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JOHN U.CUB 1 # T Y ( { EDITOR. “ - -1 ‘ff.'D MSSisaifigM SsW& aifegiteRAa. * ’ ' j T. M. L l.WKIX * D< j. ADiUS 1 - noniRou jlns rcBiuauts JtEW SERIES—VOL. III., NO. 33. ATHENS, THURSDAY, APRIL 25, 1850. Volume ivm number 3 REPORT ON CALIFORNIA. .fcOJSCU-DED.] than the cultivation of the soil. Wheat, barley, maize, beans and edible roots, were cultivated in suffi- t s ’ 0 *l, j ciem quantity for home consumption, the climate is sufficiently warm to ma Tfc. flack 1 !.**** AtomTtaradav*' The valleys which arc situated par- 1 bul ’ a * far as 1 aro inJor;neil » not for ex- tore crops of Indian corn, rice, and pro- CM. fa it. ; arici , he c . mst rang,., ami lliose whirl, P° rlall ° n - Al ».al time • a full-grown bably lobMco. r^f.-SSfaS.5S5; e*ien<l easlwardly in nil dircclions i »*«'■ ” as ^. nh ^°“ l j The nnlfWlrB" of the grnpe ban at- and mdmAtliem in’th'eevruinn- among lbs hills, towttrdn the plain of ,' lu -‘?rs- 'Beef cattle, delivered on the traded much attention at the missions, H. b.. . livery stable .t M.rw, I j&cramrntd, are of unsiirnassed nIlv, S ablc "'alcrs of Sa.i Francisco, are among the residents of towns, and the jPuj'OTKa?'": feililiiy- P now worth from SSO to *30 per head;(rural population, had been auended . 1-^ .... i They have a deep black, alluvial j soil, which has the appearance ofhav- report their pro-J advantage of the southeast trade winds. COMPOUND SYRUP OF NAPHTHA. | hy .he fact .ha, the rising groifnds Ions*. Thu medicine tun decided the diaputr *itout, on the borders of these valleys, and the curability of orrfi<unipti<,n, and satisfied the nidi- \ many hills of moderate elevation, have L~£; I a • oil p.nciscly like, that of Ihe adjoin- cund. but they are as easily and simply cured, as al- \ mg plains. *«**">J «r wMcbth. humj. fir»u>o This soil is so porous, tlmt It re- is Uable. The operation of a single bottle, which costs .. \ \ li ft, « strflkient to Ratify nnv patiem-if not a |*o- ma ns perfectly unbroken by gullies,nol- getber too far gone aitli the disco#.—of this fact; anJ ■ withstanding the great quantity of even a.*ingVedoso giyos erideucet^ it# extraordinary j j pr which falls in it annually durinj influence in arresting and era<Ucaung (lie .malady by J 1 of the most emment phv«eian« of the '^t'wid.in* f himself, for ... retaliated to I good. And such has be udorful result of it* operations, that the London Lancct.Med- tad Tines, and the most eminent physician* of both hemispheres, arc anxioudr culling upon sufferers to hare immediate recourse to it, and proclaiming ttm of all kotnrn medicine, it alone has positive!; lished its eflkacT by • • • < ' sumption and all otlit So/’tWluni irely esfc curing c< Dr# Le Hoy’s SARSAPARILLA AND WILD CHERRY ** *' *- **** 9 The only Medicine at. once Strengthening, Purifying and Purgative, in existence. milESE Tills are the very perfection of medicine, us * they thoroughly purge andpttrify, without weaken- Ow, the system, which is tl»e great end that has long been sought for, but never before discovered. We said “ witho it weakening the system •” but in fact Dr. L* Roy • Pith strengthen while they puryt!— They produce no'straining !- ity. On the contrary, nnder their inflnt tion and fwijtentio* go liand in hand! By thi ■ *’“ r rather by a confederation of tho same time harden the the blood—fortify the digest! 1 the appetite—open the freely discharge all superfit attended with griping. natm “* ’- '“'-’w btfort tin tram*; eo that patients who take them can sei believe that they arc under the operation »*{ medicine, c under th a instead of the usual dcbili..,.,., s tires, they feel a glow of health and i Hy during the wet season. The land in ihe northern part oF the territory on the Trinity and other rivers, anti on the borders«l Clear Lake, as far as it has been examined, is unit! to-be remarkably fertile. The great valley of the Sacramento and-San Joaquin has evidently been, at some remote period, the bed of a lake ; and those rivers, which drain it, present the appearance of having cm their channels through the alluvial de posit after it hat! been formed. In Fact, it is not possible that they could bare been instrumental in Forming the plain through which they pass. Their jiend-waters come from the extreme ends oft be valley, north and south; and, were it not For the supply of water re ceived frotn the streams which flow into them from the Sierra Nevada, their beds would he almost, if not quite dry in the summer months. The soil is very rich, and, with a proper system of drainage arid embankment, would, undoubtedly l>e capable of producing any crop, ex cept sugar cane, now cultivated in tin \tluntic Stales of the Union. There are many bcuutilul valley md rich hillsides among the foot-hills I 'Anif * be Sierra Nevada, which, when the nnp!ta.-ant^is!i*lon;!.l ,r ^|* ,s °Hhhor in[ mining shall he re- ■** ,n other tv»s- j duced so as to cause its application to jj j agriculture, will probably support a tg Cfta-t* f>f |»urga- j hi/ge population. There is said lobe rich belt of well-timbered and water- !—no ilebil- ^ S‘e j ;lions—they I $10, j with much success, wherever it has been now valued at $60 to S150. The j attempted. The dry season secures destruction of cattle for their hides and ! the fruit from those diseases which are tallow has now entirely ceased, in con- j so fatal in the Atlantic States, and tl sequence of the demand for beef.— : attains very great perfection. This demand will of course increase! The wine made from it is of excel- with the population ; and it would seem lent quality, very palatable, and can be that, in a very few years, there will be | produced in any quantity. The grapes none to supply the market. jare delicious, and produced with very II we estimate the number of cattle, little labor. When taken from the now in Californio, at 600,000 head, ■ vines in bunches and suspended in a which is believed to be about the num-jdry room by the stems, they become her—and the population at 120,000, lor: partially dry, retain their flavor, and re- the year 1850—a low estimate—and J main several weeks, perhaps months, suppose it to increase one hundred I without decay. thousand per annum, there will be in j Apples, pears and peaches, are cul- the Territory or State, in 1854, five j rivaled with facility, and there is no hundred and twenty thousand people. reason to doubt that all the fruits of the If we adopt the estimate of those; Atlantic States can be produced in well acquainted with the demand, of i great plenty and perfection, half a beef, on an average, to each in-1 The grasses are very luxuriant anti habitant, it appears there will be a con-' nutritious, attar ding excellent pasture, sumption, in 18-50,' of 60,000 head; in The oats which spring up the whole 1851, of 110,000; in 1852, of 160,000 ; j length of the sea-coast, and from forty in 1S53, of 210,000 ; in 1854, of 260,- • to sixty miles inland, rentier the culti- 000. Making an aggregate of 800,000, < valion of that crop entirely unnecessa- which would absorb all the present; ry, nnd yield a very great quantity of stock, with its natural increase. . !.nutritious food for- horses, cattle and This is a very important matter, as j sheep. The dry season matures, and I connected with the amount of supply i may say, cures these gras; vated in the Atlantic States, are pro- [from injury by tcetweather, are probably ‘ ceedinga and awards to Congress, for i and “ standing broad off the Cfape,** duced in great perfection. In all the J sufficient to meet any expense which confirmation or rejection; will be the! make the voyage to San Francisco hi valleys east of the coast range ol hills ! may be incurred in irrigation, or caused best and perhaps the only satistaemry j as short a time as they can-to. Val- ' ' r a time, by a scanty supply of tint- I mode of adjusting- this complex and ; paraiso or any port south of California, r. | difficult question. j Vessels have sailed frotn our Atlantic In the northern part of the Territory, i The lands in the northern part ol the - ports to San Francisco in less than one above latitude 39 deg., and on the bills j Territory, above 39. deg., have not. hundred days, and they have been it# which rise from the great plain of the j been explored or granted. They are j more than one instance over one huo- Sacramento and San Joaquin, to the j supposed to embrace an area of about 1 dred and twenty days in going from foot of the Sierra Nevada, the forests of j twenty millions ot acres, a large por-1 Panama to San Francisco, timber are beautiful and extensive, and ; tion of which is doubtless valuable tor | This astonishing difference* in time would, if brought into use, he sufficient-! its limber and soil. ' j and distance, was caused by the course ly productive to supply the wants of j Comparatively few grants have been | of the winds and the “gulf stream*’ of the southern and western portions of obtained in the great valley of the Sac-J the Pacific, mentioned in my remarks the State. i ramento and San Joaquin. This vast i on the climate of California, I have spoken of the agricultural pro-i tract, therefore, containing, ns is csti-j The vessels from our Atlantic ports ducts and resources of the country with- j mated, from twelve to fifteen millions j took advantage of the winds by steer- out reference to the remarkable state of,' of acres, belongs mostly to the Govern-! ing/rom the Cape as far into the Pacific things caused by the discovery of gold, j ment. South of this valley, and west J as to be enabled to take a course west which it is probable * will postpone for j of the Colorado, within the limits of j ot the gulf stream in sailing northward, an indefinite time efforts to improve the! Californio, as indicated in her constitn- thus availing themselves first of the soil. As long as laborers can earn fif- j tion, there ore said to be extensive tracts southeast, then of the northwest teendollarsor more perday, in collecting of valuable unappropriated land, and trades” and avoiding opposing cur- gold, the}- can very well afford to im-jon investigation it will probably appear | rents. port their supplies from countries where that there arc many of them in detached j The vessels from Panama were kept the wages of labor ore not more than bodies, which have not been granted-, j back by calms, mlverse winds atul« which that country will ultimately quire lroni the Atlantic States of the Union. There is no other country on earth, which has, or will ever possess, the means of supplying so great a de mand. It is now a well established fact among the emigrants to California, that oxen possess greater powers of en durance than mules or horses; that they will perform the distance with loaded wagons in less time, and come the end of the journey in better condition. - Cows -are now driven in considera ble numbers from Missouri, and the time cannot be far distant when cattle from the western States will be driven c urate i • them a- THE great advantages posscroed hy this article or* * erery ether, arc Certainty, Hafetr, Convenience an.. , , Economy. Alt physicians a>hnit thru {treat danger is • ifo; great SIP to be apprehendod from «lroggui^ the eye when in an r . inflamed and unhealthy state. In the use of thi- Salve this objection Is entirely removed, as ho Imnu can po*.«iWy *e*ult from its use; ft Wing in all cn-es Applied to the external portion# of the eye, therein- avoiding all the inconvenience, p;iin and danger, wliicli necessarily attend the introduction of any pungent ar ticle into the eve. Its activity in subduing infitntmn- tion is so great that hut fcw cuse* require the use of more than oneholtle to effect a perfect cure. One phy- •k-iaa remarked h> n*. after haring witnessed its ef fect* ia ttv«t*l instances that it was a “ perlvrt fire killer." All we ark is that its virtues be thoroughly tested, and that tlic directions lie strictly followed. Price 50 cents per box- that they remain in an excellent state of preservation during the summer anti autumn, and afford an ample supjily of forage. While the whole surface of the country appears parched, ami vege tation destroyed, the numerous (locks and herds, which roam oyer it, eon- lindein excellent condition. Although the-rnildness of the winter months and the fertility of the soil se cure to California ver3 - decided agri cultural advantages, it is admitted that irrigation would be of very great impor tance, and necessarily increase the pro ducts of the soil in quantity and varie ty, during the greater part of the dr}' season. It should therefore be encour aged by government, in the survey and of thousands to sup- disposition of the public lands, as far as rket. j practicable. . If California increases in. population j The farmer derives some very im- as fast as the most moderate estimate j portant benefits from the dry season.— would lead us to believe, it will not be j His crops in harvest time, are never in- five years before she will require more j jured by rain ; he can with perfect annually by i u U «... from .W -J .tun, j c< | coulll[v extend I » S . l he whole lenglli j 0 ? na “! IMPORTANT remedy, i of the gold region between it mul Sierra | 1 j.. DR. MITCHELL'S EYE SALVE. ; Nevada, some uvenly mile, in width. i There is op information sufficiently De spooling the eastern slope of ivy range to enable us to- lorui auv opinion of its general charnc- i l * ,nn wnc hundred thousand head of. fidencc permit them to remain in his after, or soil. Some of its valleys have bee ^ caU * e l ,er annum, from some j fiejds as long after they have been gath- visited by miners, who represent ‘l uarler « supply the Wants of her peo- ered as his convenience may requi equal to any portion of the -P*®* , , , n the westward ol it * t It must not be supposed that salt -! The great valley of the Colorado, sit- ‘ P«'» vi i s ' <>n s may supply this vast de- umeil between the Sierra Madre and inan(L Those who have attempted to r-! the Sierra Nevada, is but little known. * 1,vc °? such . food .* duri !’S . the . ! ,r l. sea ' ®,Ilis inhahiied by numerous tribes of ; savages, who manifest the most decided | hostility towards the whiles, and have | hitherto prevented any-explorations of ; I>». Gordon's VEGETABLE A XT 1 - II I L L 10 U S • - FAMILY PILLS. F IR tbccnra of H«tl#di#. OitWme**, Salt Rbeum, Rhaamatbim, I’ik#, Iloartbnrn, Worm.-. Drspep- «*, Cbolcra Morbus, Ptjbia in tlw Hack, Lim’ba and Joint*. General Weakm-Aa, Fit-, Con'-unn'itkaf, Palpita tion of th« Heart, Liver Complaint, Hrang in the Throat, Krrupel*-, Dealhes-, Dropsy, Astlima, Itching of the Skm. Fever: of all kind*. Cold-, (i„ut. Cmvel, Female Complaint«, Nerrovw CnropUinK and att other , Diwwici arising frotn impnritie# of the blood, aial wor- i | bid accretion# of the livemnd >t< tu«fh. Ererj disease to which the human fRtnte i# -ul.j J ' " n impurkiea of thc blood or denuigrni Those who have live on such food, during son, have been * attacked with scurvy and oilier cutaneous diseases, of which many have died.. There is no climate in ihe world their country, and do not permit emi- ! wl,cre ,norc ffesl > meal and vegetables grants to pass through it. Therefore, i are more esse !‘ l,a . 110 human health. In parties from Santa Fe, on their way to * ** acl are indispensable., California, are compelled to make must not be inferred that-cattle circuit of-near a thousand miles north- i dri ve n across the plains and mountains, ward to the Salt Lake, or about the i ^ rom western States, will be fit for same distance southward by the route 1 bee. on their arrival in California. But of ihe Gila. Although this valley j* one winter and spring on the luxuriant little known, there are indications that! pastures of that country will put them fertile and valuable. 'The name of the river “ Colorado, 1 is descriptive of its waters; they are as deeply coloicd as those of the Mis souri or Red river, while those, of the Gila, which we know flows through bar- U tbs digestive ergau* Dr. Gordon's Family Pills, B«bj CMBpouodctl exclusivelv of #uch ingredient# r* ■fern^galfinipurilie# from tb« bodr, opening the pores . 11 woul « seem impossible for a large cxtennDy and intanaUr,«>parMmg all foreign and ub- fiver to collect sediment enough in a f ml r v l,i ' rre " s °. i . 1 .’ » s ' v -'> crs s " oority oecaringq tree and Tigorona acfiontotbc Heart,' <» pf -ply^ ns to give It a name gtnoilj condition which would render them acceptable in any Atlantic mar ket. These grazing grounds are extensive enough to support five times as many cattle as may be annually required ; therefore, there will be no scarcity of food for them. quainted with a drover who he has no fears that they will be injured by wefor unfavorable weather. Hence it is that many who have long been ac customed to that climate, prefer it to the changeable weather east of the Rocky mountains. As already staled, the forests of Cal ifornia, south of lat. 39 deg., and west of ihe foot-hills of the Sierra Nevada, are limited to detached, scattering groves of oak in the valleys, and of red-wood on the ridges ami on the gorges of the bills. It can be of no practical use to spec ulate on the causes which have denud ed so large an extent of the country, further than in ascertain whether the soil is or is not favorable to the growth of forest trees*- 1. When the dry season sets in, the en tire surface is-covered, with a luxuriant growth ot grass and oats,- which, as the summer advances^ becomes perfectly dry. The remains of al) dead trees aud shrubs also become dry. These mate rials, therefore, arc very combustible, and usually take fire in the latter part of from fifty cents to one dollar per day. It is not, therefore, to be supposed that the soil will be cultivated more than the production of vegetables, fruits, and oih- arlicles so perishable in their nature that they cannot be brought from a great distance, will require. To secure this important market for the products and manufactures of the States east ot the Rocky Mountains is undoubtedly an object of the grealest importance, ii will be considered in ils proper place. PUBLIC DOMAIN- The extent and value of the public lands, suitable for agricultural purpo ses in California, cannot be ascertained with any degree of accuracy until some very important preliminary questions shall have been settled. It is not known whether the Jesuits who founded the missions, or their suc cessors, the Franciscans, ever did, or do now hold any title from the Spanish crown to the lands which they occupi ed. Nor has any investigation been made to ascetiaiu how far those titles, if. they ever existed, have been invali dated by the acts of the priests, or the decrees of the Mexican, government. A superficial view of the matter would be very apt to lead to the sup position that the Jesuits, so celebrated lor wisdom and cunning, would not fail secure that which, at that time, would probably have been obtained r»y merely asking lor it—a royal decree, granlin them all the lands they might require that remote country for ecclesiastical purposes. There have been sonic in * motions to that effect, but nothing distinctly known. These missions embrace within .their limits some of the Lvalauble lands in the Territory, and it is very important that it should be ascertained whether they belong to the Government, or may be justly lahned by individuals. Most of the land, fit for cultivation, south of latitude 39 deg., and west of the valley of the Sacramento and San Joaquin, is claimed under what pur port to be, grants from the Mexican government. St of these grants the minerals ! and metals are reserved to the govern-j ment—conditions were coupled with j many of them which have not been j. plied With. In others, the bounda- left California in December last, wilh ? summer and beginning of autumn, the intention of bringing in ten thou-1 W ‘ HC " commonly passes over the whole tot, Un.«M OMa'Sfeaf *S3X! lbo»'&lH»' discovered'and barn! ttnd sheep from New Mexico. • Tbia I defraying, in ils course, ! sinec'visiicd ils shores. Tlic probabili-! shows ihai ilia flocks and herds, east J°«»8 and trees. In Tact v, therefore, is, that this river flows (of the Rocky mountains, are looked ~ ***” unimpeding a Wood, thej Tender the aystem not uo/y Uioraeglil- •ouad cot also impervious to <Ii«ea?c, even when a 1 «thw »eqna have foiled. Within tlic laittwcfo “ »uf the most seems,to be the same process which has ig the ■5 liiroogl, an ailuv'inlvalley ofTerti'lily", iaireadvas'lhe source’from whM.~if,ej deslroyed-or prevented (begrowib of for- hich hus never been explored. This j markets on the Pacific are to be S BP* j ^? l lrees ol * *‘ ie P rwacs . the western gmrated forms of Dyspepsia have been cured by the conjecture is strengthened by the fact j plied. j States, and not any ^quality in tbc soil that ihe Indians who inhabit it are hos- i The climate and soil of California (*(»£<• and srhm death stared it# miserable vktiiu ldc nnd oppose, ns far ns they can. all: are well suited to the growth of wheal, fdWkoGiefaee. If Dr.Gordop>nil#ar<Mvpat«d|pt- v i persons who attempt to enter or ex-!barley, rye and oats. The tempera- -fn-m i an fewla thffittnarakimtosai aufSaLt^ 1 P* orc This has been their uniform : lure along the coast, is loo cool for the "vrofto* to fame" the name ot their mreutor, as a J course of conduct respecting ail por- i culture of maize, os a field crop. The hwfoetor ofhi# ycaeo. - . lions of the continent which have been 1 fact that oats, the species which is cul- I*-This mediane never foOs to cure the worst ra- _u„ i:._: t .l I.; .t- a .i„ o.-. ,. __ Pitta, in tine vrcck. •V ‘ Fa* afeflra detailed dracriptionof the Medicine, the wwwrd ila opera tioa, Um com pliant# it is adapted . to, and the core# it ha# performed we refer our reader. U emr agent#, a ho »H1 give ihcni * pamphlet grati#; fertile, abounding in game and the spon- ; rivaled in the Atlantic States, are an- product ions of the earth. * | nuaily self-sowed and produced As this valley is situated m the di- ! plain* anJ hHh along the coast, and vt routteTrom Sanxa’Fe to California, j as far .mland as the sea-breeze has a hs thorough exploration becomes ' * ~ * - - f ^ marked-mfluence on ihe climate, is suf- Gwenwidi ftweW Scar York, matter of vTry'grvai importance, espe- ficient proof that all the cereal gratis «!»Ry as it is highly probable that the may he successluMy cultivated without v JLUCI.VA eORWAL; . THE EUXIR Oi’ LOVE. oed far gca end prostration MNkcl iohrrwst tuy c oprvatkma. Jt# asrivaHod reputatiua elevated region^ to the north of it, cov-1 the aid of irrigation. eretKwitfc snow during most- of the j It is quite true lhat this auxiliary-was ye.-nCwil! force tlic line of the great na- f extensively employed at the missioos, •tional railway lo-'the Pacific through ! and undoubtedly increased the pro- soms portions of it. ^ ! duct of all crops to wflich it was aj>- 'fl f have- described situated > plied, as it will in any country on earth r, west of the Sierra Nevada, anti em- {if skilfully used. This does not prove, *■ 'bracing the plain of tlic Sacremento' however, that it was essentially ■nccessa- •od San Joaquin, covers an area, as, ry to the production, of an ample re- nearly ns I car. estimate, of between J ward to the' husbandman. The expe- fifiy and sixty thousand square miles, rience of all the old inhabitants is suffi- add would, nnder a proper system- of'cient evidence of this. If their imper- cuhWattoRr be capable of supporting a feet mod? ol culture secured .satisfacto " 1 ‘ ry returns, it is reasonable to -presume - m “DR^BT O n'RBY-i population equal to that of Ohio or New Ifork at the present (imeT - . ^ ^FRODOCTS OF CALIFORNIA. ^ferf Pncyiiiusr lo thc treaty of peace with * Mexico, and the discovery ot gold,: the exportable products of the count ry edn- Aisted almost exclusively of hides and ‘W. - The Caiifoniiaus were a pas- fhiW much mortal ten- .s-Avrtfl , t z r. ■ - 1 do not speak of the gold region, • rents. It will be perceived, therefore embracing the entire foot-hills of the j that there can he no inducement for Sierra Nevada, some five hundred miles ! vessels bound round Capo Horn, with long and sixty miles broad, in connec- , mixed or assorted cargoes, to stop at tion with the public domain, which may J Valparaiso. Callao, .Guayaquil, or any be embraced in the general laud system other port on the west coast, because for sale and settlement, for reasons J the exports of all those places will seek which will hereafter be assigned. a market at San Francisco ; and their The survey of the public lands on a | supply of merchandise, as return freight. system suited to the interests of the ! will be delivered at less expense than it country is a matter of very great im-can by vessels direct from Atlantic portance. In the inhabited portions j ports, American or Euro|>can. This of the Territory, the boundaries of ( tendency ;»f trade to concentrate at San Mexican grants, running as they do in. 1 Francisco, will be aided by the course all directions, will render the system of exchange. of surveys by parallels of latitude and 1 Gold dust is worth but $17 per ounco longitude quite impracticable. | in Chili. It is worth SIS at the United In all parts of the country irrigation j States mint. If, therefore, a merchant is desirable, and its benefits should lie : at Valparaiso has ten thousand ounces secured as far as possible, hy suitable in Sun Francisco, received in payment surveys and legal regulations. Most j for lumber, barley, flour, or oilier pro of the valleys are watered by streams duce, and desires an invoice of good; sufficiently large to be rendered very useful. It would therefore seem wise to lay off the land in conformity to the course of the hills and streams which bound and drain the valleys. A system of drainage, which would also secure irrigation, is absolutely ne cessary to give value to the great plain of the Sacramento and San Joaquin.— This valley is so extensive and level, that if the river3 passing through it were never to overflow their banks, the rain which falls in winter would render the greater portion of it unfit for culti vation. The foundation of sucli a sys tem can only he established in the sur vey and sale of the land. This can be done by laying out canals and drains, at suitable distances, and in goods frotn the United States or Europe, lie will gain $10,000 at the outset by sending bis gold to New York, besides saving something on the freight and insurance, aud at least one mouth’s in terest. . The countries on the west coast of America have no exports which find a market in China, or other parts of Asia. San Francisco will, therefore, become not only the mart of these exports, but also of the products and manufactures of India required in exchange for them, which must be paid for, principally, in gold coin or gold dust. Neither gold coin nor gold dust will answer as a remittance to China. Gold, in China, is not currency in any shape, nor is it re ceived in payment of import duries, or taxes on laud, or on the. industry of the proper directions, and by hating wide gins to the. rivers, that they may have plenty • people, of room to increase t/teir channels when their i The value of pure gold in China is waters shall be confined within, them by <m- j not far from $14 the ounce. Hcncc, hnnkments. the importer of manufactures and pro- It would be well also to regulate the* ducts of India into San Francisco vvjH price of these lands, so as to meet, in ! remit the gold coin or dust direct to some degree, the expense of. draining New York,, for investment in sterling them. bills on London. These bills will bo This system would, when agriculture' sent to London, mid placed to the credit shall become a pursuit iu California, of the firm in China frofo .whom the make this valley one of the most beau-1 merchandise had been received, and tiful and productive portions of the Uni- J who, on learning of the remittance hav- on. ; ing gone forward to their agents, will commercial resources. draw a six months’ right bill lor tlic The commercial resources of Califor- I amount, which will sell in China at the nia arc, at present, founded entirely! rate of four shillings and two pence or on her mclalic wealth—her vast mineral I tliree pence per dollar. . described embrace two .or three [ treasures remaining undeveloped, and j I have a statement before iqe from limes as much land as the grant con- her fertile soil almost wholly neglected ; ■ one of the most eminent merchants and veys* and this must continue to be the ease as bankers of New York, who was for - - - - long as labor, employed in collecting \ many years engaged extensively in. ifa© gold shall be more profitable than in f India trade, which shows that tjic profit any other pursuit which can furnish the sinews ol comme friendly to their .growth. The absence of timber and the ct inuance of the'dry season are apt* be regarded by farmers, oq first going into the couutry, as irremediable de fects, and as presenting obstacles, al most insurmountable, to the successful progress of agriculture. A little expe rience will modify these opinions. It is soon ascertained that the soil will produce abundantly' without manure ; thqt flocks and herds sustain themselves through the winter wilboot -beipg fed at the farmyard, and, -cortseqiienrly, no labor is necessary 10 provide forage for them ; that* ditches - are easily‘ dug, which presenWery ; good barriers for the protection of crops, until live fences The Mexican law required all grants made by the provisional government, with few exceptions, to be confirmed by the Supreme government. The great distance which separated them, and the unfrequent or difficult means of communication, made a compliance with the law so expensive anti tardy, that it came to be almost disregarded. There were other causes which led to this neglect.- - Previous to the treaty with Mexico and the imigralioa of American citi zens to that country, land, was not re garded as of much value, except for grazing purposes. There was room enough for all. Therefore the claim ants or proprietors did not molest each other, or inquire into the validity of ti tles. . These extensive grants are described by uatural boundaries, such as moun tains, bays and promontories, which, in many instances, might allow a variation of several miles in the establishment of a corner with chain and. compass- By the treaty of Gaudalupe Hidalgo, the United Stales purchased-all the rights anil interest of Mexico to and in California^ This purchase not only embraced all the lands which bad been granted by Mexico, but all the reserv- gain on 10,000 oz. of gold, thus re mitted, would be $34,434 44 And that the loss on the - same quantity, sent direct to China, would be 15,600 00 that a more perfect system would pro- i is not necessary to gather them. They iluce much greater fesuItV.’ There is can be used or sokl from the field yvbere they be planed, and have time to’grow.) ed minerals and ..metals, and also re forest trees jqay jig planted with little J versionary rights which might accrue, to labor, and in a very lew years.attain a (.Mexico from a want of compliance on sufficient size for '-budding and fencing ilhe part of the grantees with tbe-coudi-^ purposes. ; Tirtje may Rc~usefaIIy.em- rrions.of their grants,era teax* ofperfec- ployed in sowing various grain and j don in the grants. root crops, doring.the wet or winter sea- j It will Be perceived that this is a sub- son. There is no weather cold enough , ject of very great importance, not only to destroy root crops, and, therefore, it j to the people of. California but to the ! • r - -.%■ 1 ' mi _ ' Vi -. -.1 o...,, - 1 _ r grefflferi abundant evidence to p.rove that, in the rich alluvial valleys, wheat and Barley have produced . from forty to sixty bushels from one bushel pf seed, ’totfh- ovX irrigation. . Irish potatoes, Jurnips. onmos, in fact • • ‘ ; ■ ■•’•s United States, and uall* for prompt and efficient action on the part of rbe^Gov? eminent.,It is believed tbattbeappoint ment of competent commissioners, fuL ly empowered to investigate tbese ti tles, iiv a spirit of kindness, towards the Ipplrcd foolh^r objects. * ’ ’ |. clmtnants t .whb power to-confirm such IHbeSe iVihgsr jtc^^^.^tb, the The labor, therefore, re quired in the most of the. old States to lell ihe forests, clear- the laqd of rub-# bish, and prepare it-for seed, may here •be*f ^ - The day is probably not distant, however, when her minerals, especially the quicksilver mines, will lie exten sively and profitably worked ! t"- Gold is the product of the countrj', Total difference iu profit and . and is immediately available, in an un- loss' io .(avor of the re- coinqd slate, for all the purposes! mittance to New York, $50,034 44 of exchange. It is not there, as iu other j It will thus be perceived, that nature countries where the productions ofthe’baa so arranged ihe winds aud currents earth and of art am sent to markets— . of the Pacific, and disposed of bpr foreign or domestic—to be exchanged 1 vast treasures in the hills and tnountuins for the precious metals, or other articles • of California, as to give to the harbor of value. There, gold not only sup-* of San Francisco the control of lh« plies the medium of domestic tracle, but J commerce of that ocean, as faros it of foreign commerce. | may be connected with the west coast At first view, this state of things; of America: would seem to be unfavorable to an ex- 'Important as the commerce of the tensi ve intercourse with other partsof the | Pacific undoubtedly: is, and will be, to world because of the want of return ' California, it cannot now, nor will it frieghts of home production* for the vast ever, compare in magnitude and yaftie number of vessels which will arrive'to the domestic trade between her and with supplies. .The older Slates of the Union. These vessels, however making no Two years ago, California did not calculations on return cargoes, will es- , probably contain more than fifteen tbou- tiraate the entire profits of the voyage on _ sand people. That portion of it which their outward frieghts, an 1 become, on j has since been so wortderfuljj^peopled their arrival, willing carriers for a . by American citizens, was comparativo- cornparatively small consideration. ly without inhabitants^ without re- Tbis tendency in tbc course of trade, sources, and not supplied with the com- it would seem, must make San Fran- [ mod comforts of shelter afforded by a cisco a warehouse for the supply, to a j forest country. certain.extent, of all the ports of the ( Notwithstanding the great, distances Pacific, American, + Asiatic and the; emigrants have been compelled to u^v- Tslauds. , ;el to reacli the Territory,,more than one Almost-every , .article now exported I hundred thousand, have overcome all by them finds a ready market in,Cali- ] difficulties, apd spread themselves oyer fornia, and the establishment of a mint! q s h»U& and plaiass, have.been will brim* there nlsn 1 hit silver hullion.^ ...nnVia.1 frnm .I'lilanrai n* imi!.»-ailh#V will bripg there also the silver bullion, ’ supplied from distances as gre^ns lhey amounting to. more than ten millions per, themselves have passed, with not only annum L-nm a. —m .t _ _ coni forts and life* Houses w ^ ( Jha>te bqcn imporied fnvn Ch«na, tfojli, Vessels -hound ropnd Cape Hnrn. uaqtl jhq AUauiic States of the Union,— with cargoes for'markets on thcAnaeri*, AU .the materials fequirt"* *" MMmm -•*i vrvs , , v HPI rT _ ........ jMlfinf tales as justice jq ay seem v>klc«BaD<t orjctn rcm^pCibe PaRifiFn can, by Riupsa.^pd' .towjsj; bay? &£&.•£$$$