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contentment and safety for ours. We are
not imposing our negro labor on you, for
we cannot move them.
But it is uot the negro competition tha
s affecting the good mechanic in his
trade. It is but a small item in compari
son to that of machinery. Reflect and see
how this mons’er has shortened your jobs
and cut down your pay; but it you are
truly honest then in your endeavors after
protection, wrestle with the true source ;
throttle the giant and tear down the ma
chinery. Do this, and do not strike the ;
innocent unoffending sore-shins and ten
der parts of the body politic because they
are ihe tinder box of vulnerability. As to
its dangerous tendencies, every mind with
but a small modicum of intellect is fully
satisfied that there is not a slave owner,
whether farmer, mechanic or any thing
else, who yield to the persuasion, to keep
his negro out of a trade simply on the
ground of encouragement to the white
man. No, their bowels are not so easily
filled with compassion as to give up his
interest and put down his negro mechan
ics for the sake of humanity for the
, .whites. You can not operate on his ten
der feelings. You have worked your
selves up into the belief that he alone
js starving you. You ask of him a fa
vor in the name of bread, life and wages.
—Ha sees not your claims upon him hut
that you are disposed to infringe upon his
.-acred rights, and rob him of his income.
Prejudices are excited.—You cannot per
sugde the slave-owner to your mind o
thinking, but you can gore him on his fears
and force him to your conclusions, by the
tiro-brand of abolitionism. Thus you are
elevating the mechanic, not by the enno
bling virtues of intellectual improvement,
industry and skill, but by the downfall of
the negro. Every negro’s carcass gives
you a foundation to build up an exemplary
mechanic. You say the owner loses noth
ing in yielding the point on mechanics.
What!—when you thereby en'er the do
mestic wedge into the heart of slnvery, and
thepet’ed serpentdevouring its vitals! You
would do worse than the vilest abolitionist
—you would dispoil the owner of the in
come, and compel him to support the ne
gro. And even then, where are the assu
rances against another strike 1 1 offer this
n no factious spirit of opposition, hut as
tut mature convictions of my judgment for
i warning against the evil consequences
hat seems unconsciously to be brewing in
die distance. A Jacobin club gives birth
:o a Girondist. — Verbum sat sapientibus.
VIRGIL.
From tli Southffrn Pro**.
REVOLUTIONARY MOVEMENTS.
Almost everv Democratic member of the
eimte of New Yi rli. resigned his seat in
hat body toe other day, to disorganize the
legislature of the Slate to prevent the pas
vige r s a hill to pledge the surplus reven
ues of the Erie canal for nine millions of
i lollars, to he ex,.ended in the enlargement
f that work. The constitution of that
state prohibits the creation of a debt for
Mich a purpose, but authorizes the uppli-
Milion ol the surplus canal revenues for it.
The bill which has thus t een defeated, or
nullified, nr frustrated, w as designed to n>i
icipate this surplus revenue,and proceed
viih the work forthwith.
Now it so happens that these Democrnt
c senators are principally Barnburners,
ind belong to that particular portion of the
tarty that was in favor not only if the late
•.orn promise —but of the Wilmot Proviso
—and was so much devoted to the Union,
hat they have regarded with holy indig
nation the resistance ot the South to these
■Measures of disgrace and spoliation. No
( lass of men denounced with more ncriino
iV the suggestion of any measures hv the
_doutii to resist or frustrate in Congress, the
■nssage of th*- acts to appropriate thecoin
nnn territory of the Union to the North.
Yet, now on a measure simply proposing
o anticipate the period of an enterprize ex
pressly nrovided for in their constitution,
?bov secede. frustrate:, disorganize anti re
volutionize. We think, oirr-elves, tiiat
the plan of pledging the fund foran imme
diate enlargement, is unconstitutional; but
ti3 net half so oppressive to any part or
ection as the late measures of adjustment.
Yet these vehement professors ot law and
rder, and submission 10 the will of a ma
nly, undertake to disorganize.
So in Virginia. The political power of
he State is, according to the present con
dtution, in that portion of it east of the
olue ridge The convention now in ses
• ion to amend the constitution, is in a dis
iiite as to the basis of representation—a
dispute which depends the question wheth
er the east or tile west is to rule the State.
According to the present basis of repre
sentation, the east would remain the most
powerful in the legislature, According to
. proposed basis the west would predomi
iate But tl e convention was elected tin
derthe existing system, and therefore con
suls n majority of eastern members; and
.hey very naturally prefer either the exist
tig system, or one sufficiently similar to
jecurt their power. Thereupon, the west
fire ate ns to secede —to divide the State by
he Blue ridge—and to accomplish this
plan with* til the consent of the east or the
instituted authority. Fie! fie! fie!—
The western part of Virginia is the most
i,uietand submissive to the late Compromise
‘n Congress of any portion of her people.
That Compromise dooms the South toper
etual inferiority—to hopeless Northern
iomioit n. And it ib es this not by deny
ng the South a right to suffrage, or of rt p
.eSfHlation, hit, by denying it a right to
colonize, to occupy, to purchase, a part of
the territory which she so largely assisted
■4 o acquite by her blood ami treasure.
Eastern Virginia, which .ias the most
roperty, refuses to transfer the control of
to the west, which’ has the most white i
’ ■ opuiatton. But tin federal government
t prives the South of ti.e right of using a j
operty already acquired and owned.— |
{et western Virginia tubinits very quietly |
? ■ federal usurps tion, to the violation of an ;
xisting constitution, and then turn% round j
id threatens to overthrow another exist- i
rig constiiuiion by revolution, without any
. retence of usurpation, or even ofabuse of
power.
These two signal cases of inconsistency
.how how much is meant by the cant of
Union, Compromise, Conciliation, Frater
;ty and Patriotism.
FACTS OK FOOTE.
Read the following reminiscence of Gen.
f ’oote, from a correspondent of the St. Lou
is Times, and ask yourself the question,
■hether politically, he is entitled to the
least confidence of any honest man. His
tourse reminds us of an old quotation:
“He wires in and wires out,
And leaves a body slili in doubt,
Whether the snake that made the track,
Was going forth or coining back/’
*’ For the cause of truth andd justice per
mit me to present to your numerous read
ers a few reminiscences of Mr. Foote, in
order that they, of all parties, may form
jme opinion as to the value of testimony
from such a “witness.”
About the year 1829, he established, or
as engaged in a public press at Vicks
urg, whose course and policy was to ad
vocate the political opinions of Hon. John
v. Calhoun. 7’he extravagance ofhis ad
vocacy of Mr. C. and bis opinions as the
nlv safe means of preserving the consti
. alion aud the Union, is well attested by
tij c history of that time. In 1830 or ’3l,
discovering that Gen. Jackson was serious
in his breach with Mr. C., and snuffing in
the breeze the approaching storm of his
popularity, Mr. Foote suddenly turned a
somerset, glorified Gen Jackson and de
nounced Mr. Calhoun in a train more bit
ter and vulgar than you would denounce a
highway robber or a pickpocket.
In 1835 he became a furious advocate of
Judge White for the presidency, and abus
ed Martin Van Buren and the Albany Re
gency in no measured terms.
In 1838 be tvas nominated and elected
by the Wh’g party as a member to the
Legislature from Hinds county. He was
elected with the view chiefly of abusing
and villifying the Locofoco party. This
pledge he redeemed to the hearty satisfac
tion of the Whigs.
Soon after this he was found in the De
mocratic ranks.
In 1839 he made a pilgrimage to Wash
ing to obtain, as it was said and not doubt
ed by the public, some office from Mr.
Buren. Seeing that Van and his adniinU
istralion turned a cold shoulder to ail of his
sweet smiles and caresses, he returned to
Mississippi, pouring out his patriotic in
dignation against ‘he President and his
prominent friends. Mr. Benton especial
ly, was the object of his maledictions,
couched in language that would be offen
sive to ordinary decet.cy. The streets,
hotels, and coffee-houses of those regions,
can well attest h ; s extravagance and abuse
of Van Buren anJ his administration.
During the same year, 1839, at a Whig
barbecue at Jackson, he made a speech
fthe cacothis lo queendi ol the men is most
astonishedj denouncing “the poweis' ’ at
Washington—pi ured out n most fulsome
eulogy on Mr.Clay—advocated a Nation
al Bank, both as constitutional and highly
expedient.
In 1840, by the queer evolutions of
his restless ambition and untiring tnanao
uvres, he was selected and run as one
if the Van Buren eleett rs of th ti State.
As to his advocacy ol repudiation in
1841 and ’42, I will say nothing.
Lu the the view of the foregoing and in
numerable other instances of such consis
tency, it is often asked how did it hap
pen that Mr. Poors was elected Senator?
To answer this interesting que.-tion I
refer the public to the Senator himself, and
lo his finmer friend, Roger Barton E>q ,
of North Mississippi. It is notorious that
Barton and his friends, the Democrats of
North Mississippi made him Senator.
And the sequel of the j ke was that Bar
ton was about th** first mat) in the Slate
who met him in 1849, on his return from
Washington, and gave him one of the
most scathing rebukes that was ever in
flicted on mortal man.
As to his present position with the
Democratic party of that Slate, I pretend
not to know, but I will venture an opinion
that 95 per cent, of that party will be found
in be firmly opposed to his re-election to
the United Slates.
And why may it be asked this sudden
and vast change of the Democracy in ref
erence to the Senator?
Waiving ttie fact that he never posses
sed any genuine pipuluiity in that S ale,
it may be remembered that about the time
a biil forthe admission of California was
introduced, Senator Foote with the whole
delegtion, wrote to Governor Quiitman,
representing that it was quite probable, if
not certain, that with the obn xious con
stitution, would he admitted as a State.—
It denounced such admission as a great
outrage upon the South, and such an act as
should not be quietly submitted to. Never
theless, lie, with the otheis, earnestly re
quested the Governor for his advice in the
emergency—invoking him to ascertain the
wishes of the people and of the Legislature
as to their duty. The Governor piomplly
replied, urging him, with the rest, to op
pose tiie admission of California, with her
piesent and then constitution, under any
and all circumstances. Tne people, espe.
cially the Democrat, and the Legislature,
sustained the Gov. in his views. The Leg
islature gave instructions to the same pur
pose.
Now, mark the sequel. As soon as this
advice which Ac had invoked, was given
and pressed upon the representation of
that State, Mr. Foote made another of those
astounding sormnersets for which he is
so famous. All of the del'gation of this
State have remained true to the wishes,
especially of the Democratic party of Un
people of the Stale.
It is notorious that in this late late stmg
gle, Mr. Foote was the most ramp.mt Ht
spur that the South contained. His <t
tack upon the Northern” influence m gen
eral, and upon Mr. Hale in partii ular. save
him the delectable soubriquet ofthe South
ern hangman. Now lie is as soothing
(nil!gentle as a turtle dove. And with this
Northern, influence, endorsed by Mr Clay
he is a great and patiiotic statesman!
[From tha I o iisiana Courier.]
THE LATE COMM3DORE BARRON.
This gallant officer has at last paid the
debt ofnalure. The telegraph of this morn
ing reports his death at Norfolk. He was
the oldest officer in the navy of the U. S.
A native of Virginia; he entered the ser
vice as a Midshipman,and rose tothe rank
of Captain. Alter attaining this rank, for
some alledged misconduct he was suspen
ded frotnactive duty,and fora longtime his
reputation was under acl ml. This tran
saction involved him in a quarrel with the
gallant Capt. Stephen Decatur, the Nelson
of the American navy. They fought at
Bladtnsburg with pistols, and both fell,
Decatur mortally, Barron severely woun
ded. The sensation produced, we would
rather term it the shock of Decatur’s death,
is well remembered. He was in the mer
idah of life, biilliai.t wi:h the lustre of he
roic achievement, worshipped by his
friends, the idol ofthe people—for he was
the incarnation of the glory and chivalry of
| the Republic, then fresh from a vat with
! the strongest nation of Europe, whose lau
i rels we had won or. many a bloody field,
! and whose trident we had broken on the
i ‘‘mountain wave.”
Ihe fail of Decatur, while it shiouded |
our country in mourning, was followed,
visibly by two effects. It awakem and a
strongmoral feeling against duelling which
until tfiat event was tacitly sanctiontd in
tl;e army and navy ofthe United States,
and by the example ot our most eminent
j statesman. Stringent legislative, and con-
I stitutium.l enactments against the practice
were adopted by all tlie States, and the
Federal Executive discountenanced the j
usage in the army and navy.
Public attention likewise, directed to
waids Barron, by the fall o f Decatur,
naturally led to an enquiry into the origin
of the quarrel and into the circumstances
that superinduced his suspension from ac
tive service. A strong feeling of sympathy
and of justice, particularly in Virginia, was
awakened in his favor, and the conviction
became geueral that he had been treated
i with unmerited severity, if not with pos
| itive injustice. He was recalled to active
duty, and now, at an advanced age, dies
with the national reputation—which at no
time did he ever lose among those that
knew him well, and wfc were free from
professional rivpry and hostility— of a gal
lant officer, and an honorable, and high.-
toned man.
It is announced here confidentially that j
Mr Foote, of the Buffalo Advertiser, late j
United States Charge at Bogota, will soon i
take a seat at the ediforial desk of the Re- j
public, arrangements to thatend being now
in progress.
The awards of the Mexican Commis- !
sioners have caused much dissatisfaction j
and a Congressional inquiry is threatened
by the disappointed claimants. Some
queer awards were made, and some queer
er rejections. ®
FOREIGN ITEMS.
Decrease of the Roman People. —The
population of Rome has been steadily de
creasing since 1848, when it amounted to
179,000 souls. A dimunition in nearly the
same proportion has taken place in the
rest of the Roman States. \
Louis Philippe’s Pictures for Sale. —
The heirs of Louis Philippe are about to
offer for sale the gallery of modern pic
tures in the Palace Royal.
A Novelist Honored. —M. Eugene Sue
has been elected by the French Assembly
President of the second committee, by 18
votes against 17 for the Due de Broglie.
Jesuit Restoration at Rome. —The Je
suits have obtained the restoration of the
Borromean College, at Rome. The Min
ister of Commerce, who inhabited it, has
been obliged to leave it in less than de
cent haste, and retired to the Custom
House buildings.
Increase of Marriagers at Paris.—
The number of marriages this year at Pa
ris, amongst the working class, is said to
ffie larger than usual. In the most popu
lous arondissements of the capital, the
boards on which the publication of bans
are placarded, aie constantly covered.
Repudiation in Spain. —The Spanish Min
ister, Bravo Murillo, gives clear intima
tions of hi3 intention to repudiate the na
tional debt. He asks his creditors to re
nounce one half of their claims, when he
will see what can be done tor the remain
ing moiety.
Return of the King of Sweden. —The King
of Sweden has reached Stockholm, on his
return from Norway, and immediately dis
solved th ■ Regency appointed to govern
in his absence.
The disturbances in Norway, are said to
he at an end.
Italian Patriot Caught. —An unfortunate
patriot has been ariested at Rome, with
some tickets of the Mazzini loan in his pos
session. Death or imprisonment for life
will be the unavoidable consequence. The
Mazzinians in Rome, however, nothing
daunted, have issued a caution to the pub
lic in print, giving the numbers and let
ters of the tickets thus seized, and warning
the public a; ainst them.
The New Papal Ministry. —The Council
of State, lately appointed by the Pope, met
for the first time on the 18th. Prince Odes
calchi has been elected President of the
Pontificial Academy of Science.
Progress in Tuscany. —The Archbishops
and Bishops of Tuscany have sent an ad
dress to the Grand Duke of Tuscany, to re
mind him of his promises and sacred obli
gations of 1818, and to recommend the
adoption oflibetal measures.
Honor among Convicts. —The. State Pri
soners, Poerio, Pironti, &c.,. condemned
to the galleys for life at Naples, have been
reco- ered from Nisida, —where their pre
sence in the bagno had created an inde
scribable sensation among the most aban
doned convicts, who showed them every
token of reverence, and expressed the most
violent indignation that such men should
be doomed to their own fate, —and sent to
the island of Ischia, th- re to be thrown in
a dark subterranean dungeonof the castle
called II Fosso, the ditch—a dark hole
where no human beings have been shut up
since the middle ages.
The Irish Tenant League. —The Irish Ten
ant League has received another and more
signal repulse than it met in Limerick, by
the disastrous defeat at Dungarven of its
ablest champion (Mr. J. F. Magui.ie), and
the return of the whig candidate (Mr Pon
sonbv), by a majority of 73 in a constitu
ency which counts little over 300 voters.
Railways in Austrian Italy. —Austria is
binding Italy with a net of her own rail
ways A line is to run fr >in Venice to Leg
horn, crossing Lombardy, the Duchies of
Parma and Modena, the Legations and
Tuscany. All the commercial interests of
those countries wilt bo sacrificed to the
military exigencies of the ruling power.
Woe to the conquered!
The Nepaulese Ambassador, whose appear”
ance in England created quite a sensation,
has, on his return to Nepaul, been receiv
ed witlugreat state in his own country ,
he has already engaged for the construc
tion of a grand road from the capital to the
frontier—the first fruits of his visit to Eu
rope.
Connection between France and Brazil. —
A line of packets between France and Bra
zil is proposed to be established ; they are
to start from Nantes, and sail to Pernam
buco, Bahia and Rio Janeiro.
Marshal Soult. —The rumor recently in
circulation as to the bad state of health of
Marshal Soult, appears to be unfounded,
as a letter had been received from him of
a late date, which makes no mention ot
any indisposition.
Sir Rob rt Peel's Sons. —The two sons of
Sir Robert Peel were opposed to each
other on the Papal Aggression bill ; Sir M.
Peel voted in favor ot it, and Mr. Freder
ick Peel against it.
Chucrh in London for American Protestant
Dissenters. —The large room, Exeter Hall,
has been taken by dissenters for Divine
worship, and preaching in the English lan
guage, on Saturdays, during the'exhibition
in London, for the accommodation of visit
ors from the provinces and from America.
Important Movement of Mechanics and La
borers, —A World’s Convention of Mechan
ics and Working Mon is to be held in Lon
don, during the Fair of 1851, for the pur
pose of effecting an interchange of opin
ions in relation to the state ot labor and
the condition ofthe working classes in all
parts ofthe world,
Curious Work. —A lady residing at Stra
bane has sent to the exhibition a knitted
lace scarf, containing 12$ miles of thread,
and 3,475,000 stitches. It is nine feet ten
inches in length, and three feet wide, and
is onty 5} ounces in weight.
British Railways in 1850.—The passen
gers by railroad increased from 35,000,000,
in 1846, to 54,000,000 in 1850, for England
and Wales alone ; and the total of the Uni
ted Kingdom for the last year was 69,000,-
000. The largest proportion is due to the
lowest class of passengers. While the
numberof first-class travellers has increas
ed 16,'and of second-class 97 percent, and
while third-class travellers have actually
diminished 2 per cent, the passengers by
parliamentary trains have increased 330
per cent upon their number in 1846. Yet,
for their most numerous class of custom
ers railway directors seem to take the least
care.
Priests in Rome. —From a statistical ac
count emanating from the vicar-general’s
office at Rome, we learn thai there are in
that city, which contains 170,824 inhabi
tants, 33 bishops, 1240 secular priests, 1892
regular priests, 1467 monks, and 321 schol
lars of seminaries.
ARREST OF A DESPERATE GANG OF ODLAWS
Cleveland, April *22.
The Detroit Daily Tribune of yesterday
contains the unnouncinent of the arrest of
a notorious gang of desperadoes who have
for a year or more infested Jackson county,
Michigan, and bv their lawlessness ren
dered ill- mselves a terror to all. We brief
ly announced on Saturday, says the ‘Trib
une, the arrest of a gang of men in Jack
sou county, who were organized for the
most nefarLus purposes that depravity
could suggest.
Our readers will remember that for the
iast year or two the Central Railroad Coin
pany have been constantly annoyed along
their line by persons whose sole occupa
tion .seemed to be the placing of obstruc
tions on the road and otherwise destroy
ing the property of the company. Atone
tune so systematic had their work of de
struction become thai the railroad compa
ny were induced to employ a couple of
shrewd persons, whose duty it should be to
travel along the line and detect the offend
ers. But so well organized were the band
that for 18 months they eluded the most
persevering inquiries. Some 4 weeks ago
however, one of the persons employed by
the company obtained an inkling ofthe or
ganization, and by adroit management
succeeded in working liimself into the
condefince of the initiated.
But before they would trust him io any
considerable extent, it was required, as a
proof of his allegiance, that he should fire
the depot at Niles on a certain night, pro
vided it mas not previously done by an in
dividual from this city, who was to be sent
cn for that purpose.
The night came, and to ward off suspi
cion or betrayal, as welL*s to secure the
full confidence of the gang, the depot was
fired—all necessary precautions having
been made to avert any serious damage to
the buildings.
The news that the depot at Niles had
been set on fire, but discovered in time to
prevent its destruction, at once gave to the
new recruit the fullest confidence of the
gang, and he was forthwith admitted to
the most secret counsels of the leading des
peradoes. Counterfeiting, horse-stealing
incendiarism, burglary, robbery, and the
smallest petty larcenies were the sworn
objects of this monstrous organization.
One of their designs was to blow up the
truck and cars by an ingeniously contriv
ed torpedo, so arranged as to be fired by
the locomotive, and to explode while the
passenger cars shot'ld be over it. The in
formant continued to act with them until
he had procured the names of 30 or 40 of
the conspirators, their places of residence,
&c., which were principally in Leona,
Centre, Jackson, and this city.
Before plans had been matured for their
arrest, the notorious Joe Downs, who it is
said was the general of the gang, was tak
en from this c.ty to Pittsburg on a requisi
tion from the governor of Pennsylvania,
and the command of the gang fell upon one
C. D. Williams, then in this city, but a
resident of New York. ID, it is ascer
tained, was to leave Detriot for Buffalo on
Thursday night, and, as his arrest at that
time would be the signal for a general dis
persion ol his accomplices, it was determin
ed to let him proceed, while an officer, fur
nished with the requisite papers, should
accompany him and make the arrest dur
ing the passage, thus giving time to per
fect a capture of his Companions in this
State.
That arrest was made by Will'am H.
Good now, of the custom-house, who was
acting as United States Marshal, and Wil
liams was brought hack to Detriot on Sa
turday night. On his way up, he reques
ted Mr. Goodnow to mail a letter for him
at Detriot, upon his arrival, which Mr. G.
consented to do; hut upon reaching the pri
son Williams informed him that it was not
then necessary, as th* gentleman to whom
he had written had also become an inmate
under the same root.
On Friday night—the time it had been
agreed upon to make the arrests in the in
terior—an extra train ol cars was sent out
from this city, with a large number of offi
cers and assistants, and such were the ar
rangements carried nut, by leaving squads
along the line, that at Leona, Michigan,
Centre, and Jackson, thirty-three men
were arrested simultaneously, about day
break on Saturday ni'ruing, and brought
in and lodged in jail.
Among the prisoners are. three justices
of the peace, five physiciasn. one judge and
four constables, the latter belonging to the
township of Leona, not an officer of which
from supervisor down to Post muster, but
is said to be impln atej. We omjt the
names of the parties implicated. In the
house ot one of them were found a variety
of implements for burning buildings, and so
constructed as to burn one hour or three
daj s before setting fire to the building. By
one of these machines it lias been discover,
ed that the depot of Detriot was fired lat
fall, which resulted in the loss ofßloo,ooo
worth of property.
Th** arrest were made on a writ from
the United States court, for stopping the
mails.a nd fore, unterfeiting United States,
coins The prisoners will probably be
detained until the next session of the dis
ric c urt.
Good. —The Boston Carpet Bag is re
sponsible for the following:
“A Yankee gentleman, conveying a
British friend around io view the different
objects of attraction in the city of Boston
brought him to Bunker Hill. They stood
looking at the splend.id shaft, when the
Yankee said: ‘That is the place where
Warren fell.’ *Ah! ’ replied the English
man, evidently not posted up in local
historical matters,‘did it hint him much?’
The native looked at him, with the expres
i sion of fourteen Fourth ofJulys in his
countenance‘Hurt him!’said he. ‘he was
’ killed, sir.’ ‘Ah! he was eh!’ said the
I stranger, still eyeing the monument, and
I computing its height, in his own mind,
| layer by layer; ‘wi 11, I think he would
i have been, to fall so far!’ The native tore
his hair.”
|
A cotemporury is very anxious to know
I the exact width of a “narrow escape.”
LIT To become celebrated a man must
either lead 6r oppose the multitude. Ves
sels to have steerage way must be made
to move either slower or taster that) the
stream.
A Rare Bird. —A fine specimen of the
Great White Heron was shot lately :n
Bethel township, Berks county, Penn. It
was sent to the Museum of the Academy
of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia.
Self Reliance.— The success of indi
viduals in life is greatly owing to their
early learning to depend upon their ou n
resource. Money, or the expectation of i*
by inheritance, has ruined more men than
the want of it ever did. Teach young
men to rely upon their own effbrs, to be
frugal and industrious, and you have fur
nished tli in with a productive capital
which no man can ever wrest from them.
iITDo one thing at a time, and do that
well. Be contented, industrious, and cour
teous, and success will crown your noble
efforts.
During a recent trial,a female witness
was asked if the woman upon whom an of
fence was committed, was previously to
the affair, chaste? “Yes,” was the reply,
•she was chaste about a quarter of a
mile.”
LF* “Ah, Eliza,” cried a puritan preach
er to a young lady who had just been ma
king her hair into beautiful ringh ts: “ \h,
Eliza had God intended your locks to be
curled, he would - have curled them for
you.” “Ai en L was an infant,” replied
the damsel “so he did, but now lam grown
np, he thinks l am able to do it myself.’,
TIT Mr Pitt went one evening into the
Duchess of G >rdan’s box at the Opera
House. Not having seen him for some
time, she addressed him with her usual
blunt familiarity. “Well Mr. Pitt, do v< u
talk as much nonsense as when I last saw
you? “i dont know that”said Mr Pitt,
“but I hare certainly not heard so much
nonsense since l had the pleasure of see
ing your grace.”
A si'gular death of a young man, named
Brooks Hodg<*, recurred nearPurysburg,
in Georgia, a fe.v days ago He was rid
ing a fract jus horse, on his way to a fish
ing place, with a large fish-hook and line
attached to the pummel of his saddle. The
harse took fright, and threw him forward
on his saddle, when the fish-hook entered
his heart, causing almost instant death.
EF” Lieut. W J Hunter, of the U States
Navy, was conveyed to the hospital
Philadelphia, on the 13th iust., in a dying
condition from the effects of laudanum,
which he had taken with the avowed in
tention of destroying himself. He was re
cently captain’s clerk on board the U. S.
brig Perry, and returned home in a few
weeks since on sick leave.
BT Rachel, the great French actress,
has postponed her visit to the U. States
this year, in consequence of the great ex
hibition in Londen. She is engaged there
for two months by Mr. Mitchell, at a sala
ry of SIO,OOO a mr nth, with all her expen
ses paid.
Sentiments in Michigan.— -The Otta
wa county Hollander, published in Gen
Cass’s bailiwick, giyes the follovving ex
empiication of pubic sentiment in its vicin
age.
A man was tarred at the East, and laid
his damages at $3,000.
A man was served the same way in this
county (Grand Haven J some time since,
and the fellow only charged S4O, and was
a gover°ment officer at that', The people
could ass rd to tar and feather the whole
pack at that rale. Slave-catchers might
as well keep away from a place-where a
coat of tar and feathers only costs s4o.
Southern Press,
The Words of an old Whig Journal
—The Baltimore Patriot has been as true
to Whiggery as the needle to the pole. It
utters the following truthful sentiment. Se
ward is triumphant in New York and he
and his followers will prove to be so in all
the free States.
“There can be no doubt that under the
lead of Gov. Seward, a systematic attempt
wiII now be made to make the repeal of
the Fugitive Slave Law the test in all elec
tions to Congress from the free States.
It is a fearful issue, but it must be met!”
Seward made at ihe New York Dinner
the most eloquent Union speech we have
yet seen. He is a great gunsnian with
the “masked battery !”
Interpreting the Scriptures.—A
Western paper of a late date must take the
blame for the following:
We heard the other day of an original
and highly ingenious interpretation of a
scriptural passage, which throws theacute
ness of Clarke and Henry quite into the
shade. A school boy down east, who was
noted among his playfellows for his frolics
will) the girls, was reading aloud in the
Old Testament, when corning to the phrase
“making the waste places glad,” he was
asked by the pendagogue *• what it meant?’
I'he youngster paused, scratched his head
hut could give no answer, when up jump
ed a more precocious urchin, and cried
i out:
“I knows what it means, master. It
means hugging the girts ; for Tom tliar is
(tilers hogging ’em round the U'tnsl, and
i t makes ‘em as glad as can be,”
Bounty Land Warrants. —The Nation
al Intelligencer says that by the appropri
ation bill of the 3d ultimo, a restriction is
imposed relative- to the location of Bounty
Land Warrants, which, from its being in
so inappropriate a place is not generally
known ; and as many holders are now ma
king arrangements, and some of them ex
pensive ones, to have their warrants loca
ted upon the valuable mineral and other
lands about to be brought into market the
ensuing summer and fall, it is suggested
that it be made public. We therefore pub
lish the provision as follows:
“'That no land for military services
granted by the act of2Bth September, 1850,
| entitled “An act granting bounty land to
certain officers a id soldiers who have en
gaged in the military service of the United
States,” or by virtue of any other act of
Congress heietofore passed, granting land
bounties for military services, shall be sat
isfied out of any public land not heretofore
j brought into market, and now subject to
private sale under existing laws.”
@l)c ®imcs.
SATURDAY EVENING MAY 3, 1851.
SOUTHERN RIGHTS MEETING.
The members of the Southern Rights
party of Muscogee County, are requested
to meet at the Court House in the city of
Columbus, on TUESDAY THE 13T#
Inst., at 12 o’clock, to appoint Delegates
to the Convention, to nominate a Candi
date for Governor at the ensuing election.
EDUCATIONAL MEETING.
The citizens of Muscogee county are
invited to attend a public meeting at the
Court House on Wednesday, after the 2d
Monday in May next, at 12 o’clock, for
the purpose of considering the propriety
of appointing delegates to the Common
School Convention to be held on the Bth
of July at Marietta.
The Editor is still absent at Chun
nenuggee.
Having addressed the Fair, we presume
he is now receiving the addresses of the
Fair and their sweet smiles as a reward for
his efforts in behalf of the Horticulturists.
We know nothing by experience of the plea
sures of such rewards, but we can very
well imagine that it is more agreeable to
bask in beauty’s smile, than to occupy an
editorial sanctum, ever and anon, inter
rupted by the appearance of the devil (a
necessary appendage to all printing estab
lishments) assailing the ear with his hoarse
cry of copy, copy, copy, for which, by the
way, since our induction into the myste
ries of “paper making” we think he has
an appetite most moibid and insatiable.—
The “ Tri-Weekly Times” to a reader
seems a very small sheet as compared with
the Journal of Commerce or Courier and
Enquirer, but only change places, dear
reader, and become temporary Editor, and
you will be surprised to see how much it
takes to fill it ; its dimensions seem
to expand by some inexplicable process,
and its capacity for absorbing copy would
appear to be the result of'some supernatu
ral powers wholly beyond your ken or
comprehension, at least so it is with us
and being thus circumstanced, imagine
theecstacy into which we have been thrown
by the receipt of Rhett’s recent speech at
Charleston which to-day will be found
published entire, in the columns of the
Times. It is an able exposition of the doc
trine of secession, and gives to the true
Southern heart renewed hope, that one
State at least will peril all for the vindica
tion of its constitutional rights. We com
mend the speech to the careful perusal of
all parties, for even with those who dis
sent from the position of South Carolina,
there must be a sympathy for wrongs, and
though they will not strike themselves for
truth and right, and justice, we doubt not
they will, despite their erring natures, ad*-
mire the noble spirit they dare not emu
late.
ANOTHER FREE-SOILER APPOINTED E 7 PILL
MORE.
■ “Grafton Baker of Missouri, has been
appointed by President Fillmore, Chief
Justice of the Supreme Court ofthe United
States, for the territory of New Mexico.—
It is well known that Grafton Baker in the
canvass of 1848 and 1849 contended on the
stump, that the lex loci of our Mexican ter
ritory would prevail despite the Constitu
tion, and we have no dout 1 his appoint
ment was made with that view ofthe ques
tion.”—Southern Argus.
This is the course pursued in regard to
the Territories, and we suppose that as
vacancies occur in the. Supreme Court of
the United States the appointments will be
made out of the Free-Soil ranks, until at
last, even the abolitionists will be willing
to leave to that tribunal the decision of all
questions touching Southern rights. When
the Supreme Court shall have come to
this complexion, the Southern man who
refuses to submit to its decision will be
branded as a traitor by the Northern press,
to which their Southern allies will say
amen!
SPEECH OF HON B. B BHETT
Delivered at Hibernian Hall, April 7,lßsl,
at a meeting of the Southern Rights Asso
nation. . , , , T
Fellow Citizens: I am indebted, I
presume, to the fact, that I am but lately
from the seat of Government, for the invi
tation I have received to address you t is
night, and for the warm reception with
which you have greeted me. Aou know
inv opinions, frankly expressed, on the
past state of our affairs. But you wish to
know whether I see anything in their pre
sent condition which has changed or modi
fied these opinions.
Gentlemen, I can teach you nothing,
and l presume you desire to hear nothing
of those wrongs which havearoused with
in you the determination to redress your
selves.- South Carolina, in her Legisla
ture, l ong since, declared that, with re
spect to them-the argument was exhaust
ed. She will no more reason with her
sister States concerning them; ana we, I
think, netd no more reason concerning
them amongst ourselves. Our understand
ings are sufficiently informed. All we
want is the will in the face of acknowledged
wrongs, to right ourselves. It is on this
point, and this only, the mode of redress
that I propose, in a very simple way to
submit to you a few brief considerations.
Your last Legislature looked to two ex
pedients for redress—secession from tbe
Union inco operath n with other Southern
States; and secession by South Carolina
alone. With the exception of 1< ss than a
half dozen members, all the members of
the legislature were disunionists. I hose
who were in favor ofd'sunion in concert
with other Southern States, limited tlieir
policy 10 the call ol a Southern Congress.
Those who despairing of the cooperation
of any oilier State, were in favor of seces
sion by South Carolina alone, supported
the caM of a State Convention. The latter
prevailed by u Inrge majority in the Sen
ate and theii bill was sent down to the
House calling a State Convention. It
there failed for want ol a few votes necessa
ry to give the two thirds majority, requir
ed by tlie Constitution to call a Convention
On the other hand, the Southern Congress
Bill failed also in the House where it
originated. As all aimed at thesatne end
it was soon agreed to pass both measures.
All desired a” Southern Congress tor re
dress, if it could be obtained. Time
would in a very few months settle its
practicability; whilst the < all ol a State
Convention would put it in the power of
South Carolina, in case her invitation for
a Southern Congress should be declined
by the other Southern States, togo out of
the Union alone. A bill embodying these
measures passed both branches of the
Legislature by an overwhelming majority
far more than the two thirds required
by the Constitution to summon the people
n Convention.
My friends, time, resistless time—the
great discloser of our destinies—the iron
instrument of Providence in working his
decrees, — bus settled at least one bianch
of this policy. Southern co-operation is at
n n tnd, Tbe Governor of your Stat**, in
obedience to your command, has s< nt to
every Southern Slate your invitation ‘o
meet you at Montgomery, in Alabama, to
confer (tithe wrings we have endured,
and the dangers u bid) environ the South
All are silent, save one; but that one lias
spoken for all. Virginia, whofirst coun
seled us by one Legislature, to resist the
Wilmot Proviso or any kindred measure,
at all hazards, and to tbe last extremity
Virginia, who, at a succeeding Legisla
ture, repeated .this counsel, and drew
after her the whole South in support —
now when tbe wrongs and outrages antici
pated have been actually peipttrated,
and the South with her institution of slave
ry, is excluded from every foot oi our Ter
ritories acquired iroiti Mexico—Virginia
succumbs. Nay, more—she not only sub
mits but brings herself forward to obtain
the submission of others. South Caroli
na ready to follow her first noble It ad
adopted her brave resolves, word for word.
There they stand on the Records of the
State. No sophistry can expunge them.
Dishonor, even, cannot obliterate them.
They live, ami must live forever, a bright
memorial of our r onsistency and firmness
in the vindication of our rights, or a foul
slain on our yet unblemished fame, and a
contemptible burlesque on the sovereignty
ofthe States. Virginia Dow leads the way
to submission. Excepting South Carolina.
Mi s ssippi alone seems capable of main
taining the first high counsels'of Virginia.
Her people certainly appear to be actuu
tedby a deep sense ofthe wrongs of the
South, and a resolute will to redress them.
But Mississippi is practically a land bound
state. She has no seaport suitable for
transatlantic commerce. The depth of
water tin her bar does not exceed 6 teet.
For this reason, if for no other she cannot
secede from the Union without her coter
minous States. Ts she secedes without
Louisiana or Alabama, receiving all her
supplies of foreign commerce hrough
them, she would still he in the Union, so
far as the taxes levied on her foreign com
merce by the General Government are
concerned. The citizens consuming the
goods imported from foreign nations,
would pay in their consumption, the tax
es levied on them in the ports of other
States. Mississipi i wooid thus be not
practically independent in that greatest
function of all Government, the greatest
test of liberty with our Anglo-Saxon race
—the imposition of taxes. She willthere
fore, not go out of the Union with us.
Co-operation with her in a measure of se
cession is out of the question, and proba
bly it is better for us that she should not
go out of the Union along with us. In the
Union she will have a certain influence on
the other Southern Slates, which we, out
of it would not possess. Our final object
is beyond single Stale secession: and we
will want States in,as well as out of the
Union to bring on that object to its ac
complishment. With the failure of Mis
sissippi to give us her co-operation ends
all S..uthern co-operation: no Southern
Congress will meet. Our sister Southern
States decline our solicitation to meet us
in counsel. They tell us plainly in de
clining our invitation, “VY r e will not or
cannot aid you; take care of your own des
tiny.” Surely if wenowmove on alone
to redress our common wrongs, no charge
of precipitancy, or of ambitious leadership
can, with any show of justice, he made
against us. We have done all which a
delicate regard to their position has requir
ed u< to do. We have iijipjor.eJ them to
co-operate with us. They will do neither;
alter pledging themselves to do both. Now
then, that we take our fate into our own
hands,are we not entitled to their sympa
thy—their hearty good wishes tor our suc
cess? For my part, if they will give us
these, it is all I woyid desire in the pres
ent state of things in the South. A South
ern Congress now, would be our ruin.
With Virginia, Maryland, Rentucky, Mis
souri, Tennessee-*~in such a Congress,
what would be its counsel? Submission;
submission for themselves, submission for
us; and should we in disgust retire trom
the Congress we ourselves had invoked or
cast theijr counsels under our feet—=-might
we not excite the resentment and aliena
tion of our sister Southern States compos
ing it? I rejoice therefore, that no South
ern Congress will meet; for no Southern
Congress can meet to redress the wrongs
of the South .Alone wje must move;-*-and
alone it is best for us to move, in the pres
ent condition of things. So fatal would be
the tendency of a Southern Congress that
I should not be at all surprised, if before
long on* is got up by the administration at
Washington, or is proposed to us by the
most thorough submission States. General
Jackson’s Cabinet it is now known, was,
the author of Mr Watkins Leigh’s mission
to South Carolina in 1833. The’
al held out nothing but the most defying
threats to us. as the administration now af
fects to do, whilst his secret fears were
displayed in his secret instigation of this
mission, to bring us to acquiescence in the
Tariff Compromise. Stranger things than
these may take place, if South Carolina se
cedes from the Union.
However matters may have stood form
erly, the only alternative now presented
to us, is submission, 01 secession by e uttl
Carolina alone. Now as we who have been
for secession by South Carolina alone,
heartily labored with our IricnUs who
were in favor of the co-0| eralion of our
Southern Stares, since their policy has
become impracticable, ought they not to
join with us in the last and only measure
of redress that is left? They may have m
doubts of its success, as we have had o
their policy; but, with their consciousness
of the wrongs of the South, and the gang
ers which environ us, ami their hign rt
(rat'd for the honor of our Stale, can they
counsel us to sub vission? Will they <>i.y
longer divide from us, and spread near
ness throughout our counsels? VV ill they
not rather join us, and make with us, one
brave and united efloit lor redress and in
dependence, by the secession of S uitli
Carolina alone from the Union 7 I hey
mut and will soon be with us, I hey can
not j dn the Union party, which is soon to j
arise in South Carolina j
Secession then —secession by South |
Carolina alone.-is to be our policy. Let us ,
look it fairly in the face, and try to esti-
mate its probable consequences. Probaoil- ;
ity is all which exists for as justly in the j
future. Certainty is in the past and pres, j
ent only.
In the first place, in seceding from the
Union, we would declare free-trade abso
lutely as it now exists, with all the Stales
South ol the Potomac and Ohio Rivers.
There would be no change whatever, so
far as our action is concerned, in the
relations wo now hold towards these States.
All their productions—cotton, wheat, tobac
co, live stock, will enter our State as heie
tofore, free of all charge or duty whatever.
With respect to the productions of the oth
er Slates now in the Union, and all foreign
nations, we would lay a small duty on im
portation, not exceeding ten per cent, ad
valorem, (seven per cent, was the first du
ty laid by our ancestors in putting the
present Government into operation, with a
heavy war debt to discharge.) Thirty
per cent, is the duty now exacted by the
General Government in all the ports of the
United Slates, on tbe chief articles of im
portation. Our duty often per cent, will
thus he twenty percent, less than the du
ty exacted in the ports of tue Union. The
effect must bo that goods in Charleston,
must be twenty per cent cheaper, than in
the ports of the United States. To the
agricultural interest of the State, no one
can doubt the benefit. Our planters and
farmers, and all other consumers in the
State, must be supplied with goods twenty
per cent cheaper than they have heretofore
obtained them. It is clear, therefore, that
to the great mass of the people of South
Carolina, secession, under such circum
stances must be advantageous. Property
of all kinds must be mote valuable, because
more profitable in South Carolina than
where the greater burdens exist. There
is but one interest which may be injuri
ously affected, and that is the mercantile
interest. Trade is very timid. It is lia
ble to panics; and when confidence is un
impaired it is not easy to change the cl an
nels of commerce, without some loss, al
though that change may be from less to
more profitable channels. Our merchants
will have to change then importations from
New York and Boston to Liverpool and
Havre, butthey will have their goods twen-
ty per cent, cheaper than in the ports of
the United States. The merchants in the
interior of our on n Siatt- will have no in
d icement to go to New Yoik, as they ivnv
do, to lay in their supplies. They will
make their purchases in Charleston. Here
is a certain demand on the commerce of
Charleston, which does not now e.cst.—
And out of our State, will not the mer
chants of other States, for the same cause,
pursue tin* same policy? So far as our im
portations from those Stales are concerned,
we would be exactly as we now are. The
only difference in our trade will be, that
our merchants will be able to offer to those
who send us their pri Auctions from other
States, their supplies twenty per. cent
cheaper than heretofore. Will this inter
rupt their trade? Ttie Northern manufac
turers and producers, for whose benefit the
high discriminating duties in the present
Tarifl of the United States are laid, will
certainly object to such a trade. They
will be clamorous to enforce out of the peo
ple of Georgia and North Carolina, and the
! other Southern States, the collection of the
| thi ity per cent duty, they have laid by the
General G ivernmeut on every Southern
consumer for their benefit. They now
control the General Government, and I
suppose will endeavor, by their Custom
house officers, to prevent the people of oth.
er State.-, from buying from us. But al!
such efforts will fail, unless human nature
shall be marvellously changed by oi>r se
cession. Ir, the opinion of a vast majority
of the people ol the Southern States, the
present Tariff, in principle, is utterly un
constitutional. It is only an expedient, by
which tribute is exacted from the South
by the North. But independently of this
Hamburg lies opposite to Purys
burg is not far from Savannah; whilst we
have a common right to navigate the Sa
vannah and Pee Dee rivers, from their
borders to their fftftuths. Our trade with
North Carolina is chiefly carried on by
wagons. How long will custom house of
ficers on our North Carolina frontier, con
tinue to seize the wagons of the North Ca
rolina farmers and wagoners, on their re
turn from S Mith Carolina with their usual
supplies? How long will the people of
Georgia submit to a standing army of tax
collectors on their .side of the Savannah
River, spying, seizing, fighting them, to
enforce the collection of duties their aboli
tion brethren of the North have Lid upon
them? We will have nothing to do with
spying or fighting. On our side of the riv
er we will have ease and peace. No con
troversy with the people ofGGeorgia-^-u,, u ,
controversy with the General Goyernmeni
or its officers. We have goods to sell twen
ty per cent. cheaper than they can be ob
tained m New York, or ip anv port in the
Union—that is all. We will qeithey force
other people to buy them, nor enter other
Stab s to sell them. The trade, if it exists,
will be at the option of those whothink pro-
per to come to us and buy our goods. Re
lations of entire ami.y, and of mutual ben
efit, not of hostility or injury, will thus ex
ist between us and the Southern States. I
am inclined to think the trade of our mer
chants, under such circumstances, will not
become cjuite extinguished. I am inclined
to think that the same state of thirms which
now exists on our Canada frontier, under
the skilful address of our Yankee friends
will also prevail along the frontiers of S*
Carolina. Twenty per cent will not stop
goods on an imaginary frontier. It o-j Ves
immense activity to bales and b >xes as
well as to men’s wits. It will na destroy
our merchants. It will make our tra.'e
p.etty nearly as free in goingoutas in en
tering our State, This is certainly the*
opinion of the merchants in our Northern
cities. They theiefore look upon the se
cession of South Carolina from the Union
w.th alarm and terror, anticipating the loss
of the whole import trade, which is occa
sioned by Southern productions. It will
come to us, they say. I think they are
right, for however fallacious their judo-,
ments may be on other subjects, in mat ers !
of money they are as near infiftlibiKty as i
human beings can be. We must gam what
they lose; and our commerce will prosper !
beyond every other interest in the State 1
Charleston. the emporium of this com
merce, must especially rise in prosperity.
Every householder, every mechanic, every
laborer, will feel the impulse which new
demands for labor and capital must p ro .
duce; whilst we will demonst ate to the
wot Id what liberty and just government
can do for a people.
“All this seems very fair and clear, [
think I hear an old merchant say, “but
what of that bb ckade? If enforci and ag , mst
us we will not be able to buy, much less
to sell.” I answer: “The blockade is a
humbug, ft would probably be better for
us, if it"shou!d turn out a reality ; but as
things are, i am compelled to say, from a
re crav'd to truth, that 1 believe it to be an
unmitigated hu obug. Blockade is war.
If we secede from th; Union, we will se
cede during the sitting of the next Con
gress. Congress alone can declare war.—,
Congress must vote the supplies, and au
thoiTze the use of the army and navy
against us. One ol two alternatives Coq,
tTrt , ss must choose; let us go peaceably out
of the Union, or tight us. I believe every
body gives us tbe very common credit of
not being very great laggards at fighting.
If war is made upon us we will tight.
On land or sea, we will fight; and if any
one supposes that war in any form can be
made on South Carolina without fighting,
he is not woith reasoning with. Where
: there is a will, there is a way, in war as
in other things. We will fight—fight long;
and if necessary, I trust, we will fight ev,
j erlastingly, in defence of the sovereignty of
I our State, and of our dearest rights, liber.
! t,es and institutions. What can the North
ern people gain in such a contest, but in
evitable defeat and disaster? Give them
I all they can possibly expect to accomplish.
Suppose that they are not embroiled with
j other nations, for lawlessly interrupting a
| commerce as much theirs as ours and that
| we are at iast vanquished and subdued
I wi'l that preserve the Union? They may
I have a province held in subjection by mij
j itary force, but can they make us, against
‘ our will, a State of the Union? Can they
I force us to elect Senators or Representatives
ito Congress? By our secession, the Union
is dissolved, and will stand dissolved by
our mere non-action. But if this policy
of coercion is pursued, will disunion,
be limited to South Carolina alone?—
Does any man believe, thai the General
Government can carry on a war against a
Southern State, for exercising her right of
seceding from the Union, ir. defence of hep
I liberties and institutions, arid that no other
| Southern State will join her in the contest?
The right ol secession is the right of all,
Surrender it, and the States are no longor
j sovereignties. They are not parties to the
j Constitutional Compact; but mere provin
ces of one vast Consolidated Empire, un
der the absolute sway of the free States in
the North, through the majority in Con
gress.
The Southern States will have no def
ence, either in the Union, or out of the Un
ion, to stay the strong hand of usurpation
and abolition, growing stronger every day;
and it they suffer South Carolina to be sub
jugated by the sword, her doom must soon
| be theirs, with the increased Ferocity they
j will have inspired in our successful foes.
I do not consider it to be a matter of doubt,
that if the free States use the General Gov
eminent to make war on South Carolina,
and she fights as becomes her ancient re
nown—a Southern Confederacy is as sure
Income as the succeeding year. The
Northern people, as well as the General
Government, know that this will be the re
s lit as well us we do; anil therefore I have
I no expectation that any bill will ever pass
I Congress to coerce South Carolina Irom
going out ol the Union. No such bill, l
l am satisfied, could have passed the last
” Senate of the U. States. \Y ill Rhode Is-
land, the last State to enter the Union, or
Delaware,consent to be disrobed f theip
sovereignty? What are they in the Un
lon without it, but aristocratic funguses
on the body politic, to be cut off in the Ser
nate by the equalizing sword ol Democracy,
Coui l the Northwestern Democrats, win
so lately maintained that the right .of sell-,
government -as so sacred in a people ‘that
the emigrants in California had a right to
set up a government for themselves
throughout that while magnificent legion,
although owning not a foot of the soil,deny
to the people ol South Carolina the right
they thus accorded to the people ofCalifor-:
nia, and force on them a G ve/mnent they
have repudiated? Could 1 lie Northeast
ern Democrats’ resting on the limitations
of the Constitution, as their grea l leader
(Mr. has so long and so faith
fully done, find any warrant in the Con
stitution to coerce a State? How many
Senators from the South are prepared tq
try* the strength of the General Gov
ernment in coercing a Southern State to
remain in the Union? There may be two,
and you wi l ! not find it difficult to name
them. My friends, l am satisfied that if
South Carolina thinks proper to go out of
the Union, she will go without a single hos
tile gun being fired, or a single tombstone
being erected to tell a tale of martyrdom.
On expressing such conviction to a dis
tinguishd officer of our State, immediately
on my return from Washington, he ex
claimed—“No fighting, well, that is the
worst news I have heard lor a long time!
How, in the name ot heaven, are we to
get the Southern Confederacy?” I an
swered—“By just Government and a
superior liberty.” No You will have no
fighting, and l rejoice that the responsibility
is not with us, whether w shall have it or
not. We will have no fighting, not be
cause you are loved, nor from any prin
ciple, which restrains from shedding your
blood. \ou are hated, no doubt, quite
enough to bring on you, any calamity
which unscrupulous power, avarice or
fanaticism can inflict. But there is policy iq
power. 1 here is policy in avarice. There
is policy in fanaticism and all these perceive
that to attempt to coerce South Carolina in
any way, is to secure their own defeat,
and our speedy deliverance from thbir de
grading thraldom. They acquiesce only
in the necessity of things.
I hat this is the policy determined now
in Congress, may perhaps be strongly in
ferred trorp tvyo tacts, —the army bill, pro
posing a considerable increase of the army,
and ttie fortification bffl ? both sassed in the
House ot Representatives at the close ot
the last session by large majorities. The
election in South Carolina toiler Conven
tion, had then distinctly indicated her fu
ture coqrse.
But I have hcar4 it said, —the General
xovemment will not blockade us entirely,
ihey will oflly have a floating custuni
house in their ships of war off our coast,
01 exact the duties under the cannon of
the torts in our haroor. I wish to meet all
objections.
By tins scheme of interfering with our
commerce, it is not, in the first place,easy
to perceive, how du ies can be collected
°u- a w^L ole ca >'go in bulk in the hold of a
ship. lo collect the duties, the ship must
be unloaded the goods be seen, to be ap
praised ; or seized if falsely invoiced, or
not entered at all, to evade the duties. All
ot our Custom House laws to prevent
smuggling, and the evasion of duties, are
based on the impossibility of collecting
duties on goods in bulk in the hold of a
ship. If it is the established law, that pa
pers without ?the inspection of goods, ora
captain s statement what his ship contains,
are to be theonly proot of importations into
and the only criterion of ihe
duties to be collected, the collection of
duties will soon become a farce. Charles
ton will practically be a free port. Even
len per cent, duties will hardly be levied
.on our Imports. But the true answer to
this mode of interfering with our commerce
is, that it will be war. In seceding from
Cnion, South Corolina will exercise a
nght, which she, at least, deems unques
tionable, When she has dissolved her
union with her she puts an end
to her co-partnership with them—she puts
an end to their common agent, the Gener
al Government so far as she is concerned.
8o long as the Union between them
; asts, their common agent, with her con-