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THE WEEKLY TIMES. JOHN FORSYT H—E DIT OR • j. roassFrii, K. ELLIS & CO ** PROPRIETORS. The WEEKLY TIMES is puhliahed e ] eT f'ff e f r J,iy Morning, at $2,50 per annual in advance, or Thick Dollars at the on.l of the year. THE TRI-WEEKLY TIMES, Pu'.lbhed everv WEDNESDAY and FRIDAY 1 ‘BO -- . nn \ Y Evening*. Office on * M,,r "; n *- *" d l Street, nearly oopositr the West side of Broad Street, u i . i Winters’ Exchange. T R K M S ‘ Five Doer. IRS per annum in advance, or Six Doli.ars afier six m ™ t * o*'d:Bcnntiniied 0 *' d : Bcnnti niied while any No p io< r i . sa the option of the nrrearp. ure tui ; j u proprietors. congp icuoiis!y inerted at Ons. AdvrrtisZ _ , or the first insertion, and Kir xv everv subsequent continuance. - nX-rihituarv Notices exceeding one square (or v-/ - )C charged as advertisements. eleven linos) n ’ u TMPTI Vies BOOK AND JOB OFFICE. r V description of Job Work, either Plain, in Colors or Bronze, elegantly and promptly execu ted Such as Books, Pamphlets, Buxines* Cards, Visiting Cards, Bill Heals, Notes. Keceipts, Bills of Lading, BankChecUs, Circulars, Posters, Ilanil Bills, Ball Tickets, Dray Receipts, <fc c The office having been lately furnished with a J.rac stock of NEW TYPE, comprising some of the most elegant designs, we are prepared to exe- Cte all kinds of J..U Work in a style not to be ex -IWeparticularly invite the attention of our mer rhants'and others who have heretofore ordered • iuiir work trom the north, to our specimens. tlur prices are fixed at the lowest, possible rates. Orders from our coun ry friends will be promptly attended to. . . Blank Legal lormsof every description, kept I on hand and for sale. the BRITISH PERIODICALS AND TIIE FARMER'S GUIDE. LEONARD SCOTT & CO. NO. 154, GOLD ST., NEW YORK, Continue to publish the four leading Hriiish Quar . Reviews and Blackwood's Magazine ; in ad. Vjtioß 10 w hich they have recently commenced th e publication of a valuable Agricultural work, called ‘Farmer’s guide to scientific and ■ r PRACTICAL AGRICULTURE,” g Henry Stephens, F. 11. K., of Edinburgh, author of ,lie ‘‘ Book of the Farm,” ic.,^-c.; assisted bv i j,,| in p. Norton. M. A., New Hiven, Professor of Sc.entific Agriculture is Yale College, Skc.. Sr c. This highly valuable work will comprise twe lrge royal oatavo volimr s, containing over HOC psgei, with IS or 20 splendid steel engravings and more than COO engravings on wood, in the high eat Style of the art; illustrating almost every im Dlemeut of husbandry now in use by the best farm ers the best methods of ploughing, planting, hay iu’ harvesting, &c., the various domestic an imals in their” highest perfection ; in short, the pictorial feature of the book is unique, and will render it of Incalculable value to ,|, e student ol agriculture. The work s being published in Semi-monthly Numbers, of fid pages each, exclusiv e of the Steel sngravihgs, and when not taken in connection with the Reviews or Blackwood is sold at 25 cents each, or $5 lor the entire work .n numbers, of winch there will be at least twenty-two. The British Periodicals Re-published are as fol lows, viz: fht London Quarterly Review (Conservative),. The Edinburgh Review (Whig), The North British Review (Free-Church), The Westminster Review (Liberal), and Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine (Tory). Although these works are distinguished by the political shades above indicated, yet hut a small portion of the r c ntents is devoted to politico subjects. It is their literary character which ; ives them thoirchief value, and in that they stand con fin rdlv lar above all other journals ol their class. Blackwood, still under the masterly guidance ol I Christopher North, maintains its ancient celebrity, \ and is, at ttiis time, unusually attractive, from the j aena i werks ol Bulwer, ond other lite/ary nota i hies, written lor that magazine, and first appearing in its columns both in Great Britain and in the United Sta.fls. Such works as ‘ Caxtons” and I “My New Novel” (both by Bulwer), “My Pentn f sular Medal,” ‘‘ The Grten Hand,” anil other ! serial*.ot which numerous rival editions are issued , bv the lending publishers in this country, have to be reprinted by those publishers from the pages of Blackwood, after it lias been issued by ilassrs Scott 4‘ Cos., so that subscribers to the re print of that Magazine may always rely on having tkesilliest reading of these l.icinating tales. TERMS PER ANNNIJM. For any one of the four Review 5,.......... $3.00 For any two, do 5.00 For any three do 7 00 Fpr all four of the Reviews. S.OO For Blackwood’s Magazine, 3.00 For Blackwood and three Reviews, 9.00 For Blackwood and the four Reviews, 10.00 For Firm*r ! a Guide (in 22 Nrs.) -ACO j ..do. and 1 Rev’w or Blackwood, 7.00 ! . . .do. and any two reprints, 9XO , do ..three. II 00 : . do “.. .four...“ 13.00 j ..‘j.,. do “...all five “ 14.00 j (Pay me its to be mtlic in all cases in advance.) CLUBBING. j A discount of twenty Jive per cent, from the above j prices will he allowed to Clubs ordering lour or | mare copies of any one oi mor of the above works. I Thus: 4 copies of Blackwood or of one Review : will be sent to one address for $9 ; 4 copies of the ; f#or Reviews and Blackwood tor S3O; and so on. j JgT Remittances and (Communications should be always addressed, post-paid or franked, to the Publishers. LEONARDSCOTT & CO., 79 Fulton Street, New York, apiwatwtf entrance 54 Gold st. Prospectus of tlie Soil of the South. . THE undersigned, a Committee of Publication 1 on the part ofthc Muscobee and Kissel i. Aghi ecltcual Siociktv. respectfully invite public at tention to the following Prospectus, of a Month ly Jockxal to be published inthiscity, under the ausp ces ofthe above named Association. We believe the Agricultural interest of the Soot demands and will support a wo k of this character and in the hope of supplying that demand, and re leiving that support, we have determined upon the publication of “Til li *U>3. OF THE SOUTH.” The Work will he devoted to the interests of j Agriculture and Horticulture, Domestic and Rur alEcuuomif. Under these several heads will be included all that concerns the culture of Crops, the improvement ot the Soil, the management of the Farm, the (iarden, the Orchard and the Flower Yard, and the House-Keeper’d Department. Ir their connexion with the interests of the Soil, the other Industrial Pursuits of the land, will receive their appropriate attention. The columns of “The Soil ofthe South will be filled with original ar tiees written by the Editors, contributions from many ofthe best informed pra tical Planters in the South, and extracts from ‘.he ablest Agricultural Works and Periodicals Tho ‘ Suit of the South” will be under the Edi torial supervision of Cuvill.ks A. Pkabodt Esu. and Ceuv James M. Chambers. Mr. Peabody has lice ir for two years past connec'ed with the Agricultural Press, and is equal 1 )’ distinguished as a Practical and Scientific, intelligent nmi successful Planter in the South. The two furnish a combi nation of Editorial talent usurpassed by any Agri cultural work in the Union. They will he assisi ed by an able corps of Contributors, among the practical Farmers and Planters of the Land. Each Number will contain sixteen Pages of quarto size, pri; ted with new type on superior white paper, and furnished to Subscribers at the rata of ONE DOLLAR, PER ANNUM, which must be paid upon the receipt of the Janu ary Number. yfp ßost Masters are authorized to act as Agente, and they may retain in their h mds twenty-five per cent of all subscriptions collected by them, or it they prefer it, a copy of the Work will i.e sent to snv one twelve months gratuitously, who will remit Four names with Four dollars. N. B.—lt is particularly requested that all who .intend to subscribe, send their names immediately, that the Publisher may form some idea ofthe nune 1 ers of Copies required. One Thousand copies of ttie Transactions of the late Fair tn this City, embracing the Address. Treaties, and premium list, will be oublished sni furnished graturouslv to.he first 1090 subscribers to the “ boil ofthe South.” (Jj*Ale Communications must be addressed ost-paid, to Wm. H. Chambers, Publisher o The Soil of the South,” Colum! us Ga. VAN LEONARD, A Committee R. A. WARE, C of J. E. HURT, 3 Publication. .Columbus, Dec. 10, 50 ts NEW YORK AGRICULTURAL WAREHOUSE. ISO AXD 191 WATER. STREET. k B. ALLEN <5- CO., have the most extensive - ™ • assortment of Plows, and all kinds of Ag ricultural and Horticultural Implements and Ma chinery. Aiso all kinds of Fiedd and Garden !i eds, and Fertilisers, such as Guano, Bone Dust, Po idrette, Plaster, Src. 7'he American Agricul turist, 32 Pages, octavo, handsomely illustiated, 18 puulibhed Monthly, at $1 a year. Orders from Planters and Merchants solicited. A. B. A. & Cos., refer with confidence to i vas ttumber o'” gentlemen to whom they are known throughout the whole south. Solon Robins }n, Travelling Agent, will also re ceive orders. feb27walwtf forwarding and General Comm issicn B ussiness. XHE „ -rsigned will continue the above bus bv ~ " , eßa 1,1 all its various branches sir l hopes libe r ' et 4tlent t° n to the same, to recce - the same ra - support heretofore bestowed mor him. WM P YGNGE, snnah’Sopt i o> °- 10 ' 1 - v No 94 H ” Stre (fUljt* ||§ o in rtt G u £ <§||ittt£o®\ VOLtfMti XI. j WEDNESDAY MORNING, APRIL 30, 1851. Having made an engagement to deliver the annual address before the Hor ticultural Society of Chunnenuggee, we shall have to be absent from our post, dur ing the present week. A friend has consented to occupy our place in the interim. - 2Jd STcUaraplj. [From the Daily Morning News.] SUMNER THE ABOLITIONIST ELECTED SENA TOR Boston, April 25, 12 M. Sumner, the Free Soilor, was elected United States Senator to-day, receiving on the twenty-fifth ballot one hundred ana l M IY-il.ic e —lt will be remembered that the elec tion of U. States Senator has been contest ed in the Massachusetts Legislature foi more than a month past, and that it has all along been confidently asserted that Su ttncr, who leads Horace Mann in his extreme abolition and “higher law” doc trines, would be defeated. A fortnight ago he seemed to be losing ground. He is now elected by a considerable majority.— Doubtless he is indebted to the recent ex citement in Boston lor his elevation.— Webster, the champion of the Constitution, is excluded from Faneuil Hall, by the Bos ton Aldermen, while Sumner the avowed enemy of the Constitution, is elected to the Senate, by the State Legislature. Do not these demonstrations of hostility to the Fugitive Siave Law, portend evil to the South and to the Union I —Ed. News. Why so, MrNewsl If Mr Sumner is on ly a good “ union man” it is all right.— That is the grand panacea for all evils in these days. And who doubts that Sumner is as good a “union” man as Mr CobD, of Georgia, or Mr Sam Flournoy ol the Col umbus Enquirer! Why Seward and John Van Buren have lately fairly put to shame the namby patnby unionism of the South- ; ern Soapies. These abolition worthies! leave their Georgia co-barkers, clear be- | hind —post lon go interval/o —in their whines i over a confederacy, which, the first are | stabbing to death, and the last are refusing j to shield from their stabs. They’ are all I unionists together, and if the union can be saved by cant, by hypocrisy, by fanati cism, by treachery and cowardice, it is perfectly -sale and will last forever. For, the Sewar Is and Sumners North, and the Submissionists Soutn have got an inex haustible stock ofthese nostrums on hand. o^7”.Mr. Buchanan’s letter to the Virgi nia Southern Rights Association, is good. How does a return to the doctrines of the Viiginia resolutions of’9B and ’99, and Ma dison report, suit the political stomachs of Mr Toombs and the FederaljWhigEditors ot Georgia, just turned National Unionists 1 They sm/, they intend to run Mr. Buclrn i nan for the Presidency. We.shall see. j The best commentary on the following : | article from the Richmond Enquirer, is to I be found in the admission of the fact it | states, by the old Whig party cf Georgia. I Mr Toombs has quarrel with the Nation |al Whigs and given them up—Mr Buch anan, a Democrat, who has been held up by the Democracy of the South lor years and years, as one of the Northern Demo crats, who were “sound,’ is now the Pre sidential candidate of Mr Toombs, of the Macon Journal and Messenger, and ofthe j Union Whig party, generally. In short, the Whig party of Georgia (now unwhig ged) admits what we have contended for for years past, that Northern Whiggism was thoroughly abolitionized and in North ern Democracy was to be found, the only conservatism ofthe Constitution as it was. We now find these men rushing into the support of Northern Democrats, whom, in times past, they have exhausted language j to abuse. But, the confession comes too late, for good. If they had made it, five 1 years ago, and rallied to the support of; such men as Dallas, Buchanan, Paulding, Woodbury and many other sound Demo crats, the Union would have escaped the fatal dangers which now surround it, A united South, combined with the Southern Party atjthe North, could have saved it.— But Mr Toombs and the Whig presses, at at the Smith, now bawling lu-tily on Northern Democrats for help, let slip the golden opportunity, and by that act de stroyed the be<t hopes ofthe Union. You have done the mischief, gentlemen—Mr Buchanan cannot save you in the dilemma. Nor can you derive any solid comfort in | placing at Southern flights’ doors, the evils which you blinded partizanship has brought on the country. A TRUE TE3T. The Democratic House in Pennsylvania passed a bill repealing all the sections of the act of 1847 that conflicted with the pro visions of the National Constitution for the recovery of fugitive slaves —but, un der the sinister influence ot Johnston, the Free Soil Whig Governor of the State, the Whig Senate would not adopt the bill.— Thev struck out all but the portion re pealing that section ot the act of 1847, which prohibited the use of the jails for securing fugitive slaves. This, we aur.iit, was the most important section of the act of 1847, hut had the Whigs stood up to their Democratic fellow members, all the objectionable sections, prohibiting State officers from aiding in the execution ofthe fugitive Slave law, fee., would have been blotted out from a Pennsylvania statute books. Even the bill, in its pres ent shape, was opposed by all the Whigs ot the Senate but two, and in the House by the body of the same party. Is not this another proof that nearly all the ail that can be expected from the North, for the constitutional rights ofthe South, is to be found in the ranks of the Democracy, as a party ! As the Savannah Georgian well says: “In regard to the two national organiz ations, it may be said, that the great strength of the Whig party, being in the North, where anti-slavery sentiments so generally prevail, that party is, not en tirely, but to a groatextent.an anti-slavery party: while on the other hand, the great strength ot the Democratic party being in the South, that party is, to a very consid erable extent, a pro-slavery party. In choosing then between the two, Southern men must chouse the Democrat ic party. That party, if either be, is the party ofthe Constitution ; or, as Mr Buch anan has it, the “true Constitutional Un ion party.” All then among us who are not in favor of disunion on the one hand, or of a higher law than the Constitution on the other, should be, not in name but in truth Constitutional Union men, and to be so, according to Mr Buchanan they must become Democrats—the Democratic COLUMBUS, GEORGIA, TUESDAY. MAY 6, 1851. party being the ** true Constitutional Un ion party.” Let our political connection be then, with Buchaqan, Cass, Dallas, Woodbury and Dickinson, and Democra cy, rather than with Seward, Fillmore, Webster and Corwin and Whiggery.” Letters from Damascus received in Constantinople on the 19th March, state that several French travellers, among them M. de RoTHsciLD,have been seized by the Bedouins and mulcted of 40,000 piastres by way of ransom. Death of Commodore Barron. —We have the melancholy duty to perform (says the Norfolk Beacon of Thursday last,) of announcing the death of Commo dore James Barron, Senior Captain ofthe Urii'ed States Navy, who expired at his residence in this city, yesterday afternoon -at 5 o’clock, in the 83d year of his age. From Cuba. —Cnpt. Hartstein, of the steamer Falcon, just arrived in New Or leans, reports that ns lie was coming out of the Port of Havana, his vessel was jriel by the Spanish man of war steamer Pizar ro, which fired two loaded guns at her, the lal is going over the Falcon. Captain Harlstt’in immediately cnllecf'd all the old iron bars, chains, &c., he could find and prepared to load the onlv piece of artillery he had on board intending to . return the fire of the Pizarro, in case it continued. Explanations were, however, made by the comma:.der of the Pizarro, and the Falcon proceeded on her voyage. They must have a big scare or. them in the ever faith ful Isle.— Montgomery Advcrtiseo fy (Ja- \ zette. [For the Time?.] VIRGINIA. j To the President of the Central Southern Rights Association of Richmond, Va. Sir: Permit me through you and the society, over which you preside, to sug- j gest to the legislature of Virginia, thatso gallantly snapped their fingers in the face j of Vermont, that Rhode Island and Dela ware could have been defied at the same | time without greatly increasing the dan ger. They are both small States and in conjunction with Vermont would hardly attempt an invasion of the Ancient domin ion. I am, however, not certain ; per- j haps the legislature of Virginia was right in recollecting and giving due weight to Falstaff’s sage apothegm, “The better part of valor is discretion,” perhaps too, they j were not altogether oblivious of that re nowned and respected sage’s catechism.— , “What is honor'! a woid &c.” The idea of sending an embassy to j Carolina to persuade her to back out from her position, to cower to Northern domi nation, to exhibit, herself a recreant cow ard; in a word, to sacrifice her honor, her interest and her equality in the Union, to her fears, is abright, a brilliant idea, and reminds one forcibly ofthe fox who hav- ; ing had his tail shortened by a steed-trap, in an assembly of foxes proposed to all of them to undergo a voluntary docking.— j Misery loves company andso does dishon or. There is one difficulty in the matter. To say to Carolina, Virginia is craven, and with fear and trembling surrenders her lofty position—do keep us in counten- I ance by acting as meanly as we have.— Can an honorable man be found to do the dir ty work ! Perhaps, Mr. Editor, Georgia could furnish an embassador, there are men in your State who talked as big as did the Virginia legislature in 1849, when l ie danger was so re note - men who stood conspicuously before the public, Southern i Rights men, who labor hard to persuade Carolina to bow her neck to the heel of Northern domination. SIDNEY. From the Mississippian. MORE NULLIFICATION THREATENED IN MASSACHUTETTS. The ink had scarcely dried in the com munication ('published in our last J of Mr. Webster to the Mayor of Boston, in which j he spoke so flatteringly of the lespect which is entertained by the people of Massachu setts for the laws of the country, when a bill from tiie special committee of slavery was offered, in the State Senate, designed to nullify the fugitive slave law. It is of the most stringent character; and in its terms more insulting to the people of the South than that adopted by the Vermont Legislature, which created so much feel ing. It forbids the citizens ofthe State from j co-operating in the arrest of fugitives. It forbids that any oflicer of the volunteer millitia, who shall, at the call ofthe United States Marshal, aid in the arrest of a per- j son claimed a- a slave, shall be liable to the I penalities of the law to protect personal li >- 1 erly; and that any corps of volunteer mili tia which shall act for the same purpose j in its organized capacity, shall be disband- i ed, and its officers, if accomplices, cashier- j ed. And it furthermore authorizes any justice of the peace, of which there are six or eight hundred in Boston, to issue a writ of habeas corpus to take a claimed fugi tive out of lit e hands of the U. S. Marshal, and any constable to serve it. The following law is at present in force in Massachusetts. It will be seen that it is clearly violative of the reclamation law 0 f J 950 —an open nullification of a consti tutional Jaw : Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives, in General Court assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows: Sect, 1. No judge of any court of record of this Commonwealth, and no justice of the peace, shall here-as er take cogniz ance or grant a certificate in cases that may arise under the third section of an act of Congress passed February twelfth, sev enteen hundred and ninetythree, and en titled “an Act respecting fugitives from justice and persons escaping from the ser vice of their masters,” to any person who claims an” other person as a fugitive slave within the jurisdiction of the Common wealth. Sect. 2. No sheriff, depffiyrsheriff, cor oner, constable, jailer or other officer of this Commonwealth, shall hereafter arrest or detain, or aid in the arrest or detention or imprjsoiAnent in any jail or other build ing belonging to this Commonwealth, or to any county, city or town thereof, of any person for the reason that he is claimed as a fugitive slave. Sect. 3. Any justice of the peace, shep iff, deputy-sheriff, coroner, constable, or jailer, who shall offend against the provis ions of this law, by in any way acting di rectly or indirectly under the power con ferred by the third section of the_ act pf .Congress, afore-mentioned shall forfeit a “THE UNION OF THE STATES AND THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE STATES.” sum not exceeding SIOOO for every such offence, to the use of the county where said offence is committed, or shall be sub ject to imprisonment not exceeding one year in the county jail. [Approved by the Governor, March 24. 1843. j Thus has “patriotic Massachusetts,” in her official capacity, set the example of trampling upon the laws of the land, which was followed by the mob in the city of Boston in February. And so far from repealing these acts, she now indicates her determination to pass others of a still more odiousand infamous character. The Religious Riots in Milwaukie.— We gave on Saturday by Telegraph, in telligence of an extraordinary religious excitement at Milwaukie, on account of lectures by the so-called Rev. Mr Leahy, formerly a Monk of L Trappe, against the Catholic church and Confessional. It ap j pears that the Catholic Priests published a notice calling on their people to keep away from the meeting, which unfortu- i nately they disregarded. The following ! is an account ofthe original riot: On Sunday evening, (yesterday week,] Mr Leahy, was advertised to lecture at the Methodist church. Avery large crowd assembled—about a third of them females. He had not spoken five minutes when there was a rush at the door, and a gang of men came in armed with clubs, and others tore off the rails from the pews, and j laid about them with great violence. Sev i eral persons were struck on the head and badly injured. The scene was one ot the wildest contusion. Pews were tom down; chandeliers smashed ; and the shouts of the rioters and the screams ot the women were fearful. ‘The audience gradually got out of the windows and doors; some few persons stood around the speaker and protected him. The Mayor commanded peace and promised that Mr Leahy should leave the towm in the morning. The crowd did not disperse till a late hour, and many persons followed the preacher and his escort to the hotel, break ing with brick-bats some ot the windows. The city is in a state ot great excitement, and a meeting has been held. On Thursday evening he announced an other lecture, and the Mayor received an anonymous communication threatening to tear down the church, if he was allowed to speak. The entire lire department and one hundred special constables were ac cordingly swot n in to preserve the peace. A public meeting w>as also held to mani fest the determination of the respectable citizens to maintain order and the freedom ot speech, and the second lecture was giv en without interruption. Great excite ment, however, is said still to exist, and threats have been sent to the proprietors ofthe City Hotel to burn the building un less Mr. Leahy was dismissed from the house. [From the Norlolk (Va,) Argus.] HON. JAMES BUCHANAN We giVe below’ an amicable letter from this dist nguished citizen, w ritten in reply to an invitation of the Central Southern Bights Association of Virginia, for him to j visit Richmond, and address the people up j on the absorbing topics of the day. j We have always entertained a high re | sped for the personal and political charac j ter of Mr. Buchanan. Plain md unosten lious in his habits—bland in his manners, and accessible to every one—office nor honors never served to elevate him above .he people, but he is at all times and in all situations the agreeable, accomplished and | intelligent gentleman. There is t:o politi i ctan within the range of our observation, who hrs been more self-sacrificing in his ; aspirations than he, and on all occasions it i has been his pride and pleasure to irnmo j late his own prospects for the good ofthe j cause and those principles for which he i has been so zealous and disinterested an advocate. Had the Soutii list* tiled to his i counsels and adopted the programme which | he recommended in In r hour of trial, she ; would not now be reduced to the dilemma | in which she is involved; and the great | disturbing question which continues to di- I vide the two sections, would have been I adjusted upon honorable and equal terms. The Richmond Committee, in their note to the Pennsylvania statesman, said truly ; that they had always found him a ‘-firm friend to all parts of the nation, and ever , ready to maintain the rights of each, against all factions or parties.” And Mr. Buchanan, in his reply, assumes the cor rect ground when he declares that the Federal Government can only be sustained bv a rigid adherence to the Constitution, and by again returning to the enduring principles ofthe patriots of ’9B and ’99. This is ti e true doctrine, without the re cognition of which, there is no hope for the perpetuity of our institutions. We feel proud that it has been boldly promulgated from, such a source and from such a quar ter —the very centre as it were of the Un ion. We do not know that we shall ever again engage in the angry arid exci'ing strife of President making, but if we do we pray that Heaven’s lightning may blast us, if we support any man lor that high office who refuses to subscribe to such a creed—not in vague and unmeaning gen eralilies, such as we have heretofore had nruclainied from political Conventions, but plainly and unreservedly, without mental equivocation or reservation. We must nave declarations of principle in such a form and such a shape that they will be understood by the way-faring man, both of the North and the South, the same wav, and not subject to he afterwards frittered away by construction, or lost in the “noise and confusion” of the multitude. But we will not keep our readers longer from the letter: Wheatland, near Lancaster, April 10, 1851. My Dear Sirs: I have received your letter of the 2d instant, wth the resolution adopted by the Central Southern Rights 1 Association of Virginia, inviting me to ad dress the Association at such time as may suit my convenience, and to counsel w.th them in regard to the best means to be a j dopted in the present alarming crisis, for the maintenance of the Constitution and the union of the States in their original pu rity.” I should esteem it both a high honor and a great privilege, to comply with this re quest; and therefore, regret to say, that en gagements, which I need not specify, ren der it impossible for nqe to visit Richmond during the present, or probably the next month. The Association do me no more than justice, when attributing to me a strong desire “for the maintenance of the Consti tution, ane the union of the States in their original purity,” Whilst few men in this country would venture to avow a different sentiment, yet the question still remains, by what means can this all-impertant pur pose be best accomplished? I feel no hesi tation in answering, by a return to the old Virginia platform of State rights, prescrib ed by the resolutions of 1798 and ’99, and Mr. Madison’s report. The powers con. ferred by the Constitution upon the Gene ral Government, must be considered strict ly, and Congress must abstain from the ex ercise of all doubtful powers. It is said these are mere unmeaning abstractions— and so they are, unless honestly carried in to practice. Like thechristain’s faith, bow- ever, when it is genuine, good works will inevitable flow from a sincere belief in such a sirict construction of the Constitution. Were this old republican principle a dopted in practice, we should no longer wit ness unwarrantable and dangerous attempts in Congress to inteifere with the institu tion of domestic slavery, which belo’gs exclusively to the States where it exists ; there would be no >’fforts to establish high protective tariffs—the public money would not be squandered upon a grand system ot internal improvements, general m name, but partial in its very nature and corrupt ing in its tendency, both to the government and to the people; and we would retrench our present extravagant expenditures, pay our national debt, and return to the prac ; tice ofa wise economy, so essential both to j public and private prosperity. Were 1 permitted to address your Asso ! cialion, these are the counsels I should give ; aniisouie of the topics I should discuss, ns | thtTiest means “for the maintenance, both of the Constitution and the Union of the Stales, in their original purity,’’and for the perpetuation of our great and glorious con federacy. vV ith sentiments of high regard, I remain yours, very respectfully, James Buchanan. Robert G. Scott, C. S. Morgan and I homas E, Jeter, Committee ot the Cen tral Southern Rights Association of Virgi nia. LFCMr. James Robb made a stirring speech on Friday before the railroad con vention sitting in New Orleans. He showed the disadvantage of having no lo cal industry. “Every thing u-ed here,” he said, “was manufactured abroad. The hat he wore, the chair he sat on, the bed he slept on—all were the product of some distant peoplt. No city’ ’ lie said, “could prosper without a large industrial class.” Railroads will help to make this industry. He was earnestly in favor of ‘he road for which the convention was held “I support this railroad,’’ he said, “with all my heart and energy. I shall stand by it as long as I have a cent of means, or a particle of strength. I repeat I will sink orswim with it,”&c., &c. That’s the way to talk.— [Mobile Tribune. [Frurn the .Savannah Rrpuhluun.] THE CUBA QUESTION. Various and conflicting rumors have been put in circulation of late in regard to a se cond expedition to the Island of Cuba. It is alleged that this new movement contem plates the conquest and independence of the Island —that the Cubans are to lake the initiative th mselves, and that all who sympathize with them are to be invited to join them, or render such assistance other wise as they can Without stopping to enquire into the authenticity of these re. ports, we are disposed for tho present to consider the subject in its relations to for eign powers. The question is often asked, tvhnt cour.-e would England and France pursue? Would they interfere in behalf ol Spain? We do not profess to have given much attention to the probable conduct of those powers, but we are led to believe, on a review of their pre sent condition, that they would not. The Papal question, her enormous public debt, and the disaffection in Ireland and Cana da, and the Caflre troubles, to say nothing of the unsatisfactory condition of affairs on the Continent, would make it a hazardous thing for England to engage, to any con siderable extent, in the quarrels of Spain in this direction. That she woTtld exert her self through her diplomatic agents in be half of that power, we do not doubt. But would she push that interference to a point involving her in a war with this country? Such a policy would he rather dangerous, we t: ink, to admit of any very great doubt as to what she would do. The Govern ment of Great Britain would not be likely to expose her flourishing commerce with this country to ruin, to destroy her n anu- I'aotunng interests; and run the riskofstir ring up a revolution at home, all for the purpose of securing to. Spain a few years longeran Island which destiny’ has marked out either as an independent republic or one of th.; future States of the American Union. Nur do we look for any serious opposi tion from France. It is probable enough that Louis Napoleon and his party would be disptst and to interfere, but any overt act | in that direction, any attempt on his part { to crush the efforts of the Cubans in he- j halfof independence and to continue the ! bondage under which they have so long j suffered, would raise a storm about his I ears, which would be apttodrive him hack j to the fortress of Ham or some other j place of confinement, much too soon for his own comfort. Indeed, the independ ence of Cuba is not less important to Franee \ and England, commercially, than to this j country.—-The enterprise which would spring np in every department of trade there, consequent upon the infusion of American energy and industry, and the removal of oppressive restrictions up n commerce and navigation, could not but be highly beneficial to those nations, as well as to all other marit me countries. Cuba is now a young giantess, slumbering in chains; Gut remove those chains and free her limbs, and she will become the most productive and thrifty spot upon the ground. The policy of this country will, of course depend very much upon circumstances. While the Government wilt take care to vindicate the laws, and observe all treaty obliga'ions, it will no doubt with equal promptness resist all efforts on the part of other powers to appropriate Cuba to ‘ themselves, or to re-suojugate her after ! she has once established her own indepen dence. The policy of the present Admin istration thus far presents ample assurance that the honor and interests ofthe country will be protected, both at home and abroad. Kossuth not to be Released. —The ■Ne’” York Courier and Enquirer of Mon day, has a despatch from Washington, as follows : ♦‘Despatches were yesterday received from Mr. McCurdy, Charge at Vienna, dated the 29th of (March, stating that the Austrain Government had refused the ap plication of the Sultan to release Kossuth and his companions in exile. By compact letween Austria and Turkey, the latter was charged with the surveillance of these prisoners, numbering several hundred, but the Sultan findipg the expense of maintain ing them becoming burdensome, applied to be relieved from the incumbrance. This application was granted as far as respected all but Kossuth and eight or ten others; and word to this effect was sent to the Sul tan before intelligence reached Vienna of the recent action of our Government. An urgent appeal will be addressed to Aus tria by our Government on this subject.— The brother of the Austrian Emperior, who is to command the Austrian Navy, will visit this country in the course of the year, to examine our public yards and mode of naval construction, and institutions gener ally. Northorn Friends and Enemies. The election of Sumner, the violent Abo litionist, to the United States Senate, from Massachusetts, is anew light on the dispu ted question of the devotion of that State to the Union, and law and order, and oth er trumpery watchwords of the Compro mise party’. The Massachusetts Legisla ture have been fighting this Senatorial question since January. The number of ballots has been great, and the amount of intrigueing, lying, bribing, cursing and spluttering, incredible. All this, for a long time, left the difficulty’just where it found it. Mr. Sumner could nut be elected. The fugitive Crafts was apprehended, and es caped, hut no decisive effect was produc ed on the state ot parties. The other fugi tive— we have forgotten his name—was rescued out ofthe Court House, to the great indigna’ion of Mr. Fillmore and others, but still neither Sumner nor any r body else could be elected Senator. But, finally, a [ fugitive slave is restored to his owner, (at a cost of five times his value;) the dignity of the law is vindicated in Boston ; it is tri umphantly proved to the satisfaction of all Compromisers, that the great body of the people of Massachusetts are sound on the subject ofthe Constitutional obligati, ns, — and, 10, at the very next trial after this event, Massachusetts elects an unmitiga ted Abolitionist to jhc United States Sen ate. This is the echo which she sends back in answer to the extravaganteulogies and rejoicings if the Administration press, North and South. It is not indeed the first indication, but if is the most significant. The indignity offered to Mr. Webster was a hint from Boston merely; this is tin: voice of the whole State. We have, tin n, Massachu setts declaring herself in the most solemn foim, against the execution ofthe Fugitive Law, ami electing to the highest office in ’ her gift, a man notorious for instigating the ! mob to oppose its execution by violence. This the State for which the President and his Secretaries, and his organs, have kept up a stream of specious promises,— pledging themselves that Its feeling was loyal, and a little time would prove that all the disturbances “ere the work of a tew demagogues at the head ofa few fools. Now, the reason why the triumph of law has been followed by such consequences, is worth considering. There is but one conclusion—that the people of Massachu setts are, with very few exceptions, Aboli tionists,—practical, determined, and bitter Abolitionists. The fact is ndeed abundant ly proven by all their declarations ot opi nion,—but on no other ground could we account tor this result, that the execution of the fugitive law has suddenly raised the violent anti-slavery party to supremacy’. The “triumph of law” has merely prece ded the triumph ot Sumner. It has brought the matter to a test, and this is the result, j Charleston Mercury. B uNing of Grand Gulf. —The Pica-’ yuiie says that the officers of the steamer j United States, which arrived at New Or-I leans, Wednesday evening, confirm the j telegraphic report ofthe destructive fire at; Grand Gulf, Miss. When that boat passed the place on Tuesday, the 15th., at half past 12 o’clock the fire was raging fearful ly: the wind was blowing high; half the place was in ashes, with no other means of quenching tin? flames than by carrying | water tiorn the river in buckets. There is I hardly a hope that the town has been sa- I veil from entire destruction. | A celebrated advertiser in the United States spends $30,090 per annum for that object. What is the result? Why, he is at present one of the wealthiest men in the country. Facts are stubborn things. Persevere. —Knowledge cannot be ac quired without pains and application. It : is troublesome, and like deep digging for j pure waters ; but when once ymi come to ; the spring, they rise np and meet you. The New York Day Boole, noticing the relusal of the use of Faneuil Hall to Daniel Webster, by the city fathets of Boston says, “It is a pity Daniel’s hair is not kinky —then he could speak any where in Bos ton and on any thing.” A Cincinnati paper states that in the year 1828 a German gardner purchased a lot nl two and a half acres of ground at the West end of eighth street iti that city for $2,200. Last week’ he sold the same for $52,000, A witter firm California, in the Hailford Times,says: ‘-I believe there are nit re poor people in California, in propor tion to the nun her of the inhabitants, than in the lest of the United States. Diplomatic Affaiks at Washington. —A despatch from Washington to the Philadelphia North American, furnishes the following interesting items: Assoon as the Secretary of State returns to Washington the Nicnraugua question will be immediately taken up by the Cab inet. England has committed violations ! of the convention so recently agreed upon j and solemnly rat fied by her; and the British Ambassador succeeded in getting Squier’s treaty with Nicaragua, with the modifications proposed by Gen. Taylor’s administration laid on the table in the Sen ate, The lost ground must be recovered, and that modified treaty must be confirmed, or all the rights and interests of the l nited States in Central America will be sacrifi ced to Britain. There has been too much neglect or concession already Cnalfield should have been sent home when Mr. Squier was recalled. [t is slated that Mr. Walsh, late Secre tary of Legation at Mexico, who was sent to Havti to unite with the British and French agents in concentrating tne govern ment of ti e Island in Soulor que, has been snubbed by his safle highness. Strange i[ that there should have L< n any hesitation I in recognising the Government of Liberia, and yet so much iliiiigimss to follow for eign examples in San Domingo. Gen. Taylor’s policy was to encourage the Do minicans against the Efiyiietis, whites against black's, republicans agauist impe rialists, and make Souioque pay indemni ty for confiscating American properly. X3T In his speech in the Virginia Con vention the other day, Mr. Bolts related this anecdote of General Jackson: “When the investigation into General Jackson’s conduct in the Seminole war was going on he asked Mr. John Quincy Adams, then his firm defender, how the matter stood? Mr Adams said they would manage the case yery well, but the authorities wore very strong against the General. ‘What authorities? asked the Old Hero,'PufFend orfl, and Groiius, and Vattel,’ replied Mr Adams. ‘Tell Mr. PuffendorfF, and Mr. Grotius, and xMr. Vattel,’ exclaimed the General,‘that by tbfe Eternal if they say anything against me about .this Seminole war, I will cut their and and ears ofl!” “What’s the matter?” demanded a ven dor of pork. “Do you find any fauit with my sausages/” “No,” replied the Yankee “I’ve noth ing agin the sassingers. Only, dog wont eat dog, that’s all. | NUMBER 20 FRIDAY MORNING, MAY 2, 1851. (ty“ln the absence of the Editor, we promised to play scissors by cutting the latest news, the most interesting extracts, wjjpther as to the Cotton excitement, the wool excitement, the Cuba excitement or any other of the interesting matters that from time to time appear in our exchanges touching mundane affairs ; this we prom ised to do, and we fear that in doing more we may piay scissors with the Editor, and in return be cut by him and ousted from our comfortable seat, but being somewhat troubled with the “ cacoethes scribendi” we cannot resist the freedom of the Press, and so embrace this opportunity to say a few words for ourself and for which be it understood, (we, that is, I) the present temporary incumbent, and not the Editor, are alone responsible ; of what we shall write we plead at present utter uncon sciousness, it shall be whatever comes up permost when the deyil cries copy. We find laying on the Editor’s table a communication addressed “To the Me chanics Society of Macon and to Mr Jus tice in particular,” whether this article was intended by the Editor for publication or meant to be laid aside among his re jected addresses we know not, but in as much as we approve of its general tone and think the subject one of vital impor tance to tile South, we give place to the communication. In our opinion this movement of the mechanics is one of the strongest evidences of the success of the abolitionists; but tor the fact that they have created a prejudice against the institution of slavery in our very midst, the opposition to negro me chanics now existing would have been a thing unknown to dur people ; it is in fact the germ of abolition—yea, more ! it is the first fruit of the tree already rooted and flourishing upon our soil. When we say this, we do not wish to be understood as charging the mechanics of the South with wilfully aiding the abolitionists, far from it, we believe that they, or at all events, the greater portion of them, are sound up on the subject of Southern institutions, but without knowing from what source they have derived the fee'ing—the movement itsell in opposition to stave labor in a par ticular branch of industry is patent evi dence that they have imbibed the very same prejudices which in. i greater degree possess the Northern mind and array that entire portion of the country in deadly hostility to our iust.tutions. And how long will it be before this feeling, mani festing itself in this movement of the me chanics, shall spread, and becomo danger ous to the institution itself in all the branch es of industry 1 The period is much nearer than those suppose who have given to the subject a superficial glance ; Without another legislative act, with only a contin uance of the present agitation at the North, unless the South comes to the rescue and interposes her shield for the protection of slavery we believe there are those now alive who will see an abolition party at the South that shall destroy the last ves tige of slavery and doom to extermination the happiest class of laborers known to the world! Abolition struck its great and triumphant blow when it circumscribed slavery to its present limits. The great dan ger of the South in respect to slavery is not the limited area in which it exists, but the inability to diversify that cla soflabor without forcing it put of the fields into i other avenues of industry, it was for thi i reason that the admission of California a ■ a slave State was all important to the South not because of the enlarged area, but be cause in mining it offered the means of diversifying labor. Confine slave labor to the production of cotton and with the present state ot feeling as manifested in this movement of the mechanics that cir cumstance alone will prove disastrous to the South. Slavery is at last but capi tal. The permanency of the institution must depend upon its value, no power can extend it beyond that period when as capi tal it will pay a remunerating interest —we take this for granted and with a few other facts which we .shall briefly state, con clude that continued agitation, and the confinement of slave labor to tbe produc tion of cotton are the only means that the abolitionists require to insure emancipa tion throughout the length and breadth of a “Submissive South.” With an extant of country unlimited in its capability for producing cotton, we as sume Ist. That its production at the rate of 2j to 3 bales to the hand, does not employ over 900,000 laborers. 2d. That this population by its natural increase doubles itself in about 25 years. 3d. That as the increase of consumption has [doubled itself, the price of the raw material taking an average of five years has about halved itself (not taking into this calculation unnatural prices such as those of the last year occasioned by short crops, &c.) but for these circumstances cotton would now be worth 6to 7 cents. If these premises are true, and we think with a lit tle trouble we can prove them—then judg ing of the future by the past, it follows as a consequence that if the slave population with its increase for want cf diversity of labor is confined to the culture of cotton in 25 years the price ot cotton must be re duced from 3 to4cts., and in this calcula tion we admit that the consumption will increase in as great a relative proportion to the production as it has done tor the last 25 years—a result which we by no means anticipate, andfor our opinion we think we could show strong reasons, but admitting that the consumption shall so continue to increase,cotton will yet be reduced to from Bto 4 cts., with its decline there will be a corresponding decline in the value of ne gro property until the planter will be com pelled to seek some new employment for his capital, this will drive negroes out of the cotton fields into all the channels ot industry now occupied by white febor, and the very same spirit that impels the mechanics to their present opposition, will array in opposition to slavery all the in dustrial classes with whom it comes in contact. The same narrow yiew that ani mates the mechanics now will then oper ate to a greater extent on the other classes oflabor s and an abolition party will be found at the South which wiil drive frotti her soil all who are able to leave it* ahd the poor white men of the South will hsiVe to be the actors in that war of extermini tion which must inevitably follow the lib* eration of a race to whom liberty will be a curse. The agitation of slavery in the Northern States by alarming the bordef States andforcing their slaves into the Mid dle and Southern States will accelerate! the period that would otherwise be reach ed in 25 or 30 years by the natural in crease of population, The prohibition to diversified slave labor cause by circurn* scribing the area to the cotton region is creating a sentiment in the masses of th® South which, if not checked, will prevent the negro from occupying any of the va* rious channels of industry otherwise open to his skill; f*>r these reasons we say that abolition struck its triumphant blow whefl aided by Southern hands the California fraud was perpetrated. The safety of the South depends uport herself; she must crush this sentiment (now rising into strength upon her own soil) in opposition to slave labor ; she must open the way in other climes for diversity of labor —she can do these things, she must do them, or she must perish. For tlic Time*, To the Mechanics’ Society of Macon and tq “Mr Justice ” in p irticular. As the negro question is a sensitive plant of Southern soil Ulat will not bear the test ofrough handling, without creating foul prejudices and aggravated sore shins; it is with sorrow and lamentation that J see so noble a purpose and laudable an object as the elevation of the white mechanic, so perverted and debased at its very out set by the specious, yet salacious argu* ments as a strike against the negro chanic. Gentlemen! continue your lauda ble purpose of hoarding useful kuowledga and ennobling your ranks by a higher standard of intellectual and skilifu} kppwK edge. Hold your societies for mutual benefits and have your libraries of useful inforinatica, and you will meet with the encouragement and well wishes of every citizen. But win n you go beyond yqup ennobling pursuits, and make yourstrikes at the interest of others, you create prejij; dices without benefitting yourselves or consummating any good purposes. who is making this strike and crying protection, protection from the insignifi cant negro] Is it the Democrat whose honest faith and livingcreed is “free trade and sailor’s rights 1” Is it he, who was so exceedingly gladsome, several years suice, at the accession that the Legislature made of the Steamers and all the Pathies„ to ihe Medical Fraternity 1 Does it include, any ot that class who contended that there, was no law against suicide —ar,d a maq was, in his own light, if he preferred hum buggeiy to science ] or those who argued that true merit and intrinsic tyqrlh. never, feared opposition } or is it even the hon est mechanic, well versed and skilled in, his trade, who is crying out for protection, against the negro] Really, I think not.—>•. True meiit is ever appreciated, and will meet with its rich rewards jf fqqnd eveq in a dog. But whenever yqq meet with one of these presumptive know-nothings, you will find ho has not been to the extent of his own visionary imagina tions, and he is ever on the alert for any. strike. He hunts the vagrant, the inijo* lent and the lazy. He tells the tele o| sorrow—oftlu; trials, tribulations and sin terings of the poor. By spepiofis reason-, ing he brings them all to depend upon tha. same grand cause ; a series of oppress sions and innumerable wrongs. He has attuned the cord of indolence for.any in harmonious variatioi . The crowd is rife to do something—the procession is form ed, and the hue and cry is raised agaiqst the most vulnerable point of the body, politic for bread and protection—“down, down wilh the murderous assa§sjos, fo,y. they have rubbed us of our life, our pit tance, our all.” When, God knows, fljat all the protection under Heaven could not make that class fit for any profession or, trade, or even good citizens. Yet, they hold the side sympathy, of pathetic ap peals and fanaticism. But, gentlemen mechanics, why dq you; seek protection from the negro? Because the association is degrading the aristocrat; ic mechanic to the standard of the negro workman. My God ! Farmers, where dq you rank? Kicked out of the firsf circles for your blunt ways and honest heart; not fit to associate with Lawyers, Ifectors an<s Merchants only so far as to feed them on, your paps; you were; content to grasp the honest fist and welcome the association with the intelligent and industrious me chanic. But qow, alas ! ir you your daily labor of honesty and content-, ment in the field—it is the province of the negro, and whether yoq work theij vjith op without them, you become contaminafe<| and degraded and unfit to associate witlj my lord striker, the protectionist. All yq. overseers look out for ibe ipechanic antj ioff yi.ur hat to my lord striker. Ye boat hands watch and duff to my lord striker.—-. Ye rich nabobs who once worked by thq. sides of the contaminating pegro, fiofftq my lord striker. All ye mechanics whq by dint of hard licks and economical hus; bandry hqye been able to purchase assis tance in the shape of a negro fioy, and foolishly taught him your trade, doff, dofjf to my lord striker, the protectionist. Yq Editors, who uncqnscious of harm psed the negro over your press machinery, tap, your beavers to my lord. Thus the con-, tamination and degradation of associating, runs through every member of our cqnv munity, except my lord strikers. All arq doing well and contented, exceptyou, my lord protectionists. But ,yqu, gentlemen mechanics, want protection fßorrj negro, competition. 4 ( | IJ Q s not every other, white man who is compelled to labor, coni; pete with negro labor? And you alone complain. If negro competition deprives you of living wages, why stay in their cir-. cumscribed limits ‘! It is not far to Yankee, nation and free soil wages, that are under the same glorious republic and auspicious laws that we are. The world is open to you and none but our Southern soil holds up negro .competition against you; gq then where this competipn is not against you, and remunerating piices awq.it you. We will feel sorry for the loss of the good citizens and trionds, but the father suffers his darling child to tear himself from his hallowed homestead to seek his fortunes in the world. ‘Glome sweet home ’ qn; twines its tendrils around my heart, bqf my native land, the land of my birth hath no charms to hold me if its organization wretchedly deprives of a living and life and keeps me miserable. But, gentle; men, if you have a differently mind, destroy the circumscribed fifpits 9} slavery, and open the world t 0 u - 0) ” the slaveowner as fair a field in another land and we will leave you, gentlemep mechanics, our native landtohqnt peace,