Below is the OCR text representation for this newspapers page.

* bY J. II. CHlUSTt & T. M. LAMPK1N,) EDITORS AND PROPRIETORS. 5 . J! a—ag—y————————— Dcwotcit to News, politics, £itcrahitc, Qkncral 3ntclligmce, Agriculture, $zc. I TERMS:—TWO DOLLARS A YEAR 1 INVARIABLY IN ADVANCE. . NEW SERIES—VOL/L, NO. 40. ATHENS, GA., THURSDAY MORNING, MAY 18, 1848. UNIVERSITY OF GEOROW LIBRARY VOLUME XVI. NUMBER 6. Ittisccllancons. j Mr. Lannaii’* Lcllers. We find in ihc National Intelligencer : the following letter to the editors of that' paper, from Mr. Chaules Laxmax, whose arrival in this place Wc noticed some time since. Many of our readers tire doubtless conversant with the fuels embodied in his description of the gold region of this State—to those who arc not, his letter will he found not only in teresting, but instructive: Daiilonbga, (Geo.) April 20, ’43. dn bv ; ndividuals. story is a matter of pop After the State Legidat the Cherokee Purchase ularlv numbered th : a good business. 1 used to spend umnicrs among tbc mountains of inlry had ever exceeded 1 lout one hundred per cent. Immense amounts of labor as well as < tlie Cherokee country, partly lor the money have been expended, and, gen-, purpose of keeping away from the fever, crally speaking, the condition of the peo-j and partly with a view of living over pie has not been improved; the very |green mountains. I made some money, wealth ofthecountrv has caused the ruin J and when the gold fever commenced I The following j took it and went to speculating in gold dar history.— . lots, though I spent many years without re had divided finding lots of gold. I associated with into lots and ] bear hunters, and explored every cor- n» it was ru- j her and stream of this great mountain' inorrd about the country that lot No. ■ land, away to the north, and have seen 1052 avus a great prize, and every body more glorious scenery than any other was on tiptoe with regard to its disiri- J Jive man. I’m forty years old, unmar- butinn-by the propose J-l«4tcry. At that j ried, lave good liquor, and go in for Uav- , - -v < i time 1052figured in the dreams of every i ing fun. ’Bout four years ago it came j^! 3 ® Cherokee word Dah-lon-c-gn Georgian, and those figures were then into my thinking mug that there must signifiesthe place of yellow metal; and is f ar more popular than the figures 54 40 be plenty of gold in the bed of Coosa bow applied to a small ha inlet at the | iave been in these latter days. Among creek, which runs into Coosa river. I foot of the Alleghany Mountains, ,n , the more crazy individuals who attend-j traded for a lot there, aud went to work. Lumpkin county, Georgia, which is re- C( j ,j ie Jottcry was one Mosely, who I found a deposite, gave up work, aud puted to be the wcclthiest gold region j ia j determined either to draw the much- ! went leasing small sections, which are jn the United States. It is recorded of ta |j. Cf { n f prize or-purchase it of the winner | now worked by a good many men ; and Do Soto and his followers that, in lhcj cven though it should be at the cost of ; give tne a decent living. I have had Sixteenth century, they explored this : j,}* entire pro^rl y, which was quite all sorts of luck in my day—good luck entire Southern country in search of, i ar ,j C# The drawing took place, and ! and bad luck. When I’m prosperous S old, and unquestionable evidences of| 1052 came into the possesion of a poor I always hope to be more prosperous IC1T Work have been discovered in % an- fnrmrr nnrnpil Kllfonn. Mn*plv immn. ! still, anil when I have had luck. I al- Qicir work have been discovered in vari ous sections of the Slate. Among these testimonials may be mentioned the re mains of an old furnace and other works for mining which have been brought to light by recent explorations. But the attention of our own people was first directed to this region while yet the Chcrokces were in possession of the land, though the digging of gold was not made a regular business until after they lmd been politely banished by the General Government. Soon as the Slate of Georgia had become the rightful possessor of the soil (according to law) much contention and excitement arose among the people as to who should have tbc best opportunities for making fortunes; and, to settle all difficulties, it was decided by the State Legislature that the country should be surveyed and divided into lots of forty and one hun dred and sixty acres and distributed to tbc people by lottery. For several years subsequent to that period deeds of wrong and outrage were practised to a ■very great extent by profligate adven turers who flocked to this El Dorado. In the year 1838, however, the Govern ment established a branch mint at this place, since wbicb lime a much better •■Jstale of tbings has existed in Dahlonega. <* The appearance of this village, though not more than a dozen years old is some what antiquated, owing to the fact that t the houses arc chiefly built of logs, and, j having never been painted, are partieu- ; larly dark and dingy, but uncommonly pictcrcsquc in form and location.-1 The population of the place, is about five nundred. It is located upon a hill, and though the country around is quite un- ving been deeply ravined by now “ : agents, when viewed in nth the mountains, (some 1 miles ofF,) which seem to l three sides, presents the ap pearancc of a pit to a magnificent am phitheatre. On approaching Dahlone- ga I noticed that the water courses had oil been mutilated with the spade nod pickaxe, and that their waters were of a deep yellow; and having explored the country since then, 1 find that such is the condition of all the streams with in a circuit of many miles. Large brooks (and even an occasioual river) have been turned into .1 new channel, and farmer named Ellison. Mosely imme- \ still, and when I have bad luck, I al- diately mounted his horse and hastened I ways wish for worse luck—if it’ll only to Ellison’s farm, where he found the ! come. I never allow myself to be dis- cbi Ul of fortune following the plough. TheI appointed The longer I live the more would-bc-purcbasermadeknownthc ob- i anxious am I to do some good to my fel- jeet ofhis visit, and Ellison only laughed | lowmen. I’ve passed the blossom of at the impetuosity ofhis impatient fricud. I my life, and I don’t expect to live many Ellison said he was not anxious to sell years longer; I hav’ut lived as I ought the lot, but if Mosely must have it, he j to have lived,but I bopeit’il be well with might have it for $30,000. Mosely ac- j me when I come to take my final sleep, ceded to the terms, and in paying for) But enough. I’m going out to my mine the lot sacrificed the most of his land- on a visit to-morrow, and if you’ll go ed and personal properly. The little j with me, I’ll show you some real Ver- property which was left him he was ■ moot trout, and mountain peaks which compelled to employ in working his would shame the Camel’s hump of old mines; he labored with great diligence Yankee land.” for several years, hut he could never j I did not accept Lorenzo’s tempting make both ends meet, for his mines j invitation, but I made up my mind that were not at all distinguished for their j he was an original. Some of the scene- richness. In process of time he was j ry to which he alluded I shall visit in compelled to sell 105*2 for what it would . due time, bring, and having squandered that rem- In former times, nani of his former wealth, he lclt the countiy for parts unknown, a veritable beggar. But, what is more singular than all, the present proprietor of 1052 is that identical man Ellison,* who is nually realizing money from the ore found i before intimated, the miners of this region were mostly foreigners and an abandoned race, but the principal deposites and veins are now worked by native Georgians, who are a very respectable class of people, handsome sum of Among them are many young men, who Iy-discovcred gold ’ labor hard and are intellligent. The dan- thc bowels of his lottery! gers of mining in this region are rather lot. j uncommon, owing principally to the Another instance of good fortune, un- j lightness of the soil. Many of the ac- uttended with any alloy, is as follows: | cidents which occur, however, are the Five vears ago a couple of brothers, i result ot carelessness; and the most who were a? work upon the Georgia J melancholy one I have beard of is as railroad, took it into their heads to visit j follows: A man named Hunt, together Dahlonega and try their luck in the min-1 with his son and another man named ing business. They were hardworking ; Smith, were digging for gold on the side Irishmen, and understood the science of digging to perfection. They leased one c been turned into a new ’channel, and thereby deprived of their original beau ty. And of all the hills in the vicinity of Dahlonega which I nave visited, I have not yeljccu one which is not ac tually riddled with shafts > and tunnels. The soil is pf a primitive Character, quite yellowish in color, composed of sand and clay, and uncommonly easy to excavate with the spade. Hereto fore the gold ore of Lumpkin county has been obtained from what is called the deposite beds, but the miners arc now beginning to direct their atlention to the veined ore, which is sitppoj two lots in this vicinity, and puled to he worth $15,000. And, now that it has-come into ray mind, I will mention another lottery an ecdote, which was related to me by an old resident. By way of introduction, however, I ought here to mention that this region is famous for the number and size of its rattlesnakes, and that our he ro had an utter abhorrence of the rep tile. Among those who obtained prizes at the great drawing, before alluded to, was an individval from the southern part of the Stale, who drew a lot in this vicinity. In process of time he came to the north to explore his prop erty, and hail called at the house of a former near his land for the purjwisc of obtaining a guide. Iu conversing with the farmer, he took occasion to express his dislike to die rattlesnake.; whereup on the farmer concluded that he would attempt a speculation. Remembering that in going to the stranger’s laud he of a neighboring bill. At the end of a tunnel, which was some thirty feet long, they excavated a large cave or hall, which they had neglected to support in the usual manner. They apprehended 110 danger, hut were told by a neighbor that their conduct was imprudent. The elder Hunt thought he would be on the safe side, and on a certain afternoon went into the woods to cut the neces sary timber, while his son and Smith continued their labors on the cave.— Night came on, and the father, having accomplished his task, retired to his home. On taking his seat at the sap per table it came into his mind that his son and Smith were somewhat later in coining home than usual. He wailed awhile, but becoming impatient set out for the cave, and, on reaching it, to his utter astonishment and horror, he found that the roof of the cave had fallen in. The alarm was given, and the whole village was assembled to extricate thp unfortunate miners, and by the aid of torciies the bodies were recovered. The boy was found in a running attitude, crtakcu while endeavorin' mother Mint in Philadelpha, are chiefly occupied with foreign ores. Of the two first mentioned, Dahlonega has thus fir been the most successful, the coinage in one vear having amounted to $600,000. At the present time, however, the bus iness of this Mint is said to be on the wane. The coinage ofjhe three branch mints mentioned is uniform with that of the mother mint, and it is all systemat ically tested there for approval. It thus appears that the whole establishment is uhiunch oftbe Treasury Department of the United Stales, and under the su pervision of the Secretary of the Treas ury, and an account of-itt*progress and condition of the bureau is&nuually given to Congress. The smallest amount ofgold ore receiv ed at the Dahlonega mint by law has to be worth one hundred dollars. When the miner has obtained a sufficient amount, he takes it to the Mint and de livers it to the Superintendent. That officer takes an account of it, and passes it over to the Assayer, who fixes its value, when the miner riceives the al lotted sura of money. The operation of coining is performed by the power of steam, and may be briefly described by the words rolling, drawing, cutting, and stamping. Some of the Dahlonega gold is said to be as pure as any in the world, but it is commonly alloyed with silver. One or two specimens were shown me, which were just one half sil ver; and yet it is said that silver ore is no where found in this seciiou of coun try. The value of pure gold is one dol lar per pennyweight; and I have learn ed since I came here that every genuine American eagle is made by law to con tain one-twentieth of silver and one- twentietb of copper. The word bullion, which we hear so often mentioned among commercial men, is a misnomer, for it is legitimately applied only to unwroughl gold, washed grains or gold dust, amal gamated cakes and balls, melted bars and cakes; and tbe word ingo, is applied to a bar ofgold, which may be manu factured into two hundred half eagles, one thousand dollars. To give a scien tific account of what I have seen in the Dhalonega Mint would probably pleasi my scientific ^readers, but, as I am no writing fox them, they must excuse me. “ What is writ, is writ; would it were worthier!” And now lhatl have been dwelling upon tbe origin of Gold, aodL the method of its transformation into coin, I cannot but cast a thought upon its moral power. It lies at the foundation of half the mis ery in the World ; and yet, when judi ciously employed, has power to rejoice the heart. It gave birth to the wonder ful science of chemistry; and though one of the most ancient of metals, it al ways attracts the human eye by its beau ty of color and texture. It dangles from the watch-fob of the old man, and glitters on the bosom of the young bride. For a little handful the sailor roams the stormy and soundless ocean, the me chanic toils at his bench or awl until the set of sun, and in some countries the midnight hour; the merchant denies him self the pleasure of!ife;the politician quarrels with his fellmv-men ; and for this handful of beautiful dust, this Dah- lon-e ga, does the poor author cm poly his brain. O Gold ! art thou not a strange magician—-at once a curse and a bless ing ' Total, high esteem, and cotton weaving stood at the head of the Mechanic arts. The women were all cotton spinners, and the weaving was done in tbe open air. Cotton wasiulroduced into China in the sixth century,and in tbe tenth into Spam. In the thirteenth century a company w&S. _ _ incorporated at Barcelona for the mamK facture of cotton, but it was only of t™' on t i le coarse kind called fustian. In the six^ y teenth century it was introduced into England by a refugee. The Aztees,or aucient Mexicans were acquainted with the manufacture of cotton The progress in the maufaclnre of cotton was very slow after its introduc tion into England. The thread was so coarse that it could only be usecV as fil ling, the warp beiug of linen. The ar ticle manufactured was called calico, ta king this name from Calcutta, in the year 17G9; no mills existed in England, and the manufacture was carried on by hand power alone; soon after the in vention of Arkwright, the most rapid progress was made, and the manufac ture largely increased. In 1S40 the capital invested in England in the cot ton manufacture, amounted to one hun dred millions pounds sterling* Tbc lecturer next proceeded to give some particulars of the life of Richard Arkwright from which it appears he was born in the year 1735, in the Coun ty of Lancashire, and was brought up to the trade of a barber. About the year 1760, he quitted his trade and travelled about the country as a dealer in hair. He came in contact with the cotton spinners, saw the difficulties un 5 the riiost extraordinary coun try on the globe, in the four ufost im- gbhint particulars of empire—jis his tory, its extent, its population, and its power. It has for Europe another interest— the interest of alarm, the evidence of an ambition which has existed for a hun dred and fifty years, and has never paused; ait increasc^ofterritory which has never suffered the slightest* casual ty of fortune; the most complete secu rity against the retaliation of European war; and a government at once despot ic aud popular; exhibiting the most; boundless authority in the sovereign,and the most absolute submission in the peo ple ; a mixture of habitual obedience, and di\ine homage : the reverence to a monarch, with almost the prostration to a divinity. Its history has another superk anom aly : Russia gives the most memorable ■instances , iu human annals, of the power which lie within the mind of individual man. Peter the Great was not the re storer, or the reformer of Russia ; he was its moral creator. He found it, not as Augustus found Rome, according to the old adage, “ brick, and lclt it mar ble ;” he found it a living swatnp, and left it covered with the fertility of laws, -d , 1 1 » • energy, and knowledge; he found ii der which they labored, and set himself j Asia ?f c and , eli h Eum b ’ , lu at work to invent a cotton spinning I „,i c.. r machine. With the assistance from a friend he went to work aud completed his machine in the year 1769. The first mill in which it was used was built of 1770, in Nottingham, and was moved by horse power. Ark- ght’s machine greatly improved the quality of the thread, and linen warp was no longer necessary. This distin guished man was persecuted in his life time by envious persons—in 17SG lie was made High Sheriff of the county, Knighted by George the third, and died the richest man in England, iu 1792. It was not until the year 1801 that power looms were worked successfully. Now there are in England 170,000 pow er looms, turning out nine hundred mill ions yards of cloths; but hand loom weaving is not extinct, it is estimated that there are 225,000 hand-loom wea vers in Great Brittain. In 1700, the consumption of cotton in England was only 1,200,000 pounds ; now it amounts i to 800,000,000 pounds, two-thirds of I which is the product of our own coun try. , , remov- far from Scythia as if he had placed the diameter of the globe be tween ; he found it not brick, but in and he transformed a region of huts to the magnificence of empire. Russia first appeared in European history in the middle of.lhe ninth centu ry. Its climate and its soil had till then retained it in primitive barbarism. The sullcnncss of its winter had prevented invasion by civilized nations, and the nature of its soil, one immense plain, had given full scope to the roving habits of its half-fatnisned tribes. The great in vasions which broke down the Roman empire, had drained away the popula tion from the north, and left nothing bui remnants of clans behind. Russia had no sea, by which she might. send her bold savages to plunder or to trade With’ Southern and Western Europe. And, while the man of Scandinavia was sub duing kingdoms, or carrying back spoil to his northern eragi and lakes, the Russian remained, like the bears ofhis j forest, in his cavern during the long win ter ofhis country ; and even when the summer came, was still but a melan- w* to the vei bo very abundant in all directions, is generally found in quartz nmi u spe cies cf si ate stone. The gold region of dcorgia, strictly speaking, is confined lo a broad belt; which runs in a norlh- fcastgrn and southwestern directum from Dahlonega, which may be considered its cfcnlrc. Several auriferous veins traverse .tbc town, and it is common af ter a rain lo sec the inhabitants busily engaged in huntitig lor gold in the streets. That huge quantities arc thus'accutnU- laled in these days l am not ready to believe, whatever may havo been uogp in former years. I know not that any very remarkable specimens ofgold ore lmvc been found in the immediate vi- ciaity ofDahlonega, but an idea of the wealth of the State ui this particular inny be gathered from the fact that sev- 1 icral lumps have heretofore, been found / in ditfetent sections which were worth might (if he chose to do so) pass through out-of-the-way ravine which abound- ed in the dreaded snake, the farmer j cape, and the man Smith was found beckoned to the stranger, and they took f clinging to a single post, which had their wav towards tlie ravine. 'After been vainly used to prop the ceiling of ^ they had arrived at the spot, hardly a die cave. rod did the pedestrians pass without J With regard to the moans employed ' hearing the hiss oi a snake or seeing its by the miners 1 have but one word to fiery tongue, aud the stranger was as say. The deposite gold is extracted from completely frightened as any one could the gravel by means of a simple machine possibly lie by a similar cause. In his | called a rocker, wbicb merely shifts and despair he turned to his companion andjAvashes out the metal. The vein gold is said : y^mmglit to light by means of what is “Arc snakes as plenty as this off over i called a pounding mill, which reduces tlie count ry ?” * jibe rock to the consistency of sand, when I cant say about that, strangei, but | the ore is.separated by the tftcofqoick- of my neighbors killed about a bun-1 silver. In (his particular department dred last year, and IVe beam tell that 1 ~ r ‘ ~ ' ~ *“* your land is very rich iu snakes.**;.;; “ Now I aint going any furthermttris infernal region, and I want to know, if you have a horse that you’ll give me for ray ianilt ’gold ore, snakes, am! all.” «* 1 have, and a first-rate horse tc*>;” From a lecture beforo tlio Boston Mercantile Library Association. History of Cotton. Tbe Colton plant was known, cultiva ted and manufactured in India many centuries ago. It is a plant which grows spontaneously all over the tropical re gions. The climates so necessary to to Cs>_ the'g roWl (, aud development, of the Cotton plant, forbid the cultivation of wool, while the latter product flourishes in the , cold regions where the cotton will not grow. The two products are admirably suited for the clothing ot the inhabitants of the regions in wbicb they respectively flourish. Manchester, and the country round it! c hoIy savage, living like the bear upon for twenty miles, are the chief scats of I roots and fruits ofhis ungenial soil, the cotton manufacture, and the motive j it was to one of those Normans, who, power of the mills is steam.. Out of j instead of steering his bark towards the nearly one hundred mills visited by »opulence of the South, turned his dreary the lecturer while in Great Britain, on- 1 adventure to the north, llmtRussia owed ly one was moved by water power, and I her first connection with intelligent that was at Landmark in Scotland.— * * ich were wortn c thousand doi- . have ail prmlui 1 Georgia has pi of their business the Dahlonega miners confess themselves to be comparatively tgnoruui; and what proves this to be dpced .into Upper "and Lower Egypt, tlie ease is the fact thuLsofiieoljlietr ore *jpbe Moors of Spain introduced it ii has frequently been wtiri' coiui time with constdei It’s a bargain.’ On the following morning, the stran ger, like the hero ot a novel, might be sccq’.mounted on a Dahlonega steed, pursuing his devious pathway lonely ri>ad towards the'south mi DCs. valuable specimens have Of the uncounted gold mi— _ M ^ been found in North Carolina ; hot while axe, found in this region, the most fruit- \ stuccoed Virginia, the.Garinas, mid jpabatua* r l ^— jj|jgj Bui the prominent aUruction ofDah- Jouega i have not yel touclif'il upon—1 allude'to the Mbit csUi&iduncut. The building itself, which is quite large, has anding appearance. It w; erected in 1837 r iit an expense oi $70,- 4)00, and the machinery which it t is built of brick, blit resemble si one. It ho re- i goodly amount of jd it. conceded that Ccorgi:. lias produce! the largest quau- lilv :nu! .Ic. idcJlylhu best ijreli^f . And now with /vuard to the fortunes that have been made in this region.— Thcv arc very few and for between.— But, bv way of illustration, 1 wilt give two or three incidents which have come my knowledge. Jn passing, howev er, J may repeal the remark . liil at tile present time iics about lwen-;give, employment to tv-five miles from here, in a northerly j ccive for jbeir services, collectively, the Jiicciioii, and is the property of Mr-1 sum of $12,000. The superintendent, Lorenao Dew Smith. And ihc seeeek,'. who r.lso nets as Treasurer, is J. i\ winch has ever attended Lorenzo is Cooeitit, (son, by the way, of rhekminus worth recording. In a conversation ; actor of that name;) the Coiner is D. H. that 1 lmd with him in this place, where ! Mason', who has a very mtercsl.ngcab- l»b noV*slaving, I remarked that 1- met ot minerals, and the As-avcr ts J.; nnec, - ■ ■ s to'ctnliodv lus liistorv in a L. Todd. The Dahlonega Branch Jinn ton. of civ note-book -and lie re- and the ona located, at Charlettcsville,! nine limes round her body. .Homo as tiillows : . . ! Xonb.Carolina, orefto only ones in tliir all goto prove that me Hindoos wlnel. com the gold .nil feet masters ofthe raauuiacui where ii is found. The ' ton. . . Branch, & well the I. The art of inanuiaeterc w a. held This mill appeared to be very judicious ly managed ; the operatives were neat, cleanly in their persous, and their houses tidy and comfortable. In summer, the females wear no shoes nor stockings, and only the married ones caps—the unmarried ones going bareheaded.— Tlie wages were about one half of those in Lowell; but the Scotch operatives were required to work only G3 hours a week, while those of Lowell are re quired to work 73 hours. The appearance of Manchester was then described. And the lecturer had not found the manufacturing population so brutal and degraded a manner as has often been represented. He did not find the managers so ern- el or aristocratic us their enemies charge that they are. And the mills arc own ed mostly by individuals, aud not by incorporated companies. As in this country, a rigid system of economy is required, and the rules ctir forced are no stricter than the exigencies case cleman.1. Bet the laws of though it is known to have enisled it, Parliament.bearing^especially upon the Kgvpt 550 years Ect&e Christ. manufacturer, are much mummy cloths are all made of linen.- ™> re stnngent than any he can feree Herodotus is the lirst Greek writer who 1 “P"" !,,s <T*ratm:s speaks of cotton, ami Ibis in brief refer-| Most of the iemalo operatives cau- ence lo India. The Homans received j not write, ant) all classes ot operatives the cotton manufactures from India.— j are grossly improvident, addicted to From this country, cmian was intro- gin, beer and whiskey drinking, In ' — ^ ” x,— I some peculiar branches of work, the into ! wages arc as high as inf this country— Europe. - but the general average is only about In the fineness ami delicacy ol the ] two-thirds of what is paid in American manufacture of Cottotl, the na»iVcs of i hulls. India had the supremacy for many ceu-J And the lecturer said lie should not turies. These are to be attributed to | pretend to deny . that crime aml.desft- the fineness of their climate and the del- ! tuiion existed among the operatives, icacy of their sense of touch. Maiiy ! hut sun ply to asseruhat-their condition • ; told of the wondeful texture! was' not so bad as it had been represen- kind. The people of Novgorod, a peo ple of traders, finding themselves over powered by their barbarian neighbors, solicited the aid of Ituric, a Baltic chieftain, and, of course, a pirate and robber. The name ofNorman had earn ed old renown in the north. Ituric came, rescued the city, but paid himself by the seizure of the surrounding territory, and founded a kingdom, which he trans mitted lo his descendants, and which lasted until the middle of the sixteenth century# In the subsequent reign Wc see the effect ol the northern pupilage ; and an pedilion, in the style of the Baltic ex ploits, was sent to plunder Constanti nople. Thp expedition consisted of two '.umsaud canoes, with eighty thousand nen ou board. The expedition was defeated, for the Greeks had not yet sunk into the degeneracy of later times. They fought stoutly for their apitid, and roasted the pirates in their own canoes, by showers of the famous “ Greek fire.” Those in vasions,howcvcr,wefe tempt ing to the idleness and poverty, or to the avarice and ambition of the Ru: and Constantinople continued to be the great object of cupidity and assault for three hundred years. But the city of Constantinople was destined to fall lo a mightier conqueror# Still, tlie uorilicrn Irarbarian had trow learned the road lot?recce, and the in tercourse was mutually, beneficial.— ad during allies umphs of the great Tartar chieftaiu: a mightier conquest stopped him on hi$ way, and the Tartar died. Hibson Tousbi, in the beginning of the thirteenth century, burst over the frontier at the head of lialf ii million of horsemen. The Russian princes, has tily making up their quarrels, advanced to meet the invader; hut their army was instantly-trampled down, and- be fore the middle of the century, all the provinces, and all the cities of Russia* were the prey of the men of the wilder- ricSs. Novgorod alone escaped. The history of this great city Wrtulcf be highly interesting, if it were possible now to recover its details. It was the chief depot of the imrtliern Asiatic com merce with Europe; it hid a govern mem, laws, and privileges of its own, witli which it suffered not even the Khan of the Tartars to interfere. Its.population amounted to four hundred thousand—* then nearly equal to the population of a kingdom. In the thirteenth century it connected itself stHI more effectively with European commerce, by becoming a member of the Hanseatic League; the wonder and pride of the Russians were expressed in the well-known.half proverb, “ Who can resist God; and the great Novgorod V” There is always sorffolWitg almost rip- p.rortchiug to picturesque grandeur in the triumphs of barbarism. The Turk; until he was fool enough to throw away the turban, was the most showy person- the world. The Arabs, under Mahomet, were the most stately warri- . and the Spanish Moors' threw all. the pomp, and even all the romance of in the shade. Even thq chiefs of the “ Golden Horde” seemed to have had as picturesque a conception of su premacy as the Saracen. , Their, only city vvas a vast camp, in the plains be tween the Caspian and the Wolga; and while they left the provinces in the hands of the native princes and enjoyed them selves in t(ic manlier sports of hunting through the plains and mountains, they commanded that every vassal prince should attend at the imperial tent to re ceive permission to reign, or perhaps to liye; and that, even when they sent Tartar, collectors to receive lh<3 tri bute, the Russian princes should lead the Tartar’s horse by the bridle, and give him u feed of outs out of their cap of stale ! But arrmlrcr of those sweeping devas tators, one of those gigantic execution-' ers, who seem lo have been sent from lime to time to punish the horrible pro fligacies of Asia,now rose upon the north# Timour Khan, the Tatnariane of Euro pean story, the invincible, the lord pf the Tartar world, rushed with' his count less troops upon the sovereignties of Western Asia. This universal conquer-. or crushed the Tartar dynasty of .Rus sia, and then hurst away, like ati inun dation, to overwhelm other lands. But the native Russians again made head their Tartar masters, and a cen tury and a half, of sanguinary warfare followed, with various fortunes, and without any other tesv'U than blood. In the fiitlecnth century Russia be gan to assume a form. Ivan III. brokts off the vassalage of Russia lo the ** Gol den Horde.”. He had married Sophia, the niece of the Greiefe'emperor,to which wc may attribute.his civilization; and he deceived the embassies of Germany, Venice, and Rome, at Moscow* His son, Ivan IV., look Novgot’ctt which hp ruined, and continued to fight the Poleri and Tartars until he died. His sow Ivan, in the middle? of the sixteenth cen tury, was crowned by the title of Czar, formed the first standing army of Rus sia, named the Strelitzes, and establish ed a code of laws. In 159S, by the death of the Czar Feodpr without chil dren, the male fine of Rune; which had held the throne for seven hundred and thirty-six years, and under fifty-six sov ereigns, becatrire extinct. Another dy nasty of remarkable distinction ascend ed the throne in the beginning of the sev- critecth century. Michael Romanoff descended from the line ofRuric, by tbe female side waa declared Czar. His sou, Alexis, was, tiro father of Peter the Great, who with; his brother Ivan, was placed on the throne at the decease ofhis father, but- Imth under the guardianship of princess" Sophia. But tbe princess, who was tlie. daughter of Alexis, exhibiting an inton-, . . ( lion to sieze thbcrown for herself, a rev-. her old j place 1GS9, iu which the Greece iouuu iiuiuik tHiica in ucr «m» i . -. • -». • . ■ j. - •■‘rinirirTTri— "IT plunderer.and in the elercnll, centa- I , w f sent to ? convent. Ivan,, the Grande-tlukc Vladimir ' stories ...... — — ; a-,-i of their cloths,, aud among them the | \ Parisian Embassador is said lo j Coilou StiuUticu—The Commissioner have carried home lo his hfaster a eo- of l’atrnis in his recent an.inaj report of coa-nul, which, on being broken open j tlie. Agricultural products of the United was found to contain a piece of cnilnii' Slates, the growth oflSJB, says of Gol- ofsouic thirty yards in length, am! light: ton r . ■ as a consumer. On‘one occasion, an j . Tlie amount of cottoni raised m the Emperor remonstrated with hisdaugh'-Ulilll-reiit States is as fol.ows—estima tor, upon the indelicacy of her appear- j ting , slie being clothed in Hindoo eot- _ B I was bom in Vermont..'Iteame ■ me I>V an iuicUigvul gci.ilcman, that the i to this Southern country twenty-four ; ihe v, expenses of digging oat the gold itf this years ago as a eloek-pedkr, where TScw Or! plieii the rode was wrapped ad her body. The tales ]oo3 were per- ueiure ofcoi- illinoi*, kf-ntiKk*' Viorida, ArL&wws NoriL Cfuntinx. # Straih Carolina, TeoneisLTj/ ’ ry she ga a wife in the net the Emperor Basil JL; a gift made more important by its being accompanied by his conversion to Christianity. A settled succession is tlie great se cret of royal peace £ but among those bold riders of the desert, nothing ’Was ever settled, save by tire sword ; and tlie first act of all tbtrsfms.rm tbedeccase of their fa titer, was, to slaughter/ each >lher ; until the contest was settled in their graves, ami tlie last survivor qui etly ascended tbe-throne. But war, on a inigbtic? scale than the Russian Steppes bad ever witnessed, rolUpg over Central Asia, r The dry of Genghis Khan, which came, i.i -squadrons, hut nations, and barged, not like troojjs, but like tlnm- imbccilemroind aqd body, sur rendered tire throne, arid Peter bcoaine sole sovereign of Russia. The accession of Peter began the last' in J greatest period of Russian history. Though a raau^if fierce passion and bar barian habits, bel rad formed a high con ception of the value of European arts, chiefly through an intelligent Genevese^ Ljefort, who had been his tutor.—Bloclc-' wood's Magazine. Founds and I*cncc.-^-“ Will give m« them !«'" "»*?'• saali.-Na.; big i bo^fo a little., one, after giving .’Iglvc-you anotliae.peffnd- *** Pound away anrf be d --d ! 'Me; derclouiU, begau to pour down upon the land Dr. Franklin agrees. Dr. Franklm ; valley of the Wolga. Yet ‘the conquest says : take care of the. .pence and. ; tlio- dfUbssiu wori not to be added fo tri* pounds will take care of themselves mAm ♦ ^ mrnk.