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mjr inM hMUlilj to tur aiWt system than that of putting the pro eraffaofdia public land# into the Trees arr. Thu motion of min* might bare been interpreted by some as a declaration that 1 was m fiiror ot a genera! system of •adorns? schools with the public lands, a power which Congress does not possess, and the etereiae of which it was the object es mt nrntMici to prevent. Nothing is more c women in lefiataii*r strategy than the ki&ajF'nfi Kills by amendments, netbing is more commos ilwn to endeavor to se care to one's constituents the benefit of a hill hy* amendmeuts, in apprehension of eta passing, and then voting against the hill. New. if t were compelled to vote be tween a bill giving * sections in every tewnsbip.te the new Stales alone, and ene crafcrring the same favor on all, having regard to population. I should certainly cfcoooe the letter. The result of the vari ant bills now brfore Congress, touching th public lands, if passed, would be Ibeabserpiieii of the distribution policy as among the new State*, and the non distri butioa policy as among the old Statea. To this lam opposed, and l have reason to think that my course in relation to it has already had a beneficial effect. Yen will thus perceive, sir, that there nno difference of opinion between my constituents and myself about the princi ple and policy which should prevail in re fatten to the public lands. The only question that remains, it, whether I have acted wisely respecting them. Os this my ceastitursts mutt be the judges. If I have set, and my error is toe serious to he pardoned, and ia ene which should knag my head to the block, then let them chop it off. The politician, like the soldier shotildjen (er into the service, fully appreciating the dangers that attend it; like him we must run chances of being shot: thise chances, ia each case, are more or leaa, as he is mote or less active. He who secures him aely from false uiovrs, by making none, wjU *1 course livethe longest. If he in aide oa participating ia the dangers of the aaafltct; be must abide the consequences •f ha tmsntj. 1 trait, sis, yoa wiM give this letter a yarn 4a ypar aaiimns. Teh have alrsndy parcelasT that i writ* it fur my ceatiitu aato, seta* of wHorn yaa tall me aye dissat ialad. If that dissatisfaction continass, af tor they have road this letter, and it is so attentive at to endanger the success of ear party in April, a conveation of the Democratic party should assemble and se lect a more acceptable candidate-—one * gainst whom there are no objections. 1 am will aware it is not an easy matter to find on* with no faults. Had it been, lam rare I, with ail my sins, would never have been cboooo. But our district contains a number of able and trusty men, any one of whom would ensure* Democratic triumph If yoa have partiality Tor me, sir let it m interfere with your judgment. As the organ of our party and ila principles, you have a high public duty to perform; you will not hesitate then to uige a convention if such should in your opinion become nec essary. And if it should choose anothet standard bearer, I shall fall into line with M other feeling than gratitude for past confidence, and think only of the signal generosity and forbearance which so long made my cunititaents blind to my feeble claims to*. The only source of pleasure which my present position has a fl-rdrd me, was derived fr. m the belief that I was (fin choice of my people. A doubt of this would take away the only charm that puMic life baa for me. Let this doubt then M removed or cl anged into conviction. Thn present critical condition of our party demands, more than ever before, that ev ery member of it should forego his person al wishes and aspirations. Our adversa ries are seeking to distract us, by availing tWmselvo* of recent differences. The ship Democracy, which lias weathered sa ma ny storms, find* itself again tossing among breakers. Let there be no personal con test* for the helm; the crew should name ths pilot. To one thus selected, 1 will Yield my place and cheerfully support him bat he who attempts to take it without aach authority must not eipect to slee| ot. * bed of rises during the canvass. Very truly yours, 11. K. MEADE. mqbsach abb xh non o* a hum. BOAT. Ob Wednesday last, Mrrr Driesbmch, the crlrbratrd tamer qI wild brasts, recciv d at Zanesville a telegraphic. despatch to (t to Cincinnatii. aud bring with him bn pat, the great Brazilian tiger, one of the most fer.icious animals ever tamed Herr, accordingly, took a berth on the summer Julia Dean, putting down “Herr Dnesbedt,” first beith: “Col. Alexander,” Aba him Herr gives the old tiger) second berth. Harr retnatked that the Colonel was a queer old fellow, accustomed to “sleep* tag out,” and had. withal, a peculiar fan* #y—-he would sleep on nothing but straw! fW chambermaid took awny the bed and rtfUscad it with a lull supply o< the arti* cl*. Business and preparations to start want on. Just before the last bell. Heir tad the tiger made their appearance in the cabin op; ©site the state room door. the clerk hearing an unusual stir in the cabin, opened the office door, and looking deer* the cabin, spied the glaring eyes and A rage body a! his Royal Majesty ! He reeagatsed Herr Driesbaeb, but ha did not Teltsb the appearance of Col. Alexandt r! Still he did n<* feel like ordering the par ty asheee. He felt a repugnance to that undertaking, and concluded to let things take ‘their wonted course. Herr un torbed bis state-room door, and his niajes. ty, at a bound, was on his straw bed. After a little time speut m arranging the atata-roam, Herr sat is fie. I the clerk and ethers that his pet was entirely under bis remaned, and intimated to the bar-keep er that a bottle of brandy would be relish ad by his Royal Highness, (or himself) which was brought into the state-room by tha trembling waiter, who had forgotten to bring with the liquor the requisite ac cam pant meat—-pu re water. Asa punish ment. Harr told the tiger to “take the cor ner.” which he did, sad stepping quickly oat, socked the"attouished boatman in, while he went for the water. Tne man waa w frightened that be spoks not, geitb ar dtd be now, till Herr returned andsta tad te him that he need bavo so fears, as tha tiger would keep bit place until he *r accommodated• Bu - - . - -- ■■■ 3^‘itffi ’ T A 131? AMreAIOFT^BALTI decline nr COTTON. Craileston, 11 o’clk. 20 m. A. M. 1 Feb. 20th, 1851. j The steamer Baltic arrived with Liver pool dates to the Bth. Cotton- had declin ed |d. Sales 23,000; Fair Orleans ?}d.; Mobile 74 ; Uplands 7|d.; market closed firmer than it had been during the week Macon Fab. 22d. The Constitutional Union Celebration called in this city to-day came well nigh being a failure. The audience in attend ance on the address, all told, did not ex ceed 75 to 80. The Orator of the day Col. Powers, among other things read Ritchie, Cass, Buchanan and Dallas out of the Constitutional Uaion Party. He ! eulogized Clay and Fillmore without stint or measure. He also said Bonaparte was some, hut he went down to the grave un wept rad unsung. Only two delegates from other counties are said to be in attend ance atthe dinner, although letters of invi tation were sent ali through the State. rutoxuu or cbba. Mr, Loomis'Panorama of Cuba is no humbug. It is one oftb*se works of art, entertaining, instructive and most beauti fully executed, which we take delight to praise. We almost feel that we bad been t* Cuba since we witnessed the I norarua and listened to the clear and graph ic explanations of the artist, by which it is accompanied. We have never witnessed a niort beautiful and interesting Paiioia. I ina. The pleasure of the exhibition on [ Thursday evening was very much marred by the rude and noisy behaviour of a num ber of boys. Pray have those boys any parents? If not, the City authorities, and the public should interfere to teach man iters and enforce decency of deportment in public, from these and boisterous ur chins: It is no new thing. There has not been an exhibition or a concert in this city for a year past, that has not been dis turbed and disgraced by these youthful rowdies. Unless checked, the nuisance will drive respectable people, and especial ly ladies, from these public assemblies. We were glad to see Mr. Gulleii, the Deputy Marshal, interfere on Thursday evening and disperse the little knot of upnoarious and rebellious spirits, who seriously inter ri>Mß||the exhibition and annoyed the specfs>rs. If they cannot behave them. a*T*s in public places, they should Ir turned out of them, until they can learn some idetsof decorum and of the respect that is dinwp) the presence of ladies and gentlemw^ Looms’ Panorama will be continued two nights longer, next week. On Wed nesday night, the artist has generously of fered the proceeds of the exhibition to the Female Orphan Asylum of the city. Sec notice. __ ‘ Ftai in Gkiffin.— We learn from the Jeffersonian that a destructive fire occur red in that city on Sunday night. It broke *outin the Brick Range on Hill street. The following is a list of some of the sufferers: Mrs Morris, Miliner, J. R. Martin, L. Hat ten, the daughters and cadets of Temper ance, Dr John Dorsey, Knott tc Freeman, Moor Ac Alford, Masonic Hall and Mr El liott. - The less is from fifteen to eighteon thou sand dollars. Postponed Meetino. —The meeting of the ladies of Columbus called for Friday, was postponed, until Tuesday, next, at 11 o’clock A. M. at Temperance Hall. The ladies sre particularly innted to attend at that time and place, Gea Ton Thumb was fined 910 by the city authorities in Savannah, for violating the ordinance against driving carriages on side-walks. It was the General’s Lillipu tian equipage that offended. The News thinks he ought to have been excused on the principle of the law maxim— de mini mu lex non curat. Boston Rows.—Our telegraphic ac counts show some pretty scenes in Bos ton. It seems much harder to make the l abolitionists submit to the-” Peace Mea sures than the “Poor South.” Trial or Gen Hendeeson.— I The Mont gomery Advertiser and Gazette says : “The General Government is hunting dowu the brave Missisippians with blood hound ferocity, and this gentleman has beeu put upon his trial for the third time. The whole venire or forty-eight jurors, first summoned, were exhausted without get ting a single juror. When a man attempts to tie his cravat a* round a lamp post, you may presume he has been imbibing something, or inhaling chloroform. Baltimore, Feb. 18-9 30 p. m. The steamship Cresent City, from Cha- Em. arrived at New-York to-day with two mdred and eighteen passengers. ■ovnour xiran paxtt—omuois. Thg Mobile Register comments as fol lows on the ’platform” adopted by the Con vention lately held in this city: “Now against all of this, we, asJSouth ern Rights men, fully concurring in the views of the Convention as to the wrongs and dangers of the south, enter our most unqualified and decided protest It is a wild. Quixotic, injudicious and impracti cable scheme, affording no remedy for past evils, and calculated to plunge the country into irretrievable ruin. It is the wont form of political and social suicide and would kill the patient instead of re lieving his sufferings.” Hie Columbus (G) Times speaks thus of the advocates Os SBtfft flights: “No man nor paper Aged prate about I Southern ftigkte, qislevke be prepared to leek boldly in thence *k remedy Tor On this the Alabama Journal offers these remarks: ■ ? “Che Hines speaks the truth. There is no medium between Up Georgia Piatfcrwv and secession for tit* late acts of gross—not a plank os; scantling to serve as a resting even the most adroit, motley-colored', ttunfliiig politician them all. Vague which means notfiing, which accomplishes nothing, and which nuthin£ can define, is miserable Thus weg o! The poor south! No con cert of action—no harmony of sentiment; her people can only agree to disagree, and while wasting their energies in dis puting and wrangling at hOme, the north W * Es STtf^MtE 4 pre * i * luSlliKuOQStt . • present situafion of affairs without pretu dice or bias, such Fenimore nesa of our cause, and wonder at our for bearance ; yet the southern people them selves are actually disputing * with one another at home about whetbe/ they have been really wronged or not, and whether to resist unconstitutional legislative inter ference with their institutions would be a a virtue or a crime— Mont. Atlas. . “Melancholy spectacle!” quoth the At las, and we echo the exclamation. ■ Buj how cheering a spectacle to the abolition ists ! How must they gloat over these divi sions, and how despise the weak and truck ling spirit, that smoothes and makes easy the very way they have “blazed” for the accomplishment of their infernal designs. We are amazed at the fatuity that indites such sentiments as those embraced in the foregoing extracts from the Mobile Regis ter. “ Fully concurring in the view of the convention as to the wrongs and the dangers of the south” ; yet the Register enters its “most unqualified and decided pro test” against the only feasible plan to ar rest those wrongs and save the south from those dangers. What more does aboli tion want than this? How more plain lyjcould it be told to lay on the lash, upon our obedient backs, and roll on the ac cursed wave of fanatical agitation that is to whelm us in its desolating waters? We are wronged, we are in danger! but for God's sake, do not think of resistance! To resist in the only effectual mode is the “worst form of political and social sui cide.” We protest against both the poli cy and the truth ofthese declarations. But admitting it were true, is it not better to meet our fate with a manly effort to avert it, than with prostrate forms, hugging the dust and cringing before our reckless foes? And has it come to this ? Is it true that the “Peace measures” have reduced us to this fearful dilemma, that danger and de struction must be our doom whether we submit or resist ? Are we ieally in this aw ful predicament! Then we say, the time for action has come—the time to make the struggle is upon us, even though it be a death struggle with the overpowering fa tality of our condition. But we say it is a false libel on the spirit and power for self preservation that exists in the south, to say that resistance to admitted wrong, involves aelf-destruction. [We say we are than our oppressors, and it is only be cause of the accursed croakers ot the for rum and the press, that the south is not now exerting that Herculean strength to defend her institutions and send dismay ;and defeat into the ranks of her enemies. [We have the, power to redress our wrimg s, and to save the union too, And it is such counsels as those of the Mobile Register Jthat is dooming both our rights and the un ton to destruction. The thing is as easy and as simple as adding two and two to gether. We want nothing but unanimity !mong ourselves—nothing but for the outh to r.se up as one man, and say to tiis Government, give us JUSTICE, or we break forever the political ties that unite tis. Would that produce dissolution ? So far lrom it, it is the only way to save the Union. The Government would comply with such a demand. It would not dare to refuse it—the north itself would comedown with an avalanche of public opinion upon Congress, and force it, at the price of bare justice, to save the north from the deso lating evils of a_dissolutioii of the Unions By this course the real conservatism ofthe north would be aroused—the Sewards and the Greeleys would sink in dismay bqfore the uprising torrent of a violently excited interest ; and the members of Congress would be relieved from the slavery of. pub lic opinion which sow forces them to per secute the south and to anti-slavery agita tion, as the price ot their seats. The north knows this as well as we do ; and its honest m6n, its true Patriots, like Paulding are amazed at the cowardice, the tolly, the gross infatuation which pre vail in Southern Councils, and which bind the arm of the Giant in helpless impo tence to his side. We say this course would secure us jus tice. It we had the power to speak one single week, for the whole south, and to utter its sentiments with the sanction that they would be sustained by its courage and its might; we would stake our life on settling this question, past, as well as present and future, on the principles of perfect justice, and on the basis of the constitution. , / But what when timidity, treachery and folly aredaily pouring their destructive counsels into the southern ear! when the danger and wrong are belittled —the difficulties of remedy magnified, aud prominent above the great questions of right and liberty, prosperity and life, are forever heard the songs of the hypocritical s Wo say bless the union, if it affords us the position and the rights of a free citi zen; and curse the Union, if it makes us a slave, and an inferior to the yaukee. The worst of all this folly is, that it is leading to the very perils, which these men pretend so much to fear. This ques tion must be settled.. It not settled peace ably and constitutionally, it will be set tled by the sword and in blood. Every new act of submission in the assailed sec tion, provoking new energy and courage in the assailants, increases the danger aud approximates the crisis. Who supposes the south will..give up its slaves without blood ! And who that knows the spirit of abolition, doubts that to force their being given up, js their final object! The crisis is impending, and it will come at that pre cise moment of time, when the north thoroughly persuaded of southern cow ardice and non-resistance, will take some over-bold step which shall at last arouse the people to a sense of the danger of their institutions. The country is this moment in a revolu tionary crisis. Under this calm exterior there slumbers the elements of a volcano. ; Our planters have never yet realized that their slave property was really in danger. Nor is tit is wonderful, when we consider the quiet and retired nature of their em ployment*—they arc in the country, Sowing, planting and harvest -iog ; in the enjoyment of their pro petty and in their relations with their happy stives'. “ They cawrtotaealize that theta ifi danger; or if they think ol it, rtfliTas an evil day, afar -frif. - once,'’ carry this truth home to their minds; once break the spell of security which it is the vocation of submission to throw around them; ud then the revolution is begun. Now just as certain as we hold this pen, do we believe this period is to come. Abo lition and submission are working hand in hand to bring it about. When it comes it will be too late to save the union. It will havf fallen a victim to lawless ag gression on one side, and base submission on the other. Note it may be >aved—but never, so long as union parties are formed, anti-secessioh preached, and submission practised.at the south. There are times in — 1 —— - the history of nations as well as men, when audacity is prudence; and when the counsels of abused “enthusiasts” and “ul tras” will save vast interests, and assert great principles which would be forever lost under the guidance of owl-eyed wis dom, and halting cowardice, miscalled, conservatism _ ‘ ‘ / [Prom the Montgomery Advertiser.] POPULATION ABB CONGRESSIONAL REPRE SENTATION The census of 1850 has not yet been published. But the returns are now suf ficiently ascertained to permit an approxi mate statement for most of the Slates and Territories. We willcontentoursei veswsth laying these before our readers for the present without remark, but with a com parison with the census of 1810 as fol lows; New England States. 1850 1840. 1. Maine, ‘ 5f>3,026 500.438 2. New Hampshire, 817,997 284,036 3. Vermont, 314,332 291,218 4. Massachusetts, 985,900 720,030 5. Rhode Island, 147,503 105,587 6. Connecticut. 371,982 301,856 Total New Eng. 2,719,840 2,234,821 Other States, 7. New York, 3,099.249- 2,428,921 8. New Jersey, 480,381 373,306 9. Pennsylvania, 2,250,000 1,724,033 10. Delawaie. 90,467 78,085 11. Maryland, 575,150 470,(117 12. Virginia, 1,428,863 1,219 764 13. N. Carolina 870,509 753.419 14. S. Carolina, 639.099 594,398 15. Georgia, 950,000 691,392 16. Florida, 85.000 54,477 17. Alabama, 800,000 590,956 18. Mississippi, 580,000 375,654 19. Lousiana, 525,000 352,411 20. Arkansas, 198,778 97,574 21. Texas, \ 175,000 New. ‘ 22. Tennessee, 1,050,000 829,210 23. Mentucky, 987,950 770,828 14. Ohio. 2,150.000 1,419,487 15. Indiana. 1,250,000 685,866 26. Illinois, 850,000 476.184 1 27. Missouri, 681,547 383,7021 28. Michigan, 397,576 212,267 29. Wisconsin, 305.121 30,945 30. lowa, 175,000 43,112 81. California, 165,000 New. Total, 31 States, 23.479,468 17,029,630 Territories, <J-c. Dist, ot Columbia 54,000 38,745 Minnasotta, 6,139 New. Oregon. 10,000 New Utah, 20,000 New. New Mexico, 75,000 New. Total States, &c„ 23,644 607 17,063,375 Texas, California, Utah and New Mex ico, having been annexed to the U States since 1810,* no estimate is made of their population in that year. The population of Mineasota, and Oregon in 1840, is of course unknown. The population on which the lower house of Congress will be based, stands very nearly as f< Hows: . White* ....•• 19,879,;468, Kreecoloreii , r >00.00(T Slaver, •••• 3,100,000 In the basis of federal representation, only three fifths of the slaves will be calculated and their representative number will there upon be 1,869,000. The rest of the pop ulation added thereto will make a total of 22,239,468 for the thirty-one States, which will be a fraction over 95,000 to the rep resentative. The next n pportioninent of representa tion among the States will probably be as follows : RATIO RATIO. Aeir. Old. New Old. Maine, 6 7 Alabama, 7 7 N Hampshire, 3 4 Mississippi 4 4 Vermont, 3 4 Lousiana, 4 4 Mass. 10 10 Texas, 2 2 Rhode Istaud, 2 2 Arkansas 2 1 Connecticut 4 4 Tennessee, 11 11 New York, 33 34 Kentucky, ‘9 10 New Jersey, 5 5 Ohio, 23 21 Pennsylvania 24 24 Indiana, 12 10 Deleware, 1 1 Illinois, 9 7 Maryland, 6 0 Missouri, 7 5 Virginia, 13 15 Michigan, 4 3 N. Carolina 8 9 Wisconsin, 33 S. Carolina, 5 7 lowa, 2 2 Georgia, 8 8 California, 2 2 Florida, 1 1 -- Total -233 233 Editor'! Correspondence. Mobile, Feb. 1831. I almost despair, however, of seeing the people of the south sufficiently aroused to the contemplation of the dangers which surround them, until some tangible and overwhelming calamity overtakes them. The times are commercially too prosper ous ; cotton is too high. The people are nearly out of debt; and they are disposed to reason as the Irish member of Parlia ■ merit did when he was importuned to vote tor some measure for the benefit of poster ity, which involved some present loss.— “What has posterity done for me, that I should make any sacrifices for posterity!” So with the people—they say “let pos terity take care of these great questions. Trouble inay be put off for our time. j~ Base, ignoble and cowardly as this “put off the evil day ” policy may be, there can be no doubt that in our day and gen eration there are thousands who are ac tuated by such motives- in the course they advocate to be pursued on the great issues now upon us. The action of South Caro lina may precipitate the crisis; if that State too, does not swallow her declara tions aud back out from her lofty resolves, as Georgia has done That State now holds the destiny of the south in the hol low of her hands. And if she prove re-, creant, our fate is sealed for half a centu ry to come. Consolidation, a splendid national government, corruption, aboli tion measures, aud all the evils of Pando ra’s box will be let loose upon our country, unless we may be so fortunate as to find some modern Cromwell, bold, daring and talented enough to seize the reins of pow er, and hold them with an equal hand by the “grace of God,” over all sections of his domains, I prefer one tyrant to mil lions, if that is the alternative. If on the other hand. South Carolina acts up to her high destiny, and treads the open path ot duty, honor, interest and patriotism, eve ry southern heart, not traitorous to its home and interests will leap for joy. And should a drop ot southern blood be shed by the unhallowed hand of federal power, 300,009 southern men would unsheath the sword, never to be returned to its scab bard until every mercenary soldier were driven across the Potomac, and every federal ship far, Beyond the coast of ern States. The abstract right of a itate to secede from the uifcbp* P° southern kState has been mean and base enough to deny. With all the submission tendency ot two or three of them, the most of them have repeatedly asserted tha right—some as a constitutional right, because all “pow ers not granted are reserved to the States,” and this not being granted, must be re served ; others as an extra constitutional right, resulting from the very nature of the federal compact (which (is the true doctrine in tny view,) others again, as a right synonimous with, and in its effects equivalent to revolution— last, for getting that our slaves of the African race can claim the same right—-a right of-na-. tuH antecedent to all human contrivances of government, or arrangement of aocia relations. Our State is progressing in the organiz ation of “Southern Rights Associations.” They will be finally organized in every county I think. Our association here is i on the increase in members and respecta bility. We hope these organizations may dh good to the cause of Southern Rights, by spreading inlbrmation among the peo ple, and counteracting thepoisonous mala ria emanating from the few free soil presses of the State—but I confess that it has the appearance to my mind of a very small beginning, and a very inadequate means to accomplish the deliverance of our people from federal thraldom ; and to enable us to reclaim the empire of which the north has robbed us, through the aid of a few southern traitors, and to secure amnesties for the future. The times re. quire bolder measures—and until we learn some other mode of conveying ourthoughts and opinions than by resolutions on pa per our enemies will laugh at us; for Georgia passed resolutions, and all that; and even Virginia passed resolutions, but dont seem to care much about them. I fear som> of our people are beginning to look forward to the next Presidency as a game we may play at. Even the South ern Press at Washington has recently given out some squintings that way.— Now, I say, we have no more business with making a President than we have with fiudingout the successor to the reign ing Sultan at Constantinople. For one, I do not care whe'ther we have one or not; the secretaries can carry on the govern ment well enough for us. If the great Union loving party can only call off the south into a scramble for the Presidency, why all’s right; California, Wilmot, Tex vas and all that will sleep—and the field t will be open for another onslaught on our ’ rights. If we are in the “glorious union” when the time arrives for choosing, and we find that we can decide between two rogues, which shall have the treasury, it may be well to cast a vote—but certainly, in my poor judgment, the most ridiculous figure a true Southern Rights man can show himself in, would be to become prominent as a President maker. If the true friends of our southern institutions are , true to their objects they will eschew all federal alliances, and political combina tions, until our rights are secured and ac knowledged, or finally (if that sad event must come) abandoned to their fate.— Let us wait and see what will be produced finally by the boiling of the political caul dron at Washington ; all the spirits are at work with their incantations, and it “dou ble, double, toil and trouble” is not the result, I shall be mistaken in my calcula tions. We may not be surprised to find Clay and Cass on a Presidential card in the columns of the Union paper at Wash ington ere long, and a warm eulogy upou Mr Clay as a “Southern man and Slave holder,” by Thomas Ritchie, as one per fectly reliable for the south! and Mr Cass as the great “ non-interventionist,” j Nicholson letterman—notwithstanding his tenderness of conscience in the Senate, when the fugitive slave law was passed without his vote—or, as an off-set to this we may see Cobb, of Georgia and Seward on the ticket of a convention in the city of New York or Boston—those union loving cities. In conclusion, my dear sir, I must in candor ana sincerity declare to you, that i I am disheartened, and almost ready to j abandon all hope of the south. I once believed, that in the last resort the south I could ic would be united for the defence of j her honor—her institutions and her con j stitutional rights. We have given up all I we had to the command of our enemies ; j and our owm sons have ministered at the altar where the sacrifice was offered up. If we attempt to punish the treason, we inflict blows possibly where they are not so much deserved. If we seek out the traitors, we enter the chambers of our neighbors, our countrymen, our friends and relations. Our Southern society is rapidly becoming alienated and divided. Even in our own family circles, we find antagonisms which are at war with good feelings, and tending to heart-burnings and strife; old friends are separated, and we tread on ground daily, which trembles beneath our feet. All this is the work of the abolition agitation. This result they had the sagacity to foresee and predict. The injuries they have already inflicted on southern society is irreparable; and yet there are poor creatures among us, Who apologize for our enemies, and sing hozannahs to the “glorious union,” and who profess not to see that we have any cause for complaint against our “northern brethren”! * * * * * I read your paper with great interest and satisfaction —seldom ever differing from youatall—neveron material points. You are right, but let the States be prepared to defend their acts by arms, for this will probably be the result. All my hopes are now centered on S'>uth Carolina ; it she quails before the Federal Colossus, all is lost! COMBINATION AGAINST GOV. QUITMAN The zeal displayed by Gov. Quitman, in the cause of Southern Rights, has pro voked a degree of rancour against him by the submission press of the South, and ttie myrmidouis of our anti-slavery Presi dent generally, rarely equal in our politi cal annals. The result will recoil on the iieadsof those who pursue him so vindic tively. It is destiued to make Gov. Quit man the most popular man in the South ern Slates. In another column is an arti* cle from the Charleston Mercury, quoting portions of Gov Quitman’s proclamation iu which he declares himself ‘‘unconscious of having, in any respect, violated the laws of the country.” \Y*e confidently predict his acquittal. We copy the following indignant com ments ou this subject, from the Mississippi an: The Combination Against MAN. —No mau has i ver b* en treated with sucii foul injustice as Gov. Quit man. We have never seeu a paral lel to the abuse that has been heaped upon him. Ridicule, falsehood, slan der, and misrepresentations of every kind, are freely resorted to by his assailants. And the system by which the warfare is kept up, North and South the pensioned ret liners of the administration are doing their utmost to destroy his character and iuflueuce. Their pretext is his alleged participation in the expedition to relieve the Cubans from the yoke of a tyramcal government! btft there is more in the assaults upon him than meets human eye. The real design of bis assailants is to strike down a man whose elevated character, prowess on the field, and far reaching sagacity render him a formidable antagonist to* the ruling powers iu their attempt to trample upon the Rights of the Southern States. The instigators of the attacks aim to degrade, iu the person ol her Chief Magistrate, a State which has taken a high and ‘com manding position in defence of Southern rights. They wish also to illustrate the much vaunted strength of the Federal Government by dragging from hislluties the Chief Executive officer of a sovereign State, to be tried upon a frivolous charge. Such are the main purposes of the villi, fiers of Gov Quitman. and to these we may add a rancored hatred which his un awed maintenance of the rights of Missis sippi has engendered. In the systematic war upon the Gover-. nor of the State, every principle of justice and common decency, have been etat de fiance. His case has been prejudged ; and every expedient has been resorted to, to mould public sentiment against him : in asmuch as the threat has been vauntingly made that he shall be arrested, and for ced to abandon for an indefinite period his official duties ; common justice required that the public mind should hive been left unbiassed, so that a lair and unpreju diced hearing mighlbnve been extended to him. The organists in the service of the administration have left no means un used io warp the judgments of its parti sans, by proclaiming ‘hr and wide that the president and Cabinet have taken the case into consideration, weighed testimony and decided upon its merits. For prool of this we will reler the reader loan extract from a late New York Express, which we find copied in the Vicksburg Whig of Tues day. The Express coolly says: “Thei President has sufficient testimony to convict him ten times over the charge brought against him.” The design is transparent and barefaced t> escape detection. J lie charge is made. The offence imputed to him sos assisting a people groaning under the weight of oppression )is magnified into a crime or startling enormity. Able counsel are ein ployed .it enormous expense to assist the Federal officers in the prosecution of the accused. And at whatever sacrifice to uuth, justice and fair dealing, the case must be made out. — Mi a sis sip pi mi. The Wreck of the America.—All Hands Saved. —Captain Broad well, of this steamboat, wrecked ofl Cape Hatteras on the night of the 27th ult. arrived in the city yesterday, with the whole of the crew. The third boat, under the charge of George Martin, the mate of the steamboat, on leav ing tlie wreck succeeded in reaching Hat teras Lighthouse, a distance of 7 miles, af ter rowing 12 hours, so much were they nindered by the vioh nee of the wind and waves. They were kindly received by the keeper of the lighthouse and entertain ed for 3 days, it being impossible to reach the main land on account of the heavy sea They were at Inst landed at Elizabeth City from which place to Norfolk they were conveyed free of r barge it. a stage coach. At Norfolk, where they arrived on Wed nesdays pleasant surprise awaited them in meeting Captain Broadwell and all their companions in misfoituiie, from whom they had been seperated from the time they left wreck. All three parties came from different directions and met at Norfolk—two at least being unconscious of the safety of the others; so that the joy of all at this happy reunion may be better imagined than described. At Norfolk the Captain and crew were tendered a free passage to Baltimore by Captain Russel, of the steamboat Herald and were most hospitably treated during the passage. The agents of the Baltimore and Philadelphia Railroad C< mpany, with equal generosity, forwarded them oi> to this city without expense. The whole party arrived at home about 3 o’clock yes terday afternoon, bringing the first intelli gence of the safety of the boat. Philadelphia Ledger, of Saturday, THE PLEDGERS. The Richmond Examiner, ( Va.) which is by the way, one of the ablest conducted papers in the whole south, thus sets off” tile political debauchees of unrecluimdble southern apostates who have signed the famous “Mutual Insurance Pledge” at Washington, li is rich, rare and racy— read it: “What a pleasant mess! They iiave at least cooked their dinners, “settled their hash,” and their “cake is dough.” Five democrats among thirty-nine whigs! Five democrats “dealingdamnation lound” the democratic party, proclaiming a proscrip tion against the great mass of democratic citizens! They will not “support”— they] : Alas, Mrs. Partington! where now is the j glory of your mop and patterns? Cobb, ] Foote, Givin, Clemens, Rusk —Bottom, i Flinte, Quince, Snout, Starveling— ! withdraw the light of their countenances from the south, no democrat shall ever be President again, unless he has dreampt their Midsummer’s Night Dream. Woe unto us! Which way shall we flv? Who shall preserve us Irom the wrath of Foote? It is a matter of curious remark that n inoug, the select circle whose names orna. inent these pages, very few are undoomed to the shades of private life at the close of the piesent session. Not one from New England is re-elected; only one from New York; —while the large majority of the southern subinissionists will never be heard of again, ave on the roll which History will keep, and which she will head with the name of Arnold. This new Jacobin Ciub was gotten up, we understand, as a sort of “Mutual Insu rance Company’ for shaky subinissionists, tvas pounced upon bv the Presidential aspi rants as men in the water catch at straws. Thus did Clay get into it. Houston’s name was also once upon the list. But when he found out the way the wind laid, hi; broke the “pledge” with the ease of an experienced drunkard. He has been late ly signing every thing, and joining every party, in hopes that he may at last light upon the one that will ride him into the White House. Thus he was.gotten as dry nurse to that still-born bab*, the Union party, —which he also dropped like a hot potatoe immediately afterwards. Several others signed it from sheer folly and imbe cile stupidity. In this class, we place the unhappy little rush-light over whom the Stale ol Mississippi has lately clapped its extinguisher; also, the delectable Jeremiah Clemens. But where shall we set down the hapless Cobb? He is no fool. We did not know that he needed an insurance. What conceivable motive enticed his paws into this steel-trap? What must be his sensations and reflectior.o’wi tbis pillory of political “poor-devils!” The fact that his conduct has been wicked in itself, and trea sonable t< his party, will gDe him little pain. But his misery will be punishment enough when .lie reflects what a/00/—fool! —fool! he has made Jof himself in the presence of the whole country. He has declared war against the party who gave him his Speakership—invokes organiza tion against all democrats who do not sub scribe to a compromise constitution,—and finds himself in a minority of five- He joins Clay and Foote—Antony and Lepi d us—fora proscription of the south—and goes back to a southern constituency for a seat in Congress. Judean, thou hast thrown awav a pearl! A year ago Cobb comman ded the chess board ; to-day his chance in the game will be overstated by 0. EF“A late traveller among the lonian Isles says the first thing he metft Athens was a Greek girl selling‘Morrison’s Pills.’ Had the pyramids thrown somersets, he would not have been more astonished. A Climax.— The Boston Post thus en umerates the schedule of crotchets in the creed of the New York Tribune: “Phrenology, Fourierism, Vote-yourself a-fartnism, Abby Folsomism, Biology, Spi ritual Rappings, and the election of Ham ilton Fish. HPThe New York Express says that a newspaper is to be started from the ashes of the Globe, alter the 4th of March next* by Messrs. Blair and Rives, which is to support ihe following ticket at the next election : For President, Thomas Hart Benton, of Missouri, for Vice-President, John Van Buren.of New York. lta writer in a Baltimore paper*says, that this year is the time for the appear, ance of the seventeen year locusts, parti cularly in the slates of Maryland, Virginia Pennsylvania and Delaware. They will begin to leave the ground about the 20th May. [From the Edgefield Advertise r. Well dune Greenville' —An enorm ous wagon-load of Bronms'passcd through our village, the first f this week from a manufactory near Greenville C. H. Up on seeing this broom-omnibm drawn up in our plaza, we were off to our office to offer an congratulation to our house-keepers upon the piesent prospect ol a “clean sweep;” but happening to look back, we perceived tlint the wagon was off also.—Upon inquiry, we discovered that the entire load SSOO worthy was en gaged to some dealer in the city of Au gusta. Hearing this state of the case, one of our waggish villagois perpetrated the follow ing: Sister Georgia, Carolina Sends you greeting—and some brooms. And she hopesthat you will find a Full.supply for all your rooms. Sweep your chambers morns and evens — Sweep with Carolina brooms— And from your councils sweep out Stevens Howell Cobb and Bobby Toombs. Steamships. —Congress is now meinor alized Iroin all quarters of the Union lor lines of steamships to all quarters of the world. Here are some of the leading lines : 1. A line of steamships from the wat ers of the Bay of San Francisco to Shang hai and Canton, in China, touching at the Sandwich Islands. 2. A line ol steamships from Philadel. phia to Liverpool. 3. A lijie of steamships from Philadel phia to Rio de Janeiro. 4. A line es steamships from Philadel phia to Antwerp, Belgium. 5. A line of steamers from Norfolk to Gibraltar. 6. A line of steamers from Baltimore and Norfolk to .Africa; 7. A line of steam ers from New Orleans to Vera Cruz, touching at the mouth of the Coatzacoalcos. x \ 8. A line of steaine/s Yjmm Tehuante pec to San Francisco. “v *v [From the Memphis (Term.) Appeal.] FALL AND FUSION OF PARTIES. The majority in the Georgia Convention that adopted the report and resolutions, met afterwards and formed a political or Union party, to supercede the Whig and Democratic parties of that State. Messrs Toombs and Stephens were foremost in the movement. Thus has perished in Geor gia the nationality of two great parties of the country. Indications justify the be lief that the same will be made in other States, and a national union party, compo. sed of all who are opposed to the exaction of strict constitutional right will be formed. The umvary are to be wheedled into its support by the empty and indefinite watch word of Union. VVeare to be taught that the Union of the Stales is paramount to every other Consideration and that this must be pre serve.-! even at the expense of constitu tional liberty- and Stale rights. If those who are in favor of building up such a par ty, wouid reflect that the unhappy dissen sions thnt distract the countiy have grown solely out of a violation on the part of Congress, of the rights of the States, and that the preservation of these is the best, the only preservative a( tiie Union, th-y might spare themselves the labor, we might say the sin, of manufacturing a par ty whose most prominent feature looks and leads to consolidation. The old Fedeiaiists of the country are, without doubt, the prime movi rs ot the project, and they will all constitute mem bers of the party. Its tendency is to the accomplishment of their long cherished doctrines—the doctrines of centrality, on the erection of one strong central govern ment out of tin* whole Union, obliterating Slate sovereignly and State independence. It behooves the friends of State rights and constitutional liberty to be on the al ert, They cannot be io vigilant in the present state of affairs. Under the gu'se of a Union devotion an insidious attack is t<> be made upon great conservative fea tures of the Constitution, but for which our forefathers would have scorned to en ter the Confederacy. Rufus Greene. — We learn that twenty four indictments were found against Mr. Rufus Greene,’ by the Grand Jury just ri sen : three for grand larcency, sevyn for forgery, and fourteen for embezzlement. This array of charges is painfully start ling and has no paral el in the judicial an nals of the country. — [Mobile Register. \ TELEGRAPHIC. [Telegraphed tor the Charleston Mercury.] Washington, Feo. 19. The President has received information of a ne gro riot in Boston, and the rescue of a fugitive slave. He says he will execute the laws and ill issue a proclamation. Mr Clay offered a resolution in the Senate, calling on the President for informa tion on the subject. The Tehauutepec treaty has been received from Mexico. New York, Feb. 19. The cotton market to-dav was drooping, the sales having amounted to 2500 bales. At Boston to-day another fugitive rioter has been arrested. The trial of the parties previously ar rested is progressing. The President’s proclama tion was read in Court, and ridiculed by the pris oner’s counsel. Some further mob demonstrations have been indicated. Thompson, the English Abolition agitator, was burnt in effigy at Springfield, Massachusetts, on Saturday last. The crowd became very much excited, and be has been prevented by the people from lecturing to-night. Several arre-ts have been made in Boston of per sons aiding in the recent fugitive stave riot, an* among them is E. Wright, editor of the Boston Chronotype.and a lawyer by the name of Divis . WasmsoTojf, Feb. 19. The fugitive slave Shadrach Williams, who was arrested in Boston, ou Friday last, and subsequent ly rescued from the Marshal in Court by a mob of negtoea arid whites, absconded from the city to day. - Four of the mob have been arrested, and held to bail. In the Senate to day Mr. Clay introduced a resolution, which was adopted, calling on the Presi lent for information regarding the recent mob and rescue of fugitive slaves in Boston. In reply President Fillmore transmitted a copy of his procla mation which seta forth the nature of the outrage and calls upon the civil officer* of the United States, and all good people to assist in the arrest of the offenders and the vindication of the law. [Our correspondent transmits the proclamation at length, in all its legal formalities and verbiage, with which we think it unnecessary, to afflict our readers. [ Boston, Feb. 16. Nq arrest baa been made to-day, and great excite ment prevails between the opposeis of the Fugitive Law atid the friends of law and order. com __ ! teat dates l>m Civerpeofi 1 Latest dates from Havre;..,\ J*m I* Latest dates Irom Havana,...'...... Feb • DEPARTOIIKOP STKAMERt. CI)HARD UNIS. ; moM mverpool. FROM new rniK. ran* qjJf Canada, Jan 15... I t, / Y3 Europa,Fab 15...... a J Asia,.. .March t,.. ..March 26. |.,L Canada , March 1b..... -........ Africa, March 3ft... ... April-33 e iTir'uwA- America, Aprils •/ 1,,,, , Asia,.... April 12....... May 7. - ....yf coluns Link, f FROM LIVERPOOL'. j FROM If* ,std Saturday,.... Feb 22d j. Saturday,'.... March >th I IVrdsndK * r*d Saturday,.... March22.l I W itiinihW f >n>* Saturday,,... April Qth j >Vednrs#y is it NEW YORK AND HAVHf from i< a vac. rl; J®. ‘ ,r Franklin,...,.. March 12 .♦. Humbolt April ft Ms I'* * ir, ii- Franklin Mav 7 .■*■*• enter- PHILADELPHIA AND I.IVEIt I.KAVCLIVERPO-L. Lr * Tr 'Mmf . Citv of Glasgow,.. Feb 12 ,KMi **<! chur - - r - -——had cn- COTTON STATEMEIWfe •*< fVeek ending February 22rn. m <h>- Old Stock on hand, -|wsiun, with Received this week, K*>r >aJTsr- Received previously 48 tw •3*. 4964 T •. Shipped this week ....1661 Shipped previonsly 30244-3196* Stock on hand, 17742 Receipts to the same date lat soason 65440 •• Stock on hand. COTTON MARKET. Correspondence of the Tiroes. Ar4i.ACHicOLA.Fub 16. The enclosed gives a pretty correct report of tbo transactions up to Monday last—during that day the sales reached 1000 bales at “stiller price#” Mv list quo'at ions of llf for mid lling* If} tuv Good Middlings, were probably } to } below theae- - erag >, it is sufficient to say. th it they whs “Facies* . quotations” between whom ami the boyere, there- ■ • is generally that difference in classifidalioik Since • Monday the sales have been moderate, say from - 1000 to 1500 bales 11 j to 11} for . middlings, ll| all j for G'ind Middlings, though suns# think they have purchased the latter grade today at Ilf cents. Freights are advancing—ls was paid thia week for a full cargo for Havre, j cl*, ba* be-n paid to Providence, ami this rate is asked for New York', though I cannot hear that it ha* been paid. Tha advance in freights at New Orleana has imparted confidence to shipmasters, and they now ask | t* Liverpool. Exchange 60 days sight 2 pent, die count Checks per, Yours, DAGO. “ Charleston, Feb; 14. p. m. Cor-rax.—Sales 2000 bale*a* 10J to 12 11-Id. The market is depressed, and tiriceskfaMV 4 dowk. , ward tendency. Fair quoted, nominally 12 jte cents ufofkjl v ‘ New York, Feb 19. Cottox.— The market to-eay has been active, ‘ * with sales of 4,000 hale*—(no quotation* given.) * The sales of the week reach 11,000 bafe* Nice i- firm. Sales of the week 1,000 casks, at prices ranging Irom f3g to 39-16 c. i Acucsta Feb. 17 P. M. Cottox.—The Africa's advices, pet tale graph, cimie to hand this morning, and being unfa vorable, showing a decline of laid, in tlis Liver pool market, caused a aus|ieiision of business in ear market. We did not hear of a transaction worth reporting. Additional .by the Africa. At Liverpool, Ihe fortnight's vales of entto* amounted to 50,000 bale*. The stock on hand is 45 1 ,000 balei. Rice is steady at unchanged prices. Spirits ot Turpentine 32; 5000 bids. Rough Tur pentine, at 73. Trade in tha manufacturing dies tricls was duller. ■ New York,. Feb !7. Colton has declined Jc. Tlte tales to-day were 300 bales. Middling Uplands, 12); Mid dling Orleans, 12}. Rice is firm at previous prices. Flour has advanced. Nr.w Orleans, Feb 15. Cotton ha* a declining tendency. The sales to. A day amounted 10 3500 bales; strict Middling*, 12} Prime Molasies has advanced, and bring* 27, Whiskey has declined and i* quoted at 25. The steamship Prometheus has arrireil ■* Chagres. _ Cnaslmtsx. Cottox. —The cotton mark* complete stagnotionyesfertuy ; iiiidfr >ce I. of the Africa’s accounts, were very ‘ ‘ h in faavor of buyers. The sale* i'rf* limited some 500 bales at extremes, ranging fioin 10} 12} cents. Snv**U,‘Feb is. ’ Cotton.—The m:i ket has Is-en depressed by the Africa’s news. The transactions reported yes terday show a decline ot j to jc.. and sum up only 150 bales, as follows : 82 at 11 j ; 51 at|l| ; and 14 at 12c per pound. Cause of the Latc Decline in Cotton. I The following article of Messrs Tslcott ami Bro •her, will lie interesting to many of our. readers. These gentlemen are extensive cotton broker* in New York, and their sources of information are as ample, and their opinions as reliable as any other establishment in the country : As the advices per Canada from Jfajvetpoof of 18th January, are so contrary to the general antic ipations on this side, it is interesting to ascertain the cause of the di-appointment The circulars received attribute it to various causes, some to the tact that spinners having Itought freely at tbe close of December, are now working their imported cot tons, and neglecting the Liverpool market, m order to depress prices and buy largely on this side, at w .‘ duceil limits, others to the apprehension entetlainaj that the Bank of England will again advance her rate of discount, but the majority to ttMrAMMajgjjp estimat sos crop advised per Africa, ‘ The receipts at all the port* at the jURf her departure were 31,000 bales less cor-, responding period last season, were published and advised of which may easily be imagined foon*dy believers in ~r Manchester, and the increaacdfceipt*. (the defi ciency having been cut dovhfxn 58,000 to3l> ‘ 000 bales in one week) weafned tbe confidence . even of those who were dispmi to credit moderate estimate*. This latter the/namely. tlje cOove ’'; ; nient change of opinion in to the extent ,ff the crop, we believe to have Wn the caoae of the - decline. , Looking forward, thercljre, to h#** • from Liverpool, what have fe tl anticipate but and clining prices rescinding o heavy receipt* at _ % ports weekly, sweeping entire deficit *’ ‘ ‘ showing as at the prtWeni moment,; it.W’ 40,000 bales, and destined to BJ W •* >O . one, when the statement b made >rp / ~ Ist •February, at New Orfean*; whenOMk , y that date was 61,060 bale#. M will be disregarded, and Manchester whi-.b edit her interest, arid m ’ view* to depress priees, will bo ,ft>e. always has been, by the Bank at England. • of our correspondent*, und-ir date “pi ®Mrpoel. Jan 17.1851, w.iles as Wl’ows iu institution: “ I regret to say | u*k -tart of tba opinion of your Mr——, tliai the Eng land is * cursed instrument.. Yuu.wiU |ircei the doubt of it* advancing it* rat*’ tdbeount asotb cr half per cant„ caused the low of thousand* And why should this bi t Becau* it manufacturing’ interest* to they the speculation advance* in cotton, the director* tuuM, ~ be tool* to iheso worthies.” The rerliit tbervfc** v now depend* on tbe course aoutbern plantsr* adopt with the balance of their etopi. - iJ®* * s unshaken iii a mod< rale crop— csrtaioly OJt w