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BY JAMES W. JONES
The Southern Whig,
PUar.ISIIKD KVItRY SATURDAY MORNING.
TERMS.
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Notice of the sale of Land mid Negroes, by
Administrators, Executors, or Guardians,
must be published sixty days previous to the
day of sale.
Ths sale of personal Property, in like manner,
must be published forty days previous to
the day es sale.
Notice to debtors and creditors of an estate must
be published forty days.
Notice thst Application will be made to the Court
of Ordinary for Leave to sell Land or Ne
groes, must be published four months.
Notice that Application will be made for Letters
of administration, must be published thirty
•ays and Letters of Dismission, «ix months.
For Advertising —Letters of Citation. S 2 <5
Notice to Debtors and Creditors, (40 days) 325
Four Months Notices, , 400
Sales of Personal Property by Executors,
Administrators, or Guardians, 3 25
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Other Advertisements will be charged 75cents
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time as a new advertisement. For a single
insertion, §1 00 pvr square.
“Sr’ <S©©wT =
JW. JONES, is now receiving and open-
• ing at his Store, his supplies of
FAIX &, WINTEH GOOES,
which combine! with Lis former Stock, render
his assortment very complete.
English Straw Bonnets.
A ease ofhandsome English Straw and Florence
Bonnets, iust received and for sale, bv
J. W. JONES.
Oct. 14,-24—if
NEGRO SHOES,
900 pairs Superior Negro Shoes for sab- bv
J. W. JONES.
Oct 14.— 21— ts
LIVEBY STJXBtLB.
HPHE Undersigned has just opened n LIS E
*■ RY STABLE in the Town of Athens,
immediately in the rear of Mr IL A. Fraser's
Store, where he will keep on hand
VEHICLES OF
nr.sen iptio,?;
ALSO
t; o o m 3 in s-
Ts®& '
mta* ' l f i »
'rihj-caao.iiY'i s
And well broke
H AR.MSS HORSES
To Hire,
Persons wishing to travel, can be accommo
dated with Carriages nnd Horses nt a]] times
His Vehicles have not yet arrived, but are ex
pected by the first ofthe Spring. He will also
take on Livery the horses of any one wishing to
place their horses under his charge.
P. M. WELLS.
Jan. 27 89 ts.
GEORGIA. HALL COUNTY.
BMT’HEREAJ*. Ambrose Kennedy, Adminis-
• « trator ofthe Estate of Edward Harrison,
deceased, applies t» me for Letters of dismission,
This is therefore to cite and admonish all and
singular the kindred and creditors of said de
ceased, to be and appear at my office within the
time prescribed by law, to shew cause (if any
they have) why said letters should not be grant
ed.
Given under mi hand, this 20th day of Octo,
her, 1537.
E. M. JOHNSON, o. c. o.
Oct. 21, —2A—6iu
T<OUR months afterdate, application will be
made to the Inferior Court of Clark county,
when sitting for ordinary purposes, for leave
to sell tho real Estate of John A. Strickland,
deceased.
MILLINGTON SCOGGINS, Adm’r.
Feb. 10,-41—Im
GEORGIA. MADISON CO UNT Y.
HEREAS, Elisha Ware, applies for Let
▼ » tersof Administration on the Estatoof
Edward Ware, jun., of said County deceased.
This is therefore to cite and admonish all, and
singular the kindred and creditors oi eaid de
ceased, to be and appear at my office, within the
time prescribed by law, to shew cause (if anv
they have) why said letters should not b<*
granted.
Given under my hand, this Bth day of June
ary, 1836.
WILLIAM SANDERS, ? e o.
feb. 10,-41— Icq
Southern Chig.
ligneous.
From the Louisville Journal.
THF. FALLEN ONE.
The lark sings blithely and the wild-flowers bloom
In summer time above his pulseless breast;
And low winds moan around the silent tomb
Where he unconscious hath his dreamless rest.
His heart is hopeless, and the vermeil dye
Which dwelt upon his lip hath passed away—
Death sleeps serenely on his brilliant eye
Which flashed with thought and glowed with pas
sion’s ray.
Oh, often to his brow in life's sweet spring,
Visions of hope and beaming beauty came I
And as the hours went by on rapid wing,
His spirit dreamed ot triumphs and of fame.
Soft as the lute when love’s hand sweeps its strings,
The rich tones were which dwelt upon his tongue.
But like the roar which o’er roused ocean rings,
W’hen on the wind Lis soul its passion flung.
He loved to climb the summit of the hill.
When each glad bird poured out its hear’- ia song ;
And walked delighted by the murmuring rill,
Which flashed in sunshine as it leaped along.
His fancy then, from themes romantic wrought
Wild tales of happiness and love's control;
Or traced the brilliant chain of thrilling thought
Which binds ambition to its glittering goal.
One gentle spirit mingled with his dreams,
And shared the empire of his heart with fame ;
Fairer than she ne’er strayed by fabled streams,
Or o’er the vision of rapt poet came.
He was the sunlight of her being’s world.
And she to him the poetry of life :
The slenderest tress which on her forehead C uried
Was talismanic o’er Lis spirit’* strife.
A charge came o’er him—years had flown away ;
His hopes a wreck were tossed on Passion's sea:
His feet from Fame's high paths had gone astray,
And from his heart had passed her melody.
The star who rose so brightly on his morn.
Now shone but dimly to his darkened view ;
High on excitement’s wave his soul was borne
Fur from the seenos where first his being grew.
His bark was oa the waters dark and wild.
And craxily upon its course was driven.
Though Love rose o'er him. and with accents lin'd
Strove to reclaim him back to love and heaven.
But Love’s appeal was vain;—the bowl—the game,
Had wrapped his spirit in a starless night;
And on the brow which once had burned for fame,
Were Scorn’s deep scowl and dark Suspicion's
blight.
Drunk with the fury of his maddensd brain.
With quivering step he pressed to Ruin's verge.
Beneath which roars an all-destroying main,
Where harpies’ shrieks break o'er the sounding
surge—
That night-bird, foul Remorse, above him wheeled.
And flapped her wings, and screamed loud o’er the
wave :
His vision wandered, and his spirit reeled,
And down he sank to an unhonored gave I
The lark rings blithely and the wild-flowers blocrn
In summertime above his pulseless breast;
And low winds nroan around the silent tomb
Where he unconscious hath his dreamless rest.
His heart is hopices, and the Term'd dyo
Which dwelt upon his lid hath passed away—
Death sleeps serenely on the brilliant eye
Which Sashed with thought andglowsd with passion’s
ray ! RIGZL.
From the Saturday Courier.
HENRY ST. CLAIR,
by j. o. wiiittii r.
Henry S'. Clair ! —How at the mention of
that mime a thousand dreams of friendship and
youth—atid ot the early and beautiful associa
tions which lingqrltke invisible spirits arom-d
as, to be called it.to view only by the m.igieul
influence of memory, are awakened ! How
does the glance of retrospection go back to the
i dim images of th- past —from the banquet ball
ad the pleasant festival, down to the silent and
[ in.broken solitude ofthe tomb.
We were as brothers in childhood—St. Clair
I nnd tnysnlf,—brothers too in the dawning of
I tnauhi od ; and a more ingenuous and high
[ minded friend I never knew. Yet ho wag
' strangely proud—nor of the world’s gifts—
wealth, family and learning—but of his intel
tactual power—ofthe great gift of mind which
: he possessed—the ardent mid lofty spirit which
she: o out in his every action. And he might
well be proud of such gifts. I never knew a
finer mind. It was as the emb.died spirit of
poetry itsi ts, the beautiful home of high and
-lorious aspirations.
Henry St. Clair was never at heart Chris
tian. He never enjoyed the visitations of that
pure and blessed influence, which comes into
the silence and loneliness of the human bosom,
to build up anew the broken altars of its faith,
and icyivo tho drooping flowers of its desola
ted aft' ctions. He loved the works of the
great God w ith tho love of an enthusiast.—
But bey it:d tho visible and outward forms—
I the passing riiagnificet.ee of the heavens—the
i beauty and giauc'eur of the ear'll, mid the il.
• lunitiible world of waters, his vision never ex
I tend 'd. [lts spirit never overlooked the clouds
j which surrounded it, to catch a glimpse ofthe
i better and more beautiful land.
i 1 need not tell the story of his young years,
it has nothing to distinguish it fiom a thousand
others, It is the brief and swnny biography
ofo.ie upon whose pathway the sunshine of
happiness tested, unshadowed by a passi .g
cloud. We were happy in our irioi.dship,—
but the time of tns-.h.....; smite ; and we were
par ed by our diffi rent i ten sis, a d by tnc
opposite tendency of circumstances peculiar
to each other, I
It was a night in autumn--a Cold and star-
I cess evening—l r< inembt r it w ith painful dis
> linctness,although vearal'ter year has mingled
‘ with eternity,—that I bad occasion to pass in
j my way homeward,through one of the dark
! est and loueli st alleys of my nativo city.—
Anxious to fea< ft my dw eiling. I was hurry
r g eagerly forward, when 1 fait myself sud
denly s< ized by the arm ; mid a voice close in
my ear w Lispcrcd hours*' ly, ‘"Stop | or you
are a dead man. 1 ’
1 turned suddenly, I heard the cocking of
a pist(>', a <1 saw by a fat t gleam from a neigh-
■ bon ,g wi <|ow. the ta'l figure of a man—one
i baud graspi' g my left arm, the other holding
a w eapon at mV breast.
1 know not v hat pmuiptcd me to resistance;
1 was totally unarmed, and allogetticr untie
qiiait.ted with the shuggle of mortal j-opaidj;
hut I did resist—and, one instant I saw my as
isailmit jit the posture 1 have described,—the
pest,lj£ ’>* >6? St-* beneath
•‘WHERE POWERS ARE ASSUMED WHICH HAVE NOT BEEN DELEGATED, A NULLIFICATION OF THE ACT IS THE RIOH TFUI. REMEDY. —Jej)erao ti ,
I me. It seemed as it an infant’s strength could
I have subdued him.
I “Wretch !” I examined, ns I held his own
pistol to his bosom, “ what is your object !
Are you a common midnight robber—ot beai
you aught of private malice towards Roger
Allston ?”
“ Allston ! —Roger Allston !” repeated th'
wretch beneath me, tn a voice which sounded
like a shriek, as tie struggled half upright ever
against the threatening pistol. “ Groat Gori !
has it come to this 1 Hell has no pang like
this meeting 1 Shoot I” he exclaimed, and
there was a dreadful earnestness in his man
ner, which sent the hot blood of indignation
cold and ice-like upon my heart. “ Shook
—you were once my friend —in mercy till!
me 1”
A horrible suspicion flashed over my mind,
I felt a sudden sickness at my heart, and the
pistol fe'l from my hand.
“ Whoever you may be,” I said, “ and
whatever may have been your motive in at
tacking me, I would not stain my hands with
your blood. Go, and repent of jour crimes.”
“ You do not know me,’, said the robber, as
with some difficulty he regained his feet ;
even you have forgotten me. Even you re
fuse the only mercy man can now nuder me
—the merev of ueiith—of utter annihilation !”
Actuated bv a sudden and half defined im
pulse. I caught hold ofthe stranger’s arm. and
hurried him towards the light of a street lamp.
It fell full upon his ghastly and death-like fea
tures, aud on his attenuated form, and his rug
ged apporei. Breathless and eagerlj’ I gazed
upon trim, until he trembled beneath the scru
ioy. I puflMK my hand against my brow,
for I felt rWßrain w hirl like the coming on of
delirium. I could not be mistaken. The guil
ty w retch before ms was the friend of my
youth—one whose memory I had cherished as
the holiest legacy of the past. It was Henry
St. Clair ! Yes ! it was St- Clair ! but how
changed since hist we had communion with
each other ! Where was the look of intelli
gence, and the visible seat of intellect—th<-
beaiity of person and mind 1 Gone ! and gone
fotever ; to give place to the loathsomeness of
a depraved and brutal appetite—to the vile to
kens of a disgusting sensuality, and tho defor
mity of disease.
“ Well may yeu shudder,” said St. Clair
“ 1 am fit only for the companionship of de
iii3“;*but y»U cannot long be cursed by my
nrusence, 1 have not 1“?’“*! f° o£ l **° r *‘ ;an y
day s ; hunger drove me to attempt your ion
berry—but, 1 feel that I am dying man. No
buinan power cau save m —and if there be a
God, even He cannot save me from myscif—
from the undying horrors of remorse.”
Shocked by his words, and still more by the
increased ghastliness of his countenance, I led
the wretched man to my dwelling, ai.d, alter
conveying him to bed, and administering n cor
dial to his fevered I pse, I ordered a physician
to be called. But it was too late ; the hand
of death was upon him. He meutioi>&d me
to his bed-side after the physician had depar
ted ; he strove to speak, but the words died
upon his lipse. Ho then drew from his bo
sori a sealed letter addressed to myself. It
was hi* last effort. He started halt upright ir:
his bed—uttered one groan of horror nnd mot
tai suffering, and su k back, still and ghastly,
upon his pillow. He was dead !
I followed the remains of my unhappy
friend to the narrow place appointed for ail the
living—the damp and cold church-yard. I
breath'd to no one the secret oi his name and
his guilt. I left it to slumber with him.
I now referred to the paper which hud been
h tt.ded me by the dying man- With trem
bling hand I broke the seal of the envelope,
and read the following addressed to myself:
“ If this letter ever reaches you, do not seek
to find its unhappy writer. He is beyond the
rot.ch of your noble generosity —a guilty and
a dying man. I do not seek for life. There
is no hope for my future existence —nnd death,
dark nnd terrible, and mysterious as it may
seem, i; less to be dreaded that, the awful real
ities with which I am
“ I have little strength to tell J'ou the story
of my fall. Let me be brief. Yau know how
we parted from each other. You know the
loftiy hopes and the fovverir-g feelings of ambi
tion, which urged me from your society—from
the enjoyment of that friendship, the memory
of which has ever since lingered like an up
braiding spirit, at my side. I arrived r.t my
place of destination ; and aided by tho intro
ductory epistler of my family, I was at once
received into the first and most fashionable cir
cles of the city.
“I never possessed (hose principles of vir
ture anu moral dignity, the effect of which has
been so conspicous in your own character.
Amidst the flatteries and attentions of those
around me, and in the exciting pursuits of
pleasure, the kindly voice of admonition vi as
unheard ; ai d I became the gayest of the
gay ; a leader tn every scene of fashionable
dissipation. The principles of tny new com
panions were those of infidelity, atid I embra
ced them with my whole soul. You know my
former disposition to doubt ; that doubt was
now changed into a betllcd unbelief, and a bit.
ter hatred towards all which 1 had onco been
tuught to believe sacred and holy.
“ Yet amidst the baleful principles which
1 had imbibed, one honorable feeling still lin
gered in my bosom, lik« ti beautiful angel in
the companionship of demons. Tnero was
one being, a young anti lovely creature, at
whose sbriue all the deep affections of my
heart were poured out, in the sincerity ot early
love. She was indeed a beautiful girl—a be.
ing to bow down to worship-—pure and high,
thoiighted us the sainted ones of paradise, but
confiding and artless as a child. She posses
sed every advantage of outward beauty—but
it was not that which gathered about her, as
with a spell, the hearts of all who knew her.
It was the light of her bmutifol mind which
lent the deep witching of soul to her fine
countenance—flashing in her dark eve, and
playing like sut shitie on her lip, and crossing
lier fair fort head with an intellectual halo.
“Allston! I look back to that spring-time
of love even at this nvv ful crisis of my destiny,
with a strange feeling ot joy. It is the only
green spot in the wilderness of the past—an
oasis io the desert of being. She loved nw,
Alls'on—at d a heart more precious than the
gems of thu east, was given up to a wretch
unworthy of its slightest regard.
“ Hitherto pride rather than principle* had
kept me above the lowest degiadation of sensu
al it diligence. But for one f.slal error I might
have boon united to the lovely being of my
affections ; anti oh! if si; ices purity and per.
suasive love cculd have had power over a
mind darkened and pervented aa tny own, 1
might bare Been reel-timed from the path way
of ruin—l might have been happy.
“ But that fatal ericr came ; and came too,
in the übhoricut ahsro of icatlnsotnc druoken-
ATHENS, GEORGIA. SATIRDAI, MARCH 3, I&38
1 ie«s. I shall never in time, or eternity forget
hat scene, it is ergraved on my memorj- i > let
‘ors office. It tomes up before me like a
terrible dream—iut it is a dream of reality.
It dashed from my lips the cup of happiness,
’and fixed foreverthe dark aspect of destiny.
“ I hud been vey gav, for there were happy
spirits around me: and I drank freely and fear
lessly for the first time. There is something
horrible in the fint sensation ot drut keness.
For relief 1 drank still deeper —and I was a
drunkard, I was deitross, I was happy, I left
the inebriated assembly, and directed my steps,
not to my lodgings, but to the home of her
whom I loved—lay, adorod, above all others.
Judge of her surprise and consternation when
I entered with a Hushed countenance and un
steady tread ! Ste was reading to her aged
parents, when with an idiot’s grimace I ap
proached her, Shi started from her seat—one
glance told her the fatal truth ; and she shrunk
from me—avc, from me, to whom her vows
were plighted, and her young affections given
—with fear, with lauthmg, and undisguised
abhorrence. Irritated at her conduct. I ap
proached her rudely, and snatched from her
hand the book which she had been reading, f
cast it into the flames, which rose brightly
from the hearth. I saw the smoke of its con
suming go tpwnrd like a sacrifice to the demon
of intemperance, and thero even there, bj’ that
Christian fire-side, I cursed the book and its
author.
“The scene which followed beggars de
scription. The shriek of my betrothed —her
sinking down into a state of insensibility—the
tears of maternal anguish —the horror depic
ted on the countenance of the old man—ail
these throng even now confusedly over my
memory, I staggered to the door. The recep
tion 1 had met with, and the excitement there
by produced had obviated in some measure the
effect of intoxication, & reason began to as
sume its empire. The full round moon was up
in the heavens—and the stars—how fair, how
passing beautiful they shone down at that
hour ! I had, loved to fo"k upon the stars—
those bright and blessed evidences of a holy
anil all-pervading intelligence ; but that ight
their grandeur tnd their exceeding pwiity
camo like a eurse to my weary vision. I
could have seen those beautiful lights extin
guished, and the dark t ight cloud sw< eping
over the fair face ofthe sky, ad have smiled
with grim satisfaction, for the change would
have been in unison with my feelings.
„ ‘a.!,.., t I h avs visited, in that tearless
agony which mocKs at
of my betrothed. She died of a broken heart.
From that moment, all is dark, and hateful, and
loathsome, io my history. I am reduced to
poverty—l am bowing to disease —-I am with
out a friend. I buvo no longer tho means of
subsistence; and starvation may yet antici
pate the fatal terruination of the disease w hich
is preying upon me.”
Such is the tale of tho once gifted and no
ble St. Clair. Let the awful lesson it teaches
sink deep in the hearts of the young and ar
dent of spirit.
MR. IVEHSTiK’g SPEECH.
0/i the Sub Treasury Bid.
IN SENATE, Wednesday, Jan. 31 1838.
“ Let the Go-»‘T(imetH attend to its own bu
siness, and Ist the People attend to theirs ”
“Let the Government take care, that it se
cures a Yound currency for its own use, and let
it leave nil the rest to the States, and to the
People.”
'j h< se onwious sentences, Mr. President,
have been ringing iti tny ears, ever since they
were uttered yesterday, bv the member from
New York. Let the Government take care of
itself, and sot the people take care of them
selves. This is the whole principle and policy
ofthe Administration, at the present most ciit
ical moment, and on this great and all-absorb
ing question of the currency.
Sir, this is an ill boding announcement. It
has IWiehig of consolation, of solace, or of hope
in it.
It will carry through all the classes of com
merce and business, nothing but more discour
agemet't, and deeper fears. And yet it is but
repetition. It is only a renew© 1 exhibition of
the same spirit, which was breathed by th,
Message, and the Bill ofthe last session, of
which this Bill is also full, ai d which has per
vaded all the recommendations, and all the
measures of Government, since Muy. Yet 1
confess that I am not, even yet, so familiar
with it, so accustomed to hear such sentiments
fivowed, as that they cease to astonish me. I
atn either groping in Kick and palpable dark
ness, myself, tn the objects ofthe Constitution,
atid the duties of Cotign »« under it, or else
these principles of public policy, thus declared,
ar© at war with our most positive and urgent
obligations. Ihe Hon. member m: de other
obse.rations indicative of the same general
tone of political let-ling. Among his dozen
topics of commendation of the bill before us, a
prominent one was, to shelter the Administra
tion, from that showi r of imputations, as he
expressed the idea, which would always bent
upon it, as it beats now. when disasters should
happen to the currency, indeed! And why
should tho Administration, now or ever, be
sheltered from that shower ? Is not currency,
a subject over which tho power nnd duty of
Government extend? Is not Government just
ly responsible for its condition ? Is it not of
necessity wholly, and entirely, under the con
trol and regulation of political power? Is it
not a matter, in regard to whiclb the people
cannot, by any possibility, protect themselves,
any more than they ean. by their own it,divid
ual efforts, supersede the necessity of the ex
ercise by Government, of ary other political
potver? Sir, the Goven uieut is justly answer
able for the disasters of the current y, buvi. g
always those accidents, which at all ttm< s can
not be foreseen or provided against. It is at
least atiswnuble for its own neglt ct, if it shall
be guilty of it. in not ext rcist g all its co sti
tutional authority for the correction, and n s
toration ofthe currency. Whv dots it, h< vv
can it, sht ii'k from this responsibi'itv ? Whv
does it retreat,from itsow duty? Why dots
it seek, not the laurels ct victory, not the repu
tation, even, of manly emits-, hut ti.e p> or
honors of Modi'd at d eager escape? Str, it
never can escape. 'File common s-use ol'ail
men proiiom ci s. that the Government ie, and
' tight tube, atid must be, answer ble forth©
regulation ofthe currency es tbe country;
that it ought to abide, and must abide, the pelt,
mgs of this btonn <>l imputation, so long as it
lui'its its Lack, upon tins momentous question,
and seeks to shelter itself m the sufs, arid the
vaults, the cells and the caver i. ot a Sub Trett,
sury systet’i. But. of afl govorumenih that ever
t-XW’t’d, the present Aihpitiis’,tu;;en has least
j excuse for withdrawring ftff cnTe-frwiH ifo- yu 1
rency. or shrinking from its just responsibili
in regard to it.
Its predecessor, in whose footsteps it prof .*■
ses to Herd, has interfered, fatally interfere"
w ith that subject. That ii t< rietenc;- wa ,an
has been, the productive ecus** of our cits- a ere.
Did the Administiation disclaim powet o'
the currency in 1833. when it rem'ved t.i
Dep« sites? And «hut meant all is subs
quei.t transactions., all its proft ssj< s, a- d a.
its efforts, for that better currency which i
promised, if in t ruth, it did tot hold itsel! r<
sponsible to the People of the United State.-,
for a good currency ? From 'he very first yeat
of th.- late Administration to the last, there mit
hardlv a session, if there was a single sessto .
in which this ritUV of Government was > ot ac
knowledged, promis s of high impiovetnej
put forth, «>r loud claims of merit asserted, so
j benefits already co fi-rred. It profess' d to
erect ti.e great temple of its glory on improve
rnents nf the currency. And, Sir. the better
currency, which has been so long promised,
was not a currency for the Government, hut :•
currency for the people. It was not for tin
i use of revenue merely., hut fi>r the use of th
whole commerce, trade and business ot th
r ation. And now. when the wh- 1° i dti.-tiy.
business, ar.d labor of the country, is h , it .sseo.
and distressed, bv the evils brought upon us by
its own iuterferei ce. Guyer meet talks with
[ all possible coolness, of the gr< as adva: t ge H
j will be to adopt a system which shall ,-hield it
I self from a thick-fallii'g shower ofimputatio s.
It disclaims, it renounces, it abandons its du
ties, and then se -ks an it glorious sh< Itr r.
We demand the h'-fter currency ; we i sist
on the fulfilment of the high ai d flatteri, g pro
mises ; ami surely there never was a GoV'T
merit on the face of the earth, that could, wi'h
less propriety, resist the demand; yet, we see
it seek refuge in a bold, cold, and h artless de
i nial of the competency of its <>wt> constitution |
al powers. It fulls back from its own tn der- i
takings, and flatly contradicts its own pribti j
sions. In mV opinion, it can fitid t.o refuge, i
where the public voice will not reach it. 1 here j
can be no shelter, while these times 1 ,st, i.i'o i
which Govi r inetit can retreat, and sen e., it- :
self from the loud voice of ’he C'-m try. calit
upon it to come forth tn fulfill ,ts promises, ot
at least, now that these promises are ail broke; , j
to perform its duties. Th" evils of a dtsnr .
dered currency are evils which do not nalu
rally correct or cure themselves. Nor does I
chance, or good hick, often relieve that com |
! munity which is stiff rr " under them They .
requt'e political rrm'-dy ; th< y require pr vis- i
ton to be tnude by Govs-r tn u.t; they itema .d ,
the skilful hand of experienced statesmen.— I
Until some just remedy he applied, they art
likely to co t:i ue, with mor ■ or less aggrasu
Hot), and no man can tell when or how they
will end. It is vain, th- refore, quite vai , t r
Government to hope that it may retreat from
this great dutt,shield itselfu-'d- r a system, u«
wav agreeing, either w ith its powirs or its
obligations, and thus escape repto.iches, by
attempting to escape responsibility.
Mr. President, there is fault, and fai'ure,
somewhere. Either the Constituti-in has fail
ed, or it* adiniiiistrniio: falls. The great er.-d
of a uniform and satisfactory regulation <4
commerce is riot arts’ cred, because the Na
tional currency, an itcdi-pei.sable instrumenl
of that commerce, is net preserved in a sou d
and uniform state am! manner.
Is the fault in the Co stitutio.n itself? These
w ho affirm that it is, must show bow it wus, if
tlj’itbc so, that other Admieistratioi s, in i.thet
UnieS, have been able to give the people übuttd
ant satisfaction in relation to the currency. I
suppose it will be said, in answer to this, t h-.t
the Constitution has been violated ; that it was
originally misconstrued; that thos< who made
it, did i ot understand it ; and that ths sage
and more enlightened politicians of our times
see deeper, and judge more justly, ofthe (.’on- ;
stitution, than Washington and Madison. Ci-r-1
<iin it is, that they have more n spent fortheir '
own sagacity, than for all the w isdom of oth
ers, and all the experience of th*- country; nr
* Ise they find themselves, by their party poh
tics, and party commitments, cut off from all j
ability of adinmisterii g the Constitution tic- j
cording to firmer successful practice.
Mr. President, whet: I contemplate'he con.
dition of the counlrv : when I b hold this ut
ter breaking down of 'he currency. th>s wide
spread evil augment, among all the industrious
classes, this acknowledg’d imibi'ity es Gov
ernmeni to pay its d bts, legally, this prostro.
tion of commerce and matufactures, this
shocking derangement of ii:t< rt a! t*»<’hange.
aid the general crash of credit and confi let-m;
and w hen I see, that three hundred Represen.
tati'es ofthe People are hire assen hied, to
consult on the public exigei cy ; and that, re
pudiating the w isdom cfetir predecessors, nnd
ri jecting all the lights of our own experiei ce,
nothing is proposed, for our adaption, to mee t
an emergency of this character, but th' Bill
before us, I confess, su, th'- whole scene seems
to mt- to be some strange illusion. I can hard
ly persuade mvself, th.4 we are all in oitr w, k.
i g set'Bi s. It stems like a dream, lik-' some
phantasy of the night, that the opening light of
the morui' g usually ■ ispels.
There is so little ofupparent relation <d’me;n s
to ends.; the measure before us, as it ppeurs
to me. has so little to promise, for the n ltei tis
existit g evils; it ts so alien, so outlandish so
abslt'dCteii, so remote from the causes u hit h
press down all the gr 'at public i tor* sts. that
I r< allv fi >d it difficult to regard aa real, v h.it
is thus ar"U d me. Sir, some ot us are strange,
ly in error, 'i'll" difit-re ce b> tween us is so
wide; the views "huh we take of public :if.
fairs so opostte; our opit iot s, both of the
causes of present evils, and their appropriate
remedies, so totally unlike, that one side or
theothei must be m der the ii flue ce of sou e
st range delusion. Tune, and the public jui'g.
ment, I trust, will, soota r or later, dispt is
these mists, a <1 men and tm asur. s will be
seen in their true charicter. 1 think, i. d <-d,
that 1 st e alreauj, sinie liftom up efthr fig.
I’he H"t.or< ble tte mix r liorn N> v Yoik h s
said, that we have now. alrt adv ’ xtsu g. :
mode of co dttcli'g the fiscal affairs ot iht
eiiUiilry, substantially sneli as that will b .
which this Bill will ■ stab'tsli. W< muj j dge
therefore, ne says, of the iutur' by ih present.
A sub.Tn asmy system, in fact, he coutet ds,
is now in operation ; and he hopt s the comarv
set sso much good in it, as io be w iking to
ake it permanent and perpetual.
'I he present system, he insists, must at least
be admitted not to have obstructed or impeded
the beneficial action ot the immense resources
"f the country. Sir. this seems to me a most
extraordinary dechn’atiut). The operation mid
energy of th« resources of the country not < b.
strutted? business of the commit, ity
not impeded? Why, sir, this can ottlj be
true, uptm the supposition that preset t evils
arc no way attributable (o the policy of Gov-.
p^asiKai—|—
r inent; that they a) jsprj g IF- I” some • X
euux.uH and ii depei.ctei t cause. If ll» ’
table meli.lmT nM.-ni:e that the oisasti rs whi’ l
ave f.iile.i upon US uiIST fww <;i,u-< s wll.cl
G'.v. r ment cant.ot control, such is oVertt-H*.
g. or speculation, and that Gover>.nie I is
»vt reble for i mhing, I can uipi< rstantl h in.
hough I do not at all co cur with turn, Bn
hit the tesources of tin countiy ■re . l ow.
. a st.ileofgre I d-pit ssio", a. d 8 agWEio . i
- hut I hud suppos'd <> tt- would usß< rt. St
e. but are the res-'iir*-. ■of ih toil tty ? Tin
urst of all, doubtless, is lab ur. I><» S ’hi--
'u. et no itnpt dune t ? Dots labor fi d itself
re mrded, us her. 4*.|;ire. b> high pric- paid
H good mo ty? 'ih uhoh imnsot i. dusty,
tnploy i d in commerce mid mu uf.ictures, <lt« »
■ t mcot with no obsiruc to. , or hi dr.nic , oi
Ji-cnurag me u? A d c.-uum rce ai d mat.u
. ctures, in th<- aggregate, embraci-g capita
s well as I. bi>r.are th'-y, too, in a high can -1
.f success ? Is i.ulili g of impcilint-i<.r oh
mi iictio. . f.,u .d Niiiiu ct.d wi.h their pres.-m
<-u..ditio i f
Again. Sit ; amo g our Atm ric.i r soiirc s
tioin'he ver_» tiisl origi ; of ibis gov- ri.ui m
cr drt and co .tide. e. h ve h Id a high ai.d fort -
most ra k. We <w- more in credi*, a d t<<
eoinim rcial c .nfideiice, that, ut.y nnti 'i. w hici.
ver existed ; ai.d ten linn s mor • than any
iiltuii eXC'-pt E gin d. Credit aed co fide C;
h..ve bet i) th; life of our sy st m. s djiuu r.
uliy orocuctive cans s of al our prosperity.
Th y are esse tuif parts of a system, which
has coVt re d th' sen.' w ith our comm- re., it
plot is-h< d fit '1 re t surj. paid t.ff iti« Hatio ul
ti« bi, excit. da. d stimulated th. ma ul. ctut
t g intlustiy. t-t c- urag d labor t , put fordi th*
whole sire gth of its sim Ws. foiled the fort st*,
a d multiplied our umbers, atid augiHt- tic
he num rial w eufih, ao far bi y<e.d all ex mpl*.
.is to lea', us a ph. t omet.oii i old' r m tio. »
o I <k at with wonder. A d this credit, a:i<
this confide ct, ar itny now no way ••bstrucL
d, or impei cd ? Aie they now acting wi b
i h< if ysti. 11 fficie ,cy,a. d thi ir usual slice »*,
i in. tin < <> c< r- s <d socii tv ?
Th. II " .mi n.tn r ict' is in tin Exi’ha ges.
No tioub , Sir, th< rate of for lg' Exchangt
lias ohi gl. it ii..tm ig, N. r h;.B il I) ji. if
.411 di uusif c-»‘.< »r I* 11 d Itet u ill a propel
[co Itiliin . Bui that th. l ter al xetni. gt s
i re in a heahiiiu con itto , .is the Hu . m tn
i bi r alleges, is wh it I ca.. tiy , u means admit.
1 I h■ k Upon the d. r.i g- tiie t of th i t, r al
X< hu gt-s. as the pre rise form i winch * xist
|i g wits must ma ill stly exh.bit ih niseiv s.
u. u. u.- i... u al t ( R retest, h <we< t> large ci-
I lies, m the luiglifo rh'-od ol tin n taiier.
[‘•flange between th'S'on u. d N W Y' ’k, laili
j also between I‘hllad Iphi I a d N M k. is
11 2a2 per cent This could never hupp :,
but troin a dt-iarged cuire. cy ; and Can th
- called a hea'lhfui state • f d niestjc eg
chui ge?
1 iii'dr rstat d that the cotton cri p has do t
Diuch towards equ fiz ng I Xtrila. ge b-twee
New Orlea : su. Nt w Yo'k ; u..d yet Ih v
see:-, not ma y days si ce, that i oth r pine, s
of tile S u h, I b in Ve Mobile, < xch.inge o
Nr.-w York WuS at a premium ot free to tea pci
cent.
Jilt ir,.(r.ut<*ctli eIS »f he No th Call Nay
how they have foil d, udh. w h y «■« Ii d.
the facilities of txcha ge. I o not Uleaii, ex
clusivelv, or I'riticipaily, ti.e I; ui • ufac
turers of cotton aid woolleu hbrics; but th
smailei uiat ufacimeis, met. wfm, wh-le they
employ m.-u y others, stiil bt stow th, tr wu I.
I In-r ou their own capital; ihe shop innmif'C
: Hirers, such mu uf-ct«.r< rs ns üb"tt d in N w
! J-rsey, Cou ecticut, and other parts of > in
[ North. I wou d ask th<-ge tleiuen Iroiu lilt s
! S-at-s how th se neighbors of th'-irs fi d X
[ changes, ai d the me as of rtTiijUai.ct, bctwvei.
j th'-tn «■ d th ir corresp • det Is a d porch.isets
1 l.i the Sou li. The carriage iii.ikcts. the fur
I i.iture- m k rs, the hatters, the deal, rs i lea
i th' r.i i all its bra chi-8, ill d -afois m d -mes
iHe hardware-; I should like to hear ih<- r
■ suits oi the * Xp< ri'i ce of al these perso. s, on
; tin- state ofthe mter a' excha gcs. as well as
I the general question, u hither th'- indus'ry of
th*- con, tiv h s t-i.rcu teied a y obstacle, i -
the present state of th- cutie, t-y .
Mr. Preside:.t.the Hmi. M tuber fomN w
York si.-.ti <1 coiTectly, that this Bill has two
It aumg < bjet ts,
The first is a separ tion ofthe revenue mul
th’ suds of g« ernme; t from ah co. exine
w irii the conciT S'.f i.udivid'iala, a dofc rp i
ratio s ; m d exp t-iafiy a s para'i'dl of b »<
tit ds fr ni:>H co tit xio wi.h a y Banks.
The second is. a gradual cha g, .i our sys
tern of cmrei g-y, to b • c irri d o , til: we <■«..
.est ompttsh th- tilij- 11 ufki.i < xcliisjve spect. |
or tm tai.ic circulatio ,at It ast m all p ym is j
io u„v. r. ni’ l l '. a d uii diebutv nu-i.ts by gov. ;
tr..m< 11.
Now, Sir, 1 am agri st bo h h s pre jn si
tio:.s, ends as wt .1 as means.
1 amagai st this s< paratitii. ot g.-v. r. me 1
a'd p epic, as ti u auiral, s< ifisl., and an . ban.
ilotiiii' iil ci the most imp' It., t poill C..1 dun s.
I . m sot hi.vi g bin •< e cum cy, a d that
a good o-.e. both tor ih* people a d the goveTii
me. t.
I am oppt s ri iti the doCiii ns of the Men
sag* i I S pt. u h. r, a .d to • v ry tut g which
gi wsout of those doctri, cs. I feel as if I
wile <> : S'.ine tith t spin r. ,as It 1 Wer not
at home, as if his < i.utu . h Auk ric.i. whe
1 sic sclh ti.tsofp biic p licy pi-'.pns d, h v
i g for til it object ill co. Afuiei: e of gov
emmet i oily,iiiut b-avi gthep. .pl. to shift ior
tht mst fit s, m a mater wt.iih a tui-.d y be. j
io. gs, a. d i i every oth t con .uy is admitted :
I" bt-iotig, t" die solem.i ob Ig'.tioiiN, and til I
imrk.uliti <1 power ot g- veinim it. Is ii Amer ’
i< a, wh'tt the g< v< i. metii. atid men m the
Government, .it mb b tier otT han the peo
ph ? Islt Alltel ica, where gover .1110 tls to
shut its eves, .c d Its I lirs, tn public eiaupl I t,
and h* t.ik can in ly of istit ? Is it Am< ru a,
Mr Preside ', is it your <uu try, md tin
ci.m.trv.i which, nt a time of great public dis
Hess, when all eyes are turn'd to < o. gr h«.
a <1 w hen most men set I that sobs initial a d
ptiiclici.l nittf in c rm only fti.-m C" g'ess,
th,.t Uotigt ss. i t Vertin less, has othi g <>i
car l; to pr. post, but h- Its and h..rs, si'f s m ri
v nils, ce! sad hidi. g pi ct s, tor he b ti r
security of trie public un uey , a d oth.ng «> .
e itli. not a hei < fleet.l I w. not ven a k d
Word, I I the ptopli .h HIS he--? is il out
c tin'r , m winch he i i< it st ot govt r m ui
huts reach'd such an itsct-udii- ty "V. r the in
terest of til' p< opb ,in th* stimale el Itie re I
present tivis ofih, peopl. ? IL s ihi<. Sir.
c me to b. the state ..f things, i the old tlnr
teen. W ltli the :< vv thir'e i‘" add d totliem?
For orn-, 1 co fi ss. I w hat is Am- r
i an, ii. po'icy. i puJL»'jc i t r s’, m i public
fethug. ii those me..sures b<. v d< t-tned Arm n*
can. ’x.
Th- first general aspi et, or the
Bill, lie characti r wTitle broadly fttjjks. front,
u turn übui.dvuiueut of <.l cu.-cciu, .
Vol. V—* 4,
g. ...ml currency ,4 the c,u. «ry. ,
. eningh forme. Jt »* < or'* mv Xi to
he Bril i.i all - 3”-’ ,h ' B
nav, had a Preamble, it • ught u> b«»* Wen
nftoduced by a recftal, •‘•m g ” ’. .
h «Inrrtt»-di» j-tii rency ♦»f tbr county ** ••
me totally a.d whereuv it has
nerclolme been thought ih« bou den <Uty <4
Ihn gover. imu t '•» take proper care of =hat
great bi... ch of Ihi national mte'ent; «id
wh. rm.Nthat < pi. I” i i» »n«
a. ’h. retic.l; end where*-, .erording U> the
in. re .idi g of he ( u Btituiion, the great du-
t vof thia g vt num nt, and it’ exclusive <^U, l 7*
j s i far a* cuirc'cy ta cui.cer ed, la to take
c.,re of itaelf; ami where. a ifgoven ment cuu
[ but s cure u s u. d currency fer itaelf, th>-peo
ple may very we 1 be left to »uch a currn cy
~S the Slat. 3, or the Ba ks, Os their ..WU g'arti
Oltune, or b.'d fortune,may give them; there,
t r be it ei act’d die. 4k<. d»c*
’1 h<* Y.-.y fi.si pr.ivisiou ’*f *be Bill, urin
keepi g with i-a ge. erul obj. ct«, and general
charm ie . It ab dm a ull ’he Be. liineuta of
eivi iz d mu. kt id, on the Siibj. ct of credit iii d
c,. tide ce. and carries us buck to the daik
..g< s. 'I h- first th tw e hear, is - f safes, and
Vaults, a.d c.-lis, a d r>.i*Mera, Fre ni a., iti
icll. r u.J, it goea b ck Uta ph) 4’’"l “R» •~~
1 r tn commerce, a d credi’, it rvtun.a Io hoard,
.. g, a d tutting ; tr' iii cm fid nee, at'd trust, it
i treats I" bolts, and bnrs, to lot k«. W ’*•* doti
bi- k ys, u..d io puius imd peoaltma fur touch
mg hidden treasure. It i* a law for the tunes
"fth< F tidal systt in—<>r a law for itfo h '*da
d g vi r ora ofih piratical states of B .rba.
v. it is a measure fit for times wh -u there
i> ik* M Ciintv iu L‘m , U’> *a’u»* •<> cumincrc® t
..o active industry turn ■ g mm ki d- Here it
is allog. iht-r outoflim .and "Ul "f place. It
i.as no tviupaihv w i ii the gt-ueral seultuiei-ta
t this age, still less has It ai:V CO: gn lality
with our Am ncu ch.r ett-r, a y relish of
oui hitherto apj.rovi dad successful policy,
i a v agreetiie: <«>reoiiforjutty wi h th gen.
er..l fe.-li gofth • cou try,
Ihe geuth ma , i staling the pn-visions oi’the
ast aertioi;, pr ce. ds to a-.y, that it in strange,
th t o eof i.ur f iMs, h<-r tofore, has »ven at
<’■ iiip’ed to give to the Tre-asmy ofthe U it.-d
Stalls a •heal habitation.” H-- Ce it is the
bj ct of .hts first s.-ctui ofthe bill to provide
.md de. i.t su< k local habitation. A local ha-
b. . f.u th Treasury of a great commercial
country, i the i i leteentb c. u’ury !—Whv,
Si r, w h-u is the ’I reasui v ? The exis i gla a a
<-;ril|iii”D p rtffle-f.” Thav aay, there ah.ril
tie a D pa iuivut’ with various umc-Tq, a id a
iopt i assign men I of th ir duties and fo.ctiun ;
an. ihut n.‘!r “hall be the Department of ’he
Fn astiry. It •*, thus, an organized p .rt of
GoVerniuer.'; an Hi puit int ai.d i .di'pel.9itbl«
b m-h oi th, geoere.l administration, conduct
ing the fiscal aff.ira ofthe cou.tiy, and coo.
io u g subordmute ugm.ta,
But this bill do. » awt.y with all legal and
politic..l i.ieas. ;md brings tins important De
p..rtmcnt duw-» i.athi g.Zbricksaad nwtatr.
it enacts 'h 4 coJt i" rooti.a t i the new buil
dmt-.wi |iii). trsaf sand Vaults,ah llc<» stitute
.In- Treusury ot the U iita) Blates { And
this ud.ip'iou of i vw a d strange iiotioiin, a id
riiis uhaiidu ment <>f all old ideas, "a all for the
piil'p.ise «>f nccwltiphshmg the great obj et of
st-par ti g the afiuiisofth. Government from
he iff :ira of the country. The nature ofthe
mi-a s shows the untore of the object.; bub*
.re novel, strange, utitired. and ui.heard of.
Flu Nciietn. , Sil, fi 'da no pieCede.,l, cither in
>ui- <»w.. history, or the history of any other
ii sp.-ct .b> m.timi. It ta.'dmitted to be new,
tiigiual, experimental ; and yet its udopftnq
.s uiged up., tia as co fid.-ntly as if it had
come dow i. from our ancestors, a. d had b on
the eti ashed p-diry jfttto country in all past
liui. a,
I on ag-ainat it altogether, J look not to
*>.•« wh 'h r the meausbe nd.'pted to tfie end.
1 h..tt-i.d Hslli’is what I "pp'ise, and ( oppose
all the men:.s leading ti) iti I oppose <l{ al
it-mpia to in >ke a separate currency flu tho
Gov, rum.-. t b e..us. I i sistupm. it, .md shall
ms.at up<>.. it, until I sec a d feel the pillars of
h Go Mti'utioii i'ahi g arou d me and upon
my heiu), t,h.u it is the duty of tuts Govermneut
..» pr vid* a good curreucy ior the eou.itry
■> d t<>r the P- upli-, as well as for itaelf.
1 put it to ge.itiein ... to s.iv, whether cur,
r. < cy be .ail a part of e«Uilinerce, or an i dw.
pensabie agt ul of Commerce ; a d Soinethl g,
th rcfiti'v, which this Gov.-r.iuieut is b»md t»
:eguiute, ad to t..ke care-ot ? Ge t'eme ' Wt!|
... I met • the argume t. Th y sh'l ith ■ qties.
tion. M.. d< iuui d th.u ihc just po- er ofthe
< o. atitutioi. shall b. administered. We aaaort,
' h. t bos pojt er |u regulate commerce,
! a d curie, ry aa a part of commerce : wu iu.
: .-mt that the pubic i-xigri'cy, at ths preaeti*
; tnoiue I. c,.11a uagliy for the ex reive of ‘hia
pow r, —and wh.4 do they do / They labor ta
■ "..vi ce us that ih' G .vt-rnine t its-It can get
o.> ve y W 'lt « th>>at providi g a currency far
111 - I’ci.pit.-, a .d they b-taketh tmielvea, there
i .re to <h srb-Ticasury system, i's u tass-.ila
bl> wade, its iron cheaTS. a .<i double secured
doors. A u liavi..g Rii'isfied th- inselv, a, that,
i htsw.y.G v r.iineut ni.iy b kep- got g,
ih y ar.- o-Usfi d. A sou d curre "~y for
tiovi ri.meut, a safe curre cy f>r rev nue •
hvse are tbe only thi gs proimauti. the odv
, di. gs pro| o*vd. But thi s.- are nut th« old
pre nuae. I h c<.u try, th cau try itae f. and
11. w Imlt Be. pl , w. re p onus d a U't'WVcur.
.flit , !oi ihe.r owu use ; a b ttor g*-* ra|
currency; a > etier currency tor all th pw. “*
i pos soi trade a. d husi .eas. Tfiiaw-ratltw
, pi-oi-is , kid in ly greeu by tbe <».<»ernm<- tin
i 1b32 so of.eu aftp w ;>*ds rem Wed, through
lull successiV' > to M *y Iq-t.
! tieard nothi g. ati that muc. as a aepar.tmn
b tween G »ve«- me t and P opic, Ji., sir,
not .< word. B -th were to h 'Ve an impreved
curre cy. B.’, I did at b ft. ve r ward of all
this ; 1 thought it all mere preb’iiQt* or empty
bo .sti g. 1 uud "o.foith i i these promises,
nut a paitu |e. But. ih hu mabl. member
from Nt w k w;.s co fid,- t * then, i.« bo
s. t.w ; to fidei.t ofthw Bu»s.-mi «»f the fi at
m Ii me, v|>i< h was pL us bie,ash t»confident
oittn.--, which is Btr.njc, e!ia.i. atid r puisrre
hi rs wind aspect. He was then aa sure of
bi g ..he tofi.r ish it eurtt'ticy f-r the cown*
.ty. as He is now <c fur ial<i ga surra xy for
G ve iitn- r. He ltd us, at th t tim»*, that
t. b. lievt-d the cyst u>. adopt’d bv th' lata
Adtui tstr tion. was fuilv c>>m|»-t'*nt to its ob*
j< ct. Hi I it o alarm f»r the result; he b-.
h v< d nil the Pr sideitt h id do te, from 'he re*
mt’V.,l <>f tha depoMitei downwaida, was co t.
slliuiiotinl . nd leg. I. “U'l he was d* t"tniied
to plact.- luuiMt it by the side of die Presidsut,
<i- dtb SlT'rio ly to stal'd of fall.i , th>- evtima
tiit of his co s iiue; ts, ».r »b*y should d< t«r.
tn it* i i the resu.t. -A“d that result has now
come
As I h.'ve said, air, I had no faith at all ia
h ldi< pi upaea td'the Adwiitua-ration, made
before Ued ul that unK-.aod CousUully