Newspaper Page Text
?F'r<Jin the Correspondent of the Chron. & Son.
WASHINGTON, May 22, 1838.
The House resolved to day, that the hour
of meeting hereafter should be at 10 o’c’ock,
A. M. and that there should be a recess from
half past 2 till 4.
Mr. Sherrod Williams again submitted his
rusidutioo, proposing a repeal of the Specie
Circular, in a form somewhat modified, but in
substance the same as I have noticed before.
Mr. Cambreliiig objected, and the House re
fused to suspend the rules.
After some unimportant petitions and memo
rials were presented, a Message was receiv
ed from the. President of the United States,
transmitting a communication made by the
Secretary ot War, to the Cherokee Delega
tion here, in reply to propositions submitted by
them. The Secretary proposes to give them
two years for their removal, or at least, that
the influence of the Government with the states
Miall be used, to induce the states to allow
these Indians that period for affecting the re
moval, and also to give, them an additional
sum of money to aid them.
This Message produced a strong sensation
in the House. Your vigilant and faithful re
presentative, Col Dawson, was the first to call
the attention of the House to this extraordi
nary movement oft lie Executive, in yielding
to the clamor against the execution of the
trea’y, and in hoklinj out to the Indians hopes
of delav in removing, and of being permitted
to occupy the lands for two years longer, when
it is well known to the President that the state
of Georgia has vested the right to the lands
in other individuals, and that the removal is
to be begun to-morrow I
Mr. Dawson protested against the proposi
tion, and declared it never could be carried in
to operation.
Mr. Glascock also spoke against the pro
ject.
Mr. Dawson moved that the Message of the
President, and the communication of the Sec
retary, be laid on the table. Ihe motion was
rejected ; and the documents were finally re
femd the Committee on Indian Affairs.
I will endeavor to procure and send you a
fair copy of them to morrow; and will, also
notice more fully the remarks which fell from
different gentlemen in relation to the subject.
The House proceeded to consider the Mes
sage of the President, in reference to the oc
cupancy of the Oregon Territory by the Brit
ish.
Mr. Cushing finished his speech on the mo
tion to commit to the Committee on Indian
Affairs, with instructions to report, a bill for
establishing a Military Post on the Oregon,
and tor preventing the interference of foreign
powers with the Indian tribes. The subject
engaged the attention of the House until the
. hour of adjournment.
Ii the Semite, Mr. Smith, of Conn, presen.
ted several memorials remonstrating against
the execution of the treaty of New Eehota,
with the Cherokee Indians. Laid on the ta
ble and ordered to be printed.
After the disposal of some private bills, the
bill to extend the corporate existence of cer
tain Banks in the District of Columbia was
taken up, read a third time, and passed ; and
sent to the House for concurrence.
Several other bills were passed, among
which a bill to incorporate a Medical As
sociation in the District of Columiba : and a
_um ovtnnd the charter of the Union Bank
of Georgetown, sb Its TO-gtmuio--rx-re—_ r
its concerns.
Mr. Buchanan presented a petition from
Pittsburgh, praying for the establishment of a
National Bank with a capital of one hundred
and fifty millions of dollars. Laid on the ta
ble for the present.
The same message from the President and
communication from the Secretary, which I
have noticed under the House head, were re
ceived in the Senate.
Messrs King and Clay of Alabama, Lump
kin and Cuthbert of Georgia, and Grundy ol
Tenn, all expressed their surprise at the Mes
sage, and declared that the proposition was
made without consulting them, and remonstra
ted earnestly against it, as calculated to give
hopes which could never be realized, and to
lead to commotion, hostilities and bloodshed.
Mr. King moved to lay the documents on
the table.
Mr. Webster suggested that considering the
quarter from which the communication came,
it was proper to send it to a committee.
Air. Cuthbert then rose and charged the
measure to the interposition of petitioners from
the North.
Mr. Webster said the communication was
from the President, and that if it was of a
character not to deserve the common respect
of a reference, the ejaculations of gentlemen
ought to be aimed rather at that Cnief Magis
trate whom they were supporting, than against
the people of the North.
Mr. Webster did not press his suggestion
for a reference, as the Chairman of the Indi
an Committee was not in his seat, and the sub
ject was laid on the table for the present.
The bill making appropriation for the Alex
andria and Falmouth Rail Road, was then ta
ken up and ordered to a third reading, and the
Seuate adjourned.
WASHINGTON, May 23d, 183 S.
Ths House of Representatives met to day,
according to the new arrangement, at 10 o’
clock A. M. There was a very thin atten
dance of members. I have never known any
increase of the regular lime of the sittings ex.
pedite, inany degree, the progress of public
business. It only adds to the number of talk
ers, and induced those who made long spec
dies before, to make them longer.
The Committee on Indian Affairs reported
the Senate Bill to provide for the security and
protection of the emigrating and other Indians
West ofthe Mississippi, without amendment.
Mr. Hoffman from the Committee on F<>
reign Affairs reported a bill for the relief of
Thomas Ap. Catesby Jones.
The unfinished business in reference to the
Duel Report (being the motion to print 20,000
copies of the Journal and evidence with the
amendment to print 20,000 copies ot the majo
rity Report) was then taken up, and Mr.
Mason of Ohio spoke in opposition to the
amendment on the ground that the majority
Report was of an unjust, partial,and partisan
character.
Before he finished, the hour arrived for go
ing to the orders of the day.
A resolution was adopted calling on the Se
cretary of War to state the amount of money
which would be required to carry into effect
the propositions contained in the Communica
tion laid before the House yesterday.
The House then,on motion ofMr. Cambre,
ling, resolved itself into Committee of the
Whole; and took up the Bill forthe suppres
sion ol Indian Hostilities.
Mr. Wise took the floor, and expressed a
wish that there should be a separation ofthe
amount provided for the suppression of the
Seminole hostilities, from that proposed for
carrying into effect the Cherokee Treaty.
Mr. Cambreiing objected to making any
distinction.
Mr. M ise then offered a proviso to come in
at tho and of the bill, that no part ofthe appro-
priations given by the bill shall be applied to the
removal of the Cherokees, or preparation for
hostilities against them, until the Secretary of
War shall have prosecuted to a conclusion of
success or failure the propositions contained in
the communication presented to the House
yesterday.
A debate arose in regard to the vilidity of
the Cherokee Treaty, and on the general poli
cy of the Government towards the Indians in
which Messrs. Wise, Jones of Geo; Filmore,
Marvin and Cushing participated : The Com
mittee rose without taking any question: and
the House adjourned.
In the Senate, to-day, Mr. Young of Illinois
presented several memorials remonstrating
against the execution of the Cherokee Trea
ty.
Mr. Clay of Ky., offered a resolution call
ing on the Secretary of the Treasury and
Post Master General to inform the Senate
whether orders have been given for the re
ceipt ®f Bank notes in the payment of pub
lie dues ; and copies of such orders or in
structions if any have been given. The re
solution was adopted.
A message was received from the Presi
dent of the U. S. transmitting a copy ot a
letter from the Governor of Maine, with re
solutions of the Legislature of that State,
claiming reimbursement io Greely and otb.
ers for loss sustained by them; also other
papers connected with the subject of the
North Eastern Boundary, showing the pres
ent State of the negociation with Great
Britain on the general question.
The accompanying documents consisted
oi a letter from Mr. Forsyth to Mr. Fox ;
and the reply of Mr. Fox to our Secreta
ry of State. In the former the Secretary
says that the State of Maine declines to
give her consent to the proposition for a
conventional boundary ; and thinks there can
be no difficulty m ascertaining the real
boundary; and concludes with inviting Mr.
Fox to a conference fur the purpose of a.
greeing on the basis of a new negociation ;
and the appointment of commissioners.
Mr. Fox replied that he does not at pre
sent feel authorized to take such a step,
without new advices from his Government.
Which however may be early expected.
Mr. Webster moved that the documents
be printed, and laid on the table ; and it
was so ordered.
The Bill making an appropriation for the
Alexandria and Falmouth Rail Rood was
next taken up; and after some debate, it
was passed, and sent to the House for con
currence.
The Senate then proceeded to the con
sideration of the Cumberland Road Bill ;
and after a short discussion, it was ordered to
be engrossed and read a third time.
M.
WASHINGTON, May 24.
The House of Representatives was again
very thinly attended at the opening of the sit
ting to day. A call of the House was order
ed for the purpose of bringing in the absen
tees. It would be better to turn to the old
custom of meeting at 11 o'clock.
Mr. Hoffman asked leave to offer a resolu
tion in reference to a message from the Presi-,
dent which was laid on the table yesterday,
transmitting papers from tho Secretary ot
State in answer to a resolution of the. House
calling for information on the subject.
Mr. Hoffman stated that the message in
stead of furnishing the required, information,
only had enclosed among the papers several
mous character, containing gross n ai til”'per
sonal libels on the Mayor and several mem
bers of the Common Council of Now York.
Mr. Hollman said he could not believe but
there had been some mistake, as tho President
could not be expected to a course.
He asked leave to offer a resolution for the
purpose of bringing to light the culpable per
son, whether the President, Secretary or
Clerk. The resolution was read, it requires
that the selectcommittee to whom had been
referred the message, be discharged from the
fuither consideration of these objectionab.e
extracts, and that they be returned to the
President.
The reading of the objectionable extracts
was called lor. They arc from the IVew
York Truth Teller, of June 24th, 1837. One
oi them is headed, Allen passengers.—The
New Common Council.—Dastardly conduct!
and is indeed infamously libellous on some of
the most estimable citizens of New York !
The other is a copy of an anonymous letter
addressed to Mr. Clark, the Mayor.
The resolutions was objec,cd to, Mr. Hoff
man moved a suspension of the rules, the mo
tion failed, Ayes 111 Nays 75.
Mr. Thompson ofS. C. said this was a
question of privilege of too much importance
to be passed over. He therefore submitted a
resolution calling on the President to say
whether he had authorized the communication
of those documents. But the Majority refu
sed to consider the resolution. So the Presi
dent or the Head of a Department or any Clerk
may insult the House and the majority will not
even permit an inquiry.
After some miscellaneous business of an
unimportant character the House on motion
of Mr. Cambreiing resolved itself into Com
mittee of the whole and took up the bill ma
king appropriations for suppressing Indian
Hostilities, and for arrearages of last year.
The debate was continued to day by Mr,
Wise in opposition to the appropriation forthe
support ot a Military force and for Military
operations in the Cherokee Country, and by
Mr. Downing of Florida, Mr. Glascock of
Geo. and Mr. Graham ofN. C. in defence
ofthe bill.
The committee rose without any decision.
Ihe Cumberland Road Bill was received
from the Senate with an amendment. A mo
tion was made to refer it to the Committee on
VV ays and Means and rejected.
Amotion was made by Mr. Elmore of S.
C. to lay the bill on the table. It was lost al
so and the House then concurred in the Sen
ate s amendment and adjourned.
In the Semite, after the presentation of Sev
ern. memorials and petitions, and the disposal
ot a number ol private bills,
1 he A ice President laid before the Semite a
communication from the Treasury Depart
ment, m answer to a resolution offered by Mr.
Clay yesterday, calling for information in re
terence to the receipt of bank notes in pay
ment of government dues. The substance of
it was that the Secretary had instructed the
Collector at New York to receive notes of
any bank which had resumed specie payments,
except such banks as have issued notes under
five dollars.
A copy ofthe instructions was communica
ted. Ihe papers were ordered to be printed
and laid on the tumble.
Mr. W hite, of Tennessee, moved to take up
the communication from the Secretary of War
to the Cherokee delegation, and refer it to the
Committee on Indian affairs.
Air. Sevier took occasion to Cxpressr* his
strongest disapprobation of the proposition of
the Secretary ot War. He objected to this
mode of removal as strongly as other gentle
men did to any extension of time, and looked
on the whole course of the Executive in pro
posing to change the terms of the treaty, as ox.
ceedingly injudicious.
Mr. White offered a resolution, ( which wiis
adopted,) calling on tho Secretary of War to
say whether any answer had been given to
his communication by John Ross, mid the
Cherokee Delegation. The reference was
made to the Committee on Indian Affairs. .
The Bill making appropriations for the
Cumberland Road was taken up and passed
ayes 23. nays 18.
The Senate then proceeded to the conside r
ation of the bill making appropriations for the
Navy and Nava! service of the United States,
and were engaged with it till the close of sit
ting, but no vote was taken. M
From the Ga. Constitutionalist (Extra.) of May 26th.
OUR INDIAN AFFAIRS.
When the news reached here yesterday by
the Express Mail, that a proposition had been
submitted by the President and tho Secretary
of IFar to Congress, to extend two years the
time stipulated in the treaty of 1835, for the
removal of the Cherokee Indians, we had
doubts of the correctness of the information re
ceived. The Express Mail, of this morning
has removed all our doubts. The President did
transmit a message to both Houses of Congress,
covering a Communication ol the Secretary oi
War, i.. which the views ol the government r.re
set forth, and in which a postponement ot the
stipulation ol the treaty is recommended to the
consideration of congress. The President
and Secretary of War are we ll aware that the
consent of the States interested in the execution
of the treaty must be obtained, before a delay
can be granted. The question then arose :
will the States interested give their consent?
If they do not give their consent, will they re
quire a strict fulfilment of tho stipulations of
the treaty 1 We cannot pretend to answer the
questions as regards the other States interested;
but we can easily answer for Georgia, that
her consent cannot be obtained ; that, whatev-
er may be the consequences she will peremp
torily require ofthe Federal Government, an
immediate execution of the treaty of 1835,
and a speedy removal ofthe Cherokee Indi
ans from the tei litory of Georgia; and that,
if those objects cannot be effected by the in
tervention of the Federal Government, (lie
Government of Georgia, sustained by all the
means within the peach of the State, will at
tempt, cost what it may, to carry into full es
feet the stipulations of the treaty.
This movement on the part ofthe Federal
Government will place the Governor of our
state in a most responsible position. But we
hope that he will act with energy and decision.
An extra session ofthe legislature need not be
called. Tho Governor himself can act; he
has sufficient power to meet any exigency-
Let him require the fulfilment of the stipula
tions of the treaty, and we can assure him that
he will be sustained by the people of Georgia.
Let him adopt such measures, and employ such
means, as are at his command, to execute the
removal ofthe Indians, and he will be sustain
ed by the people of Georgia. But there
should be no compromise ; no negociations ;
no procrastination of the removal of tho I ndi.
ans. The Federal Government must be im
mediately informed of the determination of
Georgia to require an immediate execution of
the treaty; and General Scott should be noti
fied that, if orders have been given to him to
suspend the execution of iho treaty, the militia
of Georgia will receive orders to carry the
stipulations of that treaty into effect.
W c have more to say on the subject; but
w® believed it our duty to offer a few remarks,
on placing before our readers the following
article from the Globe and the document from
the War Department, received by this morn-
■ ’ m b"' “n ——*« n _____
EMIGRATION OF THE CHEROKEES.
The reading in the Senate of the commun
ication from the Secretary of War to the Cher
okee delegation, which will be found annexed,
elicited a brief but animated debate. It was
strenuously objected to by several of the Sena
tors representing the States immediately inter
ested. The principal ground of objection
seemed to be that the proposed arrangement
went to alter the treaty, affect the free action
ofthe states, and contemplated delay in the re
moval. A more careful examination of the
document will, we think, show that the views
taken of it at the moment are not sustained bv
its contents. Nothing is stipulated for on the
part ot the states, or any thing proposed, that
is not to be the result of their own consent up
on a view of their own interests and duties.
No changes or abridgement of the articles of
the treaty aie agreed to, other than such ascon
sist in additional faculties and advantages for
the Cherokees, to proceed from the Federal
Government alone, and to be extended or not,
according to the pleasure of Congress. No
avoidable delay is contemplated.
1 1 is certainly a most important object to the
country that the Cherokees should be removed
peaceably, and it does not appear to have been
the intention of Government,bv the arratmments
proposed, to delay their removal one single
day beyond w hat may be necessary to the con
venience of the parties. It is proposed to ask
tho consent ofthe States interested to allow
them sufficient time for this purpose, and it is
not doubted that, from the generous character
of the States, this indulgence will be granted,
it a necessity for it shall be found to exist. Ii
will not require two years, nor is the period
extended so long, or to any definite time
General Scott will be instructed to watch over
the emigration, and to see that it is conducted
in good faith and kept up continuously. The
number of imigrants to be removed does not
full much short of 20,000 souls, and cannot,
with the utmost diligence, be removedin less
than one year. The Government seeks peace.
It seeks to remove these people ; it does not
desire to incur any risk ot their committing
acts of desperation, and bring on a collision be
tween them and the whites. Their determin
ation to protect the citizens from all acts of
violence, is to be seen in the ample provision
made for their defence.
No orders have been given to suspend the
execution oi the treaty. Tho emigration will
be carried on as rapidly as, in the opinion of
the discreet officer entrusted with that opera
tion, it can be conducted.
11 is not contemplated to make a new trea
ty, bu*. to cary out the piovisions of the exis
ting obligations as rapidly as possible ; for it
cannot be denied that if the removal can be
entirely accomplished, and effected peaceably,
" ithin one or even two years, it would be more
politic, humane, and economical, both of time
and money’, so to effect it than to incur the
evils of a war.
The reference proposed to bo made to the
State authorities is not intended, nor is it cal
culated, to procrastinate tho execution ofthe
treaty'- 1 heir co-operation has been asked in
pei feet good faith, and from a due regard to
their rights.
Ihe additional appropriations for the emi.
giatiou of the Cherokee nation require some
legislative provisions. The treaty contempla.
ted defraying these expenses when Congress
agreed togivc >5600,000 for the payment of
spoliations and expenses of emigration. Tho
■sum proves to be inadequate for both purposes,
and if is proposed to increase it. •
I heso views, in connection with the propo
sod arrangement, were made known to an indi.
vidual Senator supposed to be best acquainted
with the temper of the remnant ot the Chero.
kee people yet to emigrate, and best able to
judge ol the propriety of consenting to their
sutH er ii GSz ♦
proposition to remove themselves, through their
Chiefs and Headmen, as most likely to contri
bute to the peaceabli removal oi the nation.
All the delegations of the State . interested
would have been consulted if it cou.d have
supposed that the proposed arrangement, in the
slightest degree, affected, without their previ
ous consent, the rights or interests <Jt*any one
of i hose States.
'file liberal propositions now submitted by
tho Secre.tory, in his reply to the Cherokee del
egation,"will test their sincerity 1 f they pro
ceed forthwith r.i sincere and earnest efforts to
accomplish the removal bv their own action,
within sum. ; eriod as the Slates shall be wil
ling to allow them for that purpose, the addi
tional advantages propos ’d will, doubtless, be
secured to them by Congress and th • Execii.
live. 1 f they do not, no oth r result will fol
low from the offer than tu affb’ d one more proof
of the desire of the Government to make the
unavoidable change in the condition oltbe
Cherokees, conformable to the dictates of be
nevolence, and their own best interests. In
the mean limn, the ition ofthe treaty will
proceed as if this communication bad not been
made.
I'o Messrs. Jilin R s, Elwnd Gut ter, R.
Taylor, Jas. Brow-, S.imtml Gimtor, Sim
wah r, Elijah Hicks, md White Path, Cher,
cl'ce 'delegation.
The undersigned h:ts attentively eon--: lerod
the project of a treat',- submitted by you, and-,
although equally ib-s’rnus with yourselves to
satisfy that portion ofthe nuftop. that still re
main east cf the Mississippi, and to offer them
every inducement to r.-move peaco.vb!-.’ ’Mid
contentedly to their new homes in the Wist,
and not unwilling to grant most of the terms
proposed by you, still, where the rights and
just expectations of sovereign States are in.
volved, it is deemed inexpedient, without their
consent, to give to any stipulations which affect
them the form of a sol-mn treaty.
In the first article von desire to stipulate
ami agree that. “ life said Cherokee ration, par.
ty hereto, engages and stipulates to remove
from all the lands now occupied by them east
ward of Mississippi, and h-reby renounces ami
relinquishes to the United stales all claim of
every description to such lands; sucti remo
val to be commenced at the earliest convenient
period and to bo fully completed within two
years from this date ; to be effected by the
Cherokees themselves and by their agents, and
the entire expenses of such removal to be de
frayed out of the money to be paid by the
United Sates, as herein-after provided.” As
has been before observed, the Government of
the United States could not agree to this aet
without the consent of the States whose rights
are involved, and whose interests may be as.
fectcd by this stipulation ; but the Executive
pledges itself to use its best efforts to induce
them to abstain from pressing their claims in
a manner that would produce loss or incon
venience to the Cherokee people, and would
be inconsistent with their being removed with
every reasonable comfort. From the well
known humanity and generous character of the
State of Georgia, Alabama, and North Caroli,
na, there can be no doubt of their granting ev
ery indulgence which the interests of humani,
ty require ; and if two years are Necessary for
the conAortiible removal ofthe nation,the un
dersigned will|vonturc to assure the delegation
that their request will be granted.
If it be desire d by the Cherokee nation that
their own agents should have the charge oflheir
emigration, their wishes will be complied with,
and instructions be given to the commanding
General in the Cherokee country to enter into
■MiangniMoala waKihcOXW that cff 'Ct. With
regard to the expense of this operation, which
you ask may be defrayed by' the United States,
in the opinion ofthe undersigned, the request
ought to be granted, and application for such
further sum as may be required for this pur
pose shall be made to Congress.
In the next article of your project, von pro
pose that “the United States,' on iheirp-rt.
stipulate and agree, in considei atiou of the pre
mises, to perfect the title of the Cherokee na
tion to tho lands and territory westward ofthe
Mississippi, described, mentioned and defined
in and by the treaty of 1833, bet ween the Uni
ted States and the Cherokees west of Missis,
sippi, and tin: privilege of outlet there to annex
ed. and to issue a patent there for tn the Cher
okee nation in perpetuity ; and further t > pay
the said chiefs and representatives ofthe Cher
okee nation east of the Mississippi, the sum
of dollars, in manner and at the time here-
inafter provided.”
It was always the declared intention of the
Government to perfect the title of tins land to
the Cherokee nation, and to issue a patent
therefor, so soon as that portion of them now
east ofthe Mississippi had emigrated west,
granting the nation the privileges secured to
them by former arrangements. Nor wilt it
object to grant them, in perpetuity, if Con
gress should think proper to do so on their re
commendation under certain restrictions, to
which the delegation have assented. As the
delegation expressed their fears that a form of
Government might be imposed which they
were neither prepared for nor desirous ot the
the assurance is hereby repeated, that no form
of Government will be imposed upon the Cher
okees without the consent ofthe whole nation,
given in council ; norshall their country be
converted into a teriiory without such previ
ous concurrence.
With regard to the payment, a further sum
of money by the United States, the under
signed cannot consent to recommend such a
measure to Congress. Tho Senate ofthe U
nited States deliberately decided that live mill
ions of dollars was a full and sufficient indem
nity to the Cherokees for the lands they relin
quished on the east side of the Mississippi ;
and it is understood that the members of that
body sec no reason at present to alter that de
cision.
In the third article of your project you ask
that “ the said Cherokee nation, party hereto,
through, and by their acknowledged chiefs
and officers, shall have the entire control,
management, and disposition, responsible only
to their own nation, of the funds to be paid
under this treaty.”
The undersigned would very much prefer
making this disposition of the funds ot the na
tion, but as tho interests of those Cherokees
who have lately emigrated, aro deeply invol.
ved in this proposition, the Executive cannot
recommend such an alternative without the
previeus consent of all the parties concerned.
The next article asks, “that in addition to the
said sum mentioned in the foregoing second
article, the United States shall forthwith pay,
or arrange to bo paid to the Cherokee nation,
party hereto, the arrearages of tho annuities
which weto provided for in tho treaty of 1819,
up to this date, and shall continue such annui
ties during the two years allowed for said re
moval.
The undersigned as?tv r 's the delegation,
that whatever arrearac’s or annuities aro due
to the Cherokee nation, under the treaty of
1819, shall be promptly paid up to this date,
and a continuance of that annuity for two
years longer shall bo asked of Congress.
Tho sth article requires “that inasmuch as
the Cherokees contemplate-removing as pro.
vided for in said first article, as rapidly as
their numbers and engagements will permit,
ffie United States stipulate and engage to pay
to them, as such removal, and the necessary
preparations therefor progress cut of the mo-
ncy mentioned in said second article, such j
sums as.inay from time to rime be necessary
to defray the expenses incident hereto.
All pay meats and necessary' advances for
the purpose herein set forth, will be liberally
provided lot in (he contract which the com 1
mending general will be authorized to make
with the Cherokee agents, for the emigration
of that portion ol the nation east of the Mis
sissippi.
The 6th article asks, “ that during the peri
od prescribed and allowed by this treaty for
said removal,the United States stipulate and
contract to protect the persons and propeity
■ ofsaid Cherokees from al! acts of encroach
merit and violence and to furnish them, when
required, with the necessary escort mid pro.
tection during such removal, until their
I arrival at their destination beyond the Missis.
, ■
1 he necessary escort and protection curing
the the removal of the Cherokees until their
arrival at their destination beyond the Missis,
sippi will be furnished, and the United Slates.
: will prelect the persons and properly of the
said Cherokees from al! illegal acts ofencroch
ment and violence, and will use their best ef
forts with the States interested to prevent their
pressi’g the execution of their rights inaman-
i >ier calculated to oppress or inconvenience any
I individual ofthe nation.
> In the eighth article the request is made,
i “ That in additon to the moneys herein before
; slipuiated to be paid by the. United States, they
I further agree to pay to the said Cherokee na
j turn, party hereto, the gross sum of dollars,
i in full discharge of ail claims upon the United
i Slates, imder the stipulations oft'inner treaties,
I for public and private property spoliations, in.
j dettmittes, and other reclamations whether na
tional or individual, and for re imbursement of
expenses incurred in and about this arrange
meet.”
Six hundred thousand dollars was set apart
for this purpesr by a vote o f Congress, and to
dcfr-.iv the expenses of the removal ofthe na
tion to their new horn s. But as this sum
pr ves to be m::d,qmite- for both olqects,the
Executive will n commo id to Co i»res lo make
:i further appropriation, in order to satisfy
them.
The undersigned trust that the Cherokee
delegation will see in these lib -ral concessions*
the earnest desire ot the President to recon,
cile the nation to the necessary of removing
without any other delay than a due regard for
their comfort and convenience demands ; and
in this conviction, confidently relies upon the
cordial cooperation ofthe chiefs ut>d head
men to effect this desirable object.
O i the part of the Government, copies of
this document, with suitable applications to the
States interested, will be immediately trans
mitted to the several Governors thereof; in
structions will be sent to the commanding
general to act in conformity withits assur
ances, and a communication be made to Con.
gtess, asking the consent of the body to the
provisions proposed tor the benefit of the Cher
okee nation.
The undersigned, in closing this communi
cation, which has been considered with great
deliberation, and drawn with the utmost regard
tor the wishes of the delegation, desires it to
be distinctly understood that it containsthe
most liberal terms the Executive can grant,
with u due regard to the rights and interests of
all the parties concerned ; and therefore pres
ents it as the final determination ofthe Gov
ernment, and the peremptory conclusion ofthe
correspondence with the Cherokee deputation
on this subject. J. i‘. POINSETT.
Department of War, May 18, 1838
’ Bo ard of VisrrEitsr, Military Academy.—
I The following named gentlemen have been
! invited by the Secretary of War to attend as a
' Board of Visiters the annual examination of
. the Cud; ts ofthe U. S. Military Academy at
i West Point, to commence on the first Monday
in Ju te, 1838.
' Connecticut.—Professor 'i'homas Hub-
I bard.
i New York.—Gen. Ducoudray Holstein,
Rev. G. M. Johnson, Professor Win. M.
> Holland, James Shea, and Medad Butler,
J E-q’rs.*
I Pennsylvania.—Dr. J. B. And, Thom
jas B. McElwee, John C. Plummer, and
Thus. Ross, Esq’rs.
-Maryland.—Daniel Murray, Esq., and
Professor J. T, D.icatel,
Virginia.—John E. Page, Hugh A. Gar
land. and Alexander Rives. Esq’rs.
North Carolina.—J. F. Burgwin, Esq.
South Carolina. —Gen. Geo. McDufliie,
i Professor F. Leiber, and J. E. Holbrook.
Georgia.—C. J. McDonald. Esq.
Kentucky. —Judge James.
Tennessee. —Col, George Wilson,
Onio. —Dr, J. D. Weston.
Mississippi.— Dr. John IL Holt,
Illinois, —B. F. Morris, Esq.
Alaba?,ia.—H. W. Ellis. Esq.
Missouri, —Col. W. li. Russell.
Arkansas.—J. S. Conway, Esq.
I Michigan.—Dr. Z. Pitcher. lute of U. S.
) Army.
i Signers of the Decearatior of Inde
pendence.—Of the fifty-six signers of the
! Declaration of Independence, it is stated that
’nine were born in Massachusetts; eight in
Virginia; five in Maryland; tour in Con
necticut ; four in New Jersey ; four in Penn
sylvania ; four in South Carolina, three in
New York ; three in Delav’are; two in
Rhode Island ; ono in Maine ; three in Ire
land ; two in England ; two in Scotland ; and
I one in Wales.
Twenty.one were attorneys, ten merchants ;
I tour physicians ; three farmers; one clergy,
i man ; one printer; sixteen men of fortune.
Eiglit were graduates of Harvard College ;
four of Yale ; three of New Jersey; two ot
l Philadelphia ; two of William and Mary ;
[three of Cambridge. England; two of Editi
; burg ; and one of St. Omers.
At the time of their deaths five were over
[ ninety years of age; seven between eighty and
| ninety; eleven between seventv and eighty
i twelve between sixty and seventy : eleven be
! tween fifty and sixty ; seven between forty and
■ fifty ; one died at the age of twenty seven, and
[ the age oftwo uncertain.
At the time ot signing the declaration, the
average of the members was forty-fonr years.
They lived to the average age of more than
sixty five years and ten months. The young
est member was Edward Rutledge, ot South
Carolina, who was in bis twenty, seventh
year. He lived to the age of fifty, one. The
next youngest member was Thomas Lynch, of
the same state, who was also in his twenty
seventh year. He was cast away at sea in
the fall ot 1776.
Benjamin Franklin was the oldest member,
lie was in his seventy.first year when he
signed the declaration.’ lie lived in 1790.
and survived sixteen of his younger brethren.
Stephen Hopkins, of Rhode Island, the next
oldest member was born in 1707, and died m
1785-
Charles ( arroll attained the greatest age,
(lying in his ninety sixth year- William
Ellery, of Rhede Island, died in his ninety
first.
e can give a hundred reasons for our de
feat.—Miss. (I. I>.) Democrat.
Only a hundred ? According to our la
test intelligence from Mississippi, there were
not less than 2.500 reasons for it.— Lou. Jou.
We like good measures, let (hern come from I
whom they will.— Detroit Free Press.
And especially if they come from the liquor,
dealer.- Louisville Journal.
tKz’The last number of the Constitutionalist,
the V. B. organ in Georgia, contains a lofty
compliment to the chivalry and political incur,
ruptibility of Virginia. The compliment
comes rather tso late. “My dear Sir,” said
a candidate to a sturdy yeoman, ‘-I’m very i
glad to see you.” “You needhit be—l’ve vo
ted.”—Louis. Journal. ♦
He [Mr, Clay] is a favorite with the peo
ple,
Jeffersonville Cour.
He [Mr. Clay] is unpopular with the peo
ple.
Jeffersonville Cour.
Are you not afraid, Mr. Courier, that those
two remarks will turn into a couple of Kilken
ny cats and eat each ollmr up ? They really
seem to be spitting and clawing at each other
already, Scat.— lb.
“One murder mikes an assassin, a thou
sand, a hero.” airs the Mhigscauy out the
saymg with regard lo stealing.— Ky. <§’ O.
Journal.
Why do you say so ? Is it because u-a al.
wavs speak of Gen. Jackson as • the Hero?”
--lb.
The Whigs are in a minority now and they
will be in a minority in the next election.
There’s a double truth for their comfort.—
Georgia Constitutionalist.
We do not think that the truth tn this case
is doubled, but it is most awfully twisted.— lb.
A dog went over the Falls of Niagara a
few weeks si -.ee. The animal’s reflections
passing over this stupendous precipice of w«.
ters must have been curious.—N. Y. Star.
They most h ive been vastly similar to the
present reflections of the Van Buren pa tv
—lb.
The editor of the Pa. Democrat offers to
wager his “head against a ten-penny nail”
upon the success of Mr. Van Buren. TFe de
cline the wager. We’ll not bet a hard curren
cy against a soft one.— lb.
Air. Snyder, late, V. B. candidate for Con
gress in 1 llinois, has retired from the canvass.
He complains of ill health. TFe apptrhend
that he has poor Gholson’s disease. ’Tis a
sickly time among the Tory candidates. — lb.
(kT’The administration all at once professes
to be exceedingly friendly to the banks. "Be
ware of counterfeiters.”— lb.
Few papers in ths country have a greater
number of capital things than the U 8. Ga
zette. Here’s a specimen :
Neighborly Heli-.—The Loco-Foco pa
pers are amusing themselves with making
out a cabinet for the Whigs—Clay and Web
ster at the head, Biddle for the Treasury,
Southard for the Navy, &c. &c. All this is
very well, and shows the foresight of our po.
litical opponents. They have ceased to think
of such things for themselves, and as they
have been at the cabinet making business so
long, it is not strange that they should lend a
hand lo their neighbors. Not a Vat: Buren
paper, from Maine to Mississippi, has dared
these last two months to hint even that Mr.
Van Buren will be re-elected. Not ouo, wo
imagine, has thought of his nomination. 'Pho
Whigs will have no difficulty in foiming n cab
inet —they h ive a plenty of good men, & none
to find fault with armther’s appointment.— lb.
In speaking of the Albany elections, the
Argus says.-—“ IFe do not count on an ac
tual victory, but expect a moral triumph.” His
expectation is fulfilled. There has been a
moral triumph—a triumph of morality, patri
toism and intelligence. — lb.
The Administration foresaw all the disasters,
that have come upon the people.—Wi/i. Vir.
ginian.
It required no great sagacity on the part of
the Administration to foresee those disasters.
A follow in a crowd, with his fingers intent
on pillage, needs not the gift of a conjurer to
foresee some of the bystanders will soon
be out of pocket lb
TT’e have received no copy of ti bible vet,
to take the place ot the one we had stolon*
Cincinnatian.
From whom had you stolen it ?
The editor of the Globe says, that his poli
tics are “straight.” If the fellow’s body
were as crocked as h's politics, he would be
crooked enough to ride on his own back.
Louisville Journal.
The Editor of the Globe threatens to “make
a sweep next fill.’’ We are glad to hear it.
We have no doubt of his making a first rate
sweep, M e will employ him as often ns our
cbimney gets foul.— Louisville Journal.
A Loco-foco clergyman in Maine refused
to observe the general fast day, because pro.
claimed by n \V big Governor.— Lotus. Jour.
A dcleat occasionally is tiuvantagcous.
Miss. (T. JI.) Democrat.
'rhe Van Burenitcs will find this a most
consulitory sentiment. There are, no doubt,
very great advantages in defeats, and it grati
tns our kmd nature to assure cur disrinted
opponents that they will have the exclusive
enjoy meat ot all the advantages for a lorn*
time to come.— 10,
Contents of the Sontlicrai l.itcrary Journal.
No. 5, A 01. 3, May 1838.
Original Papers.
Memoir on Slavery—concluded from No. 4.
By (. hancellor Harper. Ballad—Stanzas.
Lines addressed to Myself. Thle-cath cha,
or The Broken Arrow, being a few passages
troin 1/uscoghee history Chaptertwo. Po
em, delivered before “The South Carolina A
cadeniy of Art and Design, ” at the anniversa
ry celebration of the Society, on the fifth day
of April last. By Judge R. M. Charlton.
(Pubhshed in the Southern Literary Journal
at the request of the Society.) Loose
Thoughts. A Business Day at Chee-Ila.
By \ enator. The Song Bird and the Flower.
By the Author of Alulantis. Life and Char
acter ot Aaron Burr : (“Memoirs of Aaron
Burr, with miscellaneous selections from his
coiTcspondciico. By Matthew L, Davis".
Aoi.l.”’) The. Fragment of Macana, The
Outcast. .Medical Sketch of the Slate of
South Carolina. No. 3. By Wm. G. Rum
say, M. 1). Biographiana. No. 2. Pain
ters Timon t—Anuibal Ca race hi—Louis
Caiacchi— Domimchine— Guido. (Collected
tor the S. Literary Journal.)
Editor's Port Polio.
Ihe Late Co: flagration. Lockhart’s Life of
Scott. Part Sixth. Bishop England’s Ora
turn. 1 osier sIL publications,
Head Quarters, Eastern Division. ?
Cherokee Aaency, Ten. Alay 17 1838. )
Major general scott, of the
United States’ Army, announces to the
troops assembled and assembling in this coun
ty, that) with them, he has been charged by
he President to cause the Cherokee Indians
yet remaining in North Carolina, Georgia/
Tennessee and Alabama, to remove to the
West, according to the terms of the Treaty of
1835. His staff will be as follows :
Lieutenant Colonel. W. J. Worth, act*
ihg Adjutant Gen. Chief of the Staff.
Major JI. M. Payne, acting Inspector
General.
Liuur. 11. AnUerjon. & E, D. Keyes/
regular Aids-de-camp.
Colonel A. IL Kenan & LiKut. IL B.
Shaw, Volunteer Aids-de-camp.
Any order given orally, or in writing by
eiiii- r of those officers, m the name of the Ma-'
jor General, will be respected uiid.obeycd as if
given by himself.
The Chiefs of Ordinance, of the Quartet**'
Master’s Department Si of the CotnmisWafia’f
as also the Medical Director ofthe Army.wilF
as soon as they can be ascertained, be amiduir'
ced in orders.
To carry out the general object with ll»«Z
greatest promp'itude and certainty, and will?
the least possible distress to the 1 ndiuns, the’
country' tin v rre to evacuate is divided into
three priuviptil Military Districts, under as ma
ny officers of high rank, to comm; ««d the troops
serving therein, subject to the instructions of
the Major Gei.era!.
Eastern District, to be commanded by
Brig. adieu General Eustis, ofthe United
States’ Army, or the highest officer in rank,-
serving therein : —Ninth Carolina, the part of
Tennessee lying north of Gilmer county, Geor
gia, and the counties of Gilmer. Union, and
Lumpkin, in Georgia- Head Quarters, in the
first iostinre, snv, at Fort Butler.
Western District, to be commanded by Co.
lonel Lindsay, of the United States, Army*-
or tlie highest officer in ra: k serving therein *
—Alabama, the residue of Tennessee & Dado
county, in Georgia. Head quarters, in Iho
first, instance, say, at Ross’ Lauding.
Middle- District, to he commanded by Brig
adieu General Axmistead of the United
States’Armv, or the highest officer in rank,
serving therein ; —All that part ofthe Chcro
kee country, lying within the State of Geor
gia, and which is not comprised in the two
other districts. I fetid Quarters, in the first
instance, sav, at New Echotn.
It is not intended that the foregoing bounda
ries between '.be principal commanders shall
be stiictiy observed, Either, when carried
near the district of another, will not hesitate
to extend his operations, according to the ne
cessities ofthe case, but with ail practicable
harmony, into the adjourning district. Ami,
among his principal objects, ir. case ot actual
or apprehended hostilities, will be that of af
fording adequate protection to our white peo
ple in and around the Cherokee coin.try.
The senior officer actually present in each
district will receive instructions from the Mu
jor General as to the lime of commencing the
removal, and every thing that may occur inter
esting to the service, in the district, will be
promtly reported to the same source. The
Major General will endeavour to visit in a
short time all parts of the Cherokee couutiy
occupied by the troops.
The duties devolved on the army, through
the orders of the .Major General <Sc those of
the commanders of dtstric’s, under him, are of
a highly important and critical nature.
The Cherokees, by the advances, which
they have made in Christianity and civiliza
tion, arc by far the most interesting tribe of
Indians in the territorial limits of the United
States. Os the 15,000 of those people who
are now to be removed—(and tlio time within
which a voluntary emigration was stipulated,
will expire on the 23rd inst.) it is understood
that about four fifilisare opposed, or hate be
come averse to a distant emigration ; and nl
tho’ none are in actual hostilities with the
United States, or threaten a resistance by arms
yet the troops will probably lie obliged lo cov
er the whole country they inhabit, in order to
make prisoners and to march or to trauspmt
the prisoners, by families, either to this place,
to Ross, Landing Or Gunter’s Landing, where
they are to be finally delivered over to the Su.
permtemiaut of the Chemkce Emigration.
Considering the number and temper of thv
mass lobe removed, together with ibe extent
and fastnesses ofthe country occupied, it will
readily occur, that simple indiscretions—acts
of harshness and credulity, on the part of our
troops, may lead, step by step, to delays, to>
impatience and exasperation, mid in the end,
) to a general w ar and carnage—-a result, in tho
ease ofthosc particular Indians, utterly abhor
rent to the generous sj mpulhies of the whole
American people. Every possible kindness,
compatible w ith the necessity of r< movul,
must, therefore, be shown by the trooys, mid,
if, in the ranks, a despicable individual should
be found, capable tis inflicting a wanton injury
or insult on any Cherokee man, w oman or
child, it is hereby made the special duty of the
nearest good officer or man, instantly to inter
pose, and to seize ami consign the guilty wretch
to the severest penalty of the laws. The Ma
jor General is fully persuaded that this ii j,mc
tion will not be neglected by ibe brave men
under his command, w ho cannot be otherwise’
than jealous of their own honor and that of
their country.
By early and p rseveriug acts of kindness
and humanity, it is impossible to doubt that the
Indians may soon be induced to confide in the
Army, mid instead of fleeing to mountains and
forests, flock to us for food and clothing. If\
however, through false apprehensions, individ
uals, or a party, here and there, should seek
to hide themselves, they must be pursued and
invited to surrender, but not fired upon unless
they’ should make a stand to resist. Even in
such cases, mild remedies may sometimes beta
ter succeed than violence; and it cannot be
doubt.>d that if we get possession of the wo
men and children first, or first capture the men,
that, m either .--use, tba ot,(standing number#
ofthe same families will readily cotne in on
the assurance of forgiveness and kind treat--
ment.
Every captured man, as well as all who si.f.
render themselves, must be disarmed, with the
assurance that their weapons will be carefully
preserved and restored at, or beyond the Mis
sissppi. In either case, the men will he guard,
cd and escorted, except it may be, where their
women and children are safely secured us bos
luges ; but, in general, families, in our posses--
sion, will not be separated, unless it be to send
nu n. ns itinnciSy to invito others to conic in**
It may happen that Indians will be found’
too sick, in the opinion of the nearest Burgeon.-
to be removed to one of depots indicated above,
lu every such case, oncer more of the family,
or the friends of the sick person, will be left in
attendance, with ample subsistence and reme
dies, and the remainder of the family removed
by the troops. Infants, superannuated persons#
mnntics, ■ mid women in a .helpless cond lion,-
wid all, in tnc removal, require peculiar utten*
tion v Inch the lirave and humane will seek tot
adapt to the necessities of the several cases.
All strongmen, women, hoys & girls, will
be made to march under proper escorts. For
the feeble. Indian horses mid ponies, will fur.
uish a ready resource, as veil as for bedding
and light cooking utonsils—all of which, ns
intimated in the Treaty, will be necessary to