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BY JAMES W. JONES.
The Southern Whig,
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CLARK & Bun Dine.
June 30, 1838—9—ts
NEW TAILOR’S SHOP,
THE undersigned, recently from the City of
New-York, respectfully informs the citi
zens of Athens, and the acjacent country, that
he has opened a Shop in the House formerly
occupied as an Office by Doct. Ware, in this
place, near the State Bank, where he will be hap
py to execute ttny orders ,1P ,n: \ v
favored in his line of business. lie has bad
years experience in tlie business, and
his personal attention. His
be first rate; and he hopes,
efforts toplease, to receive a
age of a liberal public.
all descriptions, will be done
|^|jjj^H|jpi^' i l'iiotice, and in the most fashion
pKdicala ’ B. F. CRANE.
Dec. 2,—3l—tf
FOUR months after date application will be
made to the honorable Justices of the In
ferior Court of Madison county, sitting for or
dinary purposes, for leave to sell part of the real
Estate of Benjamin Smith, late of said County,
deceased.
SIDAY A. SMITH, Adm’r.
Sept. 8,-19 —4m
FOUR months after date, application will be
made to the Honorable Inferior Court, when
silting for ordinary purposes of Habersham
county, for leave to sell all the Lands and Ne
groes belonging to the Estate of Benjamin
Vaughan, late of said Countv deceased.
JNO. H. JONES, Adm’r.
JULIA VAUGHAN, Adm’rx.
July 28,—13—1m
GEORGIA, CLARK COUNTY.
WHEREAS, Seaborn J. Mays applies for
Letters of Administration on the Estate
of William Hays, sen’r. late of Lincoln county
deceased. I
This is therefore to cite and admonish all, and I
singular the kindred, and creditors of said dec’d.
to be and appear at my office within the time
prescribed by law, to shew cause, if any they
have, why said letters should not be granted.
Given under my hand at office, this 11th Au
gust, 1838.
b DAVID J. FENN, ». c. c. o.
AUg^ st I B ’ 16 llu
GEORG J A CLAIIK COUNTY,
WHEREAS, Aaron Crow, AuDui'istrator of
Margaret Crow, deceased, applies for
Le tters of Dismission.
This is therefore to cite and admonish all, and |
singular the kindred and creditors of said dee’d.
to be and appear at my office, within the lime
prescribed by law, to shew cause (if any they
linyeJ why said letters should not be granted.
Givenutidcmrj ,i THialiLv of August,
DAVID J. FENN, d. c. c. o.
August 11—14—6 m
Agency, Augusta Ins. Bkg.Co.
At Athens.
HE undersigned is prepared to take risks
J. against fire, in this place, and the adjacent
'Towns and Villages, or in the country, at fair
irates of premium.
WM. M. MORTON, Agent.
July 28,—13—6m
FOUR months after date application Will be
made to the honorable the Inferior court o
Madison county, setting for ordinary purposes
for leave to sell the teal estate of Kitlis C.
Bridges, tlcc’d.
JAMES SPRATLING, Adm’r
de bonis non.
May, 26 1838—1 Im.
GEORGIA, JACKSON COUNTY.
ISAAC BORING, Tolled before me an estray
small sorrcll Horse, with a small White spot
in his forehead and a brand on his right thigh,
(but the brapd unknown) supposed to be. four
years old—-appraised by B. J. Camp and John
Hancock, to eighteen Dollars.
f JOHN G. HOUSE, J. P.
A true extract from the Estray Book, Sept.
I h»* 1838.
’ » WILLIAM COWAN, Clk.
pept. 5-20-21
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J JES X iH9 ie3 \ XX X ifIEJ XX 1 eTa I >B I 'M / 'JEr isS I X-J ijS i£a j *£9
:| <■ i g ) JI ;iz g 1 :l ;| I;| ;| I fl
THE NIGHT STORM AT SEA.
BY EFES SARGENT.*
’Tis a dreary thing to be
Tossing on the wide, wide sea,
When the sun has set in clouds,
And the wind sighs through the shrouds,
With a voice and with a tone,
Like a living creature’s moan I
Look, how wildly swells the surge
Round the black horizon’s verge I
See the giant billows rise
From the ocean to the skies !
While the sea bird wheels his flight
O’er their streaming crests of white.
List! the wind is wakening fast!
All the skie is overcast!
Lurid vapours, hurrying, trail
In the pathway of the gale,
As it strikes with a shock
That might rend the deep set rock.
Falls the strained and shivering mast!
Spars arc scattered by the blast,
And the sails are split asunder,
As a cloud is rent by thunder—
And the struggling vessel shakes
As the wild sea o’er her breaks.
Ah ! what sudden light is this,
Blazing o’er the dark abyss !
Lo ! the full moon rears her form
’Mid the cloud rifts of the strom,
And athwart the troubled air,
Shines, like hope upon despair !
Every leaping billow gleams S
With the lustre of her beams,
And lifts high its fiery plume
Through the midnight’s parting gloom !
While its scattered flakes of gold
O’er the sinking deck are rolled.
Father ! low on bended knee,
Humbled, weak, we turn to thee !
Spare us, ’mid the fearful fight
Os the ranging winds, to night!
Guide us o’er the threat’ning wave:
Save us !—thou alone canstsave!
From the Southern Literary Journal.
RANDOM RECOLLEC HONS OF REVO
LUTIONARY CHARACTERS AND IN
CIDENTS.
BY ONE WHO HAS OFTEN HEARD THEM NAR
RATED BY THE ACTORS IN THOSE TIMES OF
TRIAL ; OR, BY LOOKERS ON.
Wi'liam Cunningham, (or as he was com
monly called Bloody Bill Cunningham,) acted
too prominent a part in the partisan warfare
of Laurens, Newberry and Edgefied Districts,
in the Revolutionary times, not to be first re
membered and first noticed. He was a native
of Laurens District, and a distant relative of
Geu’ls. Robert, Patrick, and John Cunning
ham.—Of his parents little is known. His
father was an old man at the time when his
son’s career of blood commenced, and I pre
same from the incidents which was the first
in it. incapable of protecting himself from the
violent.
William Cunningham is represented to have ;
been a man of great physical powers, and of
fine personal appearance. One of his con
temporaries (the late Wm. Caldwell) used to
say, “that he had often heard it said, Cunning
hum was a coward ; but,” added he “whoever
said so did not know him ; he was as brave a
man as ever walked the earth.”
About the commencement of hostilities at
the South, in 1775, he enlisted as a private
soldier in the service of the State of South
Carolina, in a company commanded by Capt.
John Caldwell in Col. Thompson’s Regiment
ofßangeis. He served with great credit;
so much so, that the Captain was about pro- '
motmg him over the head of his own brother,
Wm. Caldwell, who belonged to the same com
pany. Some trivial offence prevented his pro
motion, and sent him before a Court-martial,
by which he was sentenced t > be whipped, and
he actually suffered the degrading punishment.
With Lis blood on fire, and vengeance his pre
dominant feeling he deserted the flag oi ms
country and fled to Florida. While there,
William Ritche kicked his aged father out of
doors, i y some means the intelligence reach
ed Cunningham ; he swore that he would seek
revenge m the blood of his father’s oppressor.
Heshouldered his rifle, and mostly on foot tra.
versed the country between St. Augustine and
Laurens District, and in Ritchie’s own house,
in the presence of hts family he consummated
his cherished and fell purpose by shooting him
dead.
He here first tasted blood ; and like the ti.
ger, the tuste created a thirst which could ne
ver be quenched. After that time he was one
ofthe most merciless of lhe Tory blood-hounds
who scoured the country, and hunted to the
death her gallant and suffering sons.
He raised an independent company of moun
ted loyalists.—They weru like himself bold
and daring spirits ; and many of them like
him had already tasted the bloodof private re
vc?.'qc. Some oftheii names are still reinem
bercu • William Parker, Henry Parker, Wil
liam Kilrne.’, Jonathan Kilmer Hall Foster,
Jesse Gray, Witn.am Dunahox. Isaac, Aaron,
and Curtis Mills Ned a.fll Urner, Mat
*‘"S Lave, Bill Elmore, Huboi.es, John Hood,
ana Mounner incn,
in theso random recollections, Wb y
have occasion to speak further. —One of h>c |
earliest fiats as a partisan officer,was a visit to
his old commander Major John Caldwell, who
had retired to private life. He found him on
a summer's day.sitting in hisown house, w ith
out shoes or stockings. He amused himselt
bv stamoing on his toes or kicking his slims ;
ami he concluded bis visit by telling him that
tins w as ample satisf .ctmu for the w h.ppmg he
had received while under his command.
His pursuit of Capt. Sam’i. Moore showed
his fiend like disposition. '«’hey met and char
ged each other. Moore gave way and f t .
Both were mounted, both were
men, both knew the ground over «ti,i.’ >
run. For mile’s Cunningham was m swuJO s
length, ami in a b<" rs»‘“ rt)ul st y 0 lll e od
his fixing foe <o redouble his exertious to cs,
cape.' -Push the rowels m S.mmy, honey,
was his coetinval j. ering observatum. At
length, like the cut tired of his play he cut 1 is
adversary down, at.d in his death he removed
another object ot his hatred.
ILs deeds of blood. Winehare, howc ei,
best remembered, are those wh ch ocCured m
w hut is culled the “bloody scout. 1 b>s o -
loWetl the execution ol Gov. Ruttledgc
politic order dirccimg the wives und chiimei
If the Tories in flic British service, to be sent
■»ii».wu»nninnrwiniiii 111 in itthttu 1 *' l "'!™J^!?£ l^y^y^7^wi»i»i2;iiiP-y<g«!gf}a—-i»l »
“WHERE POWERS ARE ASSUMED WHICH HAVE NOT BEEN DELEGATED, A NULLIFICATION OF THE ACT IS THE RIGHTFUL REMEDY.” Jefferson.
to the British lines near Charleston. This
was well calculated JMouse the feelings of
such men as Cunningham and his blood
hounds. He and they swore to be revenged
on all who had executed the order.
His company left Charleston in detached
parties, made their way up the Edistoe, con
centrated at Edgefield, and attacked Turner’s
station. The resistance was gullant but una
vailing. The garrison surrendered and was
put to the sword with the exception of a sin
gle man (Warren Bletcher.) In that affair
fell two of the Butlers, father and son—the
grandfather and uncle of the present Gover
nor and Judge Butler. Bletcher was saved by
Aaron Mills. It was a rule of the company
that after Cunningham had selected his vic
tims, each member might select the object of
his vengeance. Bletcher was known by tMdls
and was protected by him during the massacre.
When the company left the bloody scene, it
was determined that Bletcher should be con
veyed as a prisoner to the next halt, and there
probably his life would have paid the forfeit.
He was mounted behind Mills. As the com
pany proceeded at a round gallop, Mills affec
ted that his horse was overburdened, and began
behind ; he fell back behind first one
and then another until he was entirely in the
rear. The company had crossed a branch
grown up with cane ; as he approach it Mills
said to Bletcher, “Jump off and run for your
life.” He did so. Mills suffered him to gam
the covert before he cried out, “The prisoner
has escaped.” Pursuit in vain.
Cunningham was next seen in Newberry
District. When he crossed Saluda (perhaps
at tho Old town,) he met with and captured
John Towles. He had been concerned in send
ing off the women and children of the Tories
and had been especially engaged in driving in
their cattle. Cunningham swore he should
die in his trade, he therefore hung him with a
piece of untanned cow-hide.
At Ensley’s shop he killed Oliver Towles
and two others. —The only surviving member
of the Caldwell family of the Revolution, Mrs.
Gillam, then a little girl, visited the shop alone
soon after Cunningham had left it, to see what
consequences had followed from the report of
their guns. When she reached it she found
Oliver Towles and two others, her acquaintau- ;
ces, dead. One was stretched or laid out upon
the beer bench.
On his march to Edgehill’s Haynes’ station
he passed the house of his old commander,
Jno. Caldwell. Two of i.is men, Hall Foster
and Bill Elmore were his videtts in advance.
—They found Major Caldwell walking in his
garden, shot him down, and charged their hor
ses in and out of the garden in fiend-like sport.
When Cunningham arrived he affected to de
plore the bloody deed ; he protested with tears
that he would as soon have seen his father shot
as Major Cadwell. Yet in the next instant his
house was wrapt in flames, and his widow
left with no other shelter than the heavens,
seated by the side of her murdered husband.
His gallant brother, James Caldwell, whose
scarred face testified to his gallantry in the
most gallant aft’airofthe battle of the Cowpens,
finding her in this situation, forgot every thing
else than vengeance, and on the succeding day
his sword drank the blood of two of Cunning,
ham’s stragglers.
Hayes was a bold, inexperienced incautious
man. Hts station was at Col. Edgehill’s, in
Laurens district, that of Little River and Sim
mon’s creek to Orangeburgh. The dwelling
house built of logs was his fort. He was told
by Wm. Caldwell to put himself in a position
of defence ; pointing to the smoke he said,
“that is my brother’s house and I know Cun
ningham is in the neighborhood.” Hayes was
at work in a blacksmith shop, making a cleat
to hold a lady’s netting,and hooted at Caldwell’s
suggestions, saying that Cunningham had too
much sense to come there. Coldwell replied.
“I will not stay here to be butchered;” and
mounted and fled at full speed. As he went
out at one end of the old field he saw Cun
ningham’s company come in at the other.
The surprise was complete and overwhelm
ing. Hayes and his men almost without resis
tance, were driven into the house and Cun
ningham’s pursuit was so close, that John Tin
sley struck a full blow with his sword at Col.
Hayes as he entered the door. A lew guns
were fired. One of Cunningham’s men was
lulled 13 the assault, and one of Huyes’ men '
was killed in the house by a ball shot between
the logs. A pole tipped with flax, saturited
with Far. was set on tire and thrown upon the
house. It was soon in flames. Hayes and
his party on a promise of good quarters, (tis it
has alwavs been said.) surrendered. Cunning-
ham selected Hayes and Maj. Dan’l. Williams
(a son of Col. Williams who fell at King’s
mountain,) as his victims. He was about
hanging them on the pole bi a fodder stack,
when he Was accosted by a younger son of
Col. Williams, Joseph Williams, a lad of six- |
teen or seventeen years, who had horn infancy i
known Cunningham. “Caytain Cuimiugliam,
how shall I go home and tell my mother that
you have hanged brother Daniel '!” Cunning
ham instantly swoie that he should not have
that melancholy duty to perform. He hung
him up with his brother and Hayes. The
pole broke with their weight, and with his
I sword he literally hewed them to pieces.
While wiping his reeking sword, he observed,
that one of his comrades in cutting a captive
to pieces had broken his sword, —hr gaily
handed to him his, observing, that it would’nt
break. James Tinsley, Major Wm. Dunlap
and John Cummins were the only survivors ot
Hayev’party; Jas. Tinsley and his brother
Kinsman John 1 itßurvy.™
j years, James Tinsley assured me, that such
was not the fact, He said their lives were
saved by another ol Cunningham's party,
(whose name to my great regret has escaped
my recollection,) at the peril ot his own life.
Major Dunlap of Huntsville, Laurens District,
> was then u lad ; no one then or ever since
could be his enemy. He Was discharged the
next morning covered with the bloou and brains
of his comrades. John Cummins, (commonly
called King Cummins,) was too much the
Leather Stocking of the lower part ot Lau
reus District to be an object of vengeance.
Hu still lives at a great age to fight all the
battles over.
Passing from Hayes’ station to the west
side oi L'tlle River, Cunningham crossed at
Hmffi O'Nuall’s mill. This he burned. The
owmer, on the top of Edgehili’s nmtmlain, had
in sorrow und sadnesj witnessed the massucre
of his neighbots at Hayes station. Prom the
same lofty stand he saw his all. in a pecuniary
point of view , swept away by the firebrand
of him who never knew’ to pity or spare. Du
the next day he am! some other of the neigh
bors committed to the earth the mangled bo
dies of the slain al Hayes’station- I wo large
pits constituted the graves ot ail bo fell there ;
ATHEY'S, GEORGIA, SATURDAY, OCTOBER 6, 1838.
and there undistinguished and almost unknown
they still remain.
Cunningham encamped on the night suc
ceeding the massacre on the Beaverdam, at a
place now known as Odell’s mills. From this
point he commenced his retreat. His bloody
foray had aroused the whole whig population.
Col. Samuel Hammond from the time Cun
ningham passed Saluda river, was in hot pur
suit. Cunningham’s company remained em
bodied until they passed Little Saluda, at
West’s. It was there the late Gen. Butler
leading the van of the pursuit confronted al
most alone the whole of Cunningham’s compa
ny. Numbers forced him to pause, and be
fore his exhausted companions could teach
him, Cunningham had resumed his flight:
and breaking into detached parties, he and his
followers plunged into the pine barrens and
swamps of the Edisto country, and by different
routes reached Charleston.
On this or some other occasion, Butler and
his company chased a party consisting of
Cunningham, Foster and Hood.—Here again
Butler kept nearly pace with the pursued, but
his companions could not. In the midst of
the race Cunningham’s horse sunk in a mire.
While he was struggling out of it Cunning
ham’s trusty companions turned like lions at
bay again Butler’s vengeance for a father’s
and brother’s blood was prevented from taking
effect.
On another occasion, it is said Butler, sin
g'e handed, pursued Cunningham alone for
miles ; each of their horses straining every
nerve, ran on the jocky style, nose and tail.
Butler was often near enough to have struck
Cunningham’s noble and generous steed, and
thus disable him ; but this his generous nature
forbade, the rider, not the steed was his ven
geance. Cunningham’s pistol was often
thrown over his shoulder and snapped at the
pursuer. At length Butler’s horse sunk in a
hole in tho woods, and before it was possible
for his rider again to resume tho puisuitof
Cunningham, he was far beyond it.
The noble war horse which had borne Cun
ningham through so many of his bloody ad
ventures, and never failed him at his greatest
need, died in Charleston, and was buried al
most with the honors of war by his blood
stained master.
Os Cunninghan I know no more certainly,
save that in him tvas not fulfilled the Scrip
ture. The violent man did not die a violent
death. His life was sought most diligently
and fearlessly by the surviving kinsmen ot his
murdered victims. He lived to a good old
age and died quietly in his own bed in the
West Indies.
Here, as a contrast to this blood-stained
page, 1 may be allowed to tell of the lion like
daring of one of the mounted Independent
Loyalists. Major William Lee, of Union
District was one of the few lories whose
hands were notsoiied with plunder, and whose
sword was not stained with the blood of a
captive. Ilis wife and children were ordered
to Charleston.—They had commenced their
melancholy march under the escort ot a large
narty. The husband and father was in the
neighborhood. He repeatedly charged single
handed upon the party cutting down or shoot
ing one or more, nnd saying to them ; “I will
continue to do so until you suffer rnj wife and
children to return home.” His last charge
was made on the party while halted at Richard
Evans, on the Teatable rock road, within two
miles of where Newberiy village now stands.
He charged into the very midst of the party
and pursued their commander into the house,
striking the door with a full sweep of his
sword just above his head. This charge so
intimidated the escort that his wife and chil
dren were allowed to return home. He sur
vived the war, removed to the southwest, and
some years ago lived iti Mississippi, honored
and respected by all wlo knew him.
A glance at some of the prominent whig
actors in the lower part, of Laurens District,
and in Newberry District, with a detail of
such anecdotes as may be recorded illustrative
of the characters of the times in which th- y
lived may not be uninteresting.
Col. James Williams, with Major John
Caldwell, John Colcock, Rowland, Rugley,
Jonathan Downes, John Satterwite, John Wil
liams, John McNoes, Charles King, and Geo.
Ross, from the District between Broad and
cmuuu nori.--, was u mcmuSr ol and seiyed
in the Ist Provincial Congress in 1775.
It was their duty to prepare the means
of resistance on the part of South Carolina,
against the encroachments of the British gov
ernment. They nobly and fearlessly perform
ed the duty.
About this time, or perhaps before, Col.
Williams in opposition to the most popular man
in that part of the country, Robt. Cunning
ham, was elected Col. ot the Regiment ot
Militia which was then organized. '1 he ri
valry between them resulted in a personal con
flict, and unqestionably had the effect of se
vering their friendship as neighbors, and pos
sibly contributed to place them on opposite
sides of the great contest for liberty which
was then commencing, and which afterwards
Went on, and triumphed over all difficulties by
the blood and suffering of the brave, the hon
est, and the free. I shall be unable to give
any thing like a detail of his services. These
ought to have been preserved in the general
history of the Revolution; unfortunately, hoW.
ever, it has not been done, and by the death
of his eontemperies has perished much which
would have deeply interested us.
He was active and useful. Gen. Moultrie
in his memoirs, says “he Was a braVe and
I active officer, and warm in American cause.
11 large body of men, and
frequently lhe B|itish rties .»
11 IS remembered thruo )ded a detach .
incut ot militia in the battle of . it
is believed he boro a part in the utiforUimrre- 1
seige of Savannah.
“On the 18th of August, 1780, he attacked
a large parly of British and Tories at Mus- 1
grove’s mills on Encoree river mufor the com
mand of Col. Innes of the South Carolina roy
alists.Musgrove’s mills, called in Mill’s
Atlas, Gordon’s mill; ts situated on lhe south
side of Enoree river on the lower corner of
Laurens District. The British forces occu
pied this position. Col. Williams’ foice was
in Spartanburgh District, on the north side of
the river. Hts main body he drew up on a
creek, w hich runs into Enoree just below lhe
Spartanburgh line. The position was a mile
or two Irom Musgrove’s mill ; it was w i ll pro
tected by being in the bosom of a dense forest.
His little army was drawn up in a semi circle
and constituted a pretty ambuscade, fits ar
rangement for a battle was, that he wilh a few
picked men, would advance to the river, draw
up tlie attention of the British to them by fire
i 'i>o upon them, induce them to cross tho river
j keep up a running fight as the enemy ; ursued,
and fall back to the centre of the ambuscade,
and thus bring them entirely into his power.
The scheme was full and beautifully executed.
Col. Innes eagerly pursued William’s flying
sharp shooters,and as he advanced,the extrem
ities of Williams’ semi-circulars closrd be
hind him. He was thus surrounded, woun led :
and most of his militia command were taken
prisoners. Innes with his regular troops es
caped. Col. Chany who commanded a de
tachment of loyalist militia in the action often
related his own escape. “His horse” he said,
“was seized at the same moment by the op
posite cheek of his bit by two of Williams’
soldiers. He took advantage of the confu
sion of the melee with great presence of
mind. He said to his captors, “Damn you,
dont you know your own officers.” He was
instantly released by them and went off with I
the greatest speed.
In that action he took a prisoner, a very di
minutive man of the name of Gaul Hinson,
who had been under the Cofonel’s command in
the battle of Stono. Riding along the ranks
and examining the prisoners, he discovered
Hinst and very pleasantly said to him, “Ah.
my little Gauly, have we caught you ?” “Yes”
replied the little matt “and no damned great
catch neither.”
At the battle of King’s Mountain, which
was fought on the 17th of October succed
ing Col. Williams had a Brigadier General’s
commission from Gov. Rutledge i.i his pock
et. This would have given him command as
the highest officer in rank. He nobly conceal
ed the fact, and took his station as command
ant of his own men among the Indepen
dent Colonels who fought that action. This
1 command constituted one of the attacking co
lumns whereby Ferguson was successively
and constantly assailed. When last seen be
fore he received his death wobnd, he was as
cending the mountain ; his charger had been
shot through the mouth, and at every step he
was covering his rider with blood and foam.
When shot, he had turned his command and
was cheering orwards ; the ball fired from the
mountain heights above him took effect just
between his shoulders and ranged downwards
through his body. He fell within a few feet
of where Col. Ferguson fell. Both met their
late nearly the same moment. Col. Williams
was borne from the battle-field, lived through
out the succedtDg night, and died on the next
morning. He lies, I have been told, a mile or
two from the field of his own and his compan
ion’s glory, without a stone to mark the spot ’
where rests the body of old “King’s mountain
Jim,” as he is familiarly called to this day.
Family pride ought to induce his numerous,
wealthy, and respectable grandchildren, to do
that which his country has not done—erect a
monument to his memory.
From the Sunbeam.
THE INVITATION.
Doth thy spirit long to bo
’Neath the clear blue skies,
Where the flow’rs are springing free,
Os a thousand dyes?
In forests wouldst thou stray,
Where the leaves are stirr’d,
And there to listen all the day,
To the singing bird ?
Would’st thou be afar, afar,
Where the wild thyme blows,
And the primrose, like a star,
In its freshness grows?
Would’st thou be by the murm’ring springs
In the quiet dell,
Where the violet perfume flings
From its mossy cell ?
Come hither I come hither at early dawn,
To roam with me where the startled fawn
Is bounding away o’er the dewy hill,
When the air is calm and the earth is still.
Coins hither! in gladnesss and joy we’ll go,
To the mossy banks where the wild flowers grow,
Where the violet lifteth its head of blue
And the grass is wet with the pearly dew
Come hither ! we’ll stray at the twilight dim,
When the birds are singing their evening hymn.
And from every grove and from every tree
Bursts forth a gush of rich melody
Como hither! oh letme but hear thy tone)
Sing me thy song in the copses lone,
Where we may list to the wild bee’s hum,
Why dost thou linger? yet tome, oh come !
From Stephen’s new Incidents of Travel.
PASSAGE OF THE BEREZINA.
We left Vitepsk with a set of miserable
horses, rode all night, and it noon of the next
day were approaching the banks of the Bere
zina, memorable for the dreadful passage
which almost annihilated the wretched rem
nant of Napoleon’s army. It was impossible,
in passing over the same ground, not to recur
to the events of which it had been the scene.
The ‘ invincible legions,’ which left Vitepsk
two hundred thousand strong, were now fight
iug their dreadful retreat from Moscow
through regulars and Cossacks, reduced to less
than twelve thousand men marching in colli mi,
with a train of thirty thousand undisciplined
followers, sick, wounded, and marauders of
every description. The cavalry which cross
ed the Niemen thirty-seven thousand in num
ber was ieduced to one hundred and fifty men
on horseback. Napoleon collected all the of
ficers who remained mounted, and formed
i • . a-, .it. 1.. ~n . <TTxrTTm7fTf, rl
them into « 1.. miro,
which be called hts sacred squadron ; officers
served as privates, and generals ol divisions as
captains. He ordered the carriages of the
many of the wagons, and even the ea
gles belonging to the. different corps, to bo
burned m hts presence ; and draw ing his sword,
with the stern remark that he had sufficiently
acted the emperor, and must once more play
the general, marched on loot at the head ot his
old °gtiard. H« had hardly reorganized be
fore the immense pine forests w hich border
the Berezina echoed with the thunder of the
Russian artillery ; in a moment all remains of
discipline weru lost. In the last stage of
weakness and confusion they were roused by
loud cries before them, and. to their great, sur
prise and joy, recognized the armies ot Victor
and Oudinot. The latter knew nothing ofthe
terrible disasters ofthe army of Moscow, and
they were thrown into consternation and then
incited to tears w hen they saw behind Napo
leon, instead of ‘.he invincible legions which
had left them in splendid equipments, a train
ofgaunt and spectral figures, their faces black
with dirt, and long bristly beards, covered with
rags, lemtile pelisses, pieces of carpet, with
bare and bleeding feet, or bundled with rags,
, and colonels and generals marching pellmell
. with soldiers, unmanned and shameless, with
, out any order or discipline, kept together and
; sleeping round the same fires only by the in
. stinet of self preservation.
About noon we drove into the town of Bori
zoff. It stands on the banks of the Berezina,
and is an old, irregular-looking place, with a
heavy wooden church in the centre of an open
square. As usual, at the door ofthe post house
a group of Jews gathered around us. When
Napoleon took possession of Borizoff the Jews
were the only inhabitants who remained ; and
they, a scattered, wandering, and migratory
people, without any attachment ofsoil or coun
try, were ready to serve either the French or
Russians, according to the inducements held
out to them. A few noble instances are re-
I corded where this persecuted and degraded
people exhibited a devotion to the land that
sheltered them honorable to their race and to
the character of man ; but in general they
were false and faithless. Those who gather
ed around us in Borizoff looked as though thev
might be the very people who betrayed the
I Russians. Ono of them told us that ar great
battle had been fought there, but we could not
find any who had been present at tho fatal
passage of the river. We dined at the post
house, probably with less anxiety than was
felt by Napoleon or any of ths flying French
men ; but even we were not permitted to eat in
peace; for, before we had finished, our post
illion was ahead,and walked down to the bank
of the river. On the night preceding the pass
age, Napoleon himself had command of Bori-j
zoff, with six thousand guards prepared for a
desperate contest. He passed the whole night
on his feet; and while waiting for the ap
proach of daylight in one of the houses on the
border of the river, so impracticable seemed j
lite chance of crossing with the army, that Mu- |
rat proposed to him to put himself under the es- |
cort of some brave and determined Poles, and
save himself while there was yet. time ; but
the emperor indignantly rejected the proposi
tion as a cowardly flight. The river is here
very broad, and divided into branches. On
the opposite side are the remains of an em
bankment that formed part of the Russian
fortifications. When the Russians were driv
en out of Borizoff by Oudinot, they crossed the
river, burned the bridge, and erected these em
bankments.
It was a beautiful afternoon, and we linger,
ed on the bridge. Crossing it, we walked up
the bank on the opposite side toward the place
where Napoleon erected his bridges for the
passage of iiis army. All night the French
worked at the bridges by the light of the ene
my’s fires on the opposite side. At daylight
the fires were abandoned, and the Russians,
supposing the attempt here to be a feint, were
seen in full retreat. The emperor, impatient
to get possession of the opposite bank, pointed
it out to the bravest. A French aid-de-camp !
and Lithuanian count threw themselves into
the river, and, in spite of the ice, which cut
their horses’ breasts, reached the opposite
bank in safety. About one o’clock the bank
on which we stood was entirely cleared of
Cossacks, and the bridge for the infantry was
finished. The first division crossed it rapidly
with its cannon, the men shouting “ Vivel’Em
pereurThe passage occupied three days.
The number of stragglers and the quantity of
baggage were immense. On the night of the
twenty-seventh the stragglers left the bridge,
tore down the whole village, and made fires
with the materials, around which they crouch
ed their shivering figures, and from which it
was impossible to tear themselves away. At
daylight they were roused by the report of
VVitoensteiu’s cannon thundering over their
heads, and again all rushed tumultuously to
the bridges. The Russians, with Platow and
his Cossacks, were now in full communication
on both sides of the river. On the left, bank,
Napoleon’s own presence of mind and the
bravery of his soldiers gave him a decided su
periority ; but, in the language of Scott, the
scene on the right bank hud become the wild
est and most horrible which war Can exhibit.
“ Victor, with eight or ten thousand men,
covered the retreat over the bridges, while be.
hind his line thousands of stragglers, old men,
women and children, were wandering by the
side of the river liko the fabled spectres
which throng the banks of the internal Styx,
seeking in vain for passage. The balls of the
Russians began to fall among the disordered
mass, and the whole body rushed like distract
ed beings toward the bridges, every feeling of
prudence or humanity swallowed up by the an
imal instinct of self-preservation. The Weak
and helpless either shrunk from the fray and
sat down to wait their fate at a distance, or,
mixing in it. wero thrust over the bridges,
crushed under carriages, cut down with sa
bres, or trampled to death under the feet of
their countrymen. All this while the action
continued with fury; and, as if lhe heavens
meant to match their wrath with that ot man,
a hurricane arose and added terrors to a scene
which was already of a character sodreadl.il.
About midday the larger biidge, constructed
for artillery and heavy carriages, broke down,
and multitudes were forced into the water.
The scream of tho despairing multitude be
came at this crisis for a moment so universal,
that it rose shrilly above the wild whistling of
the tempest and the sustained and redoubled
horras of the Cossacks. The dreadful scene
continued till dark. As the obscurity came on. j
Victor abandoned the station he hud defended
so bi lively, and led the remnant of his troops j
in their turn across.. All night lhe miscclla- ;
neous multitude continued to throng across the
bridge under the fire ot tho Russian artillery. .
At daybreak the French engineers finally set <
' ! "e to the bridge, and all that remained on the j
OtllCl ~?l |, -i i ..1:.... ......... ..1.......-o niui 11 '
great quantity of guns and baggage, oOCalne
the property of the Russians. lhe amountot!
the French loss was never exactly known ; '
but the Russian report concerning the bodies '
ofthe invaders, which were collected aud |
burned as soon as the thaw permitted, staff s
that upward of thirty-six thousand were found j
in the Berezina.”
The whole ot this scene was familiar Io me i
ns matter of history ; the passage ot the Bern,
zina had in some w ay fastened itself upon my ;
mind ns one ofthe most fearful scenes m the |
annuls of war; and, beside this, nt bt. Peters- ,
burgh the colonel and prince had given me a j
detailed account of the horrors of that dreadful '
night, for they were both with Witgeiisteiu’s
army, by the light of the snow, the course of
the river, and the noise, directing a murderous
lire of artillery against the dark mass moving
over the bridge ; and nearer still, my compan
ion hud visited the place in company with his
uncle, ofthe Polish legion, and repeated to me
the circumstances of individual horror which
he had heard from his relative, surpassing hu
man belief. The reader will excuse me it I
Vol. Vi-Ao 23-
ve lingered too long on the banks of that
river; and perhaps, too, he will excuse me
when I tell him that, before leaving it, I walk
ed down to its brink and bathed my race in its
waters. Others have done so at the classic
streanFol I tuly and Greece ; bat I rolled over
the Arno and the Tiber in a v .tturino without
stopping, and the reader will remember that I
jumped over the Ilissus.
From the Cincinnati Daily Gazette.
ANTIQUITIES OF OHIO.
Mr. Editor: While on the geological ex
amination of Adams county, I observed from
the heights of several mountains, there called
“ knobs,” a conspicuous and insulated elevation
several miles to the northwest, which, for tha
purpose ol some topographical sketches, I de.
termmed to visit. 1 found it to be near Sink
ing Springs, on the road fiom Maysville to
Chilico’he, and within the limits of Highland
county. It is called, in the vicinity. “Fort
Hill,” tr m an ancient work which occupies
the topofit. After groping my way, without
a guide, one mile through a by-road, and an
other mile on fool through a forest, I reached
the top, which is u level table of 35 to 40 a
cres. Here I was surprised to find an ancient
work, in many respects surpassing all others
which I had seen in Ohio The mountain is
500 feet above the bed of Brush creek, which
washes its base, and 800 to 1.000 feet above
low water of the Ohio, and mostly of solid
stone, interrupted only by thin layers of clay
arid marl. Yet it is covered with soil and with
forest trees. The rocks proceeding upward
are, in perpendicular height, ascertained bv
the parometer, 150 feet of cliff limestone, 250
feet of slate, and 100 feet of freestone, covered
by about 90 feet of clayey soil,being a natural
stratum of slate and clay traversing the free
stone formation, the upper part of which is
here wanting. This terrace of soil produces
a luxuriant forest of sugar trees, elm, poplar,
oak, chestnut, &<•. some of which are 21 feet
in circumference, The whole is enclosed
with a ditch and wall, which is one mile and
five-eighths long, and flank d by four regular
bastions. Ti.e ditch is 64 feet wide, and, by
descending at first abruptly, gives, lhe appear
ance of a secund or interior wall. From thia
it slopes gradually to the immediate foot of lhe
wall, where it deepens suddenly again. The
base ot tho wull is 40 to 60 feet; and its out
ward slope is made to coincide with the precip
itous slope of the hii l , which, ail ari-u .d, is
about 150 feet, almost inaccessibly steep, and
below that still a steep hill to the base. Thus
by Nature and art lhe outward defence is a
wall of stone 100 feet in perpendicular height,
down which the defenders might roll the bro
ken fragments of freestone abundant in the en
trenchment, each man. with his hands alone,
being thus an efficient piece of artillery. The
height of the wall from the bottom of the en-
I trciichuient is generally from 4 to 7 feet, but,
in some places, it is 20 feet. The substance
of it U is been determined by the nature of the
materials excavated, and consists of stone mix
ed with earth. In many places the ditch has
been excavated by quarrying through the toJid
freestone. In one place only 1 saw the stone
laid in regular range work like masonry; and
this might have been th ■ natural strata of the
freestone left iu the wail by entrenching with-
I happened to have along with me my min
iature instruments for surveying, ot which my
“microscopic compass,” made by Troughtoil
& Simms, is the principal; with these I com
menced immediately a suivey by ••meander
ing.” This was a difficu t task, for the large
trees, and an abundance of pawpaw bushes,
did not permit us to range on an average more
than 150 feet at a time. I hid no assistance
except a lad, my son, who accompanied me.—
Yet, excited by the subject, 1 made net even a
halt, until after a whole day offatigue in the
heat, Without food or water, we had, by 49
lines of course and distance, come round “to
a sugar tree, the place of beginning.” 1 had
not the least idea of the form of the work until
I drew the plot, which “ closed” within 20
feet. It consists of four unequal sides, curved
inwards, and meeting in four acute “ salient
angles,” at which there are peculiar open bas
tions, the walls curving outward a little, lik-e
hut s of a parenthesis, and finally running pas.
allel to each side of a road which enters at the
very angle* This road comes up along a
ridge less precipitous than other parts of the
hili'. The north bastion is peculiar, and con
stitutes the citadel. The gorge to it is long
and narrow. The bastion is large, and, hav
ing four concave sides, has three little b tstions,-
thus constituting a complete fort within itself.
The wall girts the hill ar all points below the
level ofthe table within, but at the Citadel the
ditch commences with a perpendicular preci
pice of freestone 20 to 30 feet high, leaving
the t terior like the top of a castle, girt with a
moat and wall at its base. At distances near
ly equal, there are iu the whole line of wall 28
openings or gates. These were originally, in
ail probability, closed by woodwork, and the
wail itself surmounted with palisades.
1 n the midst ofthe enclosed table is a pond,-
winch, although it ha.l recently been drained
of three feet of its usual contents, still, uii the
251 h August, c mtaioed water. A chestnut
tree, six het i i diameter, standing on the top
of the wall, serves to mark its antiquity.—
Counting and measuring the annual layers of
woud whereun axeman had cut iuto the trunk,
1 found them at nearly 200 to the foot, which
would give to this tree the age of 600 years.
He r. much longer the wall had been standing,
1 saw no means of determining. A poplar
tree. 7 feet iu diameter, standing in the d.teh,
allowing the thickness to the layers which I
have found in like popl is. 170 to the foot,-
5 oars-
have seen, except that at the month of the
Gn at Miami, which I had lately surveyed.—
A figure of th is List work accompanies Gen.
Harrison’s Address on the Aborigines, lately
published in this city. These two woiks arc
as perfect a counterpart of each other as the,
ground and circumstances would permit, with
the difieicnce that Fort Hill is s ip: fior in
m gnitude, strength, and romantic site to that
on the Mn.mi.
Prcbablv no p'ttce in Ohio, and few places in
the world, are bettercalculat d by N dure far
! a•• stronghold” than Fort Hill ; aid no phu *>
of “ancient works” vet discovered show more
i skill in the design or labor in the exeewtinn.
Yet ’h ■ traveller who, from the above sketch,
■ shall be induced to pay the hill a -rsit, will
, likely be disappointed, for the de.ise fixwrt will
*The outline of th,? fort is that «f a naked leg an 4
' fo.f, with a slender ankle and sharp heel, being cut olf
I at the lower part of the calf hyaline curving down-
■ wards. The two corners of the shin and calf, the he. !
I and toe, form the four bastions, nnd the middle jew. »t
1 of the me the citadel