stung with
mortification on hearing of the surrender,
Colonel Cass, when ordered to deliver up
his sword, indignantly shivered it in pieces,
and threw it to the earth, refusing to sur
render it to the enemy.
After the surrender of Detroit, Colonel
Cass repaired to Washington, to report to
the government the whole circumstances
attending the expedition. He was exchan
ged during the winter, and in the spring
was appointed a brigadier general. Short
ly after this, he joined General Harrison
at Seneca, where the army was collecting,
destined to recover the territory of Michi
gan, and to take possession of the western
district of Upper Canada. The prepara
tory arrangements being completed, and
the lake being open to a transportation of
our troops by the victory of Perry, Gen.
Harrison commenced his movement in Sep
tember, 1813, and embarked his troops at
the mouth of Portage river, whence they
moved, and were concentrated at Put-in
bay. From here they sailed to the Wes
tern Sister, a small island off the coast of
Canada, where beingall collected, the final
arrangements were made. The debarca
tion was superintended and directed by
General Cass, of the army, and Captain
Elliott, of the navy; and the troops landed
in perfect order, expecting to meet a formi
dable resistauce. But the enemy had fled
after destroying the public buildings at
Amherstburg and Detroit, and were in full
retreat for Lake Ontario. The American
army immediately commenced the pursuit
and after capturing two small detachments,
which offered some resistance in favorable
positions, overtook the enemy at the Mora
vian towns on the river Thames, about
eighty miles from Detroit. The British
general (Proctor) proved himself unequal to
{ his command. Having seme daj’s the
start, if he designed to escape, he should
have pushed his retreat as rapidly as pos
sible. £ut he moved slowly, encumbered
with much unnecessary baggage, and find
ing the American army closing upon him,
he prepared for battle. The ground he
chose was heavily covered with trees, and
his left rested upon the river Thames, while
his right extended into the woods, termina
ting in a marsh. This flank was occupied
by the Indians, who it was intended should
turn the American left wing and attain the
rear. The army moved so rapidly that
many of the troops were left behind, and a
small portion only of Gen. Cass’s command
was in the battle; they were stationed im
mediately in front cf the enemy’s artillery,
which commanded the road, with directions
to charge upon it as soon as the action com
menced. Gen. Cass volunteered his servi
ves, together with Commodore Perry, to
assist Gen. Harrison; and at the moment of
the charge of Colonel Johnson’s regiment,
which decided the fate of the day, General
Cass took a position with the right wing cf
it, commanded by Lieut. Colonel Johnson,
and accompanied it in its charge upon the
British line. It was a dangerous experi
ment to charge upon the British line. It
was a dangerous experiment to charge a
line of disciplined British soldiers by undis
ciplined mounted Americans; but valor sup
plied the place of disciplined; and, notwith
standing the resistance, that brave regiment
broke through the-line, and instantly the
enemy was thrown into confusion, and threw
down their arms, happy to escape with their
fixes. The British general, Proctor, fled
almost at the commencement of the action,
and was pursued by General Cass, with a
detachment, for some miles, but could not
be overtaken.
It is well known, that in this important
battle General Cass bore a prominent part,
fully sharing in the exposure and dangers
of the conflict. An eye-witness, writing
some twelve years since, says:
“In the Autumn of 1813,1 well recollect Gen
eral Gass, of the North-western Army, commanded
by Harrison and Shelby. He was conspicuous at
the lauding of the troops upon the Canada shore,
below Malden, on the 2?tb of September, anil con
spicuous at the battle iff the Thames, as the volun
teer aid of the commanding general. I saw him in
the miu-t of the battle, in the deep woods upon the
banks of the Thames, during the roar and -langor
of fire-arms, and savage yells of the enemy. Then
I was a green youth of seventeen, and a volunteer
from Kentucky.”
General Harrison,_in his report of the
battle of the Thames, dated October 9,1813,
says: .
“I have already stated, that General Cass and
Commodore Parry assisted me is forming the troops
lor tj)c ectioa Tbc former is %u officer of the
highest promise, and the appearance ol the brave
Commodore cheered and animated every breast.”
The battle of the Thames terminated the
Northwestern campaign, and put an end to
the war in that quarter, but not to the diffi
culties or importance of the command.—
The United States being once more in the
possession of the Territory of Michigan,
and of the province cf Upper Canada, Gen.
Cass was assigned, temporarily, the com
mand of the district, and General Harrison
withdrew with his army. On the 9th cf
October, 1813, he was appointed by Pres
ident Madison governor of Michigan, at that
time one of the most important civil offices
within the gift of the Executive. He was
the civil as well as military governor of a
large territory, having many hundred miles
of exposed frontier, filled and almost sur
rounded with numerous tribes of hostile In
dians, in the pay of the British government,
and constantly excited to acts of hostility by
British agents.
Asa the defenceless state of the
country, it may he mentioned, that incur
sions were made by the Indians, and some
persons made prisoners, and others killed
within sight of the town of Detroit, and
three expeditions cf mounted militia hastily
collected, were led by Governor Cass in
pursuit of the Indians, and some cf thpm
were killed within hearing cf the town.
A single incident will show the nature
of these excursions in the forests in pursuit
of the Indians. General Cass’s servant,
who rode immediately in his rear, had a
personal recontre with an Indian, who star
ted from behind a tree, and having dis
charged his rifle, attacked him with the
but-end, and was killed after a short con
flict.
But peace came to put an end to this
state of things. The executive power of
the Territory was almost unlimited, and
the legislative power was in the hands of
the governor and judges until 1819. That
Governor Cass performed well, his high
important and* delicate duties, the whole
body of the people of Michigan will hear
us witness; and the fact of his having been
seven times nominated by four Successive-
Presidents, and seven times confirmed by the
Senate, without a single vote agairist him
in that body, or a single representation
against him from the people over whom he
presided—a state of things unexampled in
the history of our territorial governments
—is a sufficient proof of the wisdom of his
administration.
In the discharge of his duties as Superin
tendent of Indian Affairs, Governor Cass
was called upon to enter into many nego
tiations with tl|e Indian tribes,* and often
under circumstances of great perii and res
ponsibility. # IIe formed t\ve;)ty-one trea
ties with them, and extinguished their ti
tle to nearly one hundred millions of acres
of land—avast domain acquired for the
United States, hut upon terms so just and
satisfactory to the Indians, that no com
plaint was ever made by them upon the
subject.
There are two aerdents connected with
the formation of these treaties, which
strongly illustrate Governor Cass’s judgr
ment and decision of character. In the
expedition of 1820, it became bis duty
to inform the Indians at Sault de Ste. Ma
rie of the intention of our government to
establish a military post there, and to fix
upon the site for the same. The chief of
the tribe was openly opposed to the United
States, and in the pay of the British govern
ment. In consequence of this, they heard
the intention of Governor Cass with appar
ent ill-will, and broke up the councils,
with the most hostile feeling. On return
ing to their encampment, they removed
their women and children into Canada;
and having prepared themselves forbattle,
raised the British, flag, as a token of de
fiance. Governor Cass had hut a small
detachment of soldiers with him, while the
Indians numbered eight hundred warriors.
Unaccompanied, except by his interpreter,
he advanced directly into their midst, and
with his own hands pulled down the flag,
trampled it under his feet, and afterwards
burned it, ordering the interpreter to in
form the Indians that “they were within
the jurisdiction of the United States, and
that no other flag than theirs could be per
mitted to wave over it.” The moral influ
ence of this bold act had the desired effect:
the Indians returned the next day to the
council, and the treaty was concluded,
without any further threats or insults. On
arriving at Green bay, in 1827, for the pur
pose of forming a trdaty, Governor Cass
found that the Winnelago Indians had not
yet come in ; and as the object of the trea
ty -Was to settle difficulties among some of
the tribes, the non-appearance of the Win
nebagees was an evidence of their desire
for war rather than peace. He immediate
ly re-embarked cn board his birch conce,
for their camping ground, to prevent any
hostilities, and to bring them to the treat}’
ground. He rapidly pursued his voyage
up the Fox river, across the portage, and
down the Wisconsin, to the place cl en
campment Taking with him only his in
terpreter, he went up to the encampment,
where he found them in warlike mood, and
determinated not to treat.—Threats and
entreaties were alike unavailing with this
exasperated tribe. He left them, and re
turned to his canoe. As he turned to go
to the river, a young warrior raised his
gun, and taking deliberate aim at him, pul
led the trigger; but providentially, the gun
missed fire. This is the only instance of
violence ever offered to him during the
long period of his intercourse with the In
dians. He proceeded immediately to Pai
rie du Chien, where he organized the in
habitants, and place them iri a condition ol
defence, and returned to the? treaty gfound.
By his'prompt and energetic movements
he prevented extensive hostilities, the end
of which no man could know.
In 18511, Gen. Gass was called by Gen.
Jackson to take charge of the W&r Depart
ment, and his removal from Michigan Ter
ritory was marked by a universal expres
sion of regret. H;s colleagues in the cabi
net were Mr. Livingston, Mr. McLane,
Mr. Woodbury, and Mr. Taney—men
who possessed the confidence of the Presi
dent, and soon acquired that of the country.
The characteristic traits of Gen. Jackson’s
administration have now passed into histo
ry. It was bold, prompt, honest, and na
tional. It sought no dangerous construc
tive powers, and it endeavored carefully
to exercise those of which it was the trus
tee, for the American confederation. The
great questions of the bank, of the removal
of the deposites, of nullification, of the
French indemnity, and of the Creek and
Cherokee of which involv
ed delicate points connected with State
rights-occupied its attention, and were ail
happily disposed of.—Few, if any. now cell
in question the wisdom of Gen. Jackson’s
course upon these important subjects,
though it-is difficult now to realize the in
tense apxiety. They excited, and the inp,
mentous consequences which hung upon
their decision. So far as the War Depala
ment necessarily took any immediate course
in these questions, it was prompt,and energe
tic,and met with theajjprobationo£th&coun
try. At the por?cm:cus periodjg^iiih-j
cation, the military orders were firm, but
discrecf, and it appeared by a message
from the President, in answer to call upon
that suhjecCthat no order hadheen at any
lime given to “resist the constituted authori
ties of the State of South Carolina , within
the chartered limits of said Slate.” The
ordes to Gen. Scott informed him that,
“ should , unfortunately, a crisis arise when
the ordinary power in the hands of the ci
vil officers should not be sufficient for the
execution of the laws, the President would
determine the course to be taken ; arid the
measures to be adopted: till then he was
prohibited from acting.”
The same caution riiarked the order to
the troops when there seemed to be dan
ger of a collision with the authorites of Ala
bama, arising out of occurrences upon the
laqds of the IT. States in that State. In proof
of this, we. quote the following extract of a
letter from the War Department, writen
by Governor Cass to Major Mclntosh, and
dated October 28, 1833:
‘•Sir.: Your letter of the 21st instant to Major
General Macomb has been laid before me; and, in
answer, I to inform you that you will inler
•pose no obstacle to the service of legal process upon
any officer or soldier underyour command, wheiher
issuing from the courts of the State of Alabama, or
of ihe United States, On the contrary, you will
give all necessary facilities to thcexecution of such
process. It is Hot the intention of the President
that any part l uf Ihe military force of the United
States should be brought into collision with the ci
vil authority. In all questions of jurisdiction, it is
the duty of the tormer to submit to the Mtter, and
no consideration must interfere with that duty. If,
therefore, an officer of the Stole, orcHlie United
Slates, come with lc<?al progress against yoursc’f,
or an officer or soldier of your garrison, you will
freely admit him within your post, and allow him
to execute his writ undisturbed.”
In 1836, General C'&ss was appointed
minister to France, and immediately re
signed his post as Secretary of war. On
retiring from the department, he received
a letter from General Jackson expressing
warm personal feelings towards him, and
commending his whole official conduct.
He sailed from New York in the month of
October. As diplomatic relations had not
been fully re-establish with France, he
was directed to proceed to England, and
there ascertain the views of the French
govern r.eat.’ He Lund that a French min
ister had been appointed to this country,
and he immediately went to Paris and took
up his residence there. After his recogni
tion, liis r first official duty was to procure the
interest due upon the twenty-five millions of
francs indemnity, which had been retained
when the principle was paid. After some
hesitation this was effected; and thus this
great controversy,which at one time threa
tened such grave consequences, was hap
pily closed.
In 1837, Gen. made a tour to the
east. He visited Italy, Sicily, Malta,
Greece, the islands’ of the Archipelago,
Constantinople, and the Black Sea. Egypt,
Palestine, and Syria. He was at Florence,
Rome, Palermo. Athens,Corinth, Eleusis,
Solarnis, and the battle-fields of Plat tea,
Lcuctra, Cheronaea, and Marathon—at the
plains of Troy, at Alexandria,, Cairo, and
the Peramids ; at Jaffa, Jerusalem, Beth
lehem, the Dead Sea, Nazareth, the Sea of
Tiberias, Tyre, Sidon, Baalhec, and Dam
ascus. Memorable places these, and cal
culated to excite strong emotions in the
mind of an American who had passsed a
large portion of his life amid toils and pri
vations of anew country.
After, his return to Paris, Gen. Cass re
sumed the duties of his mission, and con
tinued in their regular execution till its ter
mination. He was proverbial for his kind
ness and hospitality to his countrymen,
none of whom were denied his attentions,
and few of whom visited Paris without be
ing invited to his house. His observations
upon the government and people of France
were given to the public pages of the Dem
ocratic Review, in an article entitled “France
its King, Court, and Government,” which
most of our readers will probably recollect.
Among other literary papers he published
in this country, was one upon the French
tribunals of justice, which contained much
information interesting to an American,and
in which the author expressed his decided
condemnation of the system of the English
common law, looking upon it as a code, ori
ginating in feudal and almost semibarbar
ous times, and utterly unsuited to our con
dition and institutions. This opinion is
fast gaining ground, and we trust the time
is rapidly approaching when this relic of
feudal tyranny—this perfection of sense as
it is called, hut this perfection ofnonsense as
it in many cases is—will give way to rea
son and justice.
In 1841 arose the well-known question
of the quintuple treaty, in which General
Cass acted a prominent and an efficient
part. The British government, in its
scheme or maritime superiority, which it ne
ver abandons any more than its plans of
territorial aggrandizement,projected apian,
by which, under the pretence of abolishing
the slave trade, her ships of war would
have been enabled to search and examine,
and ultimately to seize, the vessels of other
nations at their pleasure. The plan was
to form a treaty, to which the five great
powers of Europe should be parties, by
which means anew principle in the law
of nations would he established, and our
flag, among others, prostrated at the feet of
England.—This treaty was negotiated and
actually signed by the ministers of the five
powers—those of England, France, Russia
Prussia, and Austria—before the nature of
the transaction was fully understood by the
world. It became disclosed before the rati
fications were exchanged with the French
government. Gen Cass published a pam
phlet which entered deeply into the whole
matter, and which was translated into
French and German, and extensively cir
culated upon the continent. It awakened
the public attention, and created a great
sensation even in England. The London
Times in announcing it, said:
‘•lt is a shrewd performance, written with some
spirit, much hold assertion of facts, and a very au
dacious unfairness of argument, which is rather
amusing when contrasted with a certain tone of
gentlemanly candor, which is occasionally adopted
en in the very act of performing some oj his most
glaring perversions.”
In addition, also, to the pamphlet, he
presented a protest to the French govern
ment against the ratification of the treaty.
In doing this, he stated that he had no in
structions to pursue such a course and
adds:
“I have presumed, in the views I have submitted
to yoo, [M. Guizot, the French Minister of Foreign
Affairs.] that I express the feelings of the, American
government and people. If in this I have deceiv
ed myself, the responsibility will be mine. As soon
as I can receive despatches from the United States,
in answer to my communications, I shall bhenabled
to declare to you either that my .conduct has been
approved by the President, or that my mission is
terminated?’
But lie did not deceive himself. His
course was warmly applauded hy the
American people, who arc ever alive to
national interest and honor, atiS ‘cojdly ap
proved by the government.
The following short extract will exhibit
the.spint which prevaded this memorable
paper:
‘ But the subject mss another aspect, when
they (the American people) are told by one of the
jytiw thfjt thMt vestwfe ate to be. Ibfctbly eptetpd
| NUMBER 27.
and examind, in order to carry into effect these
stipulations. Certainly the American government
does not believe that the high powers, contracting
parties to this treaty, have .any wish to compel the
United States, by force, to adapt their measures to
its provisions, or to adopt its stipulations. They
have (•'o much confidence in their sense of justice
to scar any such results ; and they will see with
pleasure the prompt disavowal made by yourself,
sir, in the name ofyour country, at the tribone of
the Chamlrer of Deputies, of any intentions of this,
nature. But were it otherwise, and were it possi
ble they might be deceived in this confident expec
tation, that would not alter in one tittle (heir course
of action. Their duty would be the same, and the
same would he their determination to full'd it. They
would prepare themae Ives, withappreheiision indeed,
hut without dismay—with regret, hut with firmness
for one of those desperate struggles which have
sometimes occurred in the history of the world, hut
vr here a just cause and the favor of Previdence
have given strength to comparative weakness, and
enabled it to break down the pride of power.”
The success of this scheme,so long cher
ished, and so long projected on the part of
England, turned upon the ratification of
Ffunce.. With it she could hope to estab
lish this new principle in maritime law,
and with that attain her daring object of
maritime supremacy. But the opposition
of two such commercial nations as the U.
States and France to this interpolation,
would have rendered hopeless its general
recognition. Hence hey efforts to accom
plish this measure ; and as, for more than
half a century, she had not failed in any
great object of her policy, her pride and
and interest were equally united in this.—
Her journals, therefore, were filled with
the subject. It occupied the attention of
her government, her people and her press ;
and her diplomatic agents through Europe
were active and persevering. While the
subject was under discussion in the French
Chamber of Deputies, the eyes of Europe
were directed to Paris, anxiously watching
the result. That result was soon manifes
ted. The public opinion of France spoke
too loudly to be resisted. The government
gave way, and refused to ratify a treaty,
negotiated under its own directions, arid
signed by its own minister. The part
which Gen. Cass bore in this transaction
is well understood and appreciated by his
countrymen ; and if any doubt existed on
the subject, it would have been removed by
the abuse heaped him in the English jour
nals, and by the declaration of Lord Pal
merston, in the House of Commons, that
his efforts contributed in a great degree to
the rejection of the measure.
An American writing from Europe, in
Niles’s Register, March, 1812, says :
“Gen. Cass has hastily prepared a pamphlet
setting lorth the true import and dangers of this
treaty. It will be read by every statesman in Eu
rope : and, added to the General’s personal influ
ence In re. will effecti)ally turn the tallies on Eng
land. The eountrv owes the General much for his
effectual influence with this government.”
‘.l he London Times, of January 5,1842,
says:
“ The five powers, which signed the late treaty
for the suppression of the slave trade, will not allow
themselves to he thwarted in the execution of this
arrangement by the capricious resistance of the cab
inet of Wuohington.”
Is it not a little curious, in reading over
the papers relating to this transaction, to
see how some of the party journals of the
day in the United States censured the min
ister for his interference in foreign concerns;
and foretold, very confidently, that he would
be rebuked .by the French government.—
And the London Times, of May 16, 1842,
states, with apparent exultation that the
venerable patriot, who has just been called
from among us, (Mr. Adams,) said. in Con
gress that he regretted Gen. Cass
“Should have so completely forgotten the whole
some rules of the founders of his country, as to in
terfere, without instructions from his government,
in a delicate negotiation between the great powers
of Europe.”
This. “ delicate negotiation” directly in
volved one of the most precious rights of
the United States—-that of sailing the ocean
undisturbed and in peace. To prevent the
consummation of such a project was not to
interfere with other nations, but to prevent
other nations interfering with us. As to
the French government, it took no such
view of the matter. The answer of M.
Guizot to Gen. Cass was in a very good
spirit, and exhibited the best feeling to the
United States. He stated that the treaty
had not been ratified, and disavowgd all de
sign of doing any thing whatever unfriend
ly to the United States.
On the J7th of September following this
transaction, the news of the ratification of
the Ashburton treaty reached Paris, Gov-
Cass immediately resigned. His reason
for so doing we gather from the following
extracts of letters to Mr. Webster:
“ It is unnecessary to push these considerations
further; and in carrying them thus far, I have
found the task an unpleasant one. Nothing but
justirff to myself could have induced nie to do it.
I could not clearly explain my position here, with
out recapitulation. My protest of I3lli February,
distinctly asserted that the United States would re
sist the pretensions of England to search our ves
sels. I avowed, at the same time, that this wa
bui my personal declaration, liable to be confirmed
or disavowed by fny government. I now find a
treaty has bpeu concluded between Great Britain
arid the United States, which provides for the co
operation of the latter in efforts to abolish the
slave trade, but which contains no renunciation by
the former of the extraordinary pretension, result
ing. as she said, front the exigencies of these very
efforts; and which pretension I felt it to be my
duty to denounce to the French ■government. In
all this, I presume to offer no further judgment than
as I am personally affected by the course of the
proceedings, and I feel they have placed me- in a
false position, whence I can escape but by returning
home with the least possible delay. I trust, there
fore, that the President will have felt no hesitation
in granting me the permission which I asked for.”
In December, 1842, Gen. Cass returned
to the United States. He wa&received by
the citizens of Boston and New York with
every demonstration of respect. His bold
stand on the Quintuple Treaty had excited
the feelings-of the people in his favor, and
he was everywhere hailed as the chain pitta
of the freed ;n of the seas, and the rights
of American citizens. At New York he
was addressed upon political subjects; ti?
which he- furnished a brief reply, /tqting
his unshaken attachment to thtj, principles
of the Democratic party, and his .hostility
to a National Bank. On his router to the
West, he wds received at Harr!sbtW|t, Penn
sylvania, and Columbus, Ohio., by the gov
ernors and legislatures of those States, who
came out to meet him, and escorted him to
♦heir towns. At Detroit the governor, leg.
islature, city authorities, and people, came
out to welcome him home, as children wel
come the return of a long absent lather.
On the Bth of January he was add ressed by
a committee of the Democratic Litate Con
vention of Indiana, upon political questions;
to which he replied at length, declaring
himself against a national bank, opposed to
the distribution of the public lands, opposed
to a tariff for protection, “that the revenue
should be kept to the lowest point compati
ble with the performance of its constitu
tional functions,” and opposed to altering
the constitution by abolishing the Executive
yf|o; that he should not be a candidate for
the Presidency, unless nominated- at the
Baitiniqre Convention; and that he would
support the nominee of that Con venting.
Ua the 4th of July, 1844, Geuqjpl,i?as£
delivered an oration at Fort Wgyng, ladb
ana, on the completion of the Wabash and
Eiie.Uanal. In this oration, r wlse o<pn-
country with the nations of the old world,
he says— -
“I have stood’ upon (he plain of Marathon, tbp
battle-field of liberty. It is ailent and desolate.-
Neither Greek nor Persian la there; to gite lifer
and animation to the scene. It ia bounded by ster
ile hills on one side,'and lashed by the eternal wave*
of the Ocean on the other. But Greeks and
Persians were once there, and that decayed spot was
alive with hostile armies, who fought the great fight
which rescued Greece from the yoke of Persia.—
Audi have stood upon the hill of Zion, the city of
Jeruselam, the scene of our Redeemer's sufferings
and crucifixion and ascension. But the sceptre has
departed from Judah, and its glory from the capital
of Solomon. The Assyrian, the Egypt km, tbr
Greek, the Roman, the Arab, the Turk, and the
Crusoders have passed over this cheif place of Israel,
and have rest it of its power and beauty * In those
regions of the East where society passed its infan
cy, it seems to have reached decrepitude; H the
associations which the memory of their past glory
excites are powerful, tbev are melancholy. They
are without gratification for the present, and. with
out hope for the future.; But bore we are in the
freshness of youth, ami can look forward with ra
tional confidence to ages of progress in all that
gives power and pride to man, and dignity to hu
man nature. It is better t> look foward t pros
perity, than back to glory.”
In the summer of 1848, General Caw
received the following letter from Genera)
Jackson;
Hkhmaoe July,, 1849.
Mr Dsxn Sin : I have the pleasure to acknow
edge your very friendly letter of the 2&th of May r
last. It reached me in due course of mail; but ageb
were my debility and afflictions, that I have been
prevented from replying to it until now ; and even
now, it is with great difficulty that I write. Ib
re'utn for your kind expressions w.th regard l &
my si It, I have to remark, that 1 shall ever recol
lect, my dear General, with great satisfaction, the
relations, both private and official, which subsisted
between us during the greater part of my ad
ministration. Having lull confidence in your ah
bilities and republican principles, I invited you
to my cabinet; and I can never forget with wha*
discretion and talents you met those great and
delicate questions which were brought before you
whilst you presided over the Department of War,
which entitled you to my thanks, and will be ever
recollected with mo6t lively feedings of friendship
by me.
But what has endeared you to every tru
American, was the noble ‘stamp which you took,
as our minister at Paris, against the quintuple
treaty ; and which, by your talents, energy, and
fearless responsibility, defeated its ratification by
France—a treaty intended by Great Britain to
change our international laws, make her mistress of
the seas,and destroy the national independence net
only of our country, but of all Europe, .tnd enable
her to-become the tyrant of every ocean. Had
vJreat Britain obtained the sanction of Prance to
this treaty^— with, the late disgraceful treaty of
Washington, so disreputable to our national charac
ter, and injurious to our national safety— then,
indeed, we might hang our harps upon the jvillow,
and resigned our national independence to Great
Britain. But, I repeat, to your talent*, ei -
rrgy, and fearless responsibility, we are indebted
for the shield thrown over us from the impending
danger which the ratification of the quintuple
treaty by France would have brought U|>ou u*.
For this act, the thanks of every true American,
and the applause of every true republican, are
yours; and for this noble act, I tender you my
thanks.
I admired the course of Dr. Linn in the Senate,
in urging his Oregon bill; and I hope his energy
will carry it into a law at the next session of
Congress. This will speak to England a language
which she will understand—that toe will not tub*
mit to It negotiated out of our territorial right 9
hereafter.
Receive assurances of my friendship and esteem.
ANDREW JACKSON.
To the lion. Lewis Cans,
In the spring of 1844, Gen. Cass, in re
ply to interrogatories upon that subject,
wrote a letter declaring himself in favor of
the annexation of Texas.
In the month of May, following, the
Democratic National Convention met at
Baltimore, candidates for Pre
sident. Jio|e first balloting, General
Cass receJPPeighty-three votes, and con
tinued to rise till, on the 7th, he received
one hundred and twenty-three votes. 4iad
another ballot been taken that day Gen.
Cass would, without doubt, have been
nominated. Before the assembling of the
convention on the following day, Mr. Polk
was brought forward as a compromise can
didate, and after two ballotings, received
the nomination.
On the day that the news of the nomi
nation of Mr. Polk reached Detroit, a meet
ing of the democracy was held, at which
Gen. Cass, in an able and eloquent speech,
gave his warmest support to the nomina
tion, and declared his readiness to enter
the contest to secure its success. In pur
suance of this, he accepted the invitation
of the Nashville committee, and was pre
sent at the gTeat Nashville Convention in
August. His arrival was announced by
the firing of cannon, and he was received
with every demonstration of popular en
thusiasm. Os his speech there, a leading
paper says:—
“•We will not attempt a sketch of the eloquent
and po.verlul speech that was made by Genera)
Cass; for we felt that* nothing short of its pub
lication entire, word for word, and sentence for aen
tcnce, as he uttered it to admiring thousands,
would do him a full measure of justice. It was
the measure of justice. It was the master effort
of a great statesman ; and the popular thunders
of applause with which it was received'by tho
fitty acres of freemen in attendance, rang through
tho valleys, and reverberated from hill to hill, ex
ceeded any thing that we have ever heard be
fore.”
General Cass spent some time with Gen.
Jackson at the Hermitage. When they
parted, the scene was most impressive and
affecting. An eye witness remarks, ff the
tears of the veterans were mingled togeth
er as they bade each other a last farewett.”
In compliance with the popular demand,
Gen. Cass took the tour of the states of
Ohio, Indiana and Michigan. lie every
where met with the most enthusiastic re
ception from the people. He was bailed
as the Father of the West. But a great
change had been effected since first ho
came among them. The lofty forests
which he then traversed were ntHvfruitful
fields ; the lonely cabins which he protect
ed from the firebrand of the savage, were
transformed into populous cities ; the In
dian trail was converted into the rail-road ;
the harbors upon the lakes and rivers which
he first surveyed, were now the seats of
commerce and of wealth ; and the scatter
ed population which he had governed were
now a. great people. The crowds which
attended his progress through those states
seemed rather the triumphal procession of
a conqueror than the peaceful attendants
of a private citizen.
The following incidents at the public
meeting at Norwqlk, Ohio, on the 17th of
September, are taken from the democratic
newspaper published at s hat place:
“ While a number of revolutionary soldier*
were being.introduced to General Cans, one’ of
our citizens approached the General, and asked
if ho remembered him. Upon replying that ba
did nut, he gar 4 the following account of their
firHmeeting j * in the spring of 1813. Fort Meiga
wag besieged by thy British tyid Indiana, and the
militia qf Ohio were called on to inarch to the
reuerof llic forts. Geh. Ca*s was appointed to
the command, feix thousand assembled at Upper
of whom two thousand were selected
to proceed on to the fort.. Tit* marahpa .ami
wood* were filled with water, inaking tbe roada.
almost impassible. Tbe commanding general had
not yet arrived, but was daily expected. On
the second dav of the march, a young seWVr,
from exposure’ to the weather, waa taken sick.
Unable to march in the ranks, he followed along
in tbe rear, at a distance be hind, attempting
with difficulty to keep pace w;tb In* com
rade*, two officers rode along, one a Man
ger. and the other the colonel of hi* regi
men*. On passing’ him, the Colonel remarked ;
*• General, that poor fellow there is sick ; he •* a
good follow though, lor ho’refuses to go bark;
but I fear the Indians will scalap him, or lbs crows
pick him, before we get to Fort Meing*. ‘ Tba
officer halted, and dismounted from his bone. •
When the young soldieir came op he addressed
hint; My brave ;*>y, you are sick and tried, I
am well and strong; mount my horse and ride.’
The soldier hesitated. ‘Do not wad.’ aaid the oft.
ccr ; and, lifting him upon his horse .with the dirac
lions to ride at night tuthe general's tent, he low
ed on foot to to join t.c army. At night, the
young soldier rode tho tent, where he w*;met by
tli genoraljwith a cheerful welcome, which be tepaid
with tear aof griftode. That officer was General
Uase, and. the jotHig tit*. per***?
dree ing him, our worthy fellow citizen. John
UayuH* file Gen. cirtnmMence.
ed : * General! that act watt not done for the fci
teio..k upon, if was doua tn the vwm*}*, with Itt*
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