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-Sr*# the waul* of a people to numerous, J to Sap Francisco. These latter vessel* destitute, and remote from the sources : will be found peculiarly suited lor lhal of supply. .<►- [trade; they can use their steam thro* These wnnl* will exist as' .long as the calms of the bay ot Panama, and einigrntioii cohtimir# to How into i lie j against head-winds and currents coming haps some of them thirty miles apart. Hence it appears that the gold veins equally rich in all parts of that country, and labor employed iu collect- south. mg gufd shall be none profitable than j These modes of conveyance, in conncc- its application to agriculture, the ine-j tion with the railroad across the Isthmus, sect and cut through ibe gold regii chanic arts, and the great variety rtf would be sufficiently expeditious and running from east to west, at irregular pursuits which nre fostered and so*-. economical to turn the tide ofcmnmerce, distances of fifteen uy.vventy, and per tained in miter civilized communities. between the Atlantic and Pacific btates -This may be shown by mentioning of the Union, into that channel. The the prices ol a few articles. Last sum- tendency of our commerce on the Pa- iner and autumn, lumber was sold in cific to promote the employment of tfan Francisco at 3300 to $400 per tboo- ocean steamers is of much importance sand leer. At Stockton and Sacramen-. as connected with the defence of our . w In city, $600 to $G00. At these prices, extensive line of const from latitude 32 which uniformly confirm what nature it could be made in the Territory, and cleg, to 49 deg., the protection of the 50 plainly shows in the rivers, many persons were engaged in the bu> I whale fishery, and other branches of j For the purpose of forming some rioess. I perceive l»y rrernt accounts, i trade on that ocean. The establish- opinion'respecting the probable amount that the- price had fallen at San Fran- I meul of a line of heavy steamers to Chi- ciscrt to $76; at this price it cannot be j ua would promote all these^objects doubtedly liecn cut or worn from the of the west season, we hav6 au estimate veins in the rock, with which tneir; ot $15,000,000 ; at least five of which currents have come in contact. All of i was collected bv foreigners, lyho pos- them appear to he equally rich. Thisj sessed many advantages from their ex shown by the fact that a laborin' man mav collect nearly os much in 0111 riveras he can in another. They inter- j These estimates give, as the result of perienee in mining and knowledge of j the country.' the operations in the mines for 1843 and 1849, the round sum of $10.000,000, one half of which was probably collect ed and carried out of the country by foreigners. From the best information 1 could remarkable sect inn of country. Were [obtain, I am led to believe that at least it warning, there arc further proofs of this in the ravines and dry diggin; made where labor is from $10 in $16 per day, and (lie difficulties attending its mauufactnre nre much greater than - in the Atlantic Stales. Lumber can be delivered in our large lumber markets tor mi average of the various qualities .of $10. and freighted to San Francisco tor $24, making $40 per 1000 fi.‘ This price would cause the manufacture of H in California to he niiundnned. We may add $20 per tlioosand, to meet nnv increase of price in the article itself, or in the freight, and the result would be tlic same. « It is probable that the demand, for several years to come, will not lie less than 20,000.000 of feet per annum, which, at $40 per 1000, will be $8,000,- 000. ■* Whan California comes to have n imputation of 200.000, which she will have before the close of the present year, she will require near balfa million of barrels of flour from some quarter, mid no country can supply it as good and cheap as the old Slates of the Union. Including freight and intu- ranee, this may be set down ns an item ! of about $6,000,000. The article of; clothing—allowing $20 to each jterson —would lm $4,000,000, There is no pieicnsion to accuracy in ihese items, and they may be estimated too high, but it is quite as probable they are too low. We have no data on which to found a calculation of what the value of the trade between the Slates cast of the Rocky Mountains and California will be daring the current year. I will venture the opinion, however, that, it will net fall short of $26,000 000. It may go fur beyond (hat sum. At present, I can perceive no cause which will retard or diminish emigration. If the movement shall continue 6 years, our commerce with that Territo ry riiay rench $100,000,000 per annum. Thitf‘is doubtless a startling sum, but it must be borne in mind that we have to build cities and towns, supply machi nery for mining, coal for domestic por- crcuse our intercourse with that coun- _ f and probably be the means of open ing communications with Japan. Mo ney wisely employed in promoting these objects, it is believed, would add more to the power and prosperity of the country than its expenditure on any general system «l fortification at the present prices of labor and materials. There is one point, however, ol such vast importance that no time should be lost in taking the necessary steps to ren der it pet feet ly impregnable—that is the entrance to the harbor of San Francis co. On the strength of the works which may lie erected to defend that passage will depend'ibe safely of Cali fornia in time of war with a maratime (lower. Permit a hostile fleet to cast anchor in the harbor of San Francisco, and the countty would be virtually conquered. The coast has not been surveyed, nor has its outline been correctly ascer tained. There are many rocks above and below the water-line, ami small islands uni mentioned nr indicated any chart, which render navigation near the (and, especially at night, ex tremely dangerous. An accurate survey of the coast, to commence at the most important points, the construction of light-houses and the placing of buoys in proper positions, nre objects of much importance, and it is not doubted, will attract the early at tention of the government. METALLIC AND MINERAL WEALTH. The gold tegion of California is be tween four and five hundred miles long, and from forty to fifty tniles broad, fol lowing the line of the Sierra Nevada. Further discoveries may, and probably will, increase the area. It embraces within its limits those extensive ranges of hills which rise on the eastern bor der of the plain of the Sacramento and San Joaquin, and, extending eastward- ly from fifty to sixty miles, they attain an elevation of about four thousand feet, and terminate at the base nl the main ridge of the Sierra Nevada. There numerous streams which have thei The employment of machi facilitate its collection, but it is not essential. Every man is master of his own movement*.— The case will be very different with the vein- mines, which yet renuin in the rock. To work them successfully will require machinery with horse or steam power, involving an expendi" who has the-purchase. The srmy and navy would be saved —S- f ro m demoralization, and prepared for service in caseot necessity. Many of the emigrants to California, especwllj' r washer, a spade and piefc- .ay, perhaps pital in proporlio No prudent r to the extent of the opera- value of treasure in the gold region, it will be proper to state the estimates which have been made of the quantity. Heeled since its discovery. Gold was first discovered on the south fork nl the American river, at a place called Sutler’s Mill, now Colnmn— late in May or early in June, 1848.— Information which could be relied 011. announcing this discovery, was not re ccived in this city until late in the fol lowing autumn. N«r immigration into the mines could, therefore, have taken place from the old States in that year. The number of miners was consequently limited to the population of the Terri tory—some five hundred men from Oregon—Mexicans anti other foreign ers who happened to be in the country,' or came into it (luring the summer and autumn, and the Indians, who were employed by or sold their gold to the whites. It is supposed there were not Jar from five thousand men employed in collecting gold during that season.— suppose they obtained an average 1 will make Mich investments _ in.! privileges shall have been clearly defined by law. In the absence ot all legal regulation, if a man were to discover a vein-mine, and incur the expense of Greeting machinery to work it, any other person, citizen or foreigner, might construct an establishment along-side of him, deprive him of his discovery, and destroy the value of his property. Henee it will be perceived that any law prescribing the privileges and dm should be so framed as to secure the me fertile soil in the.gold region dleys and rich hill-sides, which, under :es favorable to agriculture, would 1 empty into the San Joaquin, having I doubtedly be valuable for that purpose; but been, comparatively, but little resorted I present, as long as the collection of gold shall - A,,. ..c ,t—. u» reward lal 820,000.000 of the $40,000,000 were taken Irotn the rivers, and that their rich ness has not been sensibly diminished .... except in a few local ions, which hail early ; ties of rainei attracted large bodies of rpiners. This j rights of all. amount has principally been taken from 1 teall J[*, 1 ^ the northern rivers, or those which; (.jreunwtan to iiutil near the close of the last son. These rivers are howeve; lieved by those who have visited them. be- abundantly titivating the soil, the important matter to idered is, the proper mode of disposing of to be richer in the precious metal than : y \\ 0 |fe!e° n old h< is found Ih..«! in 1 lie northern pan ol'lbe g"W ro- ^eoperaUo,‘,^l7h"pre-emption 0 1.“., und'll! gion. | sale, so that it may now be regarded as the comm of the American people, and herealter h inheritance to their posterity; then provide foi those from the Western States, will remain aud form a resident population, but there will be thou sands of young ana. middle aged workmen, from all parts of the Union, who will resort to the mines for the purpose of obtaining the means to par- chase a (arm, or establish themselves in some favorite pursuit, an,! as soon as they have secured ■ sufficient amount will return, and their places v»U be supplied by others who will go and do like- This who wi Johnson and Gardner. It appeared iu testimony i Ibat the deceased had been drinking to excess for some twelve or four'ieeix days previous to the day of Iris marriage- ' TllOlTHERN WHIG. JOHN H. CHRISTY, EDITOR. e returned with and privatic The market in Calilornia for the product manufactures of the other States pf the Unioi enhance prices, which, with the gold collected and brought home by laboring people, will diffuse a degree of wealth and comfort hitherto unknown among them. The quicksilver mines of California are believed to be numerous, extensive and very valuable — There is one near San Jose, which belong* to, or is claimed by, Mr. Forbes, of Tepic, in Mexico.— j The cinnabar ore, which produces the quicksilver,; lies near the surface, is easily procured, and be- , lieved to be remarkably productive. Discoveries of other mines are reported, but no j certain information respecting them has been made ! in- •• iiidouhtcdly, a stance tha such vast i ng on California res, has provided, almost ighborhoou. the i of o There is one river which from report- recent discoveries, and not included a ointment fae'm the description of those flowing into ■ andasuffieimitnumber oT the great plain west of the Sierra Neva- to carry the law into effect, da, is as rich in gold as nny of them,— : Let.ihe office of comrnis That is the Trinity* which rises north "^ce- of the head waters of the Sacramento, pr j nc jp a i rivers, and in the i and discharges into the Pacific not far , tricts. Provide that any and from the fortieth degree of north lati- '* en t ude. j * an ‘ There are, as nearly as my recollec- , j tl st lion serves me, twelve principal rivers licet ill which gold has been found ; hut tn of the twenty millions in the above iimate was taken from six or seven them, where it was first d most accessible. Adopting the hypothesis that the gold found in the beds of these st r $16,o icli su iceiisc or permit to dig any where in the Territi hall discorer, or purchase of the discoverer a ve nine, shall be entitled to work it, to a certain t seven nl j tent under proper regulations, on paving the ci rered and missionersuen per cent.on the proceeds of the m suitable tax on tile privileges gra j duty to suggest for the I have already alluded t ary, alsc allow the thousand dollars each—which [ been cut from the veins in the quartz : is regarded by well-informed pers< as a low estimate—the aggregate I amount will he $5,000,000. ' Information of this discovery spread in all directions during the following winter ; and, on the commencement of the dry season in 1849, people cnine into the Territory from all quarters, from Chili, Peru, and other States on the Pacific coast of America—from the west coast of Mexico—the Sandwich Island, China, and New Holland. “ The emigration from the United States catne in Inst if we excep; those who crossed the Isthmus of Panama, and went up the coast in steamers, and a few who sailed early on the voyage round Cape Horn. The American emigration did not come in by sea, in much force, until July and August, and that overland did not begin to arrive until the last of Au gust and first of September. The Chi lians and Mexicans were early in the country. In the month of July it was pposed there were fifteen thousand for- sourees in the springs of the Sierra, and , signors in the mines. At a place called receive the water from its melting j Sonoranian camp, it was believed there snows and that which (alls in rain du- were at least ten thousand Mexicans. ring the wet season. ; They had quite a city of tents, booths, These streams form rivers, which land log-cabins; hotels, restaurants, have cut their channels thro* the ranges! stores, and shops of all descriptions, of foot-hills westwardly to the plain, j furnished whatever money could pro und disembogue into the Sacramento; cure. Ice was brought from the Sier- md San Joaquin. These rivers and creams added to poses and steam navigation, and nil the multifarious articles used in providing the comforts and luxuries of life, for half a million of people, who will have transferred themselves to a country which is to produce, comparatively, nothing except minerals and the pre cious metals, nnd whose pursuits will enable them to purchase, at any cost, whatever mny be necessary for their purposes. It is difficult to imagine or calculate the effect which will be produced on all the industrial pursuits of the people of the old 8lutcs of the Union, by this withdrawal from them of half a million of producers, who, in their new pur suits. will give existence ton commerce almost equal .in value to our foreign trade. Let no one, therefore, suppose he is not interested in the welfare ol seen along the ravines, and in the California. As well mny lie believe his i l *rin* overhanging the rivers, and in the i them to take possession of some of the interests would not be influenced by j hillsides in its original beds. It crops richest in that part of the country. In closing our pons-and cutting off inter- J°^ 1 * n valleys and on the lops of the; the early part of the season, the Amer- coarse with all the world. I ami forms a striking feature of the j icans were mostly employed from ten to fifteen, and probably somej tncrous other luxuries. An enclosure of them twenty tniles apart. The principal formation, or turn, in these hills, is talcose slate; the j served as a sort of amphitheatre for eu|M*rstratum, sometimes penetrating to: bull-fights; other amusements, elm n great depth, is quartz. This, liowev- j teristic of the Mexicans, were to be made of the trunks nnd branches of j trees, and lined with cotton cloth, not cover the entire face of the ' country; but extends in large bodies in! various directions —is found in masses 1 all directions The foreigners resorted principally out hern mines, which gave and small fragments on the surface, and ' them great superiority in numerical * L ~ . — r the Americans, and enabled itch timber ami other building ma ts his business requires ; and, also, to allow ho work under permit the privilege of erect- ms for shelter through the winter. Author- commissioner to lay out sites for towns in ient situations to the mines, and offer the lots , reserving the metals and minerals, so that may accumulate around them the comfoits ind enjoyments of civilized life. Let those who Jesireto cultivate gardens or farm lots be accom modated. It will be necessary, also, to authorize ihe sale of timber and other materials, for building and other purposes. There may be other sug- doubt wilt t r license to dig or collect cold through which they have forced their way. and considering the fact that they j c „ t re all rich, and are said to be nearly j foi quallv productive, we may form some j ,hl ilea of the vast amount of treasure rc- mr naming undisturbed in the veins which un through the masses of rock iu va rious directions ovfr a space o( forty or fifty miles wide, and near five hundred miles long. t may he allowed to form a con jecture respecting the richness of these veins from the quantity of lump or gold found in the dry diggings, where it appears to occupy nearly the amt* supc rfices it did originally in the >ck—its specific gravity being suffi- o.» one hundred irtil to resist ordinary moving causes number of 1851—it will gi —wc shall he led to an estimate almost heyond human calculat ion and belief.— J'3,ly ..veil the a.nom Yet, as far as I can perceive, there is no ooo. Any variation plausible reason why the veins which ! course, increase or dii remain in the quartz may not be ‘ A “ liable as those which have become sep- j bridges, to lacili orated from the decomposed rock.— th This matter can only he satisfactorily j decided bv actual discoveries. I j" g,l ‘® Tht; gold region of California having ' w |,j, ttracted a large share of public atten- ! vide, been lion, it was to be expected that suffgestions nnd propositions would be made with respect to the proper tnodc b" a|fo\ved7>ut"of of disposing of it. for tlio establishm The difficultv in arranging n suita- ■ the youth of Caitfiwuia. : "«« *-= »*»«»«., . i .i . r . that this will be d«ung injustice to the older Sti has been the waqt of accurate L ofthe VnU They will reap * harvest suffici lue ot one day's labo i fifty thousand min will give expended h»ci‘" iving di* but tor which they ' ige mine*. This tax probable number le of $800,000.— :rs—the p ,600.000, ish this , which would least $2,000,- posed will, ol liv- which n the country to supply a currency, difficulty is experienced in procuring en« pay the duties on imported goods. The circulating medium is therefore, gold dust is sold at $15 50 to $16 per oz. In the i is frequently sold much lower. The min laUuing men, are the sufferers from this things. Those who purchase and ship gold to ntic States make large profits; but thi dig lose what others make. I have estimated that there will be $50,000,000 :ol!ccted during the current year. At $>6 pet nince, that sum will weigh 3,125,000 ounces.' Gold, at the United States mint, is worth $18 ter ounce; making a difference in value on that quantity, betwenn San Francisco and New York, of $6,350,000, which would be saved to the miners ATHENS, SSOBjHA: Thursday Honing, April 25, 1850, • should b« Mtdrrwrd to it. 1 lm tab! ish n iuggested its importsn Ring and increasing our trail* Mexico aud South America, lot doubted that the construe and perlia pi coinmunicn- re to the pro- ID* The conclusion of Mr. King’s California Re port, which will be found in our present issue, has encroached so tar upon our space as to render it inpossible to give our usual variety of miscellany, nd at the same time circumscribed our usnal edito rial limits. The reader will lose nothing by it, however, as the Report, coining as it does from uthcntic and reliable source, will be tound in tensely interesting to the general reader—disclos- many facts concerning the interesting important portion of the country of which Is, which have not been heretolore in teach of the great mass of the people. Mr. K. has, we think, displayed singular ability in the manner and matter of his report, for which he deserves the tlianks of the country. The WheatCrsp. . We are gratified to learn, as'weda, from several gentlemen who have traveled extensively through the adjacent counties, and particularly those be tween this and the mountains, that the prospect of a good wheat crop was never more encouraging than the present season. The backwardness of the spring will.ot course, somewhat delay harvest; but from the great abundance of this grain sown in this region last fall, wc mny safely predict tl»* when it is gathered, it will be found to exceed in quantity the crop of any preceding year within the- ollectioii of the “ oldest inhabitant.” Since onr last issue some rather stirring inci dents have occurred tn vary the usual monotony of this body, which has for the last four months been occupied mainly in the discussion of the shipped to Europe fro s on the II gain instead of i bly an equal quantity. That from M< 1 are accomnitida- | pay for European importations into her ports res will never pro- ; the Atlantic side. concert of action ■ A market at San Francisco for this bullion ilish such objects, he the means of substituting American and Chi lv pay any mode- . f*bri should tho e of European r ny in ucwuuer anu mystiiv discharge me interest on tne amount stipulated lincl, and render a thorough in the treaty to be paid to Mexit-o lor California , of i, necessary, 10 a J t - : The distance round Cape Horn is to great that bread-stuff* and many other articles ot food deteriorate, and many others arc to perishable in their nature that they would decay on the passage. This would lie the case particularly vrith all kinds of vegetables and undried irnits'. * Until some more speedy mode nl communication sltall be established by which produce can lie transferred, the farmer* and planners of the old States will not realize the full value of this hew market on the Pacific.. Many other important interests will be kept back, especially the consump tion of coal. The American steamers now on that ocean, those on their way there, and others shortly to lie sent out, will consume not (nr from 100,000 tons of cottl _prr annum. The scarcity of wood in California will bring coal into 1 use as furl, as soon as it con lie entire country over which it extends.— forks of the American, and on near, j From innumerable evidences and indi-1 CJba and Feather rivers. As their cations, it has come to be the universal-! numbers increased, they spread them- ly admitted opinion among the miners selves over the southern mines, and aud intelligent men who have examined collisions were threatened between this region, that the gold, wheiher'in them and the foreigners. The latter, detached particles, and pieces, or in ; however, for some cause, either fear, veins, was created in combination with or having satisfied their cupidity, or the quartz. Gold is not found on the iboth, began to leave the mines late in surface of the country presenting the j August, and by she end of September appearance of having been thrown up many of them were out of the country, and scattered in all directions by vol-! It is not probable that during the cauic action. It is only found in parti- j first pan of the season there were more cular localities, and attended by pecu- ( thnn five or six thousand Americans in liar circumstances and indications. Il the mines. This would swell die whole is found in the bars and shoals of the! number, including foreigners, to about rivers—in ravines, and in what are [ twenty thousand the beginning of Sep- called die dry diggings. j tember. This period embraced about A very large pr»|»oriion of the pieces | half of the season during which gold hie pi: information on which a well-considered opinion might be formed. Its distance ; teron the Aacific to justify the most from the seat of government, dm conflict- , wf ^^$^000 000 as the ro ing statements and reports respecting f(ir isai* under the proposed system- it, served only to bewilder and mystify discharge th the publit examination lain whether its value is such as 10 ren- ^ der legislation necessary for its proper j half a million pet protection and management. [the indemnity to Mexico. If it appears, from the preceding part A? '^in it*, *' wou hi? of course^ merest *e the of this report, that it is sufficiently iui- revenue. It the vein-mines shall be found as ex- portant to require laws suited to the tensive and productive as the best-in formed per- pl -,_ condition and development ofits wealth, -som* suppose,, the right to work them, properly .. the j we are necessarily brought to the con- ot*usinj/machinery to advents Bear, j sideration of the p oper rules and regu- collection of a mnch larger pei radebef To th greatly increase th nd California, the honor to be, with great, respect, vmi servant, T. BUTLER KING. Hon. J. M. Clattos, Sec. of State'. try qu. and create 1 principal of i of gold found in these situation* have 1 may be successfully collected more or less quartz adhering to them.! rivers. . -- l™ many specimens, they are so com-i Very particular and extensive inqui- obtaitted at reasonable prices. Sup|»osc bined they cannot be separated without i ries respecting the daily earnings and there may lie, three years hence, forty j reducing the whole mass to powder, I acquisitions of the miners lead to tlie thousand . houses, which shall consume j subjecting it to the action of quick- j opinion that they averaged an ounce five tons perannum. This, with il test earn-. silver. “per day. This is believed by many ers, would be a consumption of three j This gold, not having been exposed j to ben low estimate; but from the best hundred thousand l«»n*. If delivered at • *° the attrition of a strong current of wa-1 information I was able to procure, ’ . 4*0 per ton, it would compete success- j ,er V retains, in a great degree, its origin-; • fully with the coal from Vancouver’s al conformation. Island and New Holland, and amount to r These diggings, in some places, $6,000 ,000. Spread over valleys of considerable ex- ,Th« construct ton of a railroad across! which have die jqqwaratice of an the Isthmus of Panama would secure 1 alluvion, formed by washings from the die market for those articles against all .adjoining hills, of decomposed quarts competition. ami slate earth, amf vegetable matter. Some Wen may be formed of the de-' j In addition u» these facts, it is beynml maud for them from the prices paid in ' doubt true, that several vein-mines have San Francisco last autumn.' Coal was! he^n discovered in the quartz, from sold nl $60 to $10(7'per ton ; potatoes ‘ which numerous specimens Lave been] I3P* The French have just started n new idea—Banks of Honor. These in stitutions nre to loan small sums to tht' meritorious poor, without bond, writing or promise to pay, nnd nothing but a na ked pledge to return the loan, which is not to exceed 200,-francs ($37.50) 10 each pplicnnt. L it the industrious and honest poor lave been unfortunate from fire, wnt m ploy merit, sickness, or mur imoug their cattle or for some such ion, and to no others. When a loan is I iff*red i applied tor, the facts are to be set forth, [ H ' fy the , and supported by the declaration oft he j ln fho*e ^ a pplicatit and four witnesses of good re- j e sim. : pate, who may he members Of Ins fa ily. Two registers are to he kept, . one of which wiJI be registered the names of punctual borrowers,nnd In the object, there can be little doubt other the names of delinquents. In the first place, they bad another “ scene” in the Senate between Messrs. Benton and Foote, the other day—which far a time threatened to become rather more serious than their first quarrel—Foote having drawn his u shooting irons” on “old Bull ion,” under the apprehension, as ho said, that the Utter intended attacking him in like manner. It appeared, however, that Benton, who pronounced th»s statement a “ lying fabrication of a cowardly assassin,” was himself unarmed. The difficulty was here aneeted, and a “ committee appointed to inquire into the case,'' although, we believe, it was witnessed by the whole Senate! In the Senate, on the 18th instant, the resolution offered by Mr. Foote, providing for the appointment ol a committee of thirteen, to whom all plans of compromise should be referred, passed by a vote of 31 to 22. So, we presume, a satisfactory adjust ment of tiie questions which now agitate and dis tract the country may be hoped for at no distant day — at 1 *ast so far as the Senate is concerned. It is thought that the main difficulty now in the way will be found in securing the support of a majority of the House to any measure which will give sat- Old Bullion” opposed t* to be restricted i P la, ‘ of re( * Intions to be adopted for that purpose. : product than it is proposed to require The survey and sale of that section w , ,, ° ,Hb< ’ r w ' ,l ‘ ow ". hll " tlsus ®. of ,h f e . i _, , . pie means now employed in the collection of gold of country, undei'our present land svs- The amount, therefore, collected from this sourct lein, or any Other mode -which may be may ultimately be as large, perhaps larger, Ilian devised, would undoubtedly cause ve- that for permits. ry serious discontent among those who ,,J t f r £? c !! u ® a ? : i n . ** , that, b\ the adoption n».. me have gone, anti all who miy desire to collected in a few years will be larger than go there to collect gold, and.a most un- entire district would command in ready moi necessary and unavoidable inequality j f wffered inT and. the interests and pi in the distribution of wealth among the ^ES^SX-.J' purchasers. , iof individual proprietors ; Calilornia and. Sections and parts ol sections of land, whole Union preserved from scenes of anar having no indications of gold on the * r, J if "‘^hloodshed, which must surface, but possessing untold treasure foi*, a°i3 an*atteirpT to*protecTSem hi*the in the bowels of the earth, might be joyment of their purchases, sold for what would be a mere trifle, The salaries of the commissioner and his in comparison of their real value. Ca- sig,a, 't* In *y easily be paid out of the amount pitalisls would overbid the daring. ,n fixcd * um! ' ,n ,hr Wra ot * P" 1 ttrong armed dny-luhn-er. who had 1 have propped to cucltiile foreigners from ihe I „ _ _ braved the storms of Cape Horn, or the' privilege of purchasing permits, and from Working { SIMPLE x^DRE for CROUP. II a privation* ol a journey across the »» discoverers or purchasers in the vein-mines.—j child is taken with crbup, instantly a p- plains and. by lb* power of coml.ina- 3 i‘ Tji'j'dsmi'i!! i P 1 ^ , c "] <1 "' !, ! e f r ' '7 ''“Th' ^ P °J*' bl T tion of resources, would possess them- should be preserved (bribe use and benefit of the , suddenly anti freely to the neck and selves of ihe most valuable mines American people. I mean, of course, all citizen*, j chest, with a sponge. The breathing which have been discovered, and etn-. n ^ _ f 10) „ u _j will almost instantly l>e relieved. S* ploy skirful.minars to examine the try. with as much secrecy as possible, ’ Chilim ey Vicissitudes of Mercantile Life. ivl-i —It is slated in Hunt’s Magazine, Irotn se- 1 records kept during periods of twen- tbe! ty 1° f '» r, y y<*® r *fllint of every 100 l, v i persons who commence business in re- j Boston, 95 at least die poor: that of the ,5a * ! number in New York, not two ultimately en * acquire wealth, after passing through 1 the intermediate process of bankruptcy; rc-j while'in Philadelphia the proportion is en- still smaller. - Daring the mi,,in. lra ..on of 18491 mm «>*» 16o<H, a, possible, lei the jufft-rer drink fifteen thousand foreigners, mostly Mexicans nnd , • • . . i„ orLdtainr, into the minin, « tn itch as it can ; then Wipe It dry; ta>v- miice to all opposition, and fi-1 er it up warm, and soon n quiet stum- ntoal results. The half of the season. | eriesnswonhl enable lhSm. in a great; ! b . cr wi l 1 T , j5 v ® . ,h,; P arenl ’ s ansiely— of opinion it npproaches very near for ll'e purpose of making such discov- j ilietrict, bidding defi«. ».,aal results. The half of the season, j */ies as would enable them, in a great; ^"LTeTdoflnreworih ofenld dn,t which be.lV T V ii", i" tip to the 1st of September, would give [degree, to monopolize tiie most valuable I u,n.ed 6, pnrclmn to the feople of’the United JoKr *"t "J Ilciilth. sixty-five working days; and to each porlinns of the couolry. j States. If not excluded by law. they will return 1 laborer, at SIS per ounce $1,040. If, S It is much easier to imagine than de- ; »nd recommence the wmkofplunder. They may, the re litre, tvo assume S1.000 as ihe scribe the discontent, perhaps, lisnrder,: EJ • b iter end” the bat his power •chief is not *o potent now as formerly, it seem. Clay, Cass, and indeed the lead- imbers of Ihe Senate generally, with the ex- n of Benton, supported Foote’s resolution, isrs. Holmes, VVinthrop nnd Venable, of the have been invited by the Senate Committee, ompany them to South Carolina, with the re mains oi Mr. Caliioun, and they have accepted the office. Mr. Clarke, of Rhode Island, has been ap pointed to fill .Mr. Webster’s place on the Senate The Siale Medici*! Society 1 at Macon on the 10th inst. After organis- iiue delegates were chosen to represent the Society in the National Convention which meeta at nnati in May. An essay on Medical Science read by Dr. Joses of Uiis place, which was received. Several Committees were appoint- prepare Essay* on various subject!. A Com- e was alsoappointed to memorialize the Legis- *, on tho subject of a ** systematic registration of births, marriages, and deaths in the State.” Atlanta was selected as the proper place for the next annual meeting of the Society. therefore, we assume SI,000 as the j me uiscnnreui, pernapstiisonier, , ^ lh( average c»llected by each laborer, tr'ejwould- spring up among a -bun- | Noother •ball rtr l r * — • • • 1 •- .i—_«» .»r- i—»-* — This —$15,000,000 nf which was probably i * R lhe *»abit or regarding as the common MuseU^sligh'teW collected bv foreigners. During the J property, of the people nl the whole >».<! »re not designed I... L.ir.rli.. .i: 2! e. Union. {privileges. Foreig Iris, perhai -- n — -j ..U...V., — . - . —, . . -• o . .having tiie powv. II probably not go beyond the nwrk. | thousand freemen deprived ol the j would permit fu treasure to be thus carried aVay. ’his would give an agregate of $20.-! privilege of an equal enjoyment of, or 1 not allow tnem to purchase permits, or 1.000 fitr Ihe first half of the 5en,..n j pnruc.jv.linn in, whnt 4 hey have been ^ (5,000,000 of which was probably l***^ naotloi regarding as the common cause the slightest inconvenieoce to tho miners. 95 to 02 1-2 cents each; eggs from $101 I>etween too gold and the rock, and in-! foreigners was very much diminished, i j w, J elher • —• to $12 per dozen. ^renting a hitberio uukdowo iu! aud perhaps did ni ezeecd five thou- ^ ^ V'.*****• .V* The distance from Cbagrcs to New ! gold-mining. iaand. Atfhis time the American immi-.r York has recently b^en run iu seven | These veins do not present the ap- gration had come in by Land, and by i“ ber of fellow cilt-i 1 ®. igners, (herelore, would willingly privileges. pay these small sums (or permission to collect a earn away millions of dollar* in value. The object tmnp. tar thnt wo.W not only to idiot... ILTITJ? * '"‘“‘'J* '» *» Ui - .kI- -n-u * —i_ . .’ Hie (M0,ot par own fdiow citizen* the wealth of bat ineffectual; they wosld be more likely to set : ‘j, example of wsaWdinStion, by.desertion, than 1 compel obedience ui others. • = The The system of permits will make _., This will prei yhntuand. They were, mrwt of them, i ■•? be <ar»W wto uccrmfnl oporationl | V.™? ,nl ) ra, - v being linrbured nnd inrvnsrisnrMl mnimn. _„,i i It »s always fortunate when laws can be so framed po>*«ted in the mines. Not being allowed to por- tncxpcnenccd in Oitning, and it IS prpb-1 M to harmonise those interest* with the pofiev « ba,e pe-nrts. the assistant commissioners aided Jnytv^ The some spee. 1 -.~Me.rryap~r.oce rS pheet Jtero: gold mny j «ea. and the number o, leu.— ct.j-i>«^^d.emg! ,b'«» pdki t. iw aten tn final from Panama to San Francis- j have b-en lodged by some violent crop-1 zcnsiii the mines bad, as was estimated, ] anarchy and confusion. No system, rherefon*. i froin the mines all who --- - -coin ten days. Allow three days to! turn. It is combined vrilh lhe quartz,]increased to between f ( *rty ami. fifty ' which i* not in accordance widi the kiternts of, 1,01 P rocure Ul — " convey freight across the Isthmus, on a in 'all imaginable forms and degrees of railway, aud both passengers am! richness 'freights, will be conveyed from New The rivers present very striking, arid, York to San Francisco in tweriy days*! if would seeui, conclusive evidence re- Tliis cdccMV of movement Would se-specting ibe quantity of gold remaining chic for American p*mluc« the entire . undiscovered in lhe quartz veins. It i|,——>u«i me n.na 5 c eoasiJcr any auempt to drive bim-swar as - market of California. Sailing vessels {not probable that ihe gold injh'e dry pfbalf an'ounce *per day ought to be of oppression, heat the raw time feels that 'may be successfully employed between I digging.*, and that .hr the river5—the j considered as remarkable, it would thia^ doe T^pwWss forth* pnvibjres bee •Mir Atlantic arid’Gulf ports ami lhe former in lumps, the latter iudust-^was terminus of tiie* railway on this side of created by- different processes. ‘ That the Jslhmui, and propeUari.lroin Panama f which is found hi the rivers has un- Lamentable DcatU. Mr. Wilson, who is connected with the Coast Survey office at Washington ciiy, was on Wednesday evening marri ed to Miss Little,niece of Mrs. Little, on C, west of Four and a half street; and retired to bed at 11 o’clock. In ihe morning, al about seven o’clock, his bride arose and attempted to awak en him. burhc was dead! The Republic says that an inquest as held over the l>ody, and a verdict i, that the deceased came to his; VIre* and Kobbcrie* at Atlanta t The last number of the Atlanta Intelligencer contains the particulars of the fires and robberies which occurred at that flourishing and rapidity growing town last week. It appears that about lhe ti ne the first fire, which originated at the store of Mr. Wiieat, was extinguished, a large ware- housein another quarter of the town was discover ed in flames. This was extinguished by the - prompt efforts of the citizens, when another ware, house was discovered to be on fire, bnt was extin. guished before any damage was done. While these things were occupy ing the attention of .all, the de pot ol the Georgia Rail Road was broken open sad all the money in the counting-room abstracted. It was subsequently discovered that s regularly organ ized band of robbers, consisting of white men and negroes, had been operating for some time tbete. The Intelligencer cays that stolen goods were found in possession of several persons who, have ilealh by cnngea.ion. cawed by ibe <»? ’ t' . „ «• **«* T ,S . l,een Agriciitto-al to de.ero.ie ' deserters said of ether, narcotics, «cv ; but tt-ap- V ?1M pjared before the jury, upon ample tes- 1 , . * l - i t as to ttanaoiuse thoee interest* with the poller CD » W pernri*. ine asstsiant qominissioners aided able tne resulu of ibeir labors Were not Land duty of the government.-It » believed thsit . the miner*. arooM soon detect »ad arrest them, as great as has been estimated for the aav£e accomplished in this case. ; Sailor* fo’—' — * L first pan nf the season ; amt ezperi- j W6i J« American citizen in the mines is j Je detect. *i minera I »**fe that he is on government property, and would «* frwn r .nccd^mncrs assuming luailbe nvcrdge any auempt to Jnye him away as an act \ The ci tt some-! tec ted fro . 5 ... . .. . enjoys,, from the abandonment oLships’ by their « give an aggrocale nf olxun S20.000.000. ^ ny„„,bl. .q» to which nrccril, . b~.j If from thU tv* ,1 tho “»<»• pnvtlexe*'defiaeo, end to bo protected sumers, because merchants, as a meat It Irotn this deducl the otie-rounb m t hee^*yment of them. > protection, mist charge such losses ltwr w . OU account Ot the early commencement' The gold in the rivers, tin dry diggings, and'go.**, and consequently they foil on those who 4ax on con. measure af sell- their heretofore been considered honest, and who bad carried on an extensive business. The negroes concerned received 39 lashes each; the white men have not had their lrial yet. Eras* Agricultural f*| r . ne upon the time and ol holding the next exhibition, -have agreed ia»y..h.iMbivirk. J fea>ji been lhe fearlu. progie^^e superinduced by-miemperance. . Dr M»y ibe physician —bu had-presenbed c0 i,8drm.h« il. pd- tor Ihe deceased, -as exammed by Oie .tiag-raM August -ill bo sn i»men»; cue ,nd J Ur -7*_ a * SO were _ Drs^Wlllievspfitin ^hatoyr.eitiXfns wilfgiake great exertions foaChrd' nnd Riley. svbo bud mud, B-posi-mor- pebble .rcucc^uiuittathecm*<I<Xris- lem exammalton; and Drs. Dawes, itot.„lio willte licre.