Newspaper Page Text
JOHN FORSYTH—EDITOR.
J {.tXMVTIt. 1. T. MI.EX * R. RLLI9,
fptfrittm aid Pnbluhm.
, r Tiart is (wbltikcd evm Tuesday Morning
!k, tMidis; llaowa as “ Winter’s Kxchn r.gc ‘
“ . of Broad street, above Randolph, up
.. . dtaW I llAl rear of the Post-Office,
’jj k —Three Dollars per annum, payable
. for ns subscription*.
***” purer srill be dtscontinned while any arrear
, Jae, unless at the option of the proprietors,
fV.ive Dollars and a Half, will in all eases
, elms payment is not made before the
” ~t-*a sf the sabacription year.
* y iffti*—ft* conspicuously inserted at One
tbilar per egaair, for the first insertion, and
lor every subsequent continuance.
. | sent to ns without specify-
naaibrr of insertions ddttrcd, will be con
’ ‘ j retd ordered out, and charged accordingly.
. -ral tdvrrtheaents published at the usual
w . with strict attention to the requisitions of
-,j, rrt fr. Sa!c under regular executions, must
ted Thirty Days : under mortgage fi fas,
.ttdia>> before the day of sale,
aa'lr*. of Land aod Negroes, by Executors, Ad
,t.!t*rs or Gaardians, for Sixty-Days before
v ip-a!'prraonal property (except negroes) For-
,ta'ioa by Clerks of Courts of Ordinary,upon
c .|jaa for ietlers of administration are to be
’ for Thirty Days.
< ilat .oaa Vpoa application for dismission, by
, ttors. Administrators, or Guardians, monthly
|<>r t|eatk.
Ur Jen of Coarts of Ordinary, (accompanied
a cap* of the bond, or agreement; to make
. , ~ uad, moat he published Tliree Months.
\tiret by Kxacators or Administrators or Guar
r af application to tha Court of Ordinary for
the Land or Negroes of an estate, Foetr
mthu
Notice* by Ki ecu tors or Administrators, to the
p,-ears and Creditor* of an estate, foi Six Weeks.
_y liters to the proprietors on business must
W pair paid, to oolftia thorn to attention.
MERCANTILE^
ImWmT
BROKAW A CLEMONS,
4 gK ims receiving a desirable assortment of
A L ADIES DRESS GOODS,
ra p..< ag of French, Jaconet, Organdie, and
~c j , gidinm Grenadine and flsime Milks,
t* aia Gla—a Foulards, Fancy color’d. Milk
tXirr ~r. Kmhroidered Muslins, Sup. French
, wJ wteh Ginghams, Linen and Milk do;
. (Grenadines, dec.
Twether with a lot of MOURNING Silk and
,-wad Baregea, Tissue Silks, plain and figured
‘ -ruck Lawns and Muslins, Dress Hdkfs., Grena
d ... and Crape Shawls, he.
BROKAW It CLEMONS.
g„(, IStS 20—St
PANAMA AND LEGHORN 11 ATM.
a Large tot, just received, by
\ BROKAW it CLEMONS.
* Msr>. lMd. 20—8 t
JMT RECEIVED.
I TRENCH Cloths and Cassinwros, Silk and
’ Satin; Vestings; plain and Rit>’d Linen Dril
jiae s- Silk Worn Italian Cloth*; Cashinaretts,
Ae-*e. BROKAW & CLEMONS.
May . 1948 20—8 t
GEORGE A. NORRIS,
HIS Jut rfffivfd his entire pnrrhase of
Spnag and summer goods, making a very
la*ge Stock, embracing every variety of Fancy
.ad Stifiir Dry Goods, please call and see, our
l ■ cos aad then decide where the cheap goods are.
April 2a, 1848.
NEW BONNETS.
I l'sT received,* Urge assortment, for sale by
April 25 GEORGE A. NORRIS.
MI'MMKR HAW.
I HURT received a large Btcrk of Pananea Leg
kora Pcdaiand P. Leaf HaU for sale by
April -5 GEORGE A. NORRIS.
DKEMM GOODS.
I'R Muslins, Ginghams, Uarreges, Lawns dec.
are worthy of all consideration.
April 25 GEORGE A. NORRIS.
MNIiEMHi.
J. 11. MERRY,
Re, a, Warren’! Arcade,
J /etc doors above the Post Office.
IS MS UCHUM 1 Fill SI mi OF
READY-MADE CLOTHING,
of every variety of style and fashion —and made in
the best manner.
\ , ,—Cravats, Scarfs, Socka, Gloves, Suspenders
*lsairrT. SUirts of every description ; HATS,CAPS,
S Ik and Cotton Umbrellas, &c. Ac.
gj- These Goods will positively be sold at a very
MM tl.l. PROFIT, for Cash.
Cttlumhos, Msy 2, 1848 19 —3m.
WC3BRBFF A VHITTELSEY,
IJ IVE jut rrrrirrd an additional supply of
11 SPRING ANO SUMMER GOODS, ,
among wh;e!i cau be found Shawls, Bonnets and
|.. rwi Ribbons, Ginghams. Muslins, Calicoes, &c.
Alan a gsed assortment of PANAMA and I.EG-
HtsKN H ATS, all of which they will aell very
low tor cash or approved credit.
W. A W. have a few patterns of very fine Bareg
. which they will sell lor about Half Price, rath
er than keep them over. I.ADIKM call and see.
\pnl 2.1. 1848. IS—ts
BOOTS, SHOES LEATHER, &C.
At Prime Cost*
rNF. Subscriber baring determined to discon
littme his present business in Columbus, will
f. .1 of his stock am hand, consisting of all articles
u’omOy found in a Shoe Store,
AT 3P8.13MC12 COST,
7V stock is nrw, kwing been mostly purchased
i ithin the last sL r months, and is well worth the
eftentim of merchants and others, wishing to pur
rimer tv the quantity.
Ibarra gmsd assortment of LASTS, PEGS,
.id other shoe maker's Findings, to which the at
■ itiam sf those engaged in the tuanujaclure of
shoes is particularly incited.
ERABTUS REED.
June 20, 1848 26—ts
GROCERY AND STAPLE
J. B. HKOOKS*
1S mv •priiat it his nrw Store ou West side
1 Broad street, three doors below Hill, Dawson
wi>|| Sflgrlrd Stork of Goods,
in which he invites the attention of his friends, and
I•’ ner customers.
Me will also give liberal p.iccs for COTTOX and
COLXTRY PRODICE.
Or K. B.—Those indebted to the late firm of J.
1 Brooks, are requested to call and liquidate
i etr accounts, which are in the hands ofthe under
eSacd. J. B. BROOKS.
December 28. 1847. 1—
RALEIGH,
CLASSICAL, MATHEMATICAL
AND MILITARY ACADEMY.
Iran iid Equipments furnished by the State.
* iassica! Department, J. M. LOVEJOY,
Mathematical and Mili
’.arv Department, W.F. DISBROW.
.Uremic Dep't, K. WHITEHURST.
|or fke next session of this Institution will com
bicnce Jalv sth, IS4S.
Rvleigh: X.C. June SI, IS4S. 2?-st*
FOR SAIaS.
\f T lon se aid Lot. on the rorner of St. Clair
“A and Oglethorpe streets. It has every con
ven eece to make a residence comfortable. Those
wi.hiag to purchase a residence in the city, can call,
*' evamiae it. Possession can be given in a few
axis alter the sale of it. As cash ia scarce, a lib
vril credit will be given for undoubted and well se
esrad paper. PHILIP T. SCHLEY.
June. 27 1848 27-3 t
ICE! ICE!!
I T UDW oWtitfd onr nsul qnantity for the
l A aeaeon, the bouse baa no . opened.—Being
drwireos of serving onr customers at the lowest pos
sible ntes, in order to place it within the reach of
every family, until farther notice we shall sell at 21
cvs. per ib. For the accommodation of Families
who have to trust to servants, Tickets can be ob
tained. V. H. CADY, for Proprietors.
March 28.1848. 14—ts
BOY LOST.
y&t OS Monday the tveifth day of this in-
A’ v f aunt a Negro Boy left Cuthbert Ban
fjt dolph county on his return to the residence
of Mrs. Moye and has not since been heard
of, the Boy ss about ten years of age, had
‘‘swhaahe lefts pair of Copperas Pants and a white
Hat, is well grown, ami ordinarily intelligent
eame n JIM. Any information leading to his
recovery will be liberally rewarded.
DAVID RUMPH Adm’r.
S. I. MOYE Adm’x. -
athert June 27, 1848. 27—2 t
WT.WH, MALERATI iU AND SOAPS.
1. OR wale by POND A WILL COX.
June to, 1818.
VOLUME VIII. |
From the (London) “ Puppet Show.”
FRATERNITY .
What though crowds should shout the word
Pervert the meaning it should bear,
And feel tneir hearts with hatred stirred,
Even while their plaudits load the air;
Yet shall not we, thou mighty Thought,
Despair thy triumph yet to see,
Nor doubt the good that shall be wrought
In thy great name, Frateukity.
By prophets told, by psalmists snog,
Preached on the Mount by lips sublime,
The tbeine of every sage’s tongue
For twice a thousand years of Time ;
What happy progress hast thou made f
What bliss to man has Bowed from thee f
What War and Bloodshed hast thon stayed 1
What Peace affirmed ! Fbatebhitv.
Alas! the years have failed to teach
The obvious lesson to mankind ;
A myriad preachers failed to preach
Conviction to the dens and blind.
Still do we rush to furiou* War,
-Still to the alajret bend the knge,
And still, most Christian aa we are,- ~
Forget thy name, FxATEKmTY.
And shall we, crammed with mutual hates, “
Despise our neighbor for a flaw 1
And sneer because he promulgates
Before he understands thy law 1
No ! let us hail tha word of might,
Breathed by a Nation of the Free:
Thy recognition is a light—
Thy name a faith, FmATEBiriTY.
The preacher may belie his creed,
But still the truth preserves its flame;
The sage may do a foolish deed,
Yet Wisdom shares not in his shame.
Re scorning hushed —be cavil dumb—
Whatever evils France may see,
We’ll look for blessings yet to come
In thy great name, Frateenity.
POLITICAL.
From the Richmond Enquirer.
WHO IS MILLARD FILLMORE.
Our readers will find some valuable in
formation in the following paragraphs,
which we extract from a spirited and admi
rable sketch in the Pennsylvanian:
“Millard Fillmore of New York, the Federal
candidate for Vice President, a sort of tub to the
whale of the New Yorkers, was chairman of the
Committee of Ways and Means during the memo
rable 27th Congress, which came into power with
Gen. Harrison. He was distinguished for his bit
t Tness as a partisan, and for his poscription of all
who did not agree with him in opinion:—Proscrip
tion, so much the fashion during “the hundred days”
that followed the commencement of the hard cider
dynasty. We only recollect two of his titles to the
public support. He was the unscrupulous foe of
Andrew Jackson and the malignant enemy of the
bill that refunded the fine imposed by Judge Hall;
and he was also the steady and active friend of
the Bankrupt law, and the opponent of its repeal
—a law, let it not be forgotten, that spunged out
of existence hundreds of millions of debt, and led to
scenes of corruption and fraud, without parallel in
our history. What other claims he has to the pop
ular support, the future will show. As it is, how
appropriate a second he makes of Gen. Taylor, who
has said he was Jackson’s friend!
“Such is the yoke joined together by (he Southern
Federal majority in the Federal Convention. The
materials are now more repulsive and antagonist
than were the opposition candidates for President
and Vice President in 1844. A hero and an op
ponent of a just war; an alleged friend and an
open foe of Jackson; an opponent and a friend of
the ‘Wilniot Proviso ,■ a friend and an opponent of
slavery ; a slave-holder and an abolitionist —such
are a few of the contrasts furnished in these extra
ordinary nominations.
“That we shall defeat and overwhelm this tick
et—we care not how aided, glossed over, or abetted
—how backed or endorsed—whether by the ex
hausted remains of old partisans, or the dying fac
tions of Nativism —we do not for a moment doubt.
The legions of Progressive Democracy will from
this day forth begin to fight against their unscrupu
lous foes. From city and from country—from vil
lage and from hamlet—from the East and the West
—the North and the South—they will come to save
their institutions from the hands of desperate dem
agogues who have seized upon a soldier, who con
icsses his ignorance of our system, in order that
they may rule him to the nation’s ruin.”
But we have farther information, which,
will attract the attention of the South. In
the 11th vol., page 1495, of Gales & Sea
ton’s “Congressional Debates,” we find the
remarks of Mr. Filmore, which we append,
in which he claims to legislate away sla
very in the District of Columbia. The de
bate, in February 1835, occurred on a mo
tion to print a petition from Rochester, to
abolish slavery in the District of Columbia.
(On motion of Mr. Archer, the whole sub
ject vns laid on the table, 163 to 69.
We call particular attention to the lan
guage of Mr. Fillmore, and the emphatic
comments of Mr. Wise, now the Demo
cratic Elector in the Accomac District.—
We shall have other evidence to present
of Mr. Fillmore’s unsoundess on the ques
tion of Southern rights—but, in the mean
time, we ask the people of Virginia if the
Whig Vice President presented to them is
not far from being what the Whig calls
him, “a sound Whig,” an “unexceptiona
ble” politician ?
Mr. FILLMORE said: It was not un
reasonable that the memorial should be
printed and preserved among the documents
of the House. He disavowed most une
quivocally, now and forever, any desire on
his part to interfere with the rights, or what
was termed the property of the citizens of
other States. While hie did this, he con
ceived that as a citizen of the State of New
York, and a member of this House, he
was interested in the claim to properly in
man within the District of Columbia.
He refered to the effect which was produced
in the North by the advertisements in the
papers of this city connected with the pur
chase and transportation of slaves. The
people of that section of the country believ
ed slavery to be improper, and that it
should not be tolerated. This was a great
national question. There was nothing in
the memorial which should prevent its be
ing printed and placed on the files of the
House for future reference. Whenever
petitions should be presented here from the
Slaveholding States oi a different tenor,
and which might advocate the establish
ment or continuance of slave markets in
this District and city, if they could satisfy
the people of other sections that this was
proper, he would treat their petitions with
respect. He was willing that each party
should be fully heard, and that each should
have the privilege ofspreading their views
before the people generally.
Mr. WISE said: When memorials of
the character of this now asked to be prin
ted are presented, it is respectful enough I
should think to the memorialists to receive
them; if printed, they will be circulated
throughout the country, to fan the flames
of the zealots on one side, and to serve as
food for the disorganizers on the other.—
We who would be safe and secure in the
blessings we now enjoy, will therefore
smother these memorials cn their first pre
sentation. lam willing, Sir, to treat all
memorials, no matter how extravagant or
preposterous, or of what character, with
respect, provided they are from a respecta
ble body of citizens, decorous and not dan
gerous in their tendencies. But, Sir, I
cannot tolerate, much less give consequence
and eclat to memorials and. petitions which
strike at the very foundations of the social
compact and our civil institutions’ I will
not hear them; I desire not to see them;
and would reject thematonce. With what
sort of respect, I put it to the gentleman
from the Western part of New York, (Mr.
Fillmore,) could he treat an incendiary who
should respectfully ask him to permit him
to apply a torch to his dwelling ? Would
he regard him as a sober-minded neighbor
|p|e §|w£o®
or madman, as a fiend or friend ? Sir, I
was sorry to hear soma, of the remarks of
the gentleman from New York. He says
that the people of the North are continual
ly shocked by advertisements of slave-deal
ers in the papers of this District. lam
sorry, Sir, that their nerves are so delicate,
when their fathers did more than any oth
er people of the colonies to establish sla
very amongst us.
The gentleman says he will ever respect
the property of the States; hut he claims
to legislate away the property of this Dis
trict. Sir, a slave is as much property
here as in Virginia; property by the law
and the constitution. And in addition to
the remark of the gentleman from Alabama,
(Mr. McKinley,) that you will not surely
take private property without just com
pensation, and that you cannot compensate
without taking in part of the taxes of the
South to pay for slaves, I will repeat the
idea that, although you have exdwsrve ju
risdiction over this “ten miles square,** yet
itlis commpn ground, foT the good of the
\vnole, and for the use of the whole people
of every State in tne Union. And I would
ask of the gentleman if he can come upon
this ground with his carriage and horses,
why cannot I come with my slaves, to re
main here, to live here as long as I please ?
Sir, I say it not in passion, but calmly and
dispassionately, that Congress has no right
to abolish slavery even here, against the*
consent of the slave-holders, who are not
represented ; and I warn gentlemen that
the South—l speak for all as strongly as
one man can speak for many, for millions
—that the South will fight to the hilt against
the abolition of slavery in this District, un
less the inhabitants owning slaves them
selves petition for it, as they would against
any interference with the right of slave
property in Virginia.
The gentleman calls this a great “nation
al question.” I protest, Sir, against its be
ing so considered. Thenationhas nothing
to do with slave property. It is simply a
delicate question of private, individual right
wholly and solely under the control of the
States where slavery exists. It is a reserv
ed State right, with which the General
Government has no right of interference
even, and from intermeddling with which
the Free States and their inhabitants should
scrupulously abstain. The pseudo-philan
thropists of the North do but defeat their
own objects, when they rudely attempt to
touch or handle a subject which does not
immediately concern them; and true Chris
tians and Philanthropists will always find
their principles, and the cause of humani
ty, best subserved by being the friends of
slave-holders, instead of being the friends
of slaves, and by co-operating with intelli
gent, humane, enlightened and patriotic
slave owners of the South, by ways and
means which the lights of the age have al
ready shown. If violence or intrusion upon
our rights be persisted in and pursued,
gentlemen will find Union men and Nulli
fies of the South all united on the subject
—ready, ripe for revolution, if the worst
must come to the worst.
I hope, Sir, that this House will not
shock the South more by the printing of
this memorial, than the constituents of the
gentleman from New York were ever
shocked by slave advertisements; and that
it, and all others like it, will now and for
all time to come, be smothered and oppress
ed.
[From the Mobile Register, 16th inst.]
THE WHIG TICKET—TAYLOR AND
FILLMORE.
The ticket of the Whig Convention is
Taylor and Fillmore, instead of Taylor
and Lawrence, as reported in our last pa
per. Millard Fillmore, of New York,
has been nominated instead of Abbot
Lawrance, of Massachusetts. Massachu
setts, it is said, is to be appeased, if possi
ble, by the promise of the appointment of
Mr. Webster Secretary of State—if the
Whigs succeed. So say the chronicles of
the secret doings of the convention. It is
something new, in popular conventions to
hold meetings with closed doors—to keep
their discussions from the public eye and
ear. It makes anew and odious variety of
nominating conventions—those engines of
“rascality and corruption”—as our neigh
bor, who is one of the secretaries of this,
described all conventions to be, last sum
mer.
Taylor, Fillmore and Webster is
therefore the expressed and understood
ticket.
The nomination of Fillmore, however,
adds other characteristics to the ticket. Mr.
Fillmore is a well known politician of
the western New York school, which is of
the Greeley and Seward cast. He was a
member of the Whig Congress oflß4l-’2,
and as chairman of the committee of ways
and means, reported and carried through,
the notorious, and now defunct Tariff of
1842. His nomination, coupled with the
whig call fora ratification meeting in Phil
adelphia, in which.the Tariff of 1842 is
prominently put forward as an object for
whig effort, makes another description of
the ticket appropriate. It is Taylor,
Fillmore, Webster, and the Tariff of
1842!
But this is, by no means, not all. There
is a more interesting trait, still, at least to
Southern people—in the adoption of Fill
more. It is a direct alliance with the New
York Proviso and Anti-Slavety Whigs,
and with whom Mr. Fillmobe is a favorite
—having been the leading candidate on
the ticket, which last fall carried the State
of New York for the whigs, by an immense
majority, on the Anti-Slavery issue. Mr.
Fillmore headed the ticket for State officers
nominated by the whigs at their Syracuse
convention; —which convention took up
and adopted, unanimously, the Anti-Slave
ry Resolutions which the democratic con
vention had just before refused to pass.
The very next resolution in the series,
after recommending F illmork and his as
sociates on the ticket, declares “uncom
promising hostility to the extension of
slavery into territories note free , or which
may hereefter be acquired, by any action
ofthe Government of our Union.”
The address issued in support of this re
solution and of Mr. F illmore, under it, is
furious in its denunciation of slave exten
sion. It declares that the flag of our vic
torious legions is “to be desecrated from
its holy character of liberty and emanci
“ pation, into an errand of bondage and sla
“very.”
‘We protest,” said this whig convention, in the
‘name of the rights of man and of liberty, against
‘the further extension of slavery in North Ameri
ca.’
‘No territory is our watchword, unless it bo
free.’
The State central committee of the
whigs, re-echoed the same hlast against the
South, and the democrats of the North, in
favor of the Fillhore ticket. The follow
ing passages will give an idea of the tone
of this impassioned appeal to the whigs a
gainst the South:
‘The wbigs of the North have long seen and
‘known that the slats power was the governing
‘power of this Union. They hsve seen and felt
‘that that power was exerted and directed in hosti
‘lity to the Fax* Mar, and the Fkas Um of
“THE UNION OF THE STATES AND TH SS SOVEREIGNTY OF THE STATES.”
COLUMBUS, GEORGIA, TUESDAY MORNING, JULY 4, 1848.
‘the North. They have seen Northern politicians
‘and Northern statesmen, truckling, bending, yield
ing to that power lor the sake of participating in
‘its patronage, feeding upon the loaves and fishes
‘which it used to bestow, and enjoying the spoils
‘with which usurpers and tyrants in all ages, re
‘ward the instruments they use to accomplish their
‘ends.’
After thus denouncing them as tyrants
and usurpers, they rejoice over the defec
tion of the Barnburners from the democrat
ic part}’, as a glorious prospect for whig
victory over the South thus :
‘Elated with its unexampled success, the slave
‘power has become so exacting, imperious and ty
rannical, that the endurance of its ‘Northern ally’
‘hasceased to be a virtue, and now, for the first
‘time in the history of our government, our eyes
‘behold and our ears are greeted with the glad tid
ings that a large and overwhelming majority ofthe
‘Free Spirits of the North are determined at
‘once and forever to fix and limit the bounds of sla
very within our glorious Union, and to say to it,
‘tftus for shall thou go and no farther.’
The address concludes with the follow
ing appeal to tbr mti-skivery passions of
the North in fj vor of the Filimore ticket:
‘For the first time, the vote of each elector will
‘directly express lis sentiments~on the great sub
ject of Freedom and Slaverv, so far as the fed
‘eral government is concerned.’
‘Now, we appeal to the Free Spirits of the
‘North, the Freeman of New York, to go to the
‘polls with that power and energy which the
•of true freeddm never fails to inspire, and on the
‘going down of the sun on the of the second of No
vember, let the Empire State through the ballot
‘boxes proclaim in tones of thunder, in the language
‘ofthe immortal Jelferson, that ‘al! men are by na
ture free and equal!’ And let the lightning of
‘of heaven, before the sun sets on the following day
‘scatter the glad tidings throughout the length and
‘breadth of our country, that hereafter and forever,
‘New York will not consent to the extension of the
‘bounds of slavery.’
With .these inflammatory appea's, coup
led with the fiercest denunciations of the
democratic ticket; as pledged to the slave
interests, the whig ticket, we all know,
succeeded by a very large majority. Fill
more, and his associates were all elected,
and the welkin was made to ring with the
triumph of Northern interests over the
South and its “natural allies,” the demo
crats. And thus did they rejoice in their
victory—we copy from an Albany whig
paper:
•New York is on the side of freedom. Her es
cutcheon is purified. Henceforth her powerful
‘voice will tell with effect against the encroach
‘ments of slavery. No dough face will ever again
‘disgrace her proud name in the halls of Congress.
‘She will send forth no more representatives to
‘yield themselves the willing tools of those whtrare :
‘striving to extend and perpetuate an institution
‘inimical to liberty and dangerous to the safety and
‘union of the republic.”
And not only in New York, hut in the
neighboring States, did the election of this
Fillmore ticket bring forth the congratula
tions of the Whigs of the North for a great
triumph of the anti-slavery party—a vic
tory over the South, and its friends.
Hear the Boston Atlas :
‘Glouious News.— listen to the Whig thunder
from the Empire State, — The friends of free
dom, the advocates of the rights of the free* North,
‘the opponents of a wasteful war, have won a glori
‘ous, overwhelming and stupendous victory in the
‘Empire State. The lovers of freedom and the ha
‘ters of all encroaching slavery, have triumphed.
‘The upholders of the]war of all invasive aggression
‘and wrong, the advocates of the spread of human
‘slavery, have been trampled in the dust, by the
‘people of New York. The battle has been met
‘on the great issue of War or Pface— of Fhee
‘dom or Slavery— and a victory has been won,
‘for which every true lover of freedom in the land
‘cannot fail to rejoice. On the one hand, were en
gaged the opponents,—on the other, suppor
ters of the principle so Extension of Slavery.
•The issue has been boldly met by the advocates of
‘slavery, and the result is all that the warmest
‘friend of freedom could desite. It will fill with ter
ror and dismay the ranks of Locofocoism.’
We could fill our paper with similar
proofs of the position occupied by Mr. Fill
more—only last November, as a represen
tative of the Northern hatred to slavery,
the instrument by which the North obtain
ed a victory over Southern tyrants and
usurpers, and determined on the exclu
sion of slave States and territory from the
Union forever.
This being the established and incontro
vertible position of Mr. Fillmore and his
friends on the vital question of slavery—
his selection by the whigs as a candidate
for the Vice Presidency—authorizes us
to add to the other charactercristics of the
ticket that of anti-slavery restriction.
It may read now— Taylor, Fillmore
and Webster, the Tariff of 1842, and the
exclusion of slavery from all new territo
ry, now and forever.
This is a pretty long “tail” to the “head”
of the whig ticket. How will it suit those
Southern men who have been clamoring
for Gen. Taylor on Southern grounds—
and especially those who have publicly
pledged themselves to vote for no ticket
whatever, which {was tainted in any part
with the Wilmot proviso ? We shall wait
patiently to see who is hurrying down the
“ back track.”
A DEVICE FOR THE TAYLOR OPPOSI
TION.
In order to give eclat td the campaign,
it will be appropriate that our opponents
should unfurl their banner, inscribed with
such devices as will divert attention from
the absence of all reference to principle.—
Let us give them an idea:
For the North, they can have General
Taylor seated on his plantation, surroun
ded with three hundred SLAVES, and
reading his political primer, forthe purpose
of beginning to understand something of the
science of government, of which he con
fesses himself to be entirely ignorant.
For the South, they can have a picture
of Millard Fillmore, the candidate’ for
Vice President, with extracts from his
speeches and copies of his votes on the side
of the abolitionists—and with short para
graphs from his addresses in favor of the
Bank and ultra Protection.
For the Peace men, there might he co
pied the following extract from General
Taylor’s letter to Governor Marcy, May
6, 1848.
On our side a battery for four 18 pounders will
be completed, and the guns placed in battery to
day. These guns bear directly upon the public
square of Matamoras, and within good range for
demolishing the towns. Their object cannot be
mistaken by the enemy, and will, I think, effectu
ally restrain him from any enterprises upon our
side ofthe river.
For the War men, they can give extracts
from Corwin’s speech, who wanted the
Mexicans to give the Americans “a wel
come with bloody hands and inhospitable
graves,” or that other declaration of Mr.
Webster, who declared that all laurels
won in this unjust war were soiled and dis
honored.
Mr. Collier’s proposition to run “old
Whitey”— Taylor’s horse—for Vice Pres
ident, can be represented by a portrait of
that famous steed, * which may catch some
votes; while there might be a capital vig
nette of the Whig Convention murdering
Henry Clay —“the National slaughter
House,” as Greeley calls it—for the pur
pose of tickling the fancies of the orignal
friends of old Zach. — [Philadelphia Plain
Dealer.
Another expedition to Oregon and Upper Cal
ifornia under Col. Freicont, win leave the United
States early next July.
From the Federal Union, [Extra,] June 23, 1548.
DEMOCRATIC STATE CONVENTION.
Milledgeville, June 21, 1848.
In accordance with the call of the Cen
tral Committee authorized by a resolution
agreed to at a Democratic meeting in the
winter of 1847, the Democratic party of the
State of Georgia assembled this day at the
capitol in the Hall of the House of Repre
sentatives, for the purpose of nominating an
Electorial Ticket for President and Vice
President of the United States to be sup
ported by the Democracy of Georgia.
On motion of James Jackson, Esq., of
the county of Walton, for the purpose of
organizing the Convention,
Gen. Robinson, of the County of Wash
ington, was called to the Chair, and Fred.
11. Sanford and John T. Smith, appointed
Secretaries.
The counties being called in their or
der, the following delegates appeared, to
wft; .- .
Baldwin —Gen. J. W. A. Sanford, D.
C. Campbell, Alien Little, George Rowell,
M. D. Huson, Thomas C. Humphries, Lu
ther Swank, Wm. Steele, I. D. Buckner
and S. B. Brown.
Bibb —George W. Fish and Thos. N.
King.
Bulloch —W. H. Rawls and Jno. Good
man.
Butts —James H. Stark and E. McDan
iel.
Cass —Julius M. Patton.
Chatham —M. H. McAllister, Robert
11. Griffin, Thos. Purse and Jno. L. Swin
ney.
Clark Bailey.
Columbia —Thos.E. Beall, Jas. C. Pear
re and Thos. M. Watson.
Fayette —Jno. J. Whitaker.
Forsyth —John S. Julian and Charles
Harris.
Hancock —Thos. Hunt,Thos. C. Grimes,
and E. S. Barnes.
Henry-— Luther J. Glenn,Peter Z. Ward,
and Frauds M. Hail.
Jackson —N. C. Jarrat and T. Harrison.
Jefferson —A. R. Wright and E. B.
Hook.
Jones —D. N. Smith, M. W. Lowe, Jo
seph G. Stiles, Jonathan Parish, Owen
Murphey and Asbury Kingman.
Morgan —Wm. Woods, Thos. S. Bon
ner and Benjamin S. Jones.
■ ■ Muscogee —Jno. Forsyth and J. T. Flew
ellen.
Newton —F. H. Heard, H. P. Rich
ards, B. F. McKay and Jas. D. Johnson.
Oglethorpe —William McKinley, David
C. Barrow, Marshal Jackson and John
Pope.
Pulaski —E. G. Park, Jos. Caruthers,
C. S. Hawley, R. C.Carruthers and Thos.
D. L. Ryan.
Putnam —Wm. Turner, P. J. Mullins,
T. G. Sanford and S. Tidwell.
Richmond —Jas. Gardner, Jr., and W.
R. McLaws.
Walton —James Jackson and W. D.
Heath.
Warren —Oliver P. Butt.
Washington —Samuel Robison, Jas. W.
Tray wick, Wright W. Buck, J. P. Welch,
N. G. Warthen, S. N. Jones and Jas. S.
Hook.
Wilkinson —Arthur E. Cochran, Bryant
O’Bannon and A. V. McCardel.
The call of the counties being gone
through with,
On motion of Col. D. C. Campbell, J.
H. Stark, Esq., of the county of Butts, was
unanimously nominated President of the
Convention, and Messrs. Campbell, Jack
son of Walton and Griffin were appointed
a committee to inform him of his nomina
tion and conduct him to the Chair—and
that duty being performed,
On taking the Chair as President of the
Convention, he tendered his acknowledg
ments for the honor conferred, and in his
usual happy democratic style, addressed
the convention upon the purposes for which
it had been called together.
The Convention being thus organized,
On motion of Mr. Jackson of Walton,
Resolved, That the rules for the govern
ment of the House of Reps., be adopted
as the rules for the government of this Con
vention.
On motion of Mr. Gardner of Richmond,
Resolved, That a committee of thirteen
be appointed by the Chair to report to this
convention by Preamble and Resolutions
matter for its action, and the same being
agreed to, the chairman appointed
Messrs. Gardner, Sanford of Baldwin,
Forsyth, Jackson of Walton,Griffin, Glenn,
McKinley, Bailey of Clark, Patton, Coch
ran, McLaws, Turner and Parrish, that
Committee.
On motion ol Geo. W. Fish, Esq.
Resolved, That the delegates present
from each county be entitled to cast the
full vote to which that county is entitled,
upon the old basis of apportionment in
any nominations to be made by this conven
tion.
Col. D. C. Campbell offered the follow
ing resolutions, to-wit:
Resolved, That the delegates from the
different Congressional Districts constitute
committees to report the names of candi
dates for electors in the several Districts.
Resolved, That a committee of one, from
each District be appointed to report the
names of candidates for the two electors for
the State at large.
And the same being amended by Mr.
Glenn, by adding “ and that said commit
tees report the name of one individual for
two alternate electors for the State at
large,” were agreed to.
Whereupon, under the second resolu
tion, the Chair appointed as a committee of
one from each District: *
Messrs: Swinncy, of the Ist District.
Park of the 2d “
’ Fish, 3d “
Whitaker, 4th “
Julian, sth “
Harrison, 6th “
Campbell, 7th “
Barnes, Bth “
The Convention then adjourned until 3
o’clock, p. m.
3 o’clock, f. m.
The Convention met pursuant to adjourn
ment :
Col: Campbell from the committee of
eight, to present the names of two suitable
persons for electors for the State at large,
and two alternates, reported the names
of
Walter T. Colquitt ofthe county of Troup
and M. HaU McAllister of the county of
Chatham, Electors:
WiUiam B. Wofford of the county of
Habersham, and E. R. Brown of the coun
ty of Sumter, Alternates.
Which report was unanimously agreed
to.
The nomination of Electors from each
District being caUed for, Mr. McAUister
from the Ist district, reported the name of
John W. Anderson of Chatham, for Elec
tor, and Mark WUcox of Telfair, for Alter
nate.
Mr. Park from the 2d district, reported
the name of Abner H.Flewellen of Musco
gee, for Elector, and L. B. Mercer of Lee.
for Alternate.
Mr. Fish from the 3d district, reported
the name of Allen Cochran of Monroe, for
‘Elector, and Jesse Carter of Talbot for Al
-1 ternate.
Mr. Whitaker from the 4th district, re
ported the name of John D. SteU of Fay
ette, for Elector, and John Ray of Coweta,
for Alternate.
Mr. Patton from the sth district, reported
the name of Lewis Tumlin of Cass, for
Elector, and Ira R. Foster of Forsyth, for
Alternate.
Mr. Bailey from the 6th district reported
the name of Robert E. McMillan of Elbert
for Elector, and James Jackson of Walton,
for Alternate.
Mr. Turner from the 7th district, repor
ted the name of William McKinley of
Oglethorpe, for Elector, and Junius A.
Wingfield of Putnam, Alternate.
Mr. McLaws from the Bth district, repor
ted the name of James Gardner, Jr. of
Richmond, for Elector, and Robert W.
Flournoy, of Washington, for Alternate.
AU of which nominations were unanim
ously agreed to.
On motion of Mr. Gardner,
Resolved, That it be the duty of the
Secretaries of this Convention to notify the
Electors and their Alternates of their nom
ination, and to request their acceptance.
Mr. Gardner, from the committee of thir
teen, appointed to report to this Conven
tion by preamble and resolutions, the mat
ter for its action, made the following report,
to-wit:
WuKnxAs, It is a useful and becoming custom
for the citizens ot this great confederacy, whose
government exists by the consent of the govern
ed—whose policy should be the embodiment of the
popular will, and whose measuses should be shap
ed with a view to promote the happines and pros
perity of the people, to give frequent expression to
to views of the great and fundamental principles
of the Federal Compact, and of measures affecting
the national rights and honor—the foreign relations
political and commercial, of the country, and the
great measures of legislation bearing upon the rights
the interests, and the pursuits of the people:
And whereas. The present condition of our na
tional affairs both in reference to its foreign rela
tions and domestic policy is peculiarly interesting,
involving mans questions in which public sentiment
in divided in this country:
We therefore the|represent<itives ofthe Democrat
ic party of Georgia, in General Convention assem
bled, declare to the world the following positions,
to maintain which, we pledge the beast exertions
ofthe democracy, and coidially invito the co-oper
ation of all gotd citizens of the State of Georgia
.l Resolved. That the Resolutions of the recent
Democratic National Convention of Baltimore set
forth to the true theory, principles and policy of
our National Republican Government, and that
this Convention unreservedly adopts them as ex
pressive of the sentimen's ofthe democracy of Geor
gia, and the grounds on which our party aspires to
political ascendency in this State.
2. Resolved, ‘'’hat itjis the duty of every politi
cal party aimed to acquire the confidence and sup
port of the people, to set forth the principles of the
party, its views on all leading measures of govern
mental policy on which public opinion is divided,
and that all concealment in reference to them is an
attempt at fraud on the public, and deserving the
inegnant scorn and emphatic rebuke of a free and
intelligent people.
3. Resolved, That the high offices of honor and
trust in the government were created by the fra
mers of the Constitution; for the benefit of the peo
ple, and with a view to their being filled by those
whose views and opinion are known to he in con
formity to the national sentiment on all great ques
tions of governmental policy, and that no man,
whatever may be his personal merits or services,
is worthy to be elevated to responsible official sta
tions whose opinions are crude and unsettled, or
who refuses to define them clearly and explicitly to
the people.
4. Resolved, That we recognize in Lewis Cass,
of Michigan, the nominee of the Democratic Con
vention for the office of President of the United
States, a wise and ex perienco statesman, having a
thorough acquaintanced with the foreign affairs-and
domestic interests of our country, which he has
displayed withemment ability in diplomatic po
sitions, in the cabinet, and in the councils of
the nation, and whose memorable services in the
tented field have proved him a patriotic and gal
lant soldier, worthy the highest admiration of the
American people.
5. Resolved, That in addition to the distinguish
ed political life and services ofthe Democratic nomi
nee lor tho Presidency his sentiments, on all im
portant questions of policy arc made known to the
country by his adoption of the Resolutions of the
Baltimore Convention is comprising his political
creed, and show him to be a jfound democrat, and
every way worthy the ‘enthusiastic support of the
democracy of Georgia, ane of the Union.
6. Resolved, That the opinions of the democra
cy of Georgia on the question of slavery in the ter
ritories were correctly set forth in the resolution of
the late Democratic Convention at Milledgeville,
in December last, which declares that “the people
ol the South do not ask of Congress to establish the
institution of slavery in any of the territories that
may be acquired by the United States. They sim
ply require that the inhabitants of such territory
shall be left free to determine for themselves] wheth
er the institution of slavery shall or shall not form
a part of their social system.” And be it further
Resolved, that the opinion of General Cass, as free
ly and frankly given to the world in his published
ed letter to Mr. Nicholson, of Tennessee, and as
openly proclaimed by him in the Senate of the
United States, conform to these declared sentiments
of the democracy of Georgia.
7. Resolved, That these sentiments of the demo
cracy of Georgia, and ol the democratic nominee
for President, constitute a safe and judicious platform
on which the intelligent and patriotic of every sec-,
tion of the Union can harmoniously rally and unite
to put down Wilmot Provisoism, and all other dis
organinizing and factions schemes, calculated to dis
tract our free and happy country, on a sectional
question, and to sunder our glorious Union into
fiagments.
8. Resolved, That in view of the momentous
consequences which might result from the triumph
of those factious demagogues who seek to array the
prejudices of the non-slaveholding States against
the South and her domestic institutions, and by
means of the Wilmot Proviso and kindred mea
sures of legislation to introduce unconstitutional and
unjust dsstinctions between the rights of the repec
tive sections of the Union, the democracy of Geor
gia, hail the nomination of a Northern candidate,
sound on the slavery question, as an auspicious
event, offering strong inducements to the patriotic
and just of all sections, and more especially of the
South, to unite harmoniously in his election as the
best means of breaking down Northern fanaticism
and faction, and their contemplated outrage upon
Southern rights.
9. Resolved, That the advocacy of the claims of
any candidate for the Presidency upon ground*
other t than broad and national—grounds based
solely on sectional and local consideration* is in its
very nature, fraught with evil and with danger,
undemocratic, and contrary to the design and spirit
of our institutions.
10. Resolved, That the nomination of the gallant
accomplished and talented Gen. William O. Butler,
of Kentucky, for the Vice Presidency, meats the
cordial approbation of this Convention, and that
his consistent and truly democratic course and opin
ions, both in and out of Congress, afford a guaran
tee to the American people that should any casu
alty befall Gen. Cass, they would still be secure of
an able, just and truly democratic administration.
11. Resolved, That the expressed views of Gen.
Taylor, in opposition to the exercise of the Veto
power, in connection with the circumstance that be
is sustained by a party who have proclaimed their
enmity to that feature of our constitution, are facts
fraught with peril to the Southern people, and would
render his election to the Presidency, a great na
tional calamity.
12. Resolved, That io the determination of Lew
is Case to meet any interference of Congress with
the rights of the South, as guarantied by the com
promises of the constitution, with a fearless exer
cise of the Veto power, we recognize a patriotic
resolution to protect the Bouth and to save the Uni
on.
13. Resolved, That the high tariff views of Mil
lard Filmore, and hbwell known affiliation with
the Wilmot Provisoists and other opponents at the
North of Southern institutions, render him peculi
arly obnoxious to the citizens of Georgia and the
South, as a candidate for the second office in the
gift of the people.
14. Resolved, That the warmest thanks and ad
miration of the people are due to James K. Polk
and George M. Dallas, for the able and satisfactory
manner in which they have discharged their high
trust, and that the whole conduct of national inter
ests iu reference both to its internal affairs and its
j NUMBER 28.
foreign relations, and more especially in the pros
ecution, to an honorable peaee, of die just and ne
cessary war with Mexico—& war, wantonly and
wickedly, commenced by that nation, after a series
of unparalleled outrages on our national dignity,
and the rights of our citizens, constitute an admin
istration unsurpassed in the annuals of oar govern
ment, for brilliancy, efficiency and vigor, and which
will shine gloriously bright in all future time, among
the brightest pages of our country’s history
15. Resolved, That those members of Congress
who voted supplies of men and money, to prosecute
the war, which in that vote they declared to be
commenced by the act of Mexico, and afterwards
voted in favor of the infamous Ashmun amendment
which declared that war to be unnecessarily and un
constitutionally begun by the President of the Uni
ted States, were guilty of gross inconsistency and
insincerity, and of a dereliction of duty which de
serves the indignant rebuke of a virtuous and patri
otic people; and that the political party which will
justify and uphold such glaring delinquency, is un
worthy of being intrusted with the political power
of the country.
16. Resolved , That the people of the Uuited
States, without distinction o( party, are under last
ing obligations to the officers and men of the glori
ous armies of Mexico, for the valor and enthusiasm
with which they have carried out the wise plans of
the administration, and brought the Mexican war
to a close, without the slightest spot upon our
arms.
17. Resolved, That tho restoration of Peace, by
a treaty with Mexico, highly advautogous and hon
orable to our country, and which fully vindicates
our national honor and dignity, is an auspicious event
upon which we ofler our congratulations to the
whole American people.
18. Resolved, That history records the fact, which
we rejoice in, and are proud of aa democrats, that
the Democratic Party is the only one that ever ad
ded a square mile, or an acre of new territory to
our Republic, and that it is the glory of our party,
that we alone have shown that the constitution of
our fathers can embrace thirty States as well as
thirteen; and now at the termination of the Mexi
ican War, by which Texas and other new lands,
equal to ten States like Georgia in size, are added
to our borders, we feel happy in our title to boast,,
that by the blessing of God, who has so often bles
sed our Republic, the Democratic Party has put far
away, if not forever, famine, fear and civil war, and
all the other evils of over-crowded population, which
distress the old world.
All of which were unanimously agreed
to.
On. motion of Col. Campbell,
Resolved, That the Corresponding Com
mittee be authorized to fill any vacancy that
may occcur in the appointment of electors
or their alternates.
On motion of Mr. Jackson, of Walton.
Resolved, That the thanks of the demo
cratic party of Georgia are due, and are
hereby tendered to that noble band of North
ern democrats, who in storm and sunshine,
through good and evil report, have ever in
speech and action maintained the rights
of the South as guarantied by the constitu
tion.
He, also, offered the following resolu
tions, which were read and agreed to, to
wit:
Resolved, That this Convention recom
mend to the democracy of Georgia to hold
a Mass Convention of the party at Stone
Mountain, in DeKalb county, on Tuesday,
the 15th day of August nest, and that the
democrats of Gwinett and DeKalb.be, and
they are hereby requested to make the ne
cessary arrangements therefor.
Resolved further, That the democrats of
each Congressional District be earnestly
requested to hold a Mass Convention of the
party therein at such place and time as may
be most agreeable to themselves; and we
particularly exhort and urge upon our Elec
tors and alternates for the State at large to
attend said Conventions and to address the
people.
On motion of Mr. Fish,
Resolved, That with a view to an effi
cient and thorough organization of the Dem
ocratic party of this State, the Democrats
of each county be recommended to form
themselves into Democratic Associations
with constitutions and by-laws, duly adop
ted for their regulation and government.
Resolved, That the President of this Con
vention do appoint a General Central Cor
responding Committee of five to act as a
committee of vigilance, and take such steps
from time to time as the interests of the
democratic party may seem to require.
The President appointed as that commit
tee, D. C. Campbell, John W. A. Sanford
and John T. Smith, of Balwin; Jos. Day,
of Jones, and William Turner of Put
nam.
On motion of Mr. Glenn,
Resolved, That the thanks of this Con
vention are hereby returned to James H.
Stark, Esq., for the ability and dignity with
which he has presided over the delibera
tions of Convention.
Resolved, That the thanks of this Con
vention are also due, and are hereby ten
dered to the Secretaries for the the faithful,
prompt and efficient manner in which they
have discharged their duties.
On motion of Mr. Parrish,
Resolved, That the democratic papers of
this State be requested to publish the pro
ceedings of this Convention.
The Convention then adjourned sine
die.
JAMES H. STARK, Pres’t
FREn H Sanford,? Secretaries .
JOHN 1 • SiMITIIj j
From the Washington Union.
IMPORTANT TREATY•
We surrender much of our space to-day
to the publication of the important treaty
which was concluded with the government
of New Granada some months ago by our
Charge d’affaires near that power, and
which has been ratified by the Senate.
We give below the message of the Pres
ident accompanying the treaty, which pres
ents a clear and convincing statement of
the enlightened policy in which it was
framed and submitted for ratification.
For more than twenty years, our com
merce has suffered under the pressure of
heavy discriminating duties in the ports of
New Granada, from which British com*
merce has been exempt. Attemps have
been made by all our recent administrations
to remove these discriminations. Our
present Charge, Mr. Bidlack, has succeeded
in carrying the wishes of his government,
in this respect, into effect. This is a
measure in a high degree advantageous
to our trade with that country; and it is
proper in this connexion to say, that, by
the efforts of the present administration, our
relations with all the South American re
publics have been placed upon a more fa
vorable and friendly footing than they
have been before, since the period imme
diately subsequent to our recognition of
their independence.
But the most striking feature of this
treaty, and which will most attract the
public attention, is the fact that it secures
to us the right of way from the Atlantic to
the Pacific, across the Isthmus of Panama.
The conditions upon which this most im
portant advantage is secured to our com
merce, and the reasons which induced the
President to secure it, as offered—although
the treaty was negotiated on this by Mr.
Bidlack in the absence of specific ‘ instruc
tions—are distinctly set forth in the mes
sage.
The conclusion and ratification of this
treaty are, indeed, matter of high and just
congratulation. While in the history of
our foreign relations, and of our national
growth, the adjustment of the Oregon con
troversy, and the addition of California and
New Mexico to our territory, will stands u
vast monuments of the ability and success
of the present administration; this acquis
ition of a right of passage of our coin
merce—by ship-canal-or railroad—acrosts
the isthmus} ’isanaother memorable instance
in which it has set its broadmarit of benefit
upon the future commercial destiny of tho
country.
To the Senate of the United States ;
I transmit to. Ihtf Senate, for their advice with
regard to its ratification, ‘ a general treaty of peace*
amity, navigation, and commerce, betwen the Uni
ted States of Vmerica. and the republic of New
Granada,’ concluded at Bogota on tlw Klh Decem
ber last, by Benjaman A*. Bidlack, Charge d’af
faires of the United Stales, on their part, and by
Manuel Maria Tailarino, Secretary of State and
Foreign Relation?* on. the part of that republic.
It will be preceived by the 36th article of this
treaty, that New Granada proposes to guaranty to
the government and citizens of the United Stales
the right of passage across the isthmus of Panama*
over the natural roads, and over any canal or rail
road which may be constructed to Unite the two.
seae, on conditio* that the United States shall
make a similar guaranty to New Granada of tha
neutrality of this portion of her teritory, and her
sovereignty over the same.
! The reasons which caused the insertion of this
i important stipulation in the treaty, will, be folly
mads known to the Senate by the accompanying
documents. From these, it wiH appear that our
charge d’a&ues acted, in this particular, upon hia
own responsibility* and without instruction* Un
der such circumstances, it became my dnty to de
cide whether I would submit the treaty to the sen
ate ; and after mature consideration, I hare deter
mined to adopt this course*
The importance of this concession to the com
mercial and political interests of the United States
cannot easily be overated. The route by the isth
mus of Panama is the shortest between the two o
ceans; and, from the information herewith commu
nicated, H would seem to be the most practicable
for a railroad or canal.
The vast advantages to our commerce which
would reseit from such a communication, not only
with the west cooat of America, but with Asia aud
the islands of the Pacific, are too obvious to require
any detail. Such a passage would relieve us from
a long and dangerous navigation of more than nine
thousand miles around Cape Horn, and render our
communication with our own possessions on the
northwest coast of America comparatively easy and
speedy.
The communication across the isthmus ha* at
tracted the attention of the government ot the Uni
ted States ever since the independence of the South
American republics. On the 3d of March. 1835,
a resolution passed the Senate in the following
words;
“ Resolved , That the President of tho United
States be respectfully required to consider the ex
pediency of opening negotiations with the govern
ments of other nations, and particularly with the
governments of Central America and New Grana
da, for the purpose of effectually protecting, by suit
able treaty stipulations with them, such individuals
or companies as may undertake to open a communi
cation between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, by
the construction of a ship-canal across the isthmus
which connects North and South Amcrioa; and of
securing forever, by such stipulations, the free and
equal right of navigating such canal to all such na
tions, on the payment of such reasonable tolls aa
may be established, to compensate the capitalists
who may engage in such undertaking and com
plete the work.”
No person can be more deeply sensible than my
self of the danger of entangling alliances with any
foreign nation. That we should avoid such allian
ces has been a maxim of our policy, consecrated
by the most venerated names which adorn our his
tory; and sanctioned by the unanimous voice of
the American people. Our own experience has
taught us the wisdom of this maxim in the only in
stance—that of the guaranty to France of her Ameri
can possessions—in which we have ever entered
into such an alliance. If, therefore, the very pecu
liar circumstances of the present case do qpt greatly
impair, if not altogether destroy, theyjfece of thia
objection, then we ought not to the sti
pulation, whatever may be its advantages. The
general considerations which have induced me to
transmit the treaty to the Senate, for their advice,
may be summed up in the following particulars ;
1. The treaty dues not propose to guaranty *
territory to a foreign nation in which the Uuited
States will have no common interest with that na
tion. On the contrary, we are more deeply and
directly interested in the subject of this guaranty
than New Granada herself, or any other country
2. The guaranty does not extend to the territo
ries of New Granada generally, but is confined to.
the single province of the isthmus ofPanama, where
we shall acquire by the treaty a common and co
extensive right of passage with herself.
3. It will constitute no alliance for any political
object, but for a purely commercial purpose, in
which all the navigating nations of the world
will have a common interest..
4. In entering into the mutual guaranties propo
sed by the 35th article of the treaty, neither the
government of New Grenada nor that of the United
States has any narrow or exclusive viewr. Tho
ultimate object, as presented by the Senate of the
United States in their resolution to which I have
already referred, is to socure to all nations the free
and equal right ot passage over the isthmus. If
the U. States, as the chief of the American nations
should first become a party to this guaranty,it can
not be doubted—indeed, it is confidently expected
by the government of New Granada—that similar
guaranties will be given to that republic by Great
Britain and France. Should the proposition thus
tendered be rejected, we may deprive tho United
States of the just influence which its acceptance
might secure to them, and confer the glory and ben
efits of being first among the .nations in concluding
such an arrangemet upon the government either of
Great Britain of France. That either of these gov
ernment would embrace the offer, cannot well be
doubted; beeautte there does not appear to be any
other effectual means of securing to ail nations the
advantages of this important passage, but the guar
anty of great commercial powers that the isthmus
shall l>e neutral territory. The interests of the
world at stake are so important, that the security
of this passage between the two oceans cannot b
suffered to depend upon the wars and revolutions
which may arise among different nations.
Besides, such a guaranty is almost indispensable
to the construction of a railroad or canal across the
territory. Neithor sovereign States nor individuals
would expend their capital in the construction of
these expensive works, without some such security
for their investments.
The guaranty of the sovereigny of New Granada
over the isthmus is a natural consequence of the
guaranty of its neutrality; and there does not seem
to be any other practicable mode of securing the
neutrality ofthis territory. New Granada would
not consent to yield up this province in order that
it might become a neutral State; and if she sxould.it
is not sufficiently populous or wealthy to establish
and maintain an independent sovereignty. Buts
civil government must exist there, in order to pro
tect the works which shall lie constructed. New
Granada is a power which will not excite the jeal
ousy of any nation. If Great Britain, France, or
the United Statps, held the sovereignity, over the
isthmus, other nations might apprehend lint in
case of war, the government would close up the pas
sage against the enemy; but no such fears can ev.
er be entertained in regard to New Grenada.
This treaty removes the heavy discriminating’
duties against us in the ports of New Granada*
which have nearly destroyed our commerce and
navigation with that republic, and which we hnvo
been in vain endeavoring to abolish for tho last
twenty years.
It may be proper, also, to call the attention of
the Senate to the 25th article of the treaty, which
prohibits privateering in case of war betwen the
two republics; and also to the additional article,
which nationlizes all vessels of the parties which
“shall be provided by the respective governments
with t patent issued according to its lawsand, in
thisparticolv, goes further than any of onr former
treaties.
JAMES K. POLK.
WauixsTOx, February 10,1847.
Wetting Brick.— An exchange paper
has tho following:
As it is important that every one en
gaged in building should he well informed
in regard to the durability of material, we
publish the following from an exchange
paper:
Very few people, or even builders, are
aware of the advantage of wetting bricks
before laying them, or if they are aware
of it they do not practice it; for of the
many houses now in this city, theie are few
in which wet brick are used. A wall
twelve inches thick, built of good mortar
with bricks well soaked, is stronger in ev
ery respect than one sixteen inches thick,
built dry.—The reason of this is, that if
the bricks are saturated with water,
they will not abstract from the mortar
the moisture which is necessary to its
chrystalization, and on the contrary they
will unite chemically with the water,
and become as a solid as a rock. On the
other hand, if the bricks are put up dry,
they immediately take the moisture from
the mortar, leaving it too dry to harden;
and the consequence is, that when the
building of this description is taken down
or tumbles down of its own accord,
the mortar falls from it like so much sand.
The Mongomery (Ala.) Advertiser, re
presents the Wheat, Corn and cotton crops
in that neighborhood to be in a fine aud
promising coudition.