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anj landing all passengers at said Depot
who may desire it.
And it is further agreed by the said
parties, that the amount expended by
said City Council in the construction of
said Railway Bridge, Road and Depot,
with in saidcity,‘.shall be a subscription
to the capital stock of said Girard kail
road Company, in addition to the afore
tnentionel subscription of one hundre
and fifty thousand dollars, andfor which
vtnrp the said Railroad Company
bind said City Council upon the issuing
and said certiticates ot stock
? .for convey, and set overby pro
to Han-fur . ip e sa ni otiaid Hail
per conveyance to in* . anJ UUe
Tin CrtvCuunc 1 i„ audio said Rail
r MdS. a”* d “ nJ Df ' ,l,t ’ r iih i n
S V * oI EXh h S
Road and Depot, shall bej
come the property ot the said
w ailroad Company, and to be Usea oy
Scompanx L lla,lr„ad p U rpas .n
and
Council may by h<r Agent or Agente repre
sent her said stock in all * v
Roh -rt A. Ware, and Alexander A bow liter,
tt<)U 11 J . . i ...if of tin M >yor aid
hereto assign r.i behal* in “ - , 4 .
Council of lie cKy <f <-’ “'f”;,.,” Vdl.
President and Directors of the Gim™ “
road Company signed in behalf ot said Luin
-1,1111'’ ROBERTA. WARE, /
JNO. A. URQbHARj, (Comm.
A. A. U>W THER, )
ROBERT S. IIAKDAWAY, 1 resident
II: BLACKMON, f
J. ABERCROMBIE, (Directors.
A. ABERCROMBIE, >
On motion, the above rej <>\t an eon rat
were, received and unanimously a T£ a --„
a true extract from the proceedings ottlie
Mayor and Cooncil, this tho dOth day of ho
tcarbcr,lßsl6 A LVI N STRATTON, Crt.
flip,jinillMßUS TIMES.
SATURDAY EVENING, DEC. 6, lssl.
Z7clCQtai)l)*B
FOR'TIIE TIMES £
tr* .
t I.ATEIt FROM EUROrE,
COTTON ADVAKCXD.
Savannah, 5 o’clk. 35 min.p. m. ?
Dec. sth, 1851. S
11umbolt arrived nt New York to-day.
Kossuth on Board. Franco wa- quiet liv.
crpool Cotton advanced Id. Sales in thro
days 19,000 bales. Demand good, holder*
not pressing market Manufacturing district*
unchanged.
First Fruits - —Sixty eight biles arrived
on Friday, on the Muscogee Rail Road, dis*
tnnce 10 miles.
Twenty miles will bo opened on Christ
mas day.
LaGrange Female Institute.—We pub
lish one of several compositions written and
read by the young ladies of Mr Montgomery’s
female Institute at LaGrange, at the late ex
amination. We .should be pleased to put the
rest in print, but our space is so limited an l
the pressure on our columns so great that we
cannot. The papers exhibit marks of thought,
study and imagination, and are very credita
ble to the young ladies and their precept
ors.
Girard R ail Road.—Wo publish for in
formation, the contract between the City
Couneil’of ‘Columbus and the Girard and
Mobile Rail Road ICompany, touching the
city subscription to that work.
Mississirri. —James Whitfield Esq. (for
mcrly ofthis St.it.-) has been (fleeted Presi
dent of the Senate of Mississippi and will he
ex-oftcio, Governor, until the inauguration of
Foote. Mr. Whitfield is a Southern Rights
Democrat.
Sava’lnaii. —Dr. Arnold, union candidate
for Mayor, and seven out of twelve union , Al
dermen are elected in the city pf Savannah
Dr Arnold beat his competitor Mr. Thou?
Purse 12 votes.
Mobile.—Joseph Seawell Esq. Southern
Rights Democrat has been elected Mayor of
Mobile, over tho Fillmore Whig candidate
W Brooks Esq.
published by Stringer and Townsend, N. Y.
monthly, at $3 per"annum. It Is"filled with
rich and varied reading matter, the typogra
phy and engravings are fine, and it is one of
the most interesting of our periodical visitors.
Kbost axb Topaz.—Col. A. McDoogald
advertises to the worl lin a stiff and tumid
published letter, that some highly respect
able gentleman of Columbus has presented to
him a handsome gold pen and pencil, as a
testimonial of the donor's high .appreciation
of t,is patriotic services in the matter of im
porting slaves from other States. The do
nor expresses a disinclination to have his
name given to the world, but the donee is too
old a politician, and too much in present need
of propping up, to let slip the opportunity of
advertising his cndorsAient. Ilis letter will
put the public on active enquiry for the donor
and Col. MeDougald’s.purposes, will be ef
fected in standing before the the world with
the imprimatur of an endorsement by a re
spectable gentleman of Columbus.
Fowgraxate Cottox. — Gex. G. D. Mitch,
ell of Mississippi has exhibited to us some
specimens of this remarkable cotton. They
consist of the stalks and limbs of the plant
with the open bolls on them. The bolls are
so thick that the limbs are almost entirely
hidden, the limb presenting the appearance of
being enveloped with wads or bats of cotton.
It is said to be wonderfully prolific and to
yield very heavily of lint in proportion to
seed, in the proportion of 34 pounds of/lint
to 100 of seed. The staple is good, the pick
ing easy, and the yield from actual experi
ment in adjoining plantations is as 771 to
1175, as between the Mexican cotton and the
Pomgranate. From what we see and learn
of the eotton, our planting friends would
doubtless find it worth their while to test its
merits.
Amongst the most recent inventions
are gutta percha pens, which are stated to be
far more durable than goose quills, aud more
. available than the metallic materials.
(gj- The Savannah Republican , states that 1
the recent heavy rains have caused such a
rise in the creek between stations 13 and 14
of the Georgia Central Raii Road, that the
embankment has given way, and the commu
nication is kept up by passing around'the gap
in carriages. The RepuUican judges tho
damage to be large.
It is stated by some of our exchanges
that California, after all is likely to gain her
fractional Representatives in Congress, inas
much as the returns just received from that
State are said to show the number of white
inhabitants to be 165,000 and the blacks 1,800. |
This makes the fraction 74,000 over the one
representative allowed.
We learn from the Nashville II hig
that Gen. Cullon, recently elected to Con
gress from that district, was recently tried
before the Gainsboro’ Circuit Court for the
killing of Davidson, and triumphantly ac
quitted. The circumstances of the case and
the evidence prove that the act was commit
ted in self-defence.
gSf” A-tiew work on Austria, bv the Hon.
W. H. Stiles, late charge of the United
States- at Vienna, is about to be issued from
the press.
From the report of the last annual
meeting of the Masonic Grand Lodge of Ken
tucky, we learn that there are now in the
State 176 working lodges, numbering from
10 to 232; 21 lodges instituted the past year :
1 153 initiations; 54 deaths: 72 suspended; 22
expelled. There are 781 past masters; total
of contributing members 5.1 tG and
107 free members.
We perceive that the snow fell near
ly all day on Tuesday 2>th ult. in Baltimore,
Philadelphia, New York and Cincinnatti,
which at night turned to rain.
The Kentucky Legislature on the
2'ith ult. had three tailorings for U. S. Sen
ator making twenty in all, without success
Mr. M -rriwether obtained 59 the highest
number cast.
The Mobile Ilereld says the sudden
rise in the rivers has created a large demand
for steam boat men, and deck hands are now
asking SSO and S6O per month. These wa
ges are considered exorbitant.
From Washington.—Tt will bo seen from
our Telegraphic head that Mr. L Boyd, of
Kentucky, and J. W. Forney, have been
elected Speaker and Clerk of the House on
the first ballot. They were the Democratic
nominees.
The Telegraph also brings the curious in
telligence that the Democratic caucus refused
to adopt, and that the whig caucus did adopt
the compromise as a finality r i his is a very
droll piece, of information and requires ex
plication. It is a case of ‘ putting the cart
before the horse.” Politics are in a queer
jumble, and it is hard to tell, jtist now,
“who’s who, and what's what,” Wc shall
have to wait for the mails to clear up
the mystery.
vigorous common sense of Kos
suth,,’ says the Liverpool Journal, “is sifting
the nation out of its old notions of continent
al ‘anarchists’ and ‘peace principles.’ Ilis new
ideas arc new blood to usqand, ere be goes
he will leave in the hearts of all English tor
ward politicians a faith in, and a sympathy
with, the effects of the anti-monarchists of
continental Europe.”
James Montgomery, the esteemed
English Poet, is dead. He had completed
his eightieth year. On his eightieth birth
day. lie planted an oak tree in the lawn, in
front of the Sheffield Infirmary.
The Georgia Home Gazette. —Mr. S. W.
Brown is agent for this paper in Western Geor
gia. ,
KOSSUTi I.
Since the first sweep of time's great pendulum,
no century has been mare remarkable for its stu
petitions attainments, wonderful developments,
and chivalrous characters, than the eventful pres
ent. Since its bright dawn, savage nations have
emerged from the long night of barbarism, and
to-day stand forth redeemed, clad in all the habi
liments of civilization,and as beacon lights to guide
others still in barbaric darkness, to tho glorious
light of liberty and happiness. France the land
of La Fayette anl of tho Napoleons, after a suc
cession of bloody revolutions in ‘which ’her cv ii
soil drank the purple gore of thousands, lias risen
to a proud eminence—and enrolled her name o'.i
the list of Republics. Dug from the Mexican quar
ry, Texas a small block has been fitted in the
magnificent edifice of the confederated !stat<-s of
America. California, like a small star struck from
the same galaxy, now composes a part of our glo
rious constellation.
The impervious bulwarks of China, by the sa
gacious mind aud omnipotent prowess of Great
Britain have been dilapidated, and a li:gh-way
opened to the heart of that mighty empire, for the
commerce of the nations of the world. Charac
ters no less renowned have been acting their im
mortal part on the eventful stage of the nineteenth
century. Napoleon Banaparte rose, reigned and
fell. Taylor moved the trident of his immortal
genius over the plains of Mexico, and the halls
of the Montezumas became the tents of the brave
sons of freedom. The genius of Lopez flashed
upon the world like a meteoric light, Out alas: it
was soon extinguished, and Cuba, ill-fated, still
sleeps in the darkness of Spanish oppression. But
of all the characters that the pres
ent century —of all the lights that have shed their
| lustre ou the world since the year ISOO, the’most
wonderful, glorious, magnanimous and good, is
the im ioktal Kossuth. W liether we view tins
great personage in the light of a philanthropist,
patriot, warrior, statesman .or orator, we shall
find in him a combination of qualities which at
(xiee, elevates him far above his species and stamps
liis name with the seal of immortality. A few
months .'itiec at Debraezin might have been seen
in his cabinet, thin, wasted Hungarian form,
surrounded by a half a dozen clerks, who under
stood and wrote as many different dialects. That
form wore the unmistakeable marks of care, anx
iety, study, toil and labor, while his eye sparkled
with the light of a hidden volcano that bume' l
within his agitated bosom. In that room, ail was
business, dispatch—and labor. lie was dictating
to five blerks, two in French, two in German,
vui.l one in Hungarian on business of mighty mo
ment, to the noble enterprize in which he, with his
Hungarian alliesjwas embarked. Ilis soul was in
the work of liberating his country from the chain
of Austrian usurpation and oppression. Dreams
of this grand enterprise had flashed through his
brain when a school boy; for his dealamatory ef
forts were all directed to one point, and that was
the freedom of his country from vassalage.
In his boyhood the spirit of freedom stirred liis
young heart and caused him to lay deep schemes
and draw vast plans of future operations with the
single object of emancipating his country. Be
hold him in his room, whilst wearied with but half
the toil of the day through which he had passed*
his mates were all slumbering, and nature too sil
ent in the arms of rf]x>se. IBs text book lies be
fore him half illumined by the flickering light of
the- faintly glimmering midnight taper -A straoge
thrill shakes his emaciated form; his muscles
sliake, his nerves dilute, his eyes flash, and
springing to his feet the youthful Kissnth erics
with maniac shrillness, -“Hungary shall bo free 1
Thou land of my forefathers—thou home of j my
kindred—thou bleeding country thou shall be re
lei ved from the polluting foot of thy proud oppres
sor.” Follow our young hereafter leaving schorl.
| The fire of liberty still burned in h's heart and
j blazed forth from his eyes. A few years rolled
and Koasutli wltTi a mind dec pH stored with
classic lore ami a heart swelling with patriotic
emotions was heard proclaiming in thunder tones
in city, town, hamlet and grove, the cruel wrongs
inflicted on his downtrodden country. His clari
ion-like voice filled with the pure eloquence of pa
triotism was lieanl echoing and re-celioing through
hill and dale, till Ike the troubled ocean, swept by
the storm-cloud, the whole heart of Hungary was
swelling with indignant fire. What means that
vast crowd of sires and sons, maid
ens’assembled without distinction of age, sex or
rank on the plains of Hungary? In that assom
blage, I see the aged father whose snowy looks and
fnrroT.-ed eheeks betoken the weight of years. I
see the tiine'lvorn'mothcr whose vigor and beauty
has been blasted by the bleak winds of three-score
and ten years. I,behold t!]e"*stately form of man
hood in the prime of mature strength and ’manli-
ness, and the buoyant youth smiling in the sun it
prospect of coining vigor and power. I see the
blushing face of wife, daughter and sister, all, all
—assembled an 1 aii waiting in breathless anxiety.
Presently I behold a thin viusage supported by a
meager frame assending the rugged platform.—
All eyes arc turned to the walking, living skeleton.
Listen! Jle speaks;—and freedom is his theme.
’Tis Kossuth vindicating the cause of his bleeding
country in piercing strains of all conquering elo
quence. But'sec the effect oiri’his anditory.—
The great fountain of their hearts being broken
up, there -s one long, loud, tumultous sound of ap
plause sweliing.'iu deafening shrillness, till father,
mother,_son, daughter, husbandpvife, all, all, with
simultaneous rush, fly_to the standard, resolved to
be free or die. His eloquence was like the furi
ous tempest whose irresistible sweep levels the
forest and leaves its trace only in dilapidated for
tresses anl riven timbers.*”!was like that mighty
agent in nature which carves its way in devasta
tion and electrical shock is not more
sudden or effecting on physics] objects, than the
piercing pcalsmf the thrilling eloquence of the
great Kosutli. Ho is emphatically an intellectual
giant, whose vast powers and resources confer on
him, almost the attributes'of Vyper humanity.—
But, then, his sublime theme gives him an envia
ble ascendency. ’Tisjpopular liberty,jhc elevation
of the standard.of .‘oriental' 1 nationality—the dis
semination of the principles of equali.v, justice,re
publicanism. And though his wan frame wears
out in the illustrious cause, ere tho grand object
is attained, yet the future will develops the fact,
that Kossuth has already planted deeply in the
mind of the Austrian and Russian populace, the
elements of a political volcano which at no distant
day is destined to ignite and pour forth its mora’
lava to inundate tlwqoru ntal world. The throne
of the Russian Autocrat* already trembles to Jits
deep foundation and ere long it must crumble into
melancholy ruins before the irresistible influence
of the renowned liberator. Such an influence
cannot Iks hedged by walls or fettered by chains.
may seem to die for a while, but, I ke the tiny riv
ulet which Hides itself for a time hi a subterranean
passage and then bursting out wirii increas’ and pow
er, rushes on with avalanche i: jel cosily, the
resistless influence of this hour of the nineteenth
century will rise with the strength of its seeming
repose, and breaking down all opposing barriers
will push its conquests to final and glor!.>uo victo
ry. True Kosutli is an exile—banished from his
father land; but Turkey lias not bulwarks strong
enough to hold the dauntless spirit of tho Hunga
rian Washington. Ilis immortal genius has
left its impress on the soul of Hungary, which like
the leaven in the meal, will work up the sleeping
energies of the enslaved millions, til! like a sea of
glory, civil liberty will w.idt the Augean stables
of the oriental continent, while the name of Kos
suth will sparkle on every bounding billow. But,
llush ! What means that enthusiastic demonstra
tion in the city of New York? Behold the count
less thousand ga there don the lcvct— a verse lis a
praach'ng slowly, but firmly she moves her state ty
tread. All eyes are fixed—nearer the sea-beaten
simultaneous shout is heard rending tho heav
ens, the Mississippi 1 the Mississippi! Kossuth j
Kossuth ! Yes ’tis true —the- exiled hero is oft the
American shore—Long long may lie live to bless
the world with Sliisigenais and patriotism. Mr.v
he still live to see the full consummation of his
brightest, hopes and then dying, when on the lip-;
af the thousands whom lie may have blessed while
o ving, his praises shall die away, Etern’ty will
catch the glowing theme and swell forever on his
name. Welcome noble martyr ol freedom, to our
hospitable shores! Welcome, to Columbia the
home of thy immortal pattern tho loved and la
meuted Washington. Welcome to the hearts of
a free and happy peop'e, whose every pulsation is
for Hungary and liberty. Tiion art an exile; but
prisons have no terror for such spirits as thine.—
Thy patriotic soul revels in the glorious conscious
ness of right. Kossuth wc love thee; for thou
art like our own Washington. We will hallow
thee while living, and when in oblivion’s shade thy
sacred dust shall rejßise, we will cherish thy undy
ing memory, and generations in the dim distance
of futurity with rapturous emotions will wreathe
thy name with the fadeless laurels of immortali-
R. S.
Diamoxds.—The London Morning Citron
indulges in the following speculations, to
Which cci..iin roaunt ehsnitßiil discoveries
have given rise:
It would he exceedingly curious, ifatsomc
future exhibition, diamonds rivaling theKoh
i-Noor should be considered of loss value
than the glass models now shown by Mr:
As Icy Pellatt, and should be produced at ev
en less Cost. But if the result of certain in
vestigations which have been communicated
to us be correct, our preconceived notions on
this subject will b‘. readily controverted.
Hitherto we have been told by chemists that
this glittering stone is pure carbon, and that
we may as well try to produce original mat
ter as this substance. But some investiga
tions in the laws of chemical combinations
and affinities, conducted by the Chevalier
Claussen, have within the last few days, led
him to believs that the existing notion of the
diamond being composed of the pure cle
ment of carbon is erroneous. Instead of be
ing pure carbon he stated that it is a com
pound of carbon and carbonic acid—in fact
a carbonate of carbon: and he is also of opin
ion that carbon itself is not an elementary
body, as he thinks lie has succeeded in dis.
solving and analyzing it. We have not had
an opportunity of verifying the experiments
referred to, but we are informed that several
eminenent chemists are at present engaged
th -t task.
Kossuth. —As this name is now on
every body’s lips it is best to pronounce
it correctly. The true pronunciation is
Kos-shoot placing the accent on the
first syllable. At first view, such a
pronunciation seems inconsistent with
he orthograpay ; but recollectedidg that
thin German & other kindred language
is equivalent to t with us, and open the
it as Unionon and mystery is solved.
Grit.—The Southern Rights Club, of Beu
ton, Lowndes county, lately adopted the fol
lowing resolutions unanimously.
Resoltedi That wc can see nothing in the
present signs of the times to induce us to re
nounce our platform or change our course as
the advocates of Secession.
Resolved: That in our judgment, both the
great Federal parties of the North, Whig
and Democratic, arc continuing to worship at
the same shrine of fanaticism, and that our
uniting with cither of them would be but
strengthening ihe hand that smites us.
Ilesoh el. That we will adhere to our pres
ent seperate. organization, aid that we ret om
mend the same course to tin other Southern
Rights Clubs and Associations throughout
the State.
PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE.
Fellow-Citizens of the Senate.
and of the House of Representatives :
I congratulate you and our common
constituency upon the favorable auspi
ces under which you meet for your first
session. Our country is at peace with
all the world. The agitation which, for
a time, threatened to disturb the frater
nal relations which make us one people
is fast subsiding ; and a year of gener
al prosperity and health has crowned
the nation with unusual blessings.—
None can look back to the dangers
which arc passed, or forward to the
bright prospect before us, without feel
ing a thrill of gratification, at the same
time that he must be impressed with a
greatful sense of our profound obliga
tions to a beneficent Providence, whose
paternal care is so manifest in the hap
piness of thishighly lavored land.
INVASION OF CUBA.
Since the close of the last Congress,
certain’ Cubans and other foreigners
resident in the United States, who were
more or less concerned in the previous
invasion of Cuba, instead of discouraged
by its failure, have again abused the
hospitality ofthis country, by making
it the scene of the equipment of another
military expedition against that posses
sion of her Catholic majesty, in which
they were countenanced, aided and
joined by citizens of the United States.
On receiving intelligence that such de
signs were entertained, I lost no rime in
issuing such instructions to the proper
officers of the United States as seemed
to be called for by the occasion. By
the proclamation, a copy of which is
herewith submitted, I also warned those
who might be in danger of being inveig
led into this scheme ofits unlawful char
acter and of the penalties which they
would incur. For some time there was
reason tohope that these measures had
sufficed to prevent any such attempt - —
This hope however, proved to be delu
sive. Very ear yon the morning of the
third of August, a stearne’ - called the
Pampero, departed from Now-Oileans
tor Cuba, having on board upwards of
four hundred armed men, with evident
intentions to make war upon the author
ities of the island. The expedition was
set on foot in palpable violation of the
laws ot the United States. Its leader
was a Spaniard, and several of the chief
officers, and some others engaged in it
were foreigners. The persons compos
ing it, however, were mostly citizens o
the United States.
Before the expedition set out, and pro
bably before it was organized, a slight
insurrectionary movement, which ap
pears to have been soon suppressed, had
taken place in the eastern quartes of
Cuba. The importance of this move
ment was unfortunately so much exag
gerated in the accounts of it published
in this conntry, that these adventurers
seem to have been led to believe that
the Creole population of the island not
only desired to throw off the authority
of the mother country, but had resolved
upon that step, and had begun a well
concerted enterprise tor effecting it.—
The persons engaged in the expedition
were generally young and ill informed.
The steamer in which they embarked
left New O leans stealthilv and without
a clearance. Aitci ivuchmg at Key
West, she proceeded to the coast of Cu
ba, and, on the night between the Ilth
and I2th of August, landed the persons
on board at Play:as, within about twen
ty leagues of Havana.
The main body ot them proceeded to,
and took possession of, and inland vill
age, six leagues distant, leaving others
to follow in charge of the baggage, as
soon as the means ot transportation
cou'd bo obtained. The latter, having
taken up their line of march to con ■
necithemselves with the main body and
having proceeded about four leagues
in the country, were attacked on the
morning of the 13th, by a body ot Span
ish troops, and a bloody conflict ensued
after which they retreated to the place
ofdisernbarcution, where about fifty of
them obtained boats and re-embarked
therein. They were, however, iut.cr :
cepted among the keys near the shore
by a Spanish steamer cruising on the
coast, captured and carried to Havana
and after being examined before a mil
iiary court, we sentenced to be publicly
executed, and the sentence was carried
into effect on the lGth of August.
On receiving information ofwhat had*
occurred, Commodore Foxhall A. Par
ker was instructed to proceed in the
steam-frigate Saranac to Havana, and
inquire into the charges against the per
sons executed, the circumstances under
which they were taken, and whatsoever
referred to their trial and sentence. —
Copies of instructions from the Deparj
ment, of State to him, and of his letters
to that Department, are herewith submit
ted.
According to the record of the exam
ination, the prisoners all admitted the
offences charged against them, of being
hostile invaders of the island. At the
time of their trial and execution the
main body of the invaders was still in
the filed, making war upon the Spanish
authorities and Spanish subjects, After
the lapse of some days, being overcome
by the Spanish troops they clispesed on
the 24th of August, Lopez, their leader,
was captured some days alter, and exe
cuted on the Ist of September. Mauy
nf his remaining followers ware .leilied,
or died of hunger and latigue, and the
re~t were made prisoners. Os these,
none appear to have been tried or exe
cuted. Several of them wore pardoned
upon application of their friends and
others, and the rest about one hundred
and sixty in number, were sent to Spain.
Os the final disposiF >n made of these
\va have no official information.
Such is the melanchOi’j 7 ’ result of this
illegal and ill-fated expeu.'tion. Thus
thoughtless young men have o ’en indu
ced, by false and fraudulent representa
tions, to violate the laws of their coun
try. through rash and unfounded expec
tations ofassisting to accomplish a pol
itical revolution in other States, aud
have lost their lives in the undertaking.
Too severe a judgement can hardly be
passed, by the indignant sense of the
community, upon those who, being bet
ter informed themselves, have yet led
away the ardor of youth and ill-direc
ted love of political liberty. The cor
respondence, between this Government
and that of Spain relating to this trans
action is herewith communicated.
Although these offenders against the
laws have forfeited the protection of
their country, yet the Government may,
as far as is consistent with its bligations
to other countries, and its fixed purpose
to maintain and enforce the laws, enter
tain sympathy for unoffending families
and friends, as well as a feeling of com
passion for themselves. Accordingly
no proper effort has been spared, and
none will be spared, to procure the re
lease ofsuch citizens of the United States
engaged in this unlawful enterprise, as
are now in confinement in Spain ; but
it is to be hoped that such interposition
with the government of that country
may not be considered as affording any
ground of expectation that the Govern
ment of the United States will, hereaf
ter, feel itself under any obligation of i
duty to intercede for the liberation or
pardon oFsuch persons as are flagrant
offenders against the law of nations and
the laws of the United States. These
laws must be executed. If we desire
to maintain onr respectability among |
the nations of the earth, it behoves us to
enforce steadily and sternly the neutral
ity acts passed by Congress, and to fol
low, as far as may be, the violation of j
those acts with condign punishment.
But what gives a peculiar criminality
to this invasion of Cuba is, that under j
the lead of Spanish subjects and with j
the aid of citizens ofthe United States, j
it had its origin, with many, in mo'ive; j
of cupidity. Money was advanced by
individuals, probably in considerable
amounts, to purchase Cuban bonds, as
they have been called, issued by Lopez
sold, doubtless, at a very iarge discount
and for the payment of which
the public lands and public property of
Cuba, of whatever kind, and the liscal
resources of the people and government
of that island, from“whatever source to
be derived, were pledged as well as the
good faith of theJGovernment expected
to be established. All these means of
payment, it is evident, were only to be
obtained by a process of bloodished. war
and revolution. None wi 1 deny that
those who set on foot military expedi
tions against foreign States by means
like, these, and far more culpable than
the ignorant and the neccsstions whom
they induce to go forth as the ostensible
parties in the proceeding. liese origina
tors of the invasion of Cuba seein to
have determined, with coolness and sys
tem, upon and an undertaking which
should disgrace their country, violate its
laws, and put to hazard the lives ill for
med and deluded, men. You will con
sider whether further legislation be ne
cessary to prevent the perpetration of
such offences in future.
No individ mis have a right to hazard
the peace efthe coumry to violate its laws
upon vague notions of altering or reform
ing got ernments in other State-;. This
principle is not only reasonable in it
self, and in accordance with public laws
but is engrafted into the codes of other
nations as well as our own. But while
such are the sentiments of this Govern
ment, it may be added that every inde
pede it nation in st be presumed to be
able to defend its po sessions aganst un
authorised individuals banded t gether
to’attach them. The Government of
the United States, at all times since its
establishment, has abstained and has
sought to restrain the citizens of the coun
try, from entering into controversies
between other powers, and to observe
allthe duties of neut ality. Atan ear
ly period of the Government, in the ad
ministration of Wash ngton, several
. laws we e passed for this purp se. The
main provisions of these laws were re
cnacte l by the act of April, 1818, by
which, amongst other tilings, it was de
clared that if any persons shall within
the territory or juris li tion of the Uni
ted 8 ates, begin, or set 3n so t, or
provide, or prepare the means for any
military expedition or enterprise to be
carried on from thence again t th : te-xi
tory or dominion of any foreign prim e
or Mate : or of any colony, and strict or
people with whom the United states are
at peace, every person so offending
shall be deemed gui ty of a high misd -
meanor, and shall be fined not exceed
ing three thousand dollars,and imprison
ed not more than three years; and this
law has been executed and enforced, to
the full ext nt ofthe power of the Gov
i ernment, lr on th t day to this.
In proclaiming and adherng to the
doctrine of neutrality mid non interven
tion, the U, States have not followed
the lead of other civilized nations;they
have taken the lead them-clves, and have
been followed by others. This wasad
mitted by one of the most em nent of
mod rn British statesmen, who sai l in
parliament, wh lea minister ofthe
crown, .“that, it ho wished for a gui !e
a system ofneu rality, he should lake
that laid down by America iu ihe days
of Washington and.the secretaryship of
Jefferson;” and we see in fact, Mat the
act of Congress of 1818 was follow and,
the succeeding year, by an act of the
parliament of England,substantially the
same in its general provisions- Up to
hat time, there had been no similar law
in England, except c rtain highly penal
statutes passed in the reign ofGeorgell,
prohibiting E iglish subfects from enlist
ing in foreign service, the avowed ob
ject of which statute was, that foreign
armies, raised for the purpose ot restor
ing the house of Stuart to die th one,
should n t be strentheued by recruits
from England herself.
Ail inustsee that difficttlti-'s may arise
in carrying the I uvs refered to intoexe
cution in a country now having three or
four thousand miles of scacoast, with an
infinite number of ports and harbors
and small inlets, from some of which
unlawful expeditions may suddenly set
forthc, without the knowledge ot gov
ernment, against the possessions ot
fereign States.
Friendly relations with all, but en
tangling alliances with none, has long
been the maxim with us. Oyr true mis
sion is not to propagate our opinions,
or impose upon other countries our
form of government, by artifice or force
but to teach by example, and show by
our success, moderation and justice,
the blessings of self-government, and
the adv antages of free intdinion-. Let
every people choose for itself, and
mate and alter its political institutions
to suit its o.vn condition and conveni
ence. But, while we avow and main
tain this neutral policy ourselves, we
are anxious to see the same forbearance
on the part ofother naions, whose forms
of government are different irons our
own. The deep interest which we sees
in the spread of liberal principles and
the establishment, of free governments,
and the sympathy w ith which we witness
every struggle against oppression, for
bid that we should bi indifferent to a
case in which the strong arm ot the for
eign power is invoked to stifle public
sentiment and repress the spirit ct free
dom in any country.
ENGLISH AND FRENCH INTERFERENCE.
The governments Great Britain an 1
France have issued orders to their na
val commanders on the West India sta
tion to p event, by force if necessary, the
landing of adventurers from any na
tion on the island of Tuba with hostile
intent. The copy ofthe memberandum
of a convention on this subject between
the Charges d’Affaires of her Britanic
Majesty and the Acting Secretary of
State, and of the subsequent note of the
former to the Department of State, are
herewith submi ted, together with a co
py of th i note of the Acting Secret rv
of the State to the minister ofthe French
republic, and ofthe replv of the latter,
oil the same subject. These papers
wid acquaint you with the grounds of
the interposition ot the two leading com
mercial powers of Europe, and with the
apprehensions, which this government
could not tail to entertain, that such in
terposition, if carried into effect, might
lead to abase in derogation of the mar.
itime rights ofthe United States. The
maritime rights of the United States are
founded on a firm, secure and well de
fined basis; they stand upon the ground
of National Independence and public
law, and will be maintained in all their
full and just extent.
The principle which this‘Government lias
heretofore solemnly announced it still adheres
to, and will maintain under ail circumstances
and at all hazards. That principle, that in
every regularly documented merchant vessel,
the crew who navigate it, and Those on board
of it, will iind tiieir protection in the flag
which is over them. No American ship can
be allowed to be visited or searched for the
purpose of ascerfaitdug the character ot indi
viduals oa board, nor can there be allowed
an y w itch by the vessels ou the coasts ot
the United States or the seas adjacent there
to. It will be seen by Ihe last communica
tion from the British Charge and Affaires to
the Department of State, tint he is author
ized to assure the Secretary of State that ev
ery care will be taken tint, in executing ihe
preventive measures agiinst the expeditions,
which the United States Government ltsod
has denounced as not being entitled to the
protection of .any government, no interference
shall t ike place with ihe law u’ commerce ot
any nation.
In addition to th *. correspondence on this
snhh'ci, herewith submitted, official intorina-
Iris been roeehvd at the Department of
State, rs .a-..sMrnncos by the it rcncn gowin
m lit That, ill tiio orders given to ih • Trench
“A farce*) they w instructed,
Vi any op.irati.Hi s they might engage in, to
...v il-ig ill vlio United Si-ates w oetc
over it might appear, and to commit no act it
ho4t dirv up >n oi v vessel or arm miout un
der its protection.
slavish consul at xf.’.v Orleans.
Ministers and consuls of foreign nations
■re the means and agents of communication
between iis and those nations, and it is ot- he
ut-uo t importance that, v, iiiie residing in
die. comirrV, they she lid feel a perfect s v.ii
rity so lon r as they faith tally discharge tinur
respective and iti can i ar • guilty of no viola
tion of our laws. This is the admitted law
of nations, and no country lias ad eeper inter
est. i.i maintaining it than the U.niteu •"t.-ites.
Our commerce spreads ovtfvevery sea an 1 vi
sits every clime, and our ministers mid con
suls are appointed to p oteet the interests ot
Mat commerce, as well as to guard the peace
ofthe country and maintain the honor of its
dag. But how c m they discharge those du
ties unless they be themselves protected, it
in :st be by the laws of the country in vruieh
they reside. And what is due to our own
public function.uy residing in ioriegn nations
is exactly ihe measure, of wh it is due to the
f .netionarics of other governments r-si ling
here. As in war, the be uv.rs ot flags of
truce are sacred, or else wars would be inter
minable, so in peace, embassadors, public
luinis-ers, and consuls, charged with friend
ly national intercourse, are objects of espe
cial respect and protection, each according to
the rights belonging to his rank and station.
In vi"w of these important principles, it
is vit i in >rt fcilion ami regr-1 I announce
to you that, that timing the excite
ment crowing out of the executions at Hava
na. the office of her Catholic Majesty’s consul
at New (Means, was ass tiled by a mob, his
property destroyed, the Spanish fl ig found
in the office earned off and torn in pieces,
and he himself induced to lice lor liis person
al saf-.ty, which h j suj p rse 1 to be in danger.
Oil r ‘ceiving intelligence of tliese events, 1
forthwith directed the attorney of the. Unit.-.!
States, residing at New Orleans, to impure
into.the Lets and the extent of the
pecuniary loss sustained by the consul, with
the intention of haying !h mi befo-e you, that
you might m ike p:ovision for such iudeinnity
to him as a just re gird for the honor of the
n uion and the respect which is due to a
friendly po\’ e • might, in your judgment, seem
to require. The correspondence upon this
subject between the Secret try of State and
her Catholic Majesty’s minister plenipotenti
ary, is herewith transmitted.
The occurrence at New Orleans has led
me to give my attention to the state of our
laws in regard to f >reign ambassadors,minis
ters, and eon-oils. 1 think the legislation of
the country is deficient in not providing suf
ficiently cither for the protection or the pun
ishment of consuls. I therefore recommend
the subject to the consideration of Con
gress.
RECIPROCAL TRADE.
Your attenton is again invited to the question
of reciprocal trade between the United Stales and
Canada, and other British possessions near our
frontier. Overtures for a convention upon this
subject have been received from her Britanic
Maj esiy's M nist -r l’k-njiotetitiary, but it seems
lobe in many respects preft ruble that the matter
should be regulated by reciprocal legislation. Do
cuments are laid before you showing the terms
wli’di the British government is willing to offer,
an l the measures which it may nd<st, it some ar
rangement upon this subject shall not be made.
OREGON IIOCNDAUY.
From the accompanying copy of a note from
the British Legation at Washington, and the re
ply of tho*l)epartincnt of Stnte thereto, it will ap
p'-■ that her Briao : e Majesty's government isdo
s rous thatpart of the boundary line between
Oregon and the British possessions should be au
thoritatively marked ovt, and that an intention
was expressed to apply to ( ongress for an appro
priation to defray tile expenses thereof ou the part
ofthe United States. Your attention to this sub
ject is accordingly invited, and a proper appropri
ation recommended.
CLAIMS OS roItTUSAL.
A convention for the adjustment of claims <>
eitzens of the Uu ted f.*ta s against Portugal, has
been condoled, and the ratifications have
beon exchanged, ‘i’ll fi ;t instalment of the a
m unit to be paid by i'oruigal fell daeon the
of rtep'einber last, and has not been paid.
The Press!out of the French Republic, accord
ing to the provisions of the e invention, has hem
sole -ted a- arbiter in the rise ofthe G noral Arm
strong ; all 1 has signified that he accepts t ic trust
and the high satisfaction he feels in acting a the
com a hi fr.eii 1 of t-,vo nations, with which Prance
is unhe i by sentiments of sincere and last ng am
ity.
Tim SUEI.IME I’OltTE THE HUNGARIAN'S,
1 h' l Turkish Government has expressed its
thanks for the k m 1 reception given to the Sultan’*
agent. Am n Boy, on the oeeasion of Ids recent
v.sit -o the United States. On the 28-hot’ Feb
ruary last a despatch was addressed by the Secre-
tary of Slate to Mr. Marsh, the American Miivs
ter at C<m!autmoplo, instructing him to ask of
the Turkish government permission for the Jiua
g.irians, then imprisoned within the dominions of
tbe Sabi:me Porte, to remove to this country. On
the il l of March, last, both Houses of Congress
pass,*d a resolution requesting the President to
authorize the employment of a public vessel to con
vey to tirs country Louis Kossuth and his associ
ates ill captivity.
The instruction above referee! to was com
piled with, and the Turkish govc rurnent having
released Governor Kossuth and liis companions
from prison, on the lOili of September last, they
embarked on board the United States steam
frigate Mississippi, which was selected to carry
into iff ct tiie resolutions of Congress. Gover
nor Kossuih lef- the Mississippi at Gibraltar,
for the purpose of making a vi-it to England,
and may shortly lie expected in New York.—
By communications to the Department of State
he has expressed his grateful aekiiowledgnv'tits
tor the interposition of this Government in behalf
of himself ami his associates. This com try has
1"“ h justly regarded as a safe asylum for tlio.se
vrbom political events have exiled from their
ow i h ones in Europe; ami it is reenmmen ed
to Congress to consider in what manner Gov
ernor Kossuth and his companions, brought
hither by its authority, shall he received and
treated.
T IE SANDWICH ISLANDS.
It is earnestly to ba hope i tint th > di Ft
ences winch Invc* for some time post b—n
pending betwj-ii the government of th ■
French republic an 1 tint of tin S in Iwic’i Is
lands, may be pe ic ably and durably adjusts I
so as to secure Ihe indftponder.ee of those is
lands. Long before the events witieii have
of late imparted so much interest to t lie pos
sessioasof the U. fS. on the Pacific, we ;ie
knowledgedtlie independence of H iwjian gov
eminent. This gov rnment was the first in
taking that step, and several of the leading
powers of Europe immediately followed.
We were influenced in this measure by the
existing and prospective importance of the
islands as a place ot refuge ami refreshment
for our vessels engaged in the while fishery
and by the consideration that they lie in the
course ofthe great trade which must, at no
distant day, ha carried on between the wes
tern coast of North America and Eastern
Asia.
We were also influenced by a desire that
those should not pass under the control of
any other great maritime State, but should
remain in an indepenpent condition, and so
be accessible and useful to the commerce of
all nations. I need not say that the impor
tance of these considerations has been great
ly enhanced by the sudden and vast develop
ment which the interests ofthe United Stab's’
have attained in California and Oregon; and
the policy therefore adopted in regard to
those islands will be ever steadily pursued
It is gratifying not only to those who
consider the commercial interests of nations
but also to all who favor the progress of
knowledge and the diffusion of religion, to
seen community emerge from a savage
state and attain such a degree ot civilization
ia those distant seas,
INVASION OF MEXICO.
It. is much to be deplored that the internal
tranquility of the Mexican Republic should
again be seriously disturbed; tor since tue
peace between that republic and the United
States, it had enjoyed such compur itivc . re
pose tbit the most favorable aiuieipati ms
for the future night with a degree ot confi
dence, have been in lulg.-d. Tn.'se h’'vvev r
h ive been thwarted bv the recent outbreak
in th • State f Tim tulip son the rig! t bank
of tlie Rio bravo. Having received the in
formation i!i .t parsons tivm the United
h id tak et :>■ pirt in the insurrection, nnd ap
prehending tint their e.x nnpie might bo IM
j, ibv oils “s 1 cans -d orde -s tube issued
for the purpose of piv.vemi ig any hostile ex
•v litmus ag sin 4 M -vieo from hoing sot .on
foot in viol t.oii ot tlir. 1. ‘s ot the United
States. I likewise issu ‘d a proolam ifion on
the subject n copvof which is herewith laid
before you. This appeared to be rendered
imperative by the obligation of trente sand
the general duties of th ir good nei.-hbor
hood.
TE HUA XT EFEO RAIL ROAD.
Ii my 1 ist message, 1 i.ufonne 1 Congress
that citizens of the United States had nmlerta
ken the eonn-xion of the two oceans hy
me ns of a r film id .across the Isthmus ot i e
1m ;ntepee, under a grant id the Mexican gov
ernment to a citizen of that republic,: and that
this enterprise would probably be prosecuted
with energv whenever Mexico siioum con
sent to such siipul.itions with the govern
ment- oi* the United States as should impart
a feeling of-eewitv to those who sh.iukl in
vest their property in the enterprise.
A convention between the two gove-rn
iii mts for IV aee-iniplisliinent of ill it end has
1> i, n r iti i-i I !>.* thi.-s government, and only
awa ts ; li! decision oi’the Congress and the
Executive of that republic.
Some unexpecte 1 ditlieulties and delays
hive arisen in the ratification of that conven
tion bv M-'.xico. hut it is to be presumed th-.t
her decision will be governed by just and on
lightened views, as well of the genera! im
portance ofthe object, as of their own inter
ests and obligations.
In negotiating upon this important subject
this Government has had in view one, nnd
only one, object. That object has been, and
is, the construction or attainment of a passage
from ocean to ocean, the shortest and lies’
fir travelers and merchandise, and iqnallv
open t'i all the world. If. has sought to ob
tain no territorial acquisition, nor .any advan
tages peculiar to itself, and if would see. widi
the. greatest r g et. that Mexico should op
pose any obstacle to the accomplishment of
: n enterprise which promises so much con
venience to tie’ whole commi r iu! world 1 and
such eniincr t advantages to I\b x'co herself.
Imcressed with these sentiments .-ml’ tlmse
convictions. the Government will continue to
exert ali proper efforts to bring about the
neces.s-trv arrangement with th - republic of
Mexico for the speedy completion of the
work.
JflC ARAGUA.
For some months, past the republic of
Nicaragua has been tlio ‘ theatre of one of
those civil convulsions, from which the cause
offree. institutions, and the general prosper
ity and ,-oci.al progress ofthe St des of Cen
tra! America, have so often and so severe]v
suffered. Until quiet shall have been restor
ed, and a government apparent!v stable shall
have l>e<>n organized, no advance can pru
dent! v he made in disposing of the Question
pending be t Venn the two countries.
lam happy to announce th t the inter
oeo'mie communication from the mouth of
the St. John to the Pacific has been so far
accomplished ns that passengers have actu
ally traversed it and merchandise has been
tr msoorteM over it: and when the canal shall
have been completed, accordingto'the origin
al plan, the means of communication will be
further improved.
taxama rail Rom.
Tt is understood th t a considerable part
of the railroad “cross the Isthmus of I’ana
ma has been eomo’efe.b ."Jth-if. the mail
and passengers w : !l in future he conveyed
tbo-r.r, n .
Whichever of the serm-.M routes between
the t>vo ncnns may- n'timatejv prove most
eligible for travelle-s to an,} from the differ
ent the At'a,.f„ andGulfofMe.xi
eo and oureoacf 0., f} K , fbere are no
reasons to de„bf that .all of them will be ns
ful to tbe ngVic .and will !i(><■•- •!!•• reward
that individual enternriso. l,v wliii it alorio
they lmve been or nra expected to be carried
into effect.
ST. P'IJIIMCO.
Peace lms b/rn oonchidcd between Ibc
contendin'* v...ft.,', the .‘stand of St. I)<>-
mingo, a-.-l ‘f is honml upon a dur bln basis.
Sucli is *’.p n-io n f of our commercial rel.-i
----t’ ins v.it’’ Irf island, that the t. ■if • 1
St: Us e f|! fn feci a strong interest iu
its tiMnq; ‘l‘*g
m’.ntT-Tjx-n T ) CHINA.
The ofii.'f. of CmniuLsioiicr to China re
mains unfilled so.i i'.d pi-rsoi:.-; it.'iCo been up
pointed, and ii;u pi.-ce has been offered to
others, a ! l of whom innedeclined its uceepf
ar.ee, on the ground of the inadequacv of
Ilie c.auiiiaiis iiion, T.ie annual allowance
by law is s'X thousand dollars, i.nd there is
no provision for any outfit. I earnestly re
commend. tlie. cm lideratimi of tills subject to
Congress. Our commerce with China is
highly important, and is becoming more a nd
more so, jin consequence of the increasing in
tercourse |>, t .veen our ports on tin 1 T'acine
coast mid Eastern A sit. China is understood
to be a country in ‘’diich living is very ex
pensive, and I know of no reason why Pie
American Commissioner suit thither should
not be. placed in regard to compensation, on
an equal footing wt i ministers who repre
•sei t this country at the courts of Europe.
THE FINANCES.
By n foreneo t > the It -port of the Seen -
tiry of tiic Treasury, i. will be see!! lli.it the.
aggregate receipts for the l ist fiscal year
amounted to $52,312,979 87 : which with
Ihe bibmc! in (lie Treasury on the 1-t July,
1850, gave, as the available moans for the
year, the sum of § 18,917,52-1 36.
J’li; total exponditures for the same peri
od were §4B,(L 5 378 08.
Thu total imports for the year ending 30tli
June 1851, were §215,725,! 9 >
Os which there were in specie.. -1,0(>7.1 01
The exp’ts lbr same period were §217 517 150
Os which there were of domes*
tie products. ... §178,04'),555
Foreign goods, re
exported 9.738.095
Ep.vi” 29,231. Aid
§217,517,13)
Since the Ist of D.wember last the pay
ments in cash < n account of the public d<-iit
exclusive of intercut have amounted to §7,t
501,250 55: which, however, includes th-’
sum of §.J,212,409 paid.nnder the 1 ith arti
cle of tiie treaty with Mexico, and the fur
ther sum oi §2 591,213 55, being fhe’amomd
of awards to American citizens under the
l-'dc tr tty with Mexico, for which the issue
of stock was authorized, but which was paid
in cash from the Treasury,
The public debtorj Up?, 20th ultimo, exclu
sive i I the stock authorized to be issued to
Texas by the act of 9'.h of September, 1850
was $62,560,39q25.
The receipts tor the next fiscal year are
estimated at §51,800 0)0, which, with the
probable unappropriated balance in Uie Treas
ury, on the Q.h June next, will give, as the
probable available means for that year, the
sum of § ‘3.253,743 Q 9.
It has been deemed proper in view cf the
large expenditures consequent upon the ac
quisition of territory from Mexico; that the
estimates for the next fiscal year should be
laid before Congress in such a manner as to
distinguish the expenditures so requit'd
from the otherwise oidinary demands up.-a
the Treasury.
The total expenditures for the next f;. and
year are estimated to §42,892,29919 of
which there is required for the ordinary y ‘■"*
poses of the Government, other than t!.<>
consequent upon the acquisition of our new
Territories, ahd deducting the payment,
account of the public debt, the sum ot s
343,19 01: and for the purposes com;,”
directly or indirectly ft with fthoec Tonit
and in tlio fulfillment ofthe obligation,
the Government, contr .cted [in’ corscqiif
of their acquisition, the sum t 5 9 1,
11.
If thwviews of the Secretary of theTn
uryin reference to the expenditures nan:
for these Territories shall To. met by con
ponding action on tee part of Congress,
appropriation, made in accordance tin row
there will be an estimated uaapprt.jiri;.
balance in the Treasury or. ti.e both j,
1 -sd. ; 0 38 i,4 t.i 9), wherewith to meett
portion of the public debt due on the i
July foiiwiffg, .amounting to .c-,0 2iT.O.'j
. s weil S .any np r pri itions w hich may
made 1 e. ond the estimates.
1 i thus referring to the estimated ov
ditu.’es on account, of our newly ncmiirotlt
ritorios. f m-iy e.xpress the hope that (’
gross will concur with me in the desire tl
liberal course of policy may de pursued
wards them, and that every obligation
press or implied, entered into in conscqnc’
of tini a-quis t on, shall be fulfil ed !, v
most liberal appropriations f,r that V
pose. 1
RXroKTs.
The value of our domestic exports f,, r t I
last fiscal year, as compared with those
the previous year, exhibit an increase Se
616,322. At” first view, this condition otV
trade with foreign nations would ‘
present the most flaUering hopes 0 f its t
tore prosperity. An examination of th- “
tails of our exports, however, will slier I
the increased value ot onr exjviits },..
last fiscal year is to he fonnd in the J ..
price. < fcotton which prevailed durino- •
first h.-.!f of that veer, which pi lee hi.s's'-
declined about one half.
‘l ive value of our exports of bremW
an i provi-ioiis, which itvas suppose 1 this*
’.lie incentive of a low tariff'and l.,rge ii i,”
tations from abroad would have greatly g
mento 1. ii ,s fallen from 1505,7i)1921. hi ],j
to .8 6(U137.1 in l'sa>, and to ijiel,
in 1 ‘Oi, with a strong probubil.tv, aniountim
almost to a certainty, of a still further r-dj
tion in the current year.
The aggregate values of rice exported
the last tisi'.al year, as compared with the pm
year, also exhibit a decrease amounting tote.
917, which, with .-ulecline ill the values of the.
|s>rls of tohacco for the same period, made nn -j
gregate decrease in these two articles ofil ]y
7b 1.
The pol'ey wfiich dictated a low rate nfdnt*
on fore go inerehan.lise, it was thought by th.c
who promottd i'-nil ustohfshed it, would tend io
h. la-tit the (arming population of this comitrv.h
in.-reas ng ihe demand and raising the prig s ’
agr.euiiur.il products in lorcigri markets.
The forego'ng hu ts, however, seem to slimy.
eonu-st.hly t.hat in such result has t| :#
adoption ol lias J s*l, ey. On the eonlrary. not
withstanding the repeal ofthe restrictive co'riilawi
in England, the foreign demand lor the prmlMi
of the Amer'ean tanner, has*s;eaifly ileelinod,
since the short, eroris and consequent famine in a
portion of Europe have hem happily replaced h
lull erojw and comparative ahiiiidanee ot food.
It will bests n, by recurring to the eonmienii
statistics for the past year, that the value of inn
doinestie exports has been iner. a-nl in ihe singL
item of raw cotton by $-10,000,11'd0 over the valit
of that export lor the year preceding. This is w
due to any increased general deimuul for that is
tide, but tlie short erop of the preccilitur v
which created au. increased, and an angiivnu-l
price for the crop last year. Should the eottna
crop now going forward to nniiket lie only iquiil
in quantity to that ot the year preceding, and fcs
sold at the pn-smt prices, then there woaUtxi
falling off in the value of our exports for the pr
ent fiscal year of at h ost $40,000,000, eompsnl
with the amount exported for the year ending 7.
June, 1851.
The production of gold in California for tlie pi
yoar seems to promise a large supply of that n..
from that quarter for some time to conic. Tj
large annual increase of the eorrencj of them-;
must be attended with its usual results. Tl
have been already partially disclosed in tlie •
h.-ineemi nl of pr cos and a rising spirit of
tion and adventure, tend ng to overtrading, asv.
at home :;s abroad. Unless some salutary eh*,
shall be giv-n to these tendencies, ii is to be for
that importat'ons ot'foreign goods heyoml alu-i
demaint in this country, vv II lead toaruildi-ndn
of the prec ous metals fr. tn us, tu-iiiging with
as it. has done in former times, the most disastn
consequences to the business and capital oft:
American j t o le.
The exports of spteeio to liquidate our fori-i;
debt daring the past fiscal year have Ik-pii
263,97!) over the amount of sjxscie imported.-
The exports of specie during the first quarter
the present fiscal year have been $ l-l.tio l .827.-
Shoul.l s|K'eie coutinne to be exported at this 1*
for the remaining three quarters of this year,,
will drain f-imi onr metal! e currency during ti*
year ending 3ffth June, 1852, the enoruioua s
ii:onnt of v;.';S,iio’ ,:iilS.
in the pr.-si nt pro-perocs eon lition ofthenatinf
at finances, it vvdl become the duty of Congress#
consider the is-st rno.!e if paying off the publl
debt, l! the present and anticipated surplus in th
Treasury should not ho absorbu 1 by appropriating
of au t .x:r..orii imrv chrracter. this surplus slimilJ
be emp!ov‘d in such way. and under sueli reatrie
tions,as Clou rress may enact, in extinguishing tk
ouTs’.ati.l ng debt of the nation.
TEXAS CI.A IMF.
By refi renee 1o ihe a.-t of Congress tippWThl
Ofh Sept., ! -S.>l!, it will he well that, IncoiKdrfF
tiori of cvrtaln comas- < ns U\ the State of
it- i-< provided that the “U. Slates shall -reff'tff >--'•■
.S'iweof T- ilc sum oft: m millions of il.'liars, in
a stuck hearing.") per ct. interest, awl roleemaUt
at tile -. ii- * of 1 i vc-ii's, the inUrest payable half
yearly. at the Treasuryjtf thu 1 idled Aaitv*
hit':,- same section -,f ihe law it is fwrtber pro
vided “that no more than five niiilioms F.“aid
stock sliai! lie issued until tia crediti ! tbe StrA
liol.-I.ih; bonds and other (■'-r:'ficrit--s of stork m
PexAs, for vvh eii dntl'-s were special!}’ pledged,
firsr i*)c‘ ;tt. i.'jo trunufirv o! ihu t .Stalesn
sof ,*i!♦ u!:/nis ru>.’i:rist tfu* U. S. tor on no
count or <* itHv-.itus?, in .siicli fnrin u
shall bo pn.*N* nb {hv ?}*? S-cntnrv tlieTr*.v
sitry, and app-rov- <1 b • tlio I’rcsiucnt of the United
Btilt,
1 he form of release thus prov ded for has boi-n
prescribe-! by the Seeft-tm-y e-f the Treasury. *’
approved, p has beef! published ‘ll all lie: less
ing l.C'.vs| i-r in the comuurc'ai cities ofthe I
-and all ;h roms hold ng eiaiuis of the kind
spci'ifieil in the foregoing proviso were reporuil
’ tile their releases fm the form thus prescriln'il) I*
the Trca-ury jif the United States, on or before
the Ist day of Oct 1851. Although this pnbSrt*
lion has Ik-ch continued from the 25th day"!
March, ]K5], vet up to the Ist of Oct last com
paratively few releases had been filed by the cred
itors of Texas.
The authorities of the State ofTcx.os, at the re
quest ol the S eretary ofthe Treasury, have furu
isluil a schedule of the public debt of that .Slav
created prior to h- r adrii'sslon into the- Union, with
a copy of the laws under which each class ww*
contracted.
1 have, from t]e Io- n- 1 ,0afs furnished by tl®
State or Texas, determined the classes of fiaim*
which in my judgment tiff] w tliin the provision*
of the net of Congress of the 9;h of Sept. ! 850.
fait being i-flic:.illy informed ofthenca-cptancehi
Texas of the propositions contained in the net. rr
f< rred to. I caused the slock to he ]h-cjaired, and
the five liril'ons wli'eli are to be issued uncolfli’
tiomillv, ixai- iig an interest of 5 per cent, from
the Ist of dan. 1851. have been for some time
ready to be delivered to the State of Texas. Th®
authorities of Texas, up tlie jiresent time, have
authorized any one to receive tliis stock, and it re
mains hi the Treasury Department, subject to tin
vrder of Texas.
Tne releases, ivq i'red by lav.- to be ill posited id
the 1 ivasury, not having been filed there, tliore
ina ding five millions have not been issued. Tbs
last amount of the stock will be withheld fe©
1 exes until p!,e eqnditiens jifKiii g liieli it is to ba
delivered shall he complied with by the credit®! 8
of tiiat Btaie, unless (.jongrees si tail otliorwiso di
rect by a nioaifieatign of tiie law.
THC tariff.
In my last annual message, to v. liich I respect
fully refer, I stated briefly the reasons which in
duced me to recommend the modification of tlw
present tariff, by converting the ad valorem into a
specific duty, wherever the article imp B® 1 ! ‘v©' lo ’
such a character as to permit it, and that such a
discrimination should ire made, in favor of tiie in
dustrial pursuits of our own ooantry. ns to encour
age home production without excluding foreign
competition,
Tiie iiunierous frauds witch ennfinue to be prac
ticed upon the rev: nue, by salsa invptcp anl *’
derva!nations, constitute rjt uaacswerablft re-i' lIU
for adopting specific instead of :ul valorem oatirf
m ail e.arv* where the nature of the eonimo I }’
do* not forbid it. A striking illustration of the
frauds will he exhibited :u the Report of the Seva
tary of the Treasury, showing the eustom-hous®
valuation of articles imported un lor a former a
subject to specific duties, when there was n°
duceuient to undervaluation,and the custom-li |,a
valuations of the same articles, uuder the pre*'-*