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IjgE WESKLY TIME - onN7^ir=^ ,T ° B . ’ , .„5.-ViH. R. ELLIS k CO., j j{ oPHIETORS. r^yriMliiris published every Tuesday , g-yie |*' r annum, iu advance, or Three | M,in" n^ e *| of tho year. Ooiiar-^^i. WEEKLY TIMES, *** rv WEDNESDAY and FRIDAY Morn- AY‘ Evening*. ♦ , ® cc on tl>e West lm(s a ol ’ rjsSjgeet, nearly opposite Winter’s Exchange - T K It M S „. r nomim in advance, or Six Dollars I'ivt D cjf So paper will he discontinued .it “‘.ariigeaaredue, unless at the option ol’ the jJjjJSdlSfc ts constacuonlsly inserted at One Dol p W* Tl - , for the first insertion, and Fifty Cksts iv continual .. ‘o-ri a"'*!'? Polices exceeding one square or eleven iTSKU* “ a,l'erUieinc:,u -line* . BETIMES JOB PRINTING OFFICE, . ntisii of.Job Work, either Plain, in Col- Efef rdc< rl l tly and promptly executed, such as • BOf ’ Pamphlets, Cards, Visiting Cards, iisli e * , Notes, 8 11 l Bills of Lading, sssw** ass's*., P° ?r - k e, Di-ny Receipts, Ac. ~al hatins been lately furnished with a largo TW<, e'VTvpc. comprising some of the 11104 elegant , re 'iirc|iare<l to execute all kind? of Job dfliJ"’ * e ,i'vlc not 10 ho excelled. IVorl in 3 - :.i ar !v invite the attention of our merenants “ e f*ho h ' ve heretofore ordered their work from ,®iP? .. our Msciintn* y,eit* 11 "... jrcnxedc the lowed, possible rates. Or iW(ifn “'(• friends will be ptoinptiy attended ,!*, trull uUrw v. . t p o rms of every description, kept on hand Blank ,„i for ls - ‘ * —_ lands for sale. H, CISC purchased all the I .a- ‘ of the Company i'Vmiwtlie Brunswick ov ChaitshcMHjhee (mud * n * > I will sell privately until the aecond inesdav (vmpahj-. or „n that day by public sale . t ci, a (| j i” <*®*L f,Hlowing.described I .ots: K z.v n.wsuo, coujvrr, ... I,mt° ill fractional Section 32, containing 2f>fU/ 1,0 -q \ and W. Hos S. K. V of Section 33; S. ofV. K- Ko’ Section 33, T. 4, R. 0. N. and 1“ I 1 -of a SecCTon, in fractional Section i y VV. V U( i >'■ K - * of Sectiou 4 ’ alld N - w - Xof Sec ,iio* T. 3,1-®; 7 i(ffr sT)X rn V.X'T y, .. e V and K. H of X. W. if of Section 30; FI. J* r” u „,d S. W. >f of S. K. M of Section 25. T. 4, - \” kW. hots 2. 3, 4 and 5, of fractional Sec 11 ‘in'end Lots, being tiic N. %of fractional Section 31, to :7> B _g and \V.—containing riTI % acres. ,fT ’ /,v iiKc.iTuii co r.vrr, gf.o „ . No ipfanil 420.215 t District, containing 50(1 acres. cit-Tliere is a small reservation in Gadsden county, u(of tliis hand is very fertile, and well adapted to .klriilture nf Tobacco, Cotton and Corn. To any |>erson “ hiiurtlie whole of the Land in either County, I would , 'il, bargain. It is situated on the River near Cliatta {* ol which place a map of the I.amts can be seen, canbe addressed until the first of August, after “itch time at Outumbu*, Georgia. The titles are Imlis i-ua.hooctice. July 22. w3m J( IHN C. RCSE. fire PROOF COTTON WAREHOUSE COLUMBUS , G.l. RIiSE, PATTEN A 1 RICE -IITE renew the tender Os our nerv.r,* ,0 oui .riends VV turf the Planters and Merchants generally, for tlie Flora;’ and sale of their Cotton during the ensuing OTi:i, and trust that our previous efforts to give satis hrtiotg will ensure to us a continuance of their patrnn ,<f uur ur ivideil attention will be given to this business in ,11 its departments, pledging our best endeavors to pinole the interest of those who may entrust their Culton to ua. We will with pleasure, furnish our customers with UGItI.VO and ROVF., at the market price, and will mrtire sor 1 them any other articles they may require, in the Lowest Teems at which they can tic bought lu re. We srv also prepared to advance liberally to Planters n their l otion stored with us. or on consignments to our wrrntioudtntt at the North or in Kmrope. RITSK, PATTEN t URIC,., olumho*. August 1(5. 1851. w.ttwtt SSO Reward. STni.KN from my plantation near Goodman’s Cross llo.nK in Harris county, on the 2d instant, a DARK BIV HOUSE, about ten years old, with a little white in Die frog ot .■ hind foot. I have reasons to think, from informsU's. derived from others, that a young man about tfiif.irt of age, with fair skin and light hair, by the name f IViutiX A. Pus pep., is the individual who took said bone. I wilt givo fifty Dollars for the recovery of said liorse end the eonvictio’n of the thief; and for Hie recovery of foe horn* alone I will give a liberal reward. AARON GOODMAN. Humillon, Soph 25, 1851. GEORGIA MILITARY INSTITUTE MARIETTA, GA. rpillS Institution will be open for the admission of 1 CAPETS, on .Monday the 7th of Ji i.v, 1851. Tho Institution is owned by Stockholders, and is under therimtml of a Hoard of Trustees. The faculty elected consists of Maj. A. V. brumby, teu James H\ Armstrong, Maj. D. It. HIM and Thomas Fiewarttvon. M. D. The Superintendent, Maj. Brumby, is a graduate of West Point. He comes to us with the host recommenda tion, from the Academic Staff of that Institution; and, ,Uo. from the faculty of the Universitv of Alabama, shtre he taught Mathematics and Civil Engineering |*ev ml iut. tlen. Armstrong and Maj. Hill me also grad- ; site, of West Point, and are exiierieuced teachers, j The taller is at this time Professor of Mathematics in j Wniliinjlon College, Va. The course of instruction, regulations and discipline of lh(U. 8. Military Academy, so far as they are applica ble to , Stale Institution, have been adopted, and will beuuhlisliedln pamphlet form. The Institution is organized upon the usual plan of foin Collegiate Classes, tty reference to the following hVMipq.SuF BTCDIEB, Parents and Guardians can, el once, ece s hat are the requirements for joining either clue. FOURTH rI.ASS. Arithmetic, Algebra, Geometry, English Grammar, Gvography, Composition and Declamation. French THIRD CLASS. Triganomolrv, Mensuration, Surveying, Descriptive Geometry and its applications, Analytical Geometry, Trench, Drawing, Composition, Rhetoric, History. SECOND CLASS. hilTereminl and Integral Calculus, Natural and Kxjieri ■entalPhilosophy, Astronomy,Chemistry, Drawing, Ev- Weneet 0 tt'hrislianily, .Moral and Mental Philosophy. FIRST CLASS. tstural History, Mineralogy, Geology and Physiology, Mitiuj Economy, Law of Nations, Civil and Military Engineering, and Civil Architecture, Infantry Tactics, rciencr AiidPractice of Artillery. No Cadet will Im* admitted who is less than fourteen or more than twenty-five years of age ; or who is afflict •Jwith ay disease or infirmity which would rende ’ weiu unlit for military duty. The Cadets wilt lie occupied shout one hour and a tulf each day iu military exercise's; but at suck times u *st tolntrrfrre with thir rewiUar studies. UNIFORM, FURNITC KF, JkC. The Pnjform consists ot a light gray cloth coatee, trim- OR'd with gilt convex buttons amt black Corel —white rot, amt white Russian drilling pantaloons, without trimmings—hVsuuinier. for winter, gray cloth vest and pwttalootis. trimmed to suillthe coal —black stock, white glovesguei white he—Monroe shoes and a Forage cap. .Va alter dress mil be worn ; nor will Ctidrls be nl lovut to keep other elnthi/f in their rooms. Each Cadet from • iistniKv.nmst provide him self with a mattress *•>>l bedding lor a ingle bed, matt res cover and bed •Jnp—one trunk, one clo'i'cs beg amt six towels. Each Cadet will unite with his 1 won-mates in pwchas lag. for their common use, one pine table, one looking flaas, one wasii pan,one pail and ore. broom. Iu view ofihe following regulath ns, parents and guar siatis sending their sons and wards to this Institution, arc adrise-to deposit with the Superintendent, or with some ►’me friend in Marietta, a sum of money sufficient to purchase the above trticles, and to cover ail neecssarv ex penaej f(, r OIM . . >r the Superintendent should bo authorized, iu writing , to How Hie Cadet to make an ac fg unt for a spscifird sum. The regulation referred to is “follows, viz: Every Cadet shall jeep a small blank •“*< ill which shall* be charged every .rtiole he may purchase. This book shall be turned over totl.e Super “tendeni for his inspection at the end of every month. Aar Cadet wlm shall contract a debt without pertuis ►ouof the Buperinlendunt, or be ‘ rnished with any nr •kle whatever, by any storekeejier or other i>erson, with *ut uch permission, or whose parent or guardian shall P*. f tvdebt contracted by him during his connection with the institute, aud in violation of this regulation, “**H be dismissed. _ .. TERM?. Tuition, Board, Washing, Fuel, fghln. Field Muale, w other contingent expenses* [per *xjeß*n of live sioo oo Tuition [for resident Cadets,] per Session, 25 oo new .Music and other contingents, * 2 00 Any Cadet entering the Institute after the commence ment of a session, will be charged in proportion to the rates. These ckargrrs must be paid in *ailrance for expenses exeept the fee for tuition. Every Cadet paving the Institute before the expiration of the peri -04 for which he has made an advance, shall receive the ****£J*ded luilnncc. -.MI Hie Editor of any newspaper in Georgia. South Volina, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi or Tennessee, by this advertisement in bis paper, and sending a *®Py regularly to the ‘•Georgia Military Institute,” shall tat tuition for one Cadet, or his and est at the 7* twenty-live dollars per session, payable io tui and in favor of any Cadet, will be accepted. , DAVID IRWIN, jQ ne s,lßSl.—jylß] Pres't Board Trustee TWENTY dollaars reward TANARUS) AXau a\ from the sutacriber?, the .VtJuly, iust.ni j* l n NKi:i;o MF\. Ccor'^i-. abnu CO vettr* ‘rid r0 " 1 ’ , ‘’“ xu ’ n * weighs atxnn 140 (Si mds about 5 feet to South C.nrolina. —He was “I'm from .Mr. Austin, <a jieeulHtor.l ill March last 0 is 20 years old. dark complected, weighs about 140 gnhiir high, close built. Both went off to- above reward will be paid to any one who will U_ g r M 'd negroes to us, or lodge them in any jail in elate, and give us information thereof—or Ten Dol for either. ddress to Bald HiU Post Oftle, Muscogee countv, Ga. WILLIAM L. CLARK, JOSEPH KING. H . LEATHER. hMMfiand sole I-eathe*-, top leather, . patent leather. Hist Skins Sheen Skins Morocco look-binders’ Skins Cal kins and all kinds of I s-ath ror ““e at juneSO W ADE & CO.’S, East side Broad sh. Sign of Goldeu Mortar. PGin Banda and Machinery Belting. , *’ rr^( u ‘d Beltinir, besl quality, from one to four >. “y* l mches wide -.Rubber Beltiue, from one to four inches wide: Yttlcaniml lb,btK-r Hacking, from to six-eighths thick; for’ sale low for cash or N'prorericredit, ‘WADE & CO’S, Last aide Broad st. Sign of Golden Saddle ROCK ISLAND FACTORY, l iW? , n .' ullu, 'actnring Writing Paper of all the va and , )T M i ch / I '*sUer,Fx.is-cap, Flm-cap,Fo!io IVmvs * ,ncrclal Post, (ruled and unruled,) Mediums per PoAm Ai N’ Newa-w-int, Book and Colored Pa- P-r’onut N >' ws Eayetopes and Wrapping Ps able terms ss^-’j 1 ! 1 ° f wl,icli will sold on as favor- Orri™ ? as cm * Ik ’ purchased in any market, too r, t s Umsabov e kinds < f Paper, addressed w ri!> in- .mm’ ‘ <Trwwi > r ‘ r ) or the undersigned, wili meet ■'"POmpt attention. G. B. CURTIS 58c’y. VOLUME XI. | TO RENT, A comfortable house with four rooms. The situation is -* A. near tlie business part of the city. Applvto octll—lt IIAI.I, fc MOSES. • ROSE HILL FOR SALE. M~j, H!T1 ’ ATF.tI on an eminence ttiree fourths of a ntile from the city, and containing thirty acres, adioining lands of Win. A. Redd. Jas. R. and John A. Jones, with comfortable improve ments. Applv to B. BEASLEY. Columbus, Oct 14—w4t; For Sale. CHOCOLATE Rend Lands, on Chatahochee River near Eufaula, and fi or 700 acres rich bottom lands, on South Cowikue near Spring lliil, Barbour com ty. Al ba ina.—For terms apply to C. BATTLE. Oct.7 —wtf. PANTALOONS. Bl‘ ACK and fancy English, French and American Doe Skins: fancy plaid, English, French, Scotch and American Cassi meres; black, drab d’ete and queen’s Cloth: black and fancy mohairnnd Cohn nr Cord; mixed Tweeds, of many colors; white and fancy Drills; planters’ Linens: Canvas Duck; striped Linens, and a good variety ot plain and fancy Cottouade. at aprilg—wtf WILLIFORD & DANIEL’S. TEACHEK WANTED. frMI E patrons of tlie -(fate School at Hamilton, Harris L county, are desirous of employing a Teacher to take charge of tlie Male Academy it tliis place for the ensuing year. They wnnl a man i|i idi led to teach all the branch es usually taught in Acadi n:ie-. None need apply un less they come well rec.oinim nded. Tlie school at this place lias been worth at letiat two thousand dollars per year for the last ttiree years. And tlie present Instructor retires from it only in consequence of ill health. Any person wishing tlie situation will, make it known by addressing the undersigned committee within three w eeks from this date. JOtf.X’ MURPHY, I J.-tS B. Jf F..XT) F.RSOjY. n.iFin 11 u 1 a. thos. .i. tvll.l.r.ims, -V. //. B.nn DF..V, I PUT HR F. BRUIT A". Hamilton, Ca., Oct. 12—w3t. BOOTS AND SHOES *>" I have now oh hand, and shall com J tiime to receive throughout the sea- JCrss son, a good assortment of tlie difler tme-O cut qualities and styles of gentlemen’s. Icßs, boys’, youths’ and children’s B< HITS and SHOES. Also, I-allies’ and Misses’ GAITERS, BOOTS, SHOES, SUPPERS, BOOTEES. &c., &c. A goml lot of RUSSETS, and oth er heavy SH JKS. Call and v. tv. W. RO R LYSO.V, Bruudslreet, Columbus Ga. sept3w Atwf SOUTH CAROLINA RAILROAD. PASSENGER TRAIN’S. FIItST, Oil ACCOMMODATION TRAIN. I EAVES CHARLESTON daily at 8 A. M., and ar- J rives at Hamburg at 3!< P. M. Leaves Hamburg daily attj a M„ and arrive at Charles ton at \% P. M. This train takes up and sets <1 wn alt way passengers. SECOND, OR KXPRIiS TRAIN. Hamburg at 5 P. M. Leaves Hamburg at 10 A. M., snd arrive at Charleston at ‘.1% V. M. This train takes through Passengers only, oml nlwoys arrives in full time to connect with ttie evening train of the Georgia Rail Road, at Augusta, going West, and w ith the Wilmington Boats, and with the New Turk and Philadelphia line of bMenmors going East. FREIGHT TRAIN?. FIRST, OR RttlllLAß TRAIN. Leave Charleston daily at 5 A. M., arrive at Ham burg before It A. M. liex't day, and as many trains leave cverv morning as may be necessary to take off all tlie Goods received before 6 o’clock tlie evening belore, and on their arrival at Hamburg, are immediately discharged ami sent over to the Georgia Railroad. Second, or Express freight and night passenger train Leave Charleston 5 p. m., and arrive at Hamburg, at 7 a. m., next morning. Isvave Hamburg at 6 p. m., and arrive at Charleston at 7 a. 111. Tliis train will take light and valuable Goods only, sat boxes and bales Dry Goods. Hats, Shoes, Saddlery, Glass, Drugs, Ate. Ac., which will be sent over immedi ately on arrival to the Georgia Rail Rond Depot, at Au gusta, and from thence will be despatch -d by the day or night mail trains, or by extra express o!’ the Georgia Rail Rond, to their points of destination. In addition to the above, Messrs. Combs & Chamberlin have nindoitrrange nieiits to express light Coodson tlieir, own account. by the Passenger Train. Tariff of Rates. I depot ’ FRKIOIIT TIIK SAME BY BOTH TRAINS- , Aligns Sav from Charleston to Hnm-iincldg oil First Class—Consisting f— burg. & drivntre Boxes Hats, Bonnets and Furniture, .at Bridge) per cubic foot Bct., 10 Second Class. — Boxes and bales Dry Goods, Shoes, 1 Saddlerv, Glass, Drugs, bic. &c.. per lOt) lbs 45 80 Third Class — Bagging, Rope, Butter, Cheese.“o bacco, l.eatlier. Feathers, Loaf and Crushed Sugar, Hides, Cotton Yarns and Domestics, Down, Tire, Bar and Sheet Iron, Window Glass. Paints, Oil, Crockery, and Glassware, (in crates or casks) castings, Hardware, Hollow-ware. Lard, Tallow, Bees wax. b:iW*s of Hails (*iiifin£. Mill (ioarinc. Bacon, &c. &c 20 26 PornTii Class. — Sucrar, CV>fTt*e, Rice, Pier >■<* aial Crind Stones. Nails, Bacon in boxes and casks D SDKeiric Articles— Salt in sacks ~ Flour, Idils . _ J o Corn, Wheat, ()als, Rye, Peas, &c.. | < Pities and hlids. I .iipior 3 ™ Quarter Casks anil V\ et Barrels,.... <-> 1 ™ Dry Barrels. &c. &c 50 All goods consigned to the agent of the South faro nu Railroad Company-, Charleston, accompanied with Bill of La,ling, or a,lcier, will la- received and torw-ard e<l free of cotnitiission, ltit without such hill of or advice, tlie Coinpain will not lie responsible. For the rules and regulations of the Company generally seo tlie Tariff of Rates printed on cards. H J. 1). PETSII Sup t. Trans t. Charleston, July 20,1851. a ah" 1 u h" 1 GEORGIA & ALABAMA ALMANAC FOR 185^. rpHK undersigned are now imblishing, and will soon be 1 ready to till all orders tor the OF.oHGI.i & .7 J..1 8.1M.1 .ILM.LX.IC fOR IM-, Calcuiatctl for tlie meridian and horizon of Columbus, Ga containing, in addition to tlie Astronomical calcula tions. extensive Executive. Judicial mid Legislative Sts tisties of the Government of the I T nited States ; the Mate Governments of Georgia anil Alabama; the Censusi of 1850. giving the population of each State and ot each Countv in Georgia and Alabama, besides a large amount Os other valuable information such .as is usually contain ed in Almanacs. The whole nrrnnjred, and the Astro nomical Calculations, after the style ot ORIIsU o .^y.- () r ders are respectfully solicite<l from Booksejlc and Merchants, especially from West Georgia ad r.a Alabama, anand they augl4lf. ‘ Columbus Ga. CAUTION. THE Columbus Ire House having been entered at night and robbed of the money drawer eoniHitimg aconsiderable number of Ice Tickets: the P>'“ “ * ioned against trading for the same. The present issue will be cancelled, lixm fiJr holders of ticke.s arc know n, and thev will please present them for redemption at the street, , C H.IFFI.Y, .^rat. INSTRUCTION IN MUSIC. THE undersigned respectfully informs his former friends and pupils, and the public generally. has returned to this city, where lie preposes lm rt U* himself lo his profession ns a Teacher ol Music. no w prepared to take a limited number of pupils >n The Piono Forte and in Vocal Music, to whom his regular and undivided attention will be given. _ fj?” Orders left at the Music Store of C. Keps fc C. ~ will receive prompt attention. fUKKi? april23—W&twtf Rt SSF.I. E. HAKKIS Drags and Medicines. rpHF. subscribers l>eg leave respectfully to call the I attention of Pltvsicians and Planters to theirfea# spring u, plv orMll-ECT MEDICINE?, all rfW wit en are :'resh and of the purest quality, such as have been purchased on the lowest terms, and we will furnish them at reasonable and satisfactory P™***. ISIIINTRY PHYSICIANS will have their orders filled with hTu-st Medicines premp.h-which will be pul up lieatly, and securely packed. Such Chemicals will * • “'juuTwif Druggists and Chemist*. female academy. The Exercises in the Columbus under the direction of Mr. and Mrs. CHAI’MA. , will l>e resumed Wednesday, Ootolier Ist. Ti tTtos ran year or 40 weeks. Primary Class, • • Senior do epto SHERIFF'S SALE. ITTII.I* be sold before the Court House door in Blake v\ ly. Early county, between the usual hours o^sa on the first Tuesday in November, lot of Hand No, . tthirty) in the 26th District of said County, levied on a* he prop ertv of John R. Anderson, sold to satisfy aft-la mmli'.l dwin gujierior Court, in favor of Georg* Crawford, Governor, vs. John R. .Anderson et al- prj sept si ‘ NOTICE. MwARD CO VXTr.RM.WBRT). The undersigned hereby countermand the Reward o ii< HiF.KT BALDWIN. Dover, Russell co„ AUu, Sept. Jim, ldit,-U’ From the Alabama Journal. Montgomery and Mobile Railroad. The extension of the long line of Rttilroad -which, commencing in Canada now ter minates upon the Alabama river—from Mont gomeryto the seaboard, is inevitable. The gieat interest at stake and the public neces sity which demanded it are so urgent, vve may look upon its accomplishment as an im mediate sequence to the completion of the few gaps remaining in the eastern line, end as determined and as certain as that another crop of cotton will be made in 1852. The question is not, will the work pay as an issolated undertaking, but to what ex tent will it render more remunerative the 25 000,000 of capital invested in the 1200 miles of railroad now occupying nearly tlie ettiire distance between the city of .Tew York and Montgomery Alabama. VV bile the facilities of inland transporta tion, by means of railroads, have been won derfully extended, not less extraordinary is the result in the, annihilation of space effect ed in the last few years by the application of steam to marine navigation. After near 20 years of steady advancement in railroad en terprise, we have reduced the time of mail and passenger communication between New V ork and New Orleans to seven and a half days: and yet we find within the last few months, that Ocean Steamers are making the distance between the same points in 6 days and 22 hours? It is evident then, that to place the locomotive ahead in the race, we must track the whole route. From the tide water of the Mo bile Bay to Montgomery will be front 150 to 160 miles—thence to N. York via West Point, Atlanta, Augusta, BranehviUe, Manchester, Wilmington &e., the distance will he 1,200 miles, nearly—ma king about 1,360 miles of railroad, with the exception of a short break at the Potomac. Adding for the distance between the termina tion of the railroad at the waters of Mobile Bay at New Orleans, 170 miles and we have 1,530 miles as the entire distance—which bv means of a railroad forty miles m length, from Mobile to Pascagoula, could he reduced .to less than 1.500 miles. Allowing steam boat communication, however, from New Or leans, we will reach the end of the railroad say in thirteen hours, thence to Montgomery seven hours; and thence to New York at 20 miles per hour, 60 hours—total time three days and a quarter, or 80 hours. I have no doubt that in less time than ten years: we shall see the great mail carried from New York to Mobile in 48 hours. This would he an average of less than 30 miles per hour, while the speed on some of the Northern roads exceeds this, and upon the great lines in England is nearly 40 miles an hour. It must he considered that the grades and curvatures upon this great coast-line of j railroads are eminently favorable to high velocities, and that these are constantly ren dered more attainable by the. substitution of an improved and heavy rail pattern and by the perfection of machinery and manage ment. The East Tennessee and Virginia route, although it will he geographically shorter than the present Atlantic and sea board route, yet, in the impediments which its grades and curvatures may offer to rapid locomotion, it may very probably not he able to compete: in point of time, with the present line, which will also have the advantage of connecting the capitals and principal com mercial cities of nearly all the States through which it passes. Running as it does also through all the great parent States of the South-west, there is a local intercourse between the now and old Statcsof the South sustained and accom modated by this great line of railway, which while indispensable to the public, is at the same time an element of profit to the stock holders, which never can he diverted from this route. *To say nothing of the social .and political considerations which give a necesity for the perpetuation and maintainance of this me* tropolitan highway through the heart of the great cotton growing region of the world, it is very evident that, so far as inland inter course between the North and the South is concerned, this route, when perfected, must always remain the groat highway of commer cial travel and mail transportation. I have said that circumstances would force the const.ruction'"of this road, regardless of the ability of this part of the great line to yield a profitable return to the stockholders? Yet I think it can he demonstrated that no part of this chain of road, from the Gulf of Mexi co to the Northern Atlantic, offers a greater certainty of remunerative return upon the capital stock. The results of the railroad enterprise of Georgia and So. Carolina afford data from which we can readily satisfy our selves of the correctness of the conclusion. The reports of the engineers and directors of those works in 1850 exhibit the following statement—first as to cost: South Carolina Railroad and Branches, 240 miles, at $28,785 per mile $ >,908,366 Central Railroad of Georgia, 191 miles at $17,055 per mile 2 256,866 Augusta and Atlanta or Georgia Railroad and Crunches, 213 miles, at $17,802 per mine 3,804,701 Macon and Western Railroad, 101 miles, cost the present proprie tors §7.214 per mine 736.661 Total, 745 miles, at $18,39S 11 per rn.513,706,594 This presents a reliable average for the con struction and equipment of Southern Rail roads of substantial character, for although the cost of the Macon and Western Road to tlie original proprietors is not represented, yet the unnecessary expense encountered in grading thejjColntnbia branch or the tJoinh Carolina Road, for a double track, &.c.. will almost balance this omission. It is only about 30 per cent of the average cost of North ern Railroads. And here let me remark in passing, that itis folly to suppose that we can build and equip, upon any important route a railroad adequate to the vast business of transportation in a country of much extent and population for an amount materially less than this average. Although iron may he had at less cost than formerly, yet the necessity which experience has demonstrated, of using a heavier rail, and the fact that the foregoing estimate docs not embrace that entire outlay necessary to per fect a number one track, and also that most of those roads were lmilt when labor and provisions were much lower than at present are considerations which more than counter balance the reduced cost of iron. It is because I have long been convinced that cheap railroads, such as Wl first, built in this country, are entirely inefficient and worthless except as a mere foundation for improvement, I have advocated the construc tion of plank-roads for domestic transporta tion, as preferable to these costly railroads, except tifKin great highways of travel and onimerckil intercourse, where nothing ever vet provided by the hand of Man or the God of Nature is equal to raih eads. Having examined the cost, let us look at the business of these Southern Railroads : Total receipts of South Carolina Rail road and Branches, for 1850. --$892,403 Do. o&Contral Railroad of Georgia. .668,383 Do. or Georgia Road ..626,807 Do. ot Macon and Western --. 197,179 Total receipts $2,384,773 Os the above amounts, $558,345, or about 25 per cent, was from passengers, and sl,- 826.528 from freight. On the Central Rond but $70,000 of the receipts were from pas sengers, and $597,001} from freight J etus now look at the expenses (exclu sive s is ii.te est) and nett profits “THK IlSIOf! OF TH K STATKS ASTI* THB SO VBRBIGXTT OS’ THB STATES.” COLUMBUS, GEORGIA, Expenses Nett profit “ South Carolina R. R.. .$463,934. .$428,469 Central R. R., Ga.,... .337.629 330,756 Georgia R. R., 228,282 398,525 Macon & West’n R R.. .87,699 109,480 Totol $1,117,544 $1,267,229 The average expenses are a trifle less than 48 per cent, of the entire receip's, while the nett profits amount, upon the aggregate, to nine and a quarter per cent. I have not before me the Reports of these Companies for 1851. lam confi dent they would show a more favorable result, as the extensions north and west wardly are constantly augmenting the receipts of the main line. An interesting fact, shown by expert ence, is, that the receipts per mile run are decidedly greater upon these South ern roads than upon the roads North— about in the ratio of 18 to 15. This is no doubt partially owing to the lower fares and the greater attention paid at the North to public accommodation by the more frequent running of trains. It is surprising to observe what a small proportion of the revenue from travel is derived from through passengers. On the Georgia Railroad, although the whole number of passengers conveyed upon the road, both ways, was 17G per day, the number of through passengers was but 21. Tliis is a very important fact in estimating the extent to which the re venue may be augmented by the com pletion ot the whole line, and the reduc tion of the time between New Orleans and New York from lh days to 3 days, and the fare per passengerreduced from SSO to SG(). That this reduction is at tainable there can be no question, as the actual average cost of conveying pas. sengers, upon the principal roads at the North, is only one cent and one mill per mile, and in Georgia, owing to the more limited number, one cent and 7 mills per mile. Now S4O would be equivalent to two cont and three quart ers, leaving a nett profit to the compan ies, even at the present high cost, of one cent and half a mill on each passenger per mite—equal to 48 per cent excess. The cost of conveying a ton of goods on the Georgia railroad is one cent and i eight mills, and upon tlie Northern } Roads about one cent and five mills per | mile. Assuming a bale of cotton as one fourth of a ton, it could be conveyed, at j the above cost, 160 miles for 72 cents— ! so that at one dollar, there would be a I profit ot 28 cents on each bale. With these elements on which to base j a calculation of probable cost and pro- j fits, derived from results before *us, in ‘ Carolina and Georgia, if vve will com pare the buisiness and position of Mont gomery with that of Macon and Augusta, Ca., and make due allowances for the vast augmentation of the time and busi ness which is to arise from the comple tion ot the Nashville Road as well as this extension to the seaboard, every in'.eiligent man can judge for himself whether tins Railroad from Montgom erv to Mobile Bay isentitled to the con fidence of capitalists as a good stock investment. It is probable that the citizens of Pen sacola would meet this Road with a branch, which would connect us, in about 159 miles, with that beautiful har bor and important Naval Depot- This Railroad would decidedly benefit the commercial interests of Montgome- j ry. We should be brought within 7 hours of Mobile, and2o hours/ffNew Orleans. When the river was in the condition it now is, how would Belma or Wetump ka common icate with Mobile, except through Montgomery? Nothing would contribute more to enlarge our present circle oftrade than the construction of this Railroad. California Election. There has been some doubt as to the result of the election in California, as complete returns had not been received at the sailing ot the last steamer on the 6th of September, and, so far as heard, they were very close. The whigs were claiming the election of Reading for Governor, and most of their State “tick ets; while they conceded a majority of the members of the Legislature to the Democrats. This news has been seized upbn bv the Whig ptess, here, with great rejoicing; but it now appears from the very latest accounts, that they were reckoning without their host.— Two letters to the editors of the Penn sylvanian, written at the moment ot the departure of the steamer, state that the Democrats have carried the Governor, and the whole State and Congressional ticket. We append one. Office of the Pacific News. ) San Francisco, Sept. 6, 1851. j My Dear Forney:—We have no tele graphs in this country, and our news does not arrive as yet with lightning speed in the “Pennsylvania of the Pa cific.” Enough to know that the re turns, as far as received, show that “Honest John” is elected Governor of California, and the whole Democratic State & Congressional ticket. We have secured, as far as heard from a majority of the next Legislature, which ensures a Democratic U. S. Senator, vice Fre mont. The Legislative fnm itk> county will Do equally divided, which, in view of the Custom House influence, and the notorious tact that Mr. T. Butler King is a Candidate tor the U. S. Senate, is a most triumphant victory. We claim that Banner, and the official result will prove our title to its possession. The mountain men of California, like the miners of Pennsylvania, have proved true to their principles and to their coun try. May heaven grant the same glor ious result in the old Keystone. The steamer is about off, or I would re-copy this miserablescrawl. We feel too well to be very particular in our style. Faithfully, Tho*W. Sutherland. In addition to this we perceive that the “ East Alabamian” states that a let ter has been received in its county from California, which announces that the Hon. Solomon Hydenfeldt was elected Chief Justice of tiie Supreme Court.— He was the Democratic candidate. New York, Oct 7. Mr. Chillis has returned from Nicaragua. He reports that the Suraly route is complete. The length of tlie canal to be dug will not exceed for ty-five miles. The whole cost will be much less than originally estimated. A meeting of ail par ties interested is called, and will soon take, in this eity, when stock to the requisite amount will be .ssm-d. It is said that this route to California, as soon as finished, will supersede all others. New York Moxey Market. —The Journal of Commerce of Friday evening says : “There is no particular excitement in the mar ket, and confidence is being gradually restored.— The demand for business paper increases, and all good names are freely taken, in some case-sat low er rates. There is little doing in Foreign Exchange for to-morrow’s steamer, aad as change in quota- ] tia WEDNESDAY MORNING, OCT. 22, 1851 RAIL ROAD TO THE GULF. We are gratified to have reason to know that our views touching the necessity of some energetic and prompt movement towards counteracting the effects of rival rail-roads on the interests of Colum bus, have been favorably received by intelligent aud thinking men in this oity. As food for reflection we publish to-day a very able communication from A. A. Dextbr, Esq., an accomplished engineer, on the subject of a rail way from Montgomery to Mobile Bay. We pray attention to the valuable fticts grouped in this com munication. And what we would impress on the mind of this community is, that the advantages of connection to Montgomery apply (only more strongly) to Columbus. The shortest line from NcvV York to Mobile by rail-way, when the entire great South Western coastline of road is com pleted,"is by way of Columbus. Any man can figure tliis for himself, whether he starts from Augusta by way of the Waynesboro branch ta the Central Road, thence to Macou, Columbus and Mobile Bay; or whether’fae starts from Savan nah by the same route. We also find in the Mobile Herald a corres pondence be w ten Col. Phillips, of IN’* -ile, and | the able engineer of the Mobile and Oli oRn l J Road company, Mr. John Childs, on the subjiet of the passage by railway acros*3 tlie head waters of Mobile Bay. The supposed difficulties of the'passage, have, we think been tlie principal stumbling blocks in th s way of Mobile enterprise Ju that direction.— There lias been an apprehension that the termin us of a road from Montgo nery or Columbus, at Stockton or Blakely on the Eastern side of Mo bile Bay, would, so for from benefiting Mobile, build up a rival town at 4 tliat terminus. In tho opinion of Mr. Child, an engineer of high reputa tion, this whole difficulty can lie removed by the comparat'vely trifling expenditure of $159,000. Nov we hold tint if Columbus will unite with flic planters oil the route from this pout to Greenville, iu Butler county, Alabama, and build that road we shall have obtained all the splendid advantages so graphically pourtrayed by Mr. Dexter as to be reaped by Montgomery by the connect’©! of that city with Mobile Bay. We shall thus be placed beyo id the possibility of suc cessful competition on the great, shortest and best, air-line from Canada to Now Orleans. Now is tho time for action. Vigor and energy will seize the rich fruit—by delay aud inaction it will be lost forever. tfgfCnpt. John Forsyth, the disunion editor of that disunion paper—the Columbus Times—does not like the result of the late elections in Georgia at all. He says that it is a triumph of the North over the South. Os course, he has a right to his opinion. But is it not a lit tle strange that so many of the people of the South have all turned traitors to their oount-y! and that a man who won’t put a coat on his back, unless it is made in New York—for we understand that that L true of Capt. For syth, should lie such an elegant Southern man Tasks free Republican, “Capt. John Forsyth” presents his compli ments to the submission editor of that sub mission paper—theTuskegoe Republican— and informs him that it is none of his busi ness, where his coats are made: and that his putting his spoon into our dish in that k’nd of style, is a piece of impertinent intermeddling with other people's afia’rs'that dont concern him, quite in the vein of a dirty sheet, that us ed to feed on the moral offal of this commu nity. Besides, Mr. Republican, we do not now remember tl at it is anywhere laid down j in the “Georgia Platform,” what tailors and where they shall reside, that a gentleman is to be permitted to employ. As the “Geor gia Platform” is the law of the land,to whicj, we most humbly how—to which we most gracefully submit and acquiesce in, tetota ciously—if it can be shown that that is viola ted by wearing New York coats, why wo must try to get them elsewhere. But sup pose our tailor politician—our connoisseur in coats and breeches of the Tuskegee Republi can, halts a moment, to exa ini no the wherea bouts of his own wardrobe? That hal, sir, that you wore, when you wrote this pert paragraph, where was it made? At the North. That shirt, where was it spun? At the North. That coat and vest, those pantaloons and boots—where did they come from? Why the North. And the editor himself who penned the paragraph —where did he come from? The North. Now let the editor go to Co lumbus and visit every clothing store in it, and try to get equipped from head to foot in a Southern suit. If he goes in with a row to be so apparelled or go out undressed, he will have to take the streets in the plight of Plato's definition of a man —inpuris natural ibus. Why every thing of the kind is North ern. True, you find tailors here who make up clothes, but injiine cases out of ten they are ■W Wuers with JgtxiteJ 1” ototptat, ana m every case they make you up Northern goods imported from the North. In Columbus there is one Southern Rights clothing house, yet he proprietors are Northern men and every stitch in the shop is of Northean doing. Under these circumstances —and admit ting that we wear nothing but New York made coats, which is false—by leave cf the editor of the Tuskegee Republican, and sav ingthe “Georgia Platform” (which God and the People defend:) wo shall i owe to exer cise our free-trade propensities and get our “coats” where we can get them “cheapest , and best.” Besides which, we wear principles that, rre quite independent of tne cut, quality or make of our coat. We are obliged to wear Northern coats, and unhappily the suc cessful politics of the Tuskegee Republican and its ilk hare compelled us also to wear the Northern— collar. jcgT” The Cheap Postage System, says the Albany Argus, will probably more than re alize the expectations of its advocates. Ao the Post Office in this eity, where formerly 1660 was the average number of letters mailed a day—about one-fourth pre-pawl— there were recently mailed, in a single day, 2,513 letters, of which about two-thirds were prepaid'; No doubt the returns of the present quarter will show au immense increase in the number of letters over any quarter of last year. JJgT* Itis wonderful how the Submission Press of Georgja has plucked up Southern spirit since the election. Having decently hrashod out the poor little Southern Rights TUESDAY, OCTOBER 28, 1851. Party, they feel big enough to whip the whole North; and we accordingly find the Augusta Chronicle and tho Savannah Repuliaan. porch ed on the “Georgia Platform” flapping their wings and crowing like a pair of defiant chanticleers at the North. Bravo Gentlemen! Wa like to hear those long lost notea from you. It was for talk extremely similar to your present tone that a brief mouth since, you denounced in us and in our folks as be ing awfully treasonable to the union. llow is this? have yon a patent for dissolving this union on your platform and are wetobe’hung like dogs,”for talking about it on ours? But vve would in our simplicity enquire, who you expect to frighten at the North, by your big talk just now? Why sirs, the North, has learned the trick of your stage thunder. The North knows it is only the prelude to sub’ mission—you have bullied before and sub mitted—Your Mr. Toombs was at one time a fire-eater of the most flaming sort—sc much so that we once honestly invited him to come home and lead the fire-eating hosts yet he caved and turned in to eooing as gen tly as a sucking dove for this “glorious un ion.” Save your breath to cool your porridge forthe North wont believe a word you say. You must get the freshest sort of salt to put on their tails before you can catch them. But nevertheless it is creditable in these presses to let their people at home into some truths which have been studiously kept out of sight. For this reason we are happy to see them rising in spirit. And it is for the purpose of giving unimpeded room and sway to this spirit that we think it both politic and patriotic in the Southern Rights party to disband; cease opposition to tlie compromise as hopeless, and leave the responsibility on tlie “Georgia Platformists” of settling our great account with the Frec-Soil Monarch. “ IT IS GOOD TO BE TAUGHT BY ONE,9 ENEMY.” “ Fas est ab koste doceri.” In the sense o this wise old saying, the article of the N. Y. Tri bune on tho Georgia election , which we copy contains some rich reading, instructive to the peo ple of Georgia, and a most luscious nut for the tri uin,,hant party to crack. Wo will not ask the reader to peruse it, for we know every one will read it. Mr. Horace Greeley, of the “Higher law” branch of the abolition humanity school, is “gratified to a gratification” at the Cobb victory iu Georgia—and he proceed-! to a philosophical dis section of the elements which have produced this result. Ilia conclusion is, that the germ of the whole matter is, that the Free or White labor of the Cherokee country has run a successful muck against the slave labor of the Cotton and Rice sec tions, and that the issue is a very substantial Whig and Free soil triumph. His remarks about tlie contest in this district and the issues male iu tlie canvass against Mr. Johnson are, to say the least of it, cruel. We commend that part of it to some of our heavy union planters to whom wo address ed our “last warning” just before the election. The Tribune makes some mistakes iu facts.— For example it says that McDonald beat Hill so r Governor two years ago. It is needless to say that he should have said Towns-, instead of Mc- Donald. lie also classes Mr. Johnson of til's District as a Whig, in former times. Mr. John son used to be what the Whigs called a “Loeofo co” of the rankest stripe. But wo think he is bagged for a Whig for tlie future. columns of the Columbus Enquirer of y sterday morning remind us of the old adage— “ set a beggar on horse back and he will ride him to death.” The editor scolds like “ a very drab.” Not content with beating his opponents, he pro ceeds with that magnanimity so remarkable in that quarter, to rub sand in its victim's eyes, to pull his hair and to indulge in sundry other evi_ dences of the vulg tr spite of a little mind. We hope our political friends will be able to survive all this petty persecution. It is not the first time that live “jackasses have been found kicking dead lions.” The Enquirer talks about its opponents dictating to the victorious party as to the disposition of the plunder and spoils of the triumph. This is news to us. Our people are not so verdant as to sup pose they can control the offices in the hands of a huge majority. They know that these ware the very things the union humbug was raised to ob tain, and have not the least idea of attempting to rescue them from the clutches of the patriots who have won the booty. Dont be frightened, Mr. Enquirer—for it is not likely that a single stray plum will escape from your treasured box of spoils. CoinrnoMisii TRiusipn.—William F. Johnson, promise AVhig, has been beaten for re-election by Wm. Bigler, a Compromise Democrat, by twenty thousand majority ! Such, we tru.-t, may be and will be the fate of all who opjxise those measures before the American people, and such, so far, has been the result in every section of the oountry. — Ala. (Whig) Journal. Stop a little ! It is a v*ry sfiort time since the Journal was taking its brother Whig, (Hooper of the Chambers Tribune) to task for declaring that the Northern Democracy was sounder oa the Southern question than Whiggery. Mr. Toombs had lately said the same thing. Now eoines the Pennsylvania election to testify on this point.— The Journal calls it a “ Compromise Triumph .” Indeed! and who won it ? Why the Democrats. Well, these Democrats must be sound, because they are (just like the Journal) in favor of the compromise. If the Journal is sound—so are the Pennsylvania Democracy, by the same test. Mr. Hooper’s opinion is therefore sustained, and Mr. Toombs was right whon he expressed the same opinion. Pacific Dock Yard.— lt is rumored at Wash ington that Commodore Sloat has been appoint ed president of a board to locate. a nrival dock yard on the Paeifi#, and that Commander Cad wallader Ringgold will accompany him. Gov. Williams (of Vermont) in his mes sage to the Legislature, expresses doubts as to the constitutionality of the fugitive slave law, and thinks the question should be submitted to tlie proper j tidicial tribunal for its decision. tsr The Tost Master General has established j the following Post Offices in Georgia: Grove, Elbert, Ga., James A. Rum icy; Quin field, Muscogee, Allen O’Quin ; Vineyard, Irvin, Thomas Smith. | NUMBER 43. Serious Disturbances in Turkey. —The cor respondent of the London Times at Constantino ple writes that— “ A serious disturbance had broken out at Van, in Asia Minor. Towards the latter end of hist month, according to my information, the Christian population, composed mostly of Armenians, had raised the standard of revolt, and had attacked the Mussulmans, who number about 20,000. The number in killed and wounded is extensive, and were it not for Fehatal Hey, the Kurdish chief, who came to restore order, the massacre would hare been awful. The city had been pillaged and part of it destroyed by fire, the work of incendia ries. The dispute between the Christians and Mussulmans arose on account of the former hav ing adopted bolls for their churches. Letter from Col Crittenden. Ship oy War Esfkranza, ) Aug. 16,1851. ) Dear Uncle:—ln a few moments some fifty of ns will be sliot—we came with 1 x>pez. You will do me the justice to believe that mr motive for Coming was a good one. I was deceived by I-o pei. He as well as the publio press assured mo that the island was in a state of prosperous revo lution. I am commanded to finish writing at once. Your nephew, >Y. L. Crittenusn. I will die like a man. Hou. J. J. Crittenden, Attorney General Uni ted States, Washington city. The letter (says the Republic) is lying before usas we write, in the firm, bold, stoaiß - baud of one who was prepared to “ die like a man,” and who kept his word. From the New York Tr liuuo. The Georgia Result. Two years ago, Charles J. McDonald was chosen Governor of Georgia over Edward Y. Hill, the Whig candidate, by 3,192 majority—the vote being a very large one. The State is very evenly di vided between the two great parties, but McDonald rode the high horse on •South ern Rights,’ while Hill pointedly refus ed to do any such thing, and that refus alturnedthe scale against him. The State was thus put decidedly against the Whig party. McDonald seems f<i have been in ear nest in his semi .Calhounistn. He knew how he had won his election, and he went ahead accordingly, Southern Con ventions, Southern Congresses, and‘va rious games of that sort,’ found in him a ready and ardent supporter. About half his paity, and a very light springs ling of quasi Whigs earnestly sympa thized with him. But the mass of the People did not—far from it. Thousands who had humored the joke so long as they regarded it as a mere party ruse to beat the Whigs, began to back water so soon as the matter came to look seri-. ous. At the head of these stands How ell Cobb, Speaker of the last House, a shrewd and strong man, who has made many a stump speech to prove the North ern Whigs essentially Abolitionized, and quoted The Tribune to prove his assertion, but who has no idea of going out of the Union ,Proviso or no Proviso. And this brings us to another interesting feature of the present contest. Georgia, like Virginia, and, less thor oughly, Maryland, N. Carolina and Ala bama, is a State containing two anta gonist Social systems —the Slave system in the South-East and the Free Labor system in the North-West. When the Slavery Propaganda compelled Gener al Jackson to drive the Cherokees out of Georgia, in atrocious defiance of jus tice, humanity and public faith, it had previously been found necessary, in or der to stimulate the whole People of •Georgia to sustain the Nullification po sition of Gov. Troup toward the Feder al Government under the Presidency of Mr. Adams, to set up all the lands to be obtained from the Indians to be gambled for in a gigantic State Lottery, every Georgian having a free ticket. Thus the Cherokees’ lands, before the origin al and rightful owners had been driven away from them, had already been dis tributed by lottery, mainly in small tracts, to many thousands of citizens. — A gold fever broke out about this time and precipitated the settlement while preventing the aggregation of these lands; and thus North-Western Georgia has been recently settled in farms too small to be profitably cultivated by slave labor and by farmers who had no slaves to work, even though they had land on which to employ them. And thus it. happens that the most thrifty and pow erful [in voting] section of the State, which has hitherto gone ‘Democratic,’ because their lands were wrenched from the Indians by Gen. Jackson has now put its veto on the Slavery Propaganda by going almost en masse for the Union ticket, in the older Counties generally where Slavery bears sway, Cobb’s vote is that of the Whig party and very little beside; in the most Southern and pecu liarly Cotton and Rice-growing section, Cobb has less than the Whig vote in for mer years; but in the young North-west the majorities lor Cobb roll up alter this fashion : PeKalb 727 Ctaattoogn 400 l.'t.ss SSO Floyd 680 Cherokee. 550 Habersham 778 Jackson 414 Madison 524 Lumpkin 7UG Walker . 555 N'ewlon 633 VVallon 325 Gilmer 1,006 Most of these counties gave McDon aid large majorities two yearsago.— They nave now ueinousnctl iiinf. af xu^ less populous counties also of the Cher okee country have gen jially given Cobb decided majorities. Os the members of Congress elect, two are ‘Southern Rights’ men, elected by meager majorities from the Savan nah and Macon districts respectively; three Union democrats of very mod erate party prepossessions, Messrs. Toombs and Stephens, who used to be whigs, as we think Stephens still is a heart, and James Johnson, a whig who had to encounter in the canvass, and did not contradict, aflidavits charging him with having maintained that the North did right in insisting onthe.exclu sion of slavery from the New Territo ries, and with having lately sold his pro perty in Georgia in order to remove to a Free State, expressly on the ground that he would not subject his children to the evils and contaminations ot slavery. We feared these affidavits would dam age him in the canvass, but they do not seem to have done so. He is at all ev ents triumphantly elected, from a dis trict hitherto represented by a Loco-Fo co Propagandist. —Let us not be misunderstood. Tho people of Upper Georgia, like those of Western Virginia, are hostile to Aboli tion as it has been presented to them, and in favor of upholding what they term ‘Southern Rights.’ But at heart they wish every negro was back in Afri ca, and, instead of consenting to dissolve the Union in behalf of the extension of siavery, they would welcome the Union without slavery as an alternative to sla very without the Union. In support of thisassertion, we confidently appeal to the Future. Punch asserts that after all “Britan ia rules the waves,” for in the recent yacht races the American clipper ran away fn.ni theßitiah fleet.’ From tba Chaioatoo. Stand.rd* HON.* GEORGE M. DALLAS. The following letter of the late Tice Presi dent furnishes another proof that there still, in the non-slaveholding States, boh* staunch friends of justice and the Constitu tion. Wo have an utter aversion for the hoi low-hearted compromisers North or Booth who under that pretence, surrender all te oar enemies. Mr. Dallas, like Paulding tod Stockton, comes out plainly and boldly and wore it possible that their counsel# eould yet bo followed, the Constitution might be ame* ded as Mr. Calhoun desired, and the Uuieo might thus be saved. It will be seen from the letter below that Mr. Dallas is favorable to such amendment. Hon. George M. Dallas and the Compromise* —Letter to Hon. Guy.M. Bryan, of Tat* as. Schooley’s Belmont llall, Schooley’s Mountain Sprino. V New Jersey, July 25, 1851. J My Dear Sir : Having escaped the heat)# of the city, lam almost inclined, amid the beauties of nature which surround me here, the high hills, the pure cool air, the fragraut forests and the ripening harvests, to postpoUd j until my return to arid streets and studies, the attention to which your request is enti tled. I cannot, however, feel at rest, whil imagining that my silence may possibly be misinterpreted, and, therefore, hasten to send you tho views which you are kiud enough to wish repeated. On tho topics of your letter, datedthe 4th iust from Peach Point Brazoria county, Texas, 1 have long entertained definite and decided opinions. As they are somowhat different from any avowed by public men in this quar ter, I should feel diffident in holding or #o fossing them, were it not that every day** progress in our great federal experiment #oti tirms to me their soundness, indeed thoir ab solute necessity. I cannot work out theaaf** ty of the Union in their absence. That U#r ion was designed, and is fitted, to be the best and most permanent security, for as much of combined freedom and happiness as societies are permitted to enjoy, and it has always seemed to me pot merely rash and irrational, but grossly illogical, to disclaim oedoubt anj of its essential springs of vitality. Union, in its political sense, is the opposite of consoli dation. The elements necessary to a bar* idea of Union are antagonistic to those of a consolidation; and yet, 1 cannot help thinking that all the mistakes and mischiefs to which we have been subjected, found an origin in th# habitual tendency of many very able states men to import from old consolidated empire# their products of legislation and government, and to fasten them upon the new Americas condition of mere federal union. llow oftdli do we hear and see the strictly deconstitu tionalized term, nation, substituted for that of Union! A substitution, plausible and innocent in the sphere of our foreign rela tions, but full of insinuating and ’ pernicious encroachments wherever the domestic limits, reservations and guaranties are involved. It found no place in the structure framed by th# Convention of 1787. Were I not at this moment away front borne, more in search of health than dispos ed to labor, I should be tempted to note, from Nangressional and executive record, some of the errors apparently run into; both of reas oning and of policy, under the seductive in fluence of round language. No strongei 1 il lustrations could be given of Miralieau’s as sertion that ‘‘words are things,” (aye and fa tally serious things, too,) than the extent to which with such aids, the meaning of oaf constitution, if not the nature of our govern ment, has been affected. lam not so unjust as to quettion the motivfcs of those who hav* thus deviated; they must rather’ be regarded as misled by a sort of ambitious patriotism* so intently aiming to augment the greatness, wealth and pow er of their country, as ungar dedly to overlook the peculiar complication# and nice adjustments of its political system*. Asa people, we are generally calm and con servative—perhaps more tamely so than i* congenial with the spirit and anticipations of tho constitution. There is one provision of that instrument, which, more strongly than any other, marks its practical wisdom, and yet it is curious to see with what almost super stitious dread we shrink from bringing it into action. I refer to the power and process of amendment. Our organic law was put in writing, its delegations and restrictions of ju risdiction were given express and visible cer tainty; but as all human fabrics are confes sedly imperfect, and should ever be adapta ble to the times, the mode of peaceful change, correction or addition, was prescribed with equal exactness. Why is it that we endur# years of dangerous agitation, unsettling our sentiments as fellow-citizens, and winding gradually up to a social convulsion, rather than frankly resort to this proffered expedi ent] Certainly, the constitution cannot be touched with too much reverence; certainly, what is usually stigmatized as “tinkering” at it should be resolutely avoided; but when it is plain that the proper occasion has arisen, that nothing less solemn can be’ efficacious, and that the very union it creates and cou servates is at risk, why are we to recoil from the provided sanctuary] One of the authorized forms of amending is unaccompanied by hazard of any kind— that of Congressional reeomendation, to b# followed by the approval of throe-fourths of the local legislatures. Such a process seems just now to be unpromising—but it may, af ter candid and diffuse discussion, turn out otherwise. Surely, the Union is valued* suffi ciently to rally for its risk and renovation 24 of tho thirty-one States; or are we alrea dy prepared to admit that the American peo ple have become incapable of self-government incapable of appreciating the true sources of their wonderful progress, and incapable of discarding the blind though boisterous guide# ready to lead them, through disunion, into mutual and rancerous jealousies, iu depend ence on foreign guardianship, into civil and servile wars, and unto the poor feuds of til lage trades and tariffs? 1 think it always a mistake to falter in reliance upon the shrewd and sober judgment of the great body of our fellow-citizens. They were wise enough to discern tho un tried excellence of the constitution; they wore wise enough to amend, aye, and most udmira- WaslnngtonT Madison, Franklin and tffnunl ton. Arc they not wise enough, then, to ap ply a single and simple cure for a disease which after many years of latent torpor, has suddenly alarmingly developed? With me there is no doubt that if my countrymen be given tho legitimate opportunity, they will expressly and unqualifiedly prohibit, sooner or later what I have heretofore humbly b • lieved they had by strongest implication already prohibited. They will prohibet from being forced by the sophistries of zealots to enact the part of consolidation; they will place the constitutional canon, too palpably for ineonstruction, against the self slaughter of intermeddling with institutions and rights exclusively ofState creation, State responsi bility, and State control; they will render it impossible, by any process short of treason or revolution” to convert the confederacy into the means of destroying the equality of its own members, or to direct its energies to ful fil the behests of some higher law starting up like the cyultica of the minute, from the ever ranging and inculcable phantasms of tho in ner man. I have dispassionately, but anxiously, watched the manifest of political sentiment in tho North and East, since the adjournment of Congress and shall be most happy to find my impresion dispelled in the future. At first, the movements ot the masses were in dependent of leadership, and gave a noble earnestness to indicate their good faith, and to maintain the institutions and harmony of the Union; but, and I say it wi:h reluctai:e\ the honzon was not long permitted to remain so flattering. The abolitionists beat again their barbaric going; the love of ropn s mo tive assemblages regular or casual, was again taunting and vindictive; paltry and pir-nnni ambition renewed the agitation by which alone its hopes are fed; Vermont, Massac ha sets, Ohio, New York, and even Pennsyva nia, exhibited in successs.o 1 sad proof of that their respective portions of the great whig party were unwilling to forego the customs-