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j-t.,•... mJ*.. .... r—m ' • JOHN V. CHBISTYf) - w . V EDITOR. k SSYSTaiO If© 33B^r§, a»©iil-ia®§, MI© 8KQB!BM» HSffJBiLMtBiKBSB. L & 1 (T. M. L.MIFKIN & U. J. ADAMS l ruoraiEToaa and rcausmcM NEW SERIES—YOL. ffl., NO. 37. ATHENS, THURSDAY, MARCH 14, 1850. *********** . ' ■ " - iJ • VOLUME XVII. NUMBER 49 Selected Jpoetrjj. I WOULD NOT l always! . wVTItcrr. con*doun of frailty, the lonely heart it Where Tuna, o'er the rnin of age* i* swelling A nijht dirge, unbidden, ere day-break rcturi .wi d„ Where .. ■ifiuire "f And tempests are piercing tbe dark midnight air. I would not lire always! Life’s scenes of commotion, i • Deceit and corruption iu eril control, j P erctl ' Upbraiding the penitent tear of devotion, I «—l Requite not the yearnings a'lied to my soul I would not live always! Devotedly I cherish The wild roving thought that would waft me away, From mocking delusions and day stars that perish. Vain pleasures receding, and hopes that betray. I would not lire always! My bosom’s deep anguish match, but the daughter was swords’ points with every member of the family, her husband included. Bul- wer bore her * incompatibility* as long as he could, in form, aud finally bought a beautiful bouse, in the country, not far from London, furnished it exquisite ly, and, suplying "her every earthly want, except his own society, left her to expend her eccentricities on her dogs, which, to the number ot upwads of a were her companions. Inpoiutof physical strength.Mr. Bulwer wgs much the weaker ofthe two, and, it was wbis- often made to feel it.*” (merely the soil, but by the express \ terms, the sovereignty and jurisdiction. She did more. She stipulated for the SPEECH OF 23R. BERRIEN, ' organization of territorial Governments or Georgia, j within those Territories. This was On Mr. Clay's Proposed Compromise.! iherefore sufficient authority for estab- i fishing Territorial Governments in the continued. | Territories of Mississippi, Alabama and But, sir, speaking generally, almost j*n Tennessee, which was Territory ced- universallv wars are terminated by; ed from North Carolina to the United treaty, and the conquests are transfer- States, and was in like condilion. red to the acquiring power by cession. 1 Then there remains the other class The real source and origin ot this power, of territorial governments, organized therefore, are to be found in the treaty- i u P on territory acquired by the United $l)e Cjumorist. Mild fain be delivered My heart for it* haven of refuge doth languish, - "More yielding in Warfare, le*» patient within. I would not live at way.*! Strange vision* do clui And Time'iliallowed token* are vanishing fa- . Where ri*e« the dav-beani of undoubted lustre, My (pint would wonder, from darkness released. livo always! Utougli joyance and pleasi Calling a Witness. i One o! ihe Judges of the Supreme | Court ol Louisiana, held a court lately i at Si. Francisville, to attend to some lo- jcal business. Among the cases that iking power and ighi be implied a: dent to the power u it is more genera express stipulation: of that power, stood by a brief e> the application of it By i he power enter into treaiies v derivatives. And loosen the manifold prompting* ofpeaci 1 would not live always! since left in sadness. Bereaved and forsaken, in -iilence to mourn; >uls in* camc up was a protested drafi, . upon which the whole question of the j laws of exchange came up. The law- i yers made their points, which was duly ! noted by ihe Court, who being through j the case, his honor called to the Sber- j iff—“ Is Chilly iri Court?” “Chilly,” said the perplexed officer, “who is be ?” “Oh,” snid the Judge, smiling, “ I meant Citiy’s bill; please inquire Mr. Sheriff.” That officer, as much puzzled as ever, being unwilling to trouble his honor with lurlher questions, marched O ! 70 shades, that encampan my dwelling I to „ ie door of the Court House, where hlv alliance; ye vainly invite . . , , , . . , ’ t dovotioo. while antliem* are swelling i With a IOU(! VO'Ce and in due form J1C bawled out, “Chitty’s Bill**—■•• Chilly* Bill”—■“ Chilly’s Bill,”—under the in pression that it was Mr. Chitty’s black man Bill who was wanted in Court.— An uproar of merriment at this take, convulsed the members of the Would fainly Kay ! I would not live always, where freed s Tbeir star-light of promise, 'oeath hcai furl’d: of spirit. rapture, a r, and happier world That waken to glory tl a light Ulisrcllann. Tbe Invcutlon of this Age. , sp, • • r ... . j bar, which all their respect for the Shcr- This is the age of great discoveries ; /r ,l„ p f •, \ . -n mi.„ -..:i ......i t..» '“» n,,d lhe Court failed to suppress. in all directions. The fail-road has be come the magician’s rod, the electric telegraph a wireol wonders, and ether and chloroform mysterious alchemic*. A,tooth can be extracted, a leg cut off, an incision made into the most sensitive parts, and the patient at the close ask if the operation had begun. Speeches uttered at ten o’clock at night are print ed while we are asleep, and they ap- ^ pear in beautiful type, on our hrenkfast table at eighty o’clock in the morning.— The rapidity-with which change fol lows change is also rcmarknble. Things that took a century to do some time ago, are now finished off in the course of a day. A new feature, however, is, that men cease to be afraid, ns they used to be, of the discoveries of science. Reli clous men, on ihe contrary, hail them. They used to be in fear lest light from the stars should put out the suit of righteousness; they used to be appre hensive lest the hammer qf the geolo gist should break the rock of uges, or lest some arrangement among the stra ta of the- earth, discovered by some Buckland, should discredit the trut.i of God. Do not be afraid ol the discove ries of science ; do not stand in the way oT rruth with your silly fears. Let it comer from the laboratory of the chemist; let it descend from the observatory of tbe astronomer; it -will fall in with nod not darken the truth of the gospel. Another interesting feature is, that mind, genius, and talent are much more Ver Affecting.—A sentime youth having seen a young damsel shed- over something in her lap, took ihe first opportunity to be intro duced lo her, and made no doubt that a congenial spirit. “ What work is it that affected you so much ihe ilhor morning? ] saw you shed a great nany tears. Was it Bulwer’s last? 1 ' • I don’t know what Bulwer’s last is, 1 returned she, “ but I assure you I was doing a job that almost killed me. was peelitig onions.” It, b!i ri-igani s from foreign powers, apd for the or- n of governments, mthin those but \ territories it was always competent to: pose of exercising the powers just then j existed and the result of j lbe United Slates to d° whatever i inade in the exer- necessary for the fulfilment of its treaty I shall be under- i stipulations, which, by theactofratifiea- planation, and by ! l * on « became the supreme law ofthe land, to the case before 1 1 suggest to you, then, sir, that this ' ' you have to alone furnishes a sufficient explanation, 1 without resorting to the supposition that our ancestprs did not anticipate tbe fu- extension of the limits of the Re public, why there was no express pow er to organize Territorial Gpvernments contained in the constitution—namely, that the grant of such power was wholly unnecessary; that with regard to the unlocated Territory of the United States, that which was within the limits at tbe time of the formation of the constitu tion, it was competent for the Govern ment ofthe United to establish Govern ments by virtue ofthe transfer of the sovereignty of Virginia, and the recog nition of ihe validity of that transfer as an engagement of ihe former Govern ment by the constitution ofthe United States; that in relation to territory within the limits of particular States, the same power was acquired by the th foreign nations, l have acquired this Mexican territo- ll it were indispensable to you to resort to the principle that the right acquire gives you the right. to gov- u, I agree that the right might be de duced from that score. But this is not necessary, for there is in the treaty an express stipulation for the exercise of the power, which is equivalent to a grant, under which we are not only au thorized, but bound to exercise it, since treaties, when they are not.in conflict with the constitution, and when they are ratified by the competent authorities of the nation, become the supreme law of the land. In those treaties—in all of lliqsa which are treaties of cession—the right to receive the ceded territories is accompanied by the express stipulation lo govern, by the stipulation to protect them in their persons and in their prop erty, which can alone be done by gov ernment. The power, then, to govern a territory which is acquired by cession of a foreign nation, is a power deduced from the treaty by which that territory is acquired; which treaty upon ratifi cation, becomes the supreme law of the land. And now, sir, J think you may see what is tbe reason that there is no ex press grant in the constitution to organ ize Territorial Governments. That reason may be found in ihe fact that there was no necessity for itsjexisleoee there. Cast your recollection back to the period when the constitution fined lo foreign commerce, but applied ! for the denial to the South of the right of the influence (I have no doubt uncon- lo the interior commerce of the States; | which I am asserting—that of removing j sciously) operating upon the minds o! and, in passing that act, there was an : into those TerritoYies with their proper- j the judges who rendered them, from express reservation, showing the in- ty of every description. their own particular opinions, of tbo lention of Congress to confine them- I will make a brief remark upon unlawfulness of slavery. What is the selves to the exercise of the commercial! each of those propositions. The first j principle laid down then? It is this, power; to forbid the importation of‘ of them is that slavery exists by force namely, that a negro or slave, when be slaves into those Territories for the 1 of positive law, and consequently can ' escapes from his master and comes with- purpose of sale, and not to prohibit their! only exist within the limits of the State _ in the State of Massachusetts or Con- introduction by and for the use of the 1 enacting that law. Mr. President, I re- necticut, is to be delivered up in obedi- emigrant. That right is reserved.-:—! ally feel some hesitation in yielding to encc to the constitutional provision oo- The right of the settler to emigrate the belief that it is necessary, in the; the subject of fugitive slaves; but that there with his slaves is expressly al-! presence of the American Senate, to re- ; a slave who comes with that master, lowed. The acts of 1S07, ISOS and peat that this proposition is utterly un- who is voluntarily brought within their 1809, every body will at once under-1 founded in historical fact. There was • limits by his master, although not for stand, were acts passed for the pur-; not a British colony in which slavery j the purpose of residence, but transient- pose of exercising the powers just then j existed and into which it was iytroduc-; ly passing,, through that State in the ex- relieved from the fetters which the con-jed by authority of law. Slavery ex-fOrcise of his right as an American citi- stilution had imposed upon Congress, j isted in every one of the British Ameri-' zen—that such slave is instantly eraan- restraining it from inhibiting the for-j can colonies, without being sustained 1 cipated from the- bonds of slavery in eign slave trade. I by statute. Statute laws can be found which he is hold in the Slate in which The next thing to which we are fre- regulating a pre-existing slavery ; but his owner dwells.. statute laws cannot be found authoriz- Now, sir, when it becomes necessary, ing its introduction. What then?— when an opportunity is offered, I desire Slavery does not depend upon statute | that that question should be decided by laws, because it existed before there ! the supreme tribunal in the United States, were any such laws authorizing its ex- ! I agree that Massachusetts has a right, istence. ' as a sovereign Sjpte, to prohibit slavery In ‘Massachusetts slavery existed at there, and she has a right to prevent a very early period without any statuie any person from coming aud settling authorizing it. Nay, slavery in Massn- there with slaves ; but that she has a chusetts was not confined to Africans. j right to seize slaves of persons of the The. aborigines of tbe country -were re- ! United States, passing transiently duced aud held in slavery, and shipped from their ports and sold n sfer of the sovereignty of the ceding States. And with gard to such territory as should be ac quired from foreign nations, it was com petent to the Government of the United States to establish Territorial Govern ments in virtue of treaty stipulations which they were authorised to make and bound to execute. I have endeavored to show, sir, that the power which it is proposed to exer* cise, and the exercise of which these iolutions contemplate—the power to qqently referred in discussion here, tbe Missouri compromise. That com promise, we are told, was sustained by Southern as well as Northern men;; that it was an admission of the power of this Government to inhibit the intro duction of slavery into the territories, because, by it, slavery, is inhibited north of the prescribed line'; and that the power to prohibit it in any portion of the territory is. the admission .of the power to prohibit it in all territory. Mr. President, in relation to this sub ject, I take it for granted, (I was almost about to say) that gentlemen who use that argument .do not deceive them selves into a belief that the power which as exercised in the Missouri corapro- iise, was understood by those who sustained it to be in any sense within the constitution. In what was consid ered a great crisis, menac : ng dangers of a serious nature, they felt that they were authorized, under the pressure of the occasion, to assume tbe power which they exercised, relying upon the good sense, intelligence and patriotism ofthe people, to justify the assumption— j colony. It was a government ol trus- a power which the constitution did not tees, instituted for liberal, charitable, confer, and which they had no specific and benevolent purposes, for a long authority to exercise. In other words, j time resisting the introduction of slaves, sir, I consider that the Missouri compro-j under the belief that the labor which raise was admitted under the infiuence j they wished to carry on could be more through her limits, is a right which can- be admitted until it is affirmed by slaves. How then ? If this depended j a higher tribunal than that by which it upon the law of Massachusetts, was j has been decided. there any such law which authorized! Mr. President, the true proposition as the reduction of Indians to slavery, the ! I apprehend, is this ; Slavery exists in transportation of them to the West In-1 the Slate in which the owner dwells— dies, and the sale of them there? If j it exists out of the Slate in which . the there were, did the vendors mean to j owner dwells—once existing, it exists receive the purchase money for proper- i everywhere until it comes within the ty which, neither under their own laws | limits of a sovereignty which inhibits nor under any other, they had a right j it. I will not trouble the Senate with to hold? To prove this, sir, consult! reference to authorities ; but the propo- their own writers. j sition is so well laid down by the su^* In my mvn Stme slavery di.l not es- j P re | ne c °a« ■ffi.L.ouisiana, that l pre- the lime of the settlement of the ofthe principle talus publica supremaltx. j advantageously conducted by white It is a principle upon which, des prohibit slavery hi ‘ the Territories—is always, as far as it may be in my pow- - which can be defied from er, to keep within tnq •mOior.ity ol the either ofthe sources which I buvestated, and that there is no just decision orleg- An act of the Irish Parliament in 17S4 on the subject of franking, con tained the following legislative bull:— “ That should a member be unable to write, he may authorize another person to frank for him, provided that on the buck of the letter so franked, the mem ber gives a certificate, under his hand, of his inability to Write.” adopted—consider what were the ob- j islalive precedent in the organization jects upon which this power to organize ; of Territorial Governments which will Territorial Governments could be ex- sustain the exercise of such a power, [ercised. They were, first, the un local- j Bui, sir, it is attempted to rest this ed territory of the United States. And ; assumption of authority upon certain what was that ? The great Norlh-Wes- ■, legislative precedents unconnected with tern Territory, the subject of the fa- ihe organization of the Territorial Gov- mous ordinance of 1787. Now. in re- ernmeuts. It is said that Congress can spect to that territory, it was a portion : prohibit slavery in the Territories in ot'ihe Slate of Virginia, subject to the ihe organization of Territoriail Govern- sovereign Jaw of Virginia. While Vir-! meats, and that they have already ex- ginia held if, it was competent for her • cruised this power in several instances, to organize a government there; and j The first which I have seeo stated is when the sovereignty of Virginia was ; the act of 1798, forbidding life impor- transferred to the Confederation, if the ■ lation of slaves into the Mississippi Ter- constilution, I should not hesitate to stake myself in a case like that which then presented, or like that which ow presented. While I believe, with all the earnestness and all the force of conviction which my mind is pable of entertaining, that Congress possesses no such power as that which is claimed, yet, if I could see a pros Knowledge.—Knowledge, says Lord Bacon, is not a couch whereon to rest a searching and restless spirit, or a ter race for a wandering and variable mind lo wulk up aud down with a fair pros pect, or a tower of state for a proud mind to raise itself upon, or a sort of commanding ground for strife and appreciated in the present day, under I tention, or a shop for profit or sale, whatever guise, or garb, or denomina- but a rich storehouse for the glory of tkm they appear. Galileo saved bis the Creator, and the relief of man’s es- life by recanting the conclusive in-! rate. ductinns of science. Locke was ban- J . ~; : , Ubed from Oxford ; Selden was thrown , A VI r OL . BXT a, ™y s lhe re ’ into the Tower; Milton sold his copy- su l ignorance; for there is not right of “Paradisee Lost” for fi ve I a dau S« ,e [ of Eve that has merit enough pounds. In contrast with this, it is on- l°J u t s *»y * romantic love, though thou- Jy needful to refer to the immense sums ! fands inspire that gentle esteem which received for their writings by Scott, j is mfimtely better. A woman wor- Dickcns, Macaulay, etc. Such is 1 h e |« h, PP cr . an ‘ I a woman-hater both derive force of real genius, that it will publish - tbeir mistakes from an ignorance ofthe itself, though its possessor should be j fema,e worW i torjfihe characters m dotnh, and commanfftbe homage of all, women were generally understood, they while it appears io be the willing ser-j wo ! ,,d be found J°° lo be haled » ▼mot of ail. Once it had no chance ol] and y el n ° l £°° d enough to be idolized, emeiping from obscurity except by be-1 Praisb is a debl we owe unto the ffig t.rd io some great pairtm's in,I— virlueJ ol oth anll duc untoour ow „ Wopr. the ooblesl patronage w fan op-! rr „ mul , whoni roalioe balh „n, ma.le portuouj. Mind j. admiueil to-be a j muteS( „ r envy struck dumb Sir component element of true greatness., Thoma , Browne. Coronets, prebends, purple robes and; — lawn sleeves, M. A.’s and D, D.*s are j Leisure js a- very pleasant garment * and more felt to be mere wrap- ■ to look at, but it is a very bad page; while the goods are in the inner] wear. The ruin of millions maybe iDan, tho substance is the soul.—Scicn- > traced te it. fific American, federation had had the po’ e the transfer,the sovereignly which j had been heretofore in Virginia might have been exercised by the Confedera- There is, I presume, scarcely a lawyer,of the present day who supposes that the Congress of the Confederation had the power to do what they did. But validity was given to their act—not by the act of Congress adapting the mere agency provided by tlie ordinance to the state of things which existed un der the new constitution—not by that or any olher act of Congress, but by the clause of the constitution which de clares that contracts and engagements entered into by the Government of the Confederation should be obligatory up on the Government of the United States established by the constitution. Here, ritory from without the limits of the United Slates. If Senators will’ recall to their recollection tbe discussions which have been had upon this subject, they will remember that this enactment has been greatly relied upon by those who asserted the existence ol this pow er, and urge its application to the terri tory for which governments have now to be organized. They will recollect that when Congress, iii ]L398, prohibited the importation of slaves from without the limits ot the United Stales into the Territory of Mississippi, tbe inhibition in the constitution ofiho United States which forbade interference with the im portation of slaves into States, under certain circumstances specified in the clause, until 1S03, was still in full force. And now the point ofinqujiy is this; Experience taught them tho re verse ; and sucti was the pressure upon that Government that they found it ne cessary to surrender their authority to the monarch, and a royal Government was established. But even then slave ry was not established by statute, was not authorized by statute. It was ma ny years alter slavery existed in Geor gia that* you will find the first law on the statute book recognizing and regu lating the existing institution, wot intro- pect of peace by consenting to a line of! ducing and establishing it. division on the two sides of which these j NoWj ,[,; 3 ; 3 lrue j n re gard to all the conflicting opinions might he indulged j g lalc3 in w [,; c h slavery exists, that by those entertaining them, without dis- j |here wai n0 ] aw authorizing its inlro- rbing each other, I would cheerfully ; dul:t j on . it depended upon something beyond the limit of lhe Slate and conse quently was not confined to tbe limits of a State. If any body shall desire to trace the history of the introduction commit power, lyself to a like exercise of ith a perfect understanding that I had no authority to do so upon any other principle than that which I have staled. Now, sir, if the power which we are now considering, to organize govern ments in the Territories, cannot be de- l hen, was a contract entered into be-j was this tbe exercise of the jjower which tween Virgina and the Federal Con- you now contemplate, or of a totally gress, which was rendered valid by a distinct and different power? I affirm stipulation of the constitution of the the last. Congress has power,.to regu» United Slates. From lhat transfer of! late the foreign and domestictrohrmerce. the sovereignty of Virginia, and this re-J u f the United Slates. The power to in cognition of it by the constitution ofthe ; hibit the importation of slaves from United Stales, is derived lhe authority i.abroad was a power which was restrict- to organize governments in these territo- ] e d until lhe year 1803 ; and the exer- ries. When, therefore, Gongress have ( cise ot that power in 1798 by Congress organized governments for the several was justified upon the ground that in- lerrilories parcelled out of the North- bibilion did not extend to tbe probibi-. Western Territory, they have not acted , tion of the importation of slaves to to a under the power which you are now j territory. Those who choose to refer calling into exercise, but under the'] to the words of tlmconstitution will find power derived from the transfer of the a justification of Congress in these sovereignty by Virginia, and the^ pro- terms, “ The migration or inppottaiipq.. .*>•. *w. - Ladr Balwer. ^ . w The Washington gossip of the Charlei-1 s*ep *»as an inward awakening. - The - ^ton News gives some interesting panic- 1 y^uih awakes and he thinks.from ehild- «I«fs regarding the wife of Bultvcr, the j hood—the full-grown man despises the .Affliction.—Tbe sufferings laid up- pooned her husband in a novel. It seems t man on manhood as a feverish that, before marriage, she was “ apale,! dream. Is death the last sleep? No— bjuadsome, slender girl” Miss Wheeler i * * s »bfi last final awakening.—Sir Wal- by name—and aitraciecl his • attention | ter^Scolt. while fresh from college. .The attach- was a romantic one, and was stren uously opposed by Bulwer’s mother. ’‘Bui the lovers found a sympathizing fijend wjjo occupied a room up' three* pjtfr «f_siairs, where they frequent- f^rdrank tea. This female friend ul- tlmately succeeded in marrying the What is this worldt A dream with- vision of the constitution of the United of such persons us any of |he States aow a dream—as we grow older, each : Stales, which gave validity to that act. ..existing shall 'think proper to. admit. .» Km «« ...irantm. ' ri ’“ That disposes of the first class of shall not be prohibited by the Congress Territorial Governments organized by prior to the year 1808.” -Wbat-tben? the United .States, those in the North-, Why simply that Congress was not io^ western Territory. Now, with regard hibited by this clause ofthe ;constitu- to the second—that is,_ Governments tion-in their exercise of_lhe powe^ito, wbifch have been organized in Territo- regulate the. foreign? commerce of the ries, which were heretofore portions of, United States, nor in so doing - from different Stales. oi this Union, which prohibiting the foreign slave-trade were unlocal ed at the' lime of the adop-., in the Territory of Mississippi. v But tion of the constitution, and which have,! Congress did not venture to exercise — . r.Jewn? taking principle was applicable to them ;b>* slaves with him, for doraes.tic pur- is in the case which I have been jeon- poses, and establishing his domicil there. sent io you tbe following extract from it: “Slavery, notwithstanding all that may have been saitfaud written against it, as being unjust, arbitrary, and con trary to the laws of human nature, wo find in history to have existed from ear liest ages of the world down to the present day. In investigating the rights of the parties now before the court it is deemed unnecessary lo inquire into the different means by which one par| of the human race have in all ages be come the bondmen ot the other, such ascaptivit}’, being the offspring of those already enslaved, &c. : , &c. However, we are of opinion that it may be laid down as a legal axiom that in all gov ernments in which the municipal regulations are not absolutely opposed to slavery, per sons already reduced to that state may be hejd in if, and we also assume it as a first principle that slavery has been permitted and tolerated in all the colo nies established in America by Europe an powers, most clearly as relates to blacks and Africaus,” &c. After stating that this accounts for the absence of any legislative act of European powers for the introduction of slavery into their American domin ions, the court adds : “ If the record of any such act exists* we have not been able to .find any traco * of it.” * Now, sir, applying this doctrine to i: f derived from tbe treaty-making power, i Jhose of ihe frce Slates,-that, under it's lbe question under consideration, per- then it is either an implied power, and j j n |i uence , they are ready to trample up- soas brought to the United Stales from rests upon the principle that no iroplica-; OM ,j ie r j<dits of others, and eveu upon »he coast of Africa, who, according to lion can destroy that elementary princi- Lf, e constitution itself, will he found to the laws existing there—for there are pie. of equality which entitles every | j nve j )C en in their native land, for the kiws, and clasess or c.astes.even in that citizen of the United States to an equal i n ] osl _ art> j n u slale e f l | ae mosl a hj P ci barbarous country—who were in.a state participation in the territory acquired, { s | avcr y. it might have happened in of slavery there, are, upon the principle or it is an express power derived from j oae instance out of a thousand, that n of the decision of the Supreme Court the stipulations’of the treaty by which j j rcc African was subjected to the vio- ot Louisiana, slaves here:'that is the Territories were acquired, and then | | ence ‘ 0 f lbo power engaged in the ,be relation existing between maa- limited by the terms of that treaty s j avelra de; hut I say upotuhe author- ler and slavc » created upon the to the fulfilment of the objects for * of a W riter of established reputd- cwasl of Africa, continues untjl jhe lal*e which it was conferred. It is a power i ti £ n a citiasen of a free Slate—(I refer ter comes within a Territory whose tnu- which is conferred in terms for the pro-j to Mr. Banc roll’s work upon the colo t nicipal laws prohibit it. : \ i/** lection of the citizens in their persons . n j e9j now 0 p et , before me)—that lhe j And here I want the attention of'the and property, and cannot he extended s j ave3 which were brought from Africa j Senate for a momentjlo that' clause off beyond those limits to interfere with . were persons who were convicted of] the constitution whidh relates to the de- the essential rights which belong to cv- cr ; mcS| and reduced lo slavery by way | livery of slaves, and to its bearing upon ery member of this Confederacy. ,] 0 j punisluuent—persons upon whom jibe particular point we arc now consul-' Mr. President, that 1 may not unne- j fines were inflicted, and who were sold jering. You will observe, sir, that that cessarily trespass upon the time of the, im n slaveij' from their inability to pay j question is whether the property otan Senate, I will now, with their indul- j such fines—and persons horn in a state | owner in his slave can exist beyond tbo gence, proceed to the consideratioo of I of slavery. On the authority of the i limits of the State a question which has been briefly dis-1 same writer, I state that three-fourths * —-- 1 — - cussed here already this morning., I j of those persons, imported from Africa, mean the question whether a citizen of t and here held in slaver}', were in a the United States who is the owner ofigrate of tbe most abject slavery in their slaves has the right to remove, with j owb country. They were the slaves of them into the Territories of the United J petty African chiefs—they and their j States; more specifically, sir, whether j children. And then the - sympathy ' a citizen of the United States has the which has been awakened pHthis subject right to remove with his slaves into the | majtfind some alleviation by pursuing of slavery into the United Stales, it will be found to have resulted from the cu pidity of the English African Company; and those unfortunate Africans who duced from either ol the three first j have S() aW akened the sympathy of the sources to which 1 have referred, but is; peop | e 0 f x \ lC UnitedAftales, especially 1 so- to hope, and at last to glory. But the. sufferings we make, for ourselves are circular and endless, from sin. to yoffiig copple. ntiihor bFwhom ‘ihe ihpn thouglit, were -long for, this ,orme? one.aiklrt ..sever?soffenng world.' But to her surprise Miss Wheel- [ als0, er afterwards - * - * - - the fattest the. most ii a— t*** -S’ 1 - »• f > -*4. sidering. Georgia ceded to tbe United States an extent ol territory .which now constitutes lhe two great States of Ala- f bama and Mississippi. - While they rc^ i-uiained unclej the sovereignty of Geor- C mr- 111 U1CII- IllUIlh , UUl Sir The. net 06 1804 prohibited the . in troduction of slaves into Louisiana, from within or without the United Slates.— Tbe act of IS04, also passed.anterior t° the removal of the inhibition of the Territories-of California and New Mex-j the inquiry'whetherthe.slave of aheath- icb? . . iea chief i:i a barbarous land lias much Now, sir, as a general proposition,[cause to lament bis removal to a ebris*, personal property attends the person of j tian community, and his subjection to the owner, and carries witti it the rights the moderated domestic slavery which, which pertain to biro where he may j exists within, the United States? whelk* happen to be. But it ts said that slave-; -• - J J ,: . . 1 such a removal rendered the condi- 'ry exists only by virtue of the positive j ti on ©f the transported slave so much lavV oi the State which tolerates it;—j worse as to justify the attempts which -that it cannot exist beyond the limit of^ have been made-la-produce an excite- tbat State, and"especially that it cannot J m ent th^l shakes this Union to its cen- do so in the Territories ,of California! i re ? and New Mexico^because there are ex-i I was speaking of the proposition istjngIawslherewhicbiphtDit.it.- ; [which asserts that slavery exists only Sir, if it be possible, \jub the indul-: by law, and is limited to tbe State in gence of the Senate, to show^that these j which it exists. I know that this is the propositions are untrue— t^awoeither of; doctrine laid .down in- Massachusetts them can be maintained^-we shaltbaue; and Connectifeut; but I think it is utter- ruv.couvu.or me. .nn.Dumnorlaken away froar .hosawho <l«ayah*, ly iama..We, wUh alllhe re*P«ct»h«b stitution against iaierference wkh tbe right for which I am conleudmg Iho nq-, .nay be enlertained lor the learned slave trade.—This, tooi tyas in the ertTily ground upoa.which they have hither-[judges by whom these opinions were rem to[crcise ofikei same commereiaL powertlo ; atlempled to rest jt^aod hongrableipronoqoced, lor.aijy man loread-tbe d^pi^pfie.Gp^etWeat, which was not coo.- Sengtori. qptt mw* which the owner dwells, and.under the aiithrity of whose ^ laws he is supposed to hold it. The clause, referred, lo has an important- bearing upon file question. ' It id io - ** these words: . ■ • AJ*. _% ^ “ No person held to service or labor ^ ' in one State under the laws thereof, es^- , caping into another, shall, in co'nse- ■ • quence of any law or rcgulatiim therein, he discharged Irom such service or la^ t hor, hut shall be delivered up on claim ofthe parly to whom such service or la- ** * hor may he due.” ^ Such persons “shall not beditchaig-‘ cd,” though he is beyond the limits of that State under the authority of whose > laws he is supposed, and under that ad- ^ thority alone, to be held in slavery.— Altliough he is without the reach of that 1 authority by which, aud by which alone* he owes service and labor to his owner, r ' yet still, under this provisionUfthe.con- stitution of the United Stales, be shall not, in consequence of any law or regu-; lation of any other Stale, be dischargc&sj * from such .service or labor. Why, sir, if ' f . * the proposition were true against which-* I am contending, that the slave, wheth er by his own will or by the act of hist * j master, the moment he goes beyemdtho » limits of the State whose laws authorise' liii9Ut.be *he)d jn slavcryi is rel^sOd ' % ^ 'M b-