Newspaper Page Text
It from the past transactions we have
narrated, we learn our condition in the
Union—they teach u* also that our past
policy nr non-action and submission to
aggression cannot bring us peace and
safety. When the doots of Congresa
were thrown open to‘agitation on the
subject of slavery, if the Southern
States bad moved with energy to avert
a slate of things unconstitutional itself,
nnd sorely lending to bring the slave
and not alone with those who have the rexelusion of slavery .from California is bright of the Southern people, through- /tr is assumed in that bill, which - virtu- /periy- Whatever the States deal with
power br the will to destroy it. A r doneby the act of Canges, and by • ~ Tl ,k “- :vs — J “ 1J " rpA—^ «• TiiAar i U
1 • * 1 ' Other authority. Tbo co.nslitp)ion
rtoriiy. by submission, may as much be- v J . ... .. T .
tray the constitution, as a majority by 'California becomes the act of Congress
7 Tk. mntlilntinn /Ia.1 not nrift llwl Wllmol Prnl'iIA if Minlaino *1
aggression. The constitution does not
protect a majority; for they have all,
the - powers of the government m their
hands and can protect themselves. The
limitations of a constitution are design
ed to protect the minority—those who
have no power, against those who have
hrfdhi in'd noMlsvebolJing StUMlfc Hencr, ihe great motive anil doty
into collUion—although late, it might of •elf-proteeiion ■> peculiar to a mino.
ITi - - i r———
and llie Wilmot proviso it contains, !*'
not have been too Into to stop ,subse
quent encroachments upon our rights.
But the Southern States were passive.*
nnd their forbearance bas had the ef
fect of inspiring the Northern people
with the belief either that we value a
-tmion wtili them more than we value
the institution of slavery, or that we
dare not move from a conscious inabili
ty to protect ourselves. You have on-
* generously stood still whilst your sup
porters and defenders of the. Conatitu-
* lion in the Northern States, in tlp»ir ef
forts to protect yon From the agitations
of ala very in Congress, have been po
litically annihilated or have turned your
foes. You have tamely acquiesced—
until, to hate and persecute the South,
has become a high passport to honor and
power in *the .Union* You have un
wisely stood still, whilst year after year
. the volume of anti-slavery policy and
sympathy has swollen into,unanimity
throughout?-nil the non-slavebolding
States, rtnd llir; sections of the Union
nnw*foce each other in stern- collision-
You have waited until the Constitution
of the United States is in danger ol be
ing. virtually abolished—or what is
worse, of becoming what the majority
in Congress think proper to make it.— elections of our rulers take place in our
That great principle on which our sys
tem of free government rests—of so di
viding the powers of Government—
that to a common Government, only
those pow.eri should be granted, which
V ifcust allccl all the people composing if,
•equally in their operation—whilst all
jiower* o\er all interests, local or sec
tional, should be reserved to local or
■sectionalgovernments—is in danger of
being uprooted from their Const!
rity, independent of that faith to the
constitution which they owe in common
with the majority. They most protect
themselves add protect tbe constitution.;
and if they fail In this double duty,
they are at least as culpable 'as those
who,' in aggressing upon their rights,
overthrow (bo constitution. And the
public opinion Jnf the-world is in con
formity wbb these views.* The oppress
sor it hated—but Ihe unresistingly op-
E ressed is despised. More respect (bl
urt the tyrant, than the slave who
submits to his power. The Southern
States, therefore, although a minority,
are not exempt from the responsibility
of preserving the constitution, and, in
preserving it, to protect themselves.
In what way shall they preserve the
constitution -and protect themselves?
As a general rule, it is undoubtedly
true, that. when, in a government like
ours, a constitution is violated by a ma
jority, Who alone can violate it in mat
ters of legifUvtloo, it cannot bo restored
to its iniegrity i through the ordinary
menus of the government; for these
means being under the control of the
majority, are not available to the mino-
Itis for this reason that frequent
ed By the'iegislatioa of Congress.
Here then, is. ; Ufot.exclusion from thfo
territory by the act of Congress, which
almost ,every Southern Siatein the Un-
baa declared she would hot submit
to, plainly, and practically enforced by
this bill. A tree people canno; be sat
isfied with the mode in .which they are
deprived of their rights; a sovereign
State will disdain to enquire in'wbai
manner she is stripped of her property;
and degraded from equality with her
sister Stales. It rs enough, that-the out
rage is done. The mode 'is -of little
consequence. ( There is,-therefore, in
the mode of. extending the Wilmot
proviso over the territory of California,
presented by the bill, noihing to tntli-
S tc the indignation of the Southern
ates, of to baffle their determination
to redress the wrong, if inflicted.—
They are excluded from the whole ter
ritory of California, a territory exten
sive enough to contain four large States.
If the Constitution proposed by Cali
fornia contained nothing nbout slavery,
would the North allow her to enteijffoo
the Union? Such were the territorial
bills proposed for California at the last
Congress, but they^rejecited them, be
cause the Smith was net excluded from
this terriloiy; ttr express terms. The
inhabitants of this' territory have been
left without any civil government, sole
ly because the South would not consent
to be legislated out of them with her
institutions; and now that this object is
accomplished by the constitution pre
sented by California, these conserva
tives—these advocates of law and or
der—are eager to admit her, without
right or precedent, into the Union. We
ate aware ol the ihcon v eniencies the
inhabitants of California may have
suffered for want of a civil government
established by Congress; ami, therefore,
prepared 10 yield much on account
pas in which they have
lirely the people of the Southern States!
.11 .k- .iiL-.-i • i -A Tti*-
the Wilmot proviso passed and enforc-; ftom all .the territory purchased. The/
least eviL therefore tbe.bi’l can bring to
the people'of the Southern States on en
tering u, v will' be contention, barrass-
menl and litigation. .
Bpuyqu ,wilLhave a very Inadequate
conception of the importance of the terri
tory taken-lrom Texas by the bill, Myort
confine your views toTexas. If you
will lode .at the tnap ofthe United States,
you will perceive that the-ierritory pro
posed to be surrendered by Texas, lies
throughout the whole extent along the
Western .frontier of the Indian territory.
This if^ndwa slaveholding country: —
and mast he considered as a part of the
South. Place along their whole Wes
tern boundary two non-slaveholding
States, and how will the Indians be
able to maintain the instilotion of slave
ry? If the agency of Congress is not
used, to abolish directly slavery in the
Indian territory, this end can be easily
accomplished by the very means now
in operation against slavery in the South
ern States, which the Indians will have
but little power .to resist. The effect
will be, that the Indian territory, large
©enetal intelligence.
Correspondence of the Philadelphia Inquirer.
; San Diego, April 29.
There has been a terrible affair at
the mouth of the Gila. -Some Ameri
cans stopped there to ferry passengers.
See. over the Rio Colorado. • On last
Tuesday. jhe 28th, a patty of lour or
five, hundred Indians attacked them,
about noon, and killed eleven of them.
of a benefit, the bill n useless as a rem-/veTuioa that all acts of the -federal gov-
edy—and worse than useless in its ernment which tend -to denationalize
usurpation. Such are the various raeas* property of any description, recognized
ures which constitute this cmnpronme. the constitution and laws of the
—• We dp not believe that those in the Stales, or thatdiscrimihate in the -degree
Sooth who at an early day expressed a and efficiency'of the protection to be af-
wilUnguess to support it, had well con- forded to it, or which weaken or destroy
sidcred- its import or even contemplated-the title of any: .cinxcn upon American . . . ^
supporting it without material amend- territories, are plain and palpable-viola- Three only made their escape and came
ments. . We fully appreciate and duly lions -of the mndamental law under into town. There had been fifteen or
honor the motives of those who would ' which it exists, twenty thousand Sonoreans and others,
restore tranquility to the country, nnr 6. That the slavehnlding States can- who had been crossing thq|river during
shall we impugn in any form those who not and will hot submit to. the enact-; the last three months, and the ferry com-
have assisted to frame or who have ment by Congress of any law imposing ‘ pany had nearly seventy ohousand dal-
yielded a support to the measure. Why onerous conditions^ or restraints upon lars. The Indians carried off the money
the non-slavebolding States do not sup- the rights .of masters to remote With and provisions, and burned tho bouses,
port these measures, we are unable to their property into the territories or the ] There had been stories of the extortion,
understand, unless it be, that a haughty United States, or to any law making Ac. of the Americans at the f«*cry.^
fanaticism, inflated wnb socces, dis-; discriminations in * favor of the proprie- Since-this affair we lharo that ihljn-
dams accomplishing its objects by in-; tors of other property against them,
direction. If-these measures, however, | 6. That it is the duly dt the Federal
were really a compromise with which Government plainly, to recognize, amt
the South had equal gains with the firmly to maintain the equal rights of
North, it would be of a doubtful expedi-.j the citizens ol the several States in the
ency for the South to propose it. « Three ^territories of the JJnited States, and to
times in Congress during this contro
versy, the South has proposed the Mis
souri compromise, which has been, t hree
‘limes -rejected by the Norifc, * Twice
enough /or two more States,, will be ishe has proposed a compromise by
Iroffbd^ byibe nnn-slaveholding .which ,«he consented Jo- leave it to the
States.^ Thys.’hy ibese two points
the report,, 'the South will .lose fon
large States in California—two in Tex-'
as and two in the Buitan territory.—
Nftr is this all. Themori-shiyehohling
States will be brought to the Western
boundary of Missouri and Arkansas,
along iheir wholeext**ni, and will bound
Texas on her whole Northern and Wes
tern frontier. Thus the Southern States
will be hemmed, in by the hou-slave-
houling States on their whole Western
border—a |M»lioy which they have de
clared essential to the' end of abolish-,
ing slavery in the Southern States.—
What can compensate tfe.South li
such <
Bur
system of free government, in order
that the people, by their direct interven
tion, may change the majority. But
this resource cannot avail us indie
hitions of the conslitulion,'whieb^ now
press and harrass the South. By
changing their representatives, how
can the people of the South effect the
majority in Congress and- restore the
consiiturion? Their representatives ’ of the circumst;
_ are true? add' have- done all That men been'placed. w
tOlion. Local and sectirmai interests | can do, to preserve the constitution f The next meaJure is in perfect keep- ^prejudices of the Northern people.-
hsorb the time and business of Con- from the aggressions of the majority.— ; Jng with this first feature of ‘Mbe^e- ^Slavery existed in the .District of Co-
Removing them, and .putting other re-% port,** - It takes from Texas, territory
preseniativcs in Congress-, could have!, sufficient for two large Slates, and adds
no effectin restoring the constitution.— 'them to New Mexico. What the hiil
It has been broken by tbe represents- contains wiib respeerto slavery will be
lives- of the people of the Northern of little consequence; for it is designed
gresf, and thus, a sectional despotism,
totally irresponsible to the people ofthe
South, commuted «f the Representa
tives in Congress from the non-slave-
hplding Slates, ignorantofour feelings,
condition and instiluiions—reigns ai
Washington. These are the fruits of
your past forbearance and submission-
If we look into the nature of things,
such results will not seem to be either
new or strange. There is bui one con
dition, in which one people, can be safe
under the dominion of another people ;
and that is when^ (heir interests are end
tirely identical. Then, the dominant,
cannot oppress the subject people, with
out oppressing themselves. The idetK
tity. ofiniercst between them* is these-
cnyity for right government. Bat as
ibis identity can scarcely ever exist be
tween any two people, history bears
but one testimony as to the fate of a . - .
subject people. ^ They. have always «•» or of rs'
been compelled to administer • to the 1 “ r
prosperity and aggrandizement of their
masters. If this has always been the
Slates, who sustain them in‘their viola- that next r w«nier New Mexico thus
lions of the constitution. It is clear that stituted, shall follow die example ol
the ballot box in tbe South is pbwer- California, and be admitted as a State
less for its protection. And the same with a Constitution excluding -slavery
causes which induced the violations of from its limits—for without such exclu-
tbe constitution by tbe Northern majoriy sion she cannot hope to be admitted by
ty, prevents its restoration to ils inieg*-dhe non-slaveholding Slates into the
rity. fThroughout the Northern Stated .Union. The.effect will be that lerrito-
jiere bas beep no indication of any fry, over which slavery now exists,
bange in their policy. Ou tbe contra-
. ltd to . two States, will be wrested /a part of tbe an-cuiled.Compromise,
jjfi the majority against the 8qtuh is ftrom the South, and will be given upto, begins the wmk ot emacipotion by de-‘
ia *— -- •»— *— j — the non-slaveholding States. The pre-Iclaring that if any slave is brought into
tween States* how much more certain
ly most the experience of history bo
tealized between the people of tbe
Northern and Southern States. Here
is a difference of climate and produc
tions throughout a territory stretching
along the whole, belt ol tbe temperate
zone, affecting the pursuits and charac
ters of tbe people inhabiting it* But
the great difference—the one great dif
ference—the greatest which can exist
among tbe people is the institution of
shivery. This alone sets apart the
Southern States as a peculiar people—
with whom independence as to their
infornal policy, is tbe condition oftheir
existence. They most role them**) ves,
. or peristi. r Every Colony in the World
jl where African slavery existed, with
one exception, has been destroyed ; -and
’•* if this ha* been the case under the old
and effete governments of Europe, will
.If not prevail under the dominion of the
courts ofthe United Slates to determine
her rights. Instead of requiring sternly
their recognition by Congress, fifteen
sovereign States have couseuied to he
carried into the courts of the country,
and there to submit their sovereign
rights in „.a territory belonging
pudiale the power to make a dis
crimination between the proprietors of
differenuspecies ol properly in federal
legislation. The fulfilment of this duly,
by the Federal Government would great-
’ly 'lend to resjore the peace of ihe coun
try and to>ifay the exasperation and
excitement which now -exist between
the dtffere.nl sections of lire Union. For
it is the deliberaie opinion of this Con
vention, ibat the tolerance Congress lias
given to the notion that federal author
ity might be employed incidentally and
them, lo their final arbitrament, ^fheir | indirectly to subvert or weaken the insti-
huu.niation did. not win the respect or tut ions existing in the States confessedly
confidence o! the North and the propo*|,-1 beyond federal jurisdiction and control,
liim »», ,«•;»> i«/i cause of the discord which
The South, in our opinion, might ae- menaces the existence of the Union,
ccpl one other compromise, not because which has well nigh.destroyed the eifi-
cessionmy ibis report. We'must not
only yield to the interests, but to the
lumbiu when Congress accepted the
cession "of tbc'terriiory composing it
from the £tate ot Maryland. No one
can suppose fbat - Maryland, a slave
holding State then and a slaveholding
State now, could have designed lo give
Congress atiy power over the institution
of slavery in"this.territogr. Indepen
dently of the wrong to the people ol the
Dislricu to emancipate their slaves, it
would.be an intolerable evil to have s
District between.them, where'ernanci
patioii prevails, by the authority of Con
gress. • Congress, io the bill reported as
00-exteirsive-witb our rights, but
because it has been twice sactioned by
ise who have gone before us. • II the
rth offers the Missouri Compromise,
ilo extend to “the Pacific Ocean, the
rSouth cannot reject it, provided a dis*
ifinet recognition of bur rights to enter
(the territory South of 36° 30'North lat-
•itude, is expressed in the compromise.
We should take this liue, as a partition
dine between the two sections of -ihe
Union, and beside this, nothing but
what the Constitution bestows,
though the Northern Stales -would 1 ac
quire by this compromise, three-fourths^ constitution. . The defenders .of this
greater in the present Congress .than'
u) tbe last, following,-the osual course text is, that there is some doubt a* to Pibe District for sale, be sball.be .vlibe-
bf every successive election for years tbo' boundaries of TeXas. Texas by 1 rated and free.** . If a slave is liberated
past. | Nor bave.we seen in the action her laws, when she was admitted into because be is brought into tie Dhtrict,
of tbe Stales, with few exceptions, any tbe Union, had but one boundary to-jibe tiekt step, to fiberate him because Hb
proof of a returmrig sense of justice to ward* the West,. and that l»oundary j u injhf &ufirict, ie i«u difficult. .The
us; or of rsverened to tbe conititulioa. Was tb^ Rio Gfiande. i^CohgreSS in ibej po wer td eaiaficipdte the slaves in the
Several of them, lest false inferences .resolutions admitting fier iiitothe Un-^District of CoTumbia is thus claimed
might be drawn as iq their position, W recognized this boundary, by layingfand exercised by Congress. Many ol
have taken-care'lately to reiterate in idowa a line oflimitauon between jibe ablest inert bL the South hive de
case under tbe ordinary difference, of the most offensive forms, tbeir former the slavebolUing and non-slavebolding loied that Congress possessed apy Such
interests and feelings which exist be- declaration against our rights; and Smes^beihg* the Missouri Cbropriir.“power, whilst ail agreed, ubtjj lately,
when a great Senator, representing one raise line of 3C deg. 30 min. paraltel of; that for Congre^.to. interfere /with the
of them, anxious for tbe perpetuation-of. North latitude^througb that Very 1 part ainstitutido, - whifsr Sir—-- — : -- J
Ibe Union, has yeMred to advoesus* of her territory,^'JV right to which is fMarylaod and ‘Virgin
something of justice to tbe South,, be novv questioned.' ** * 1 ** !f * " r ~‘‘
Her I
They do not practically recognize the
inferiority of the African to tbe Cau
casian races. They 4° realize,
because the circumstances ol their con
dition do na| compel them to realize,
tho impossibility of an- amalgamation
between the races. Exempt from the
institution ofslavery, it is not surpris
ing that their sympathies should lie A. This rej
against us, whilst the dogma on which
they, profess to boild their system ol free
g<»vc.-rnrneut—absolute rate of the ma
jority—leaves no barrier to their, power
in tho affairs of tho General Govern
ment, and .leads.them to iu Consolida-.
lion. Religion v*0> .false or real—
fires their enthusiasm againu an iu-
, vtilution whicrh' many of .ns professors
; beljevc to lie incoosisicnt with its prin
ciples nn<l precepts. To expect for
bearance from such a people, under
such circumstances, towards the insti
tution of slavery* is manifestly vaijv—
.11 they liave been false to. the compact
r . - - —K , boumUnr.o/ Ibejgf“* qf;. bi!>b -towards ihote
bas been rebuked by ihe Legislature of Rjo Grande to its source alone gave her ) S (ale *. and in outrage^uppu the whole
the State he represents, and •virtually this country, and was thus recognized j^uth- How Tong $11 that facility
denounced''for his fidelity to the Con- and ratififed by the resolutions of annex-1 which yieldsio the prejudice agaiusv
slitulion. This resource then, under atton. To vindicate this boundary of] the^ buying'add selling of slaves b‘e able
the ordinary operations of the Constitu- Texas, as a member of ibe Union, the Uo.resist the greater prejudice which ex-
tioii, is of no avail. And bow Is it with- Mexican war took ‘place; and in the fists ftgai&t the holding of slaves at ^1)
the present .Congress, the only other treaty of Guadeloupe Hidalgo, it wa»!»n iheHWslrici ofCJ.Iumhia,? fj -a
source of redress iothe usual adminls- finally vindicated aod settled, by af - fi^Sb*actmaesMo tfie irtfei
tralion of the Constitution? For six ^clause in the treaty, designating thei r «a and prejutbcea o! the people
months it has been in session, and du- Rjo Grande as the boundary between*.of the North, me S*iuth is tendered
ring this whole period of time slavery Mexico and the United States. ,Thus,T*he last measure of the Compromise—
has been the absorbing topic of discus- by the lawsof Texas; by the legislation f'he fugitive slave bill as they propose
sion and agitation. Yet nothing has of Congress, and-by a solemn treaty ofU° amend it. To understand the extent
been dbneto heal Ihe discomems which the United States, the Rio Grande is the [of >he concession the South receives
so justly exist in the South, or restore a Western boundary of Texas. v Yet the | 'his point, we must look to the rights
bleeding constitution. All we have re- pretension is set op, that her territory.Uhe Constitution confers,
ceived has been hhter denunciations yf does am extend to within three hundred { The framers ofthe Constitution
«»r institutions by many members of miles of^'the Missouri Compromise line,! pewectly.nware^that the General Gov :
> eminent could have but little power to
secure to them tbeir. fugitive slaves in
the non-slavebolding Stales. The whole
internal police of a State must be un
der the control of the State,and by this
chiefly could slaves be re-Caplured.—
The Constitution, therefore, not relying
On-'the fogislation^>f Congress alone, n
quires that a fugitive slave escaping ii
to a hon-sbix-eholding State, shall he
u delivered upon claim of the patty”
whocn he belongs/. . ‘ -
Fugitive slaves arqjput on the firetfog
.. , .. . -- Congress, and threats to coerce us into where Congress in receiviog her-into
restless people of the Northern States L submission. Although nothing has the Union determined ihai hei- territory
'tiado with wAin the constitution, and
have allowed passion and prejudice to
master reason, they have" only exem
plified that frailly and fullibility ufnur
- nature,-which has produced the neces
sity of all governments, aud which,, if
-unchecked.--.aver produces wrongs- „ t ««imwiriance
l «ie jnstituimii of slavery having once, California belongs to the U.iited Sin)
••nlered the popularinind-of the non-
broad and fertile South. The nature of
safety in »ubn
To suhcnil to evils, however great,
whilst they are endurable, is the dispci
been done, a report has been made in should be divided, between the'slave-,
the Senate by a ooir.mittec of thirteen holding and non-slaveholding States.—
members, which is now pending-in that . . . _ . - — ••
body; and as the measures it proposes
have been pressed upon the South __
worthy inf her. acceptance, we deem it.
proper to lay before you a brief consid
eration of ihgu^aitfrs. it contj
[es four distinct
Tews is the only State in~the Union
hich havthe solemn guarantee of the
Government of the United States in
every possible form to her boundaries.
Yet this is the Government which dis
putes them; 'and under the prefext that
they are very doubtful, proposes to take
from her nearly one half ol her terriio.
ry. It is by virtue of such pretensions,
that by the bill two States are to be la-
taeasures—1st, The remission of Cali
fornia as a Stale, with the exclusion ol
slavery in heryonstilutioii. 3<l. Terri-
mrial goveriinienl, .lo be crenleil over sen from ihe'Southern
the Terrimrie, uf Uuli anti New Mexi-' “ ’ '*
cp, with nearly onb ball or Texas to be
atltleil n> the latter. 3.1, Tbe probibi.
lion of the slave trade m tbe District of
Columbia; ami 4th. Ptovisions'for tbe
re-cnpiure of fugitive slaves in tbe non-
slaveholding Slates. To understand
whether these measures are consistent
with our rights and worthy of nqr ac
ceptance, each of them must be consitl-
teetUeporately. Q
Th« South is excluucdQ-by the bill
from the whole.of.,hat part of Califor-
ni.r Ivina nn ihn P.-inifin
lying op the. Pacific,, including
hundred and fifty ihoujand square miles
of territory r, and if ibis is done by tbe
legislation of. Congress, tlwf ropde in.
which iris done, is of nnritnpqrtance.—
slay elmk) i ng St a t i-s, foraction.nhd cony territory, whether from ihe U. States ..
trol, the rest is inevitable. If ove- from the rest of the' *w«>rM»'appropriate
mrained by us, they will go on until ing the'soil to themselves or"erecting a general. Government have any right
African s av e rv will bo swept from ib^ government over it, is of no validity.' mjake. .The terms of tbe annexati
•They constiiute a people in
• ■ '—r— -r-j « prujuc in o<> proper
thing* therefore indejrendent of exj»e-t sense of the term; but are citizens of,
rieoce. teaches us that there can be no the Stales or countries from Iwhich
Jbey have come, and to which they Hill
' owe their allegiance. When therefore
P - attempt^ to carry out aud con-
iif given
Northern States ; add thus wrong is ag
gravated by compelling us to pay for it,
ibrougb - the Treasury of the United
States. /" - r . ; . ■
It is undoubteiUy proper, that Texas
should be quieted as (o her boundaries,
but jibe should be quieted by a law of
Congress, plainly ackpowldeging them
If. -after her boundaries are.settb'd, the
General Government, to carry out life
purposes ofthe Constitution, or in. good*
faith.to fulfil 'all the obligations, the
annexation of Texas to the*.Union re-
quircS, shoo Id 1 Link proper to purchase
any territory from Texas, the;arrange-
meni may be unobjrciinnablc. But any
Arrangement coiicerning-ber territories,
which leaves a shade of doubt as *
-California belongs to the-United States,, rigla of the peopIe-of the South to enter,
and all nciioii by the individoals in-thai rany portidir.Qfulie terriiory; which ac-
IV portiqir ofUlie territory; which
1 cording to terms of annexation are now
vree to ii
ibe-annexation
constitute the compact of the Unit
it ween Texas and the other .Stairs of
Yhe confederacy—and this compact se
cures irrevocably to ibe people of ihe<
slaveholding States the right of enter*
sof tbese individuals, erect- lying South of 36 deg. 30 min. North 4
o ■ • clud- latitude—whilst from all her territory
samajJying North of tharllne, they aroexclu
^ .Lj ti.. ii.t ■ I
rejected.
vacant territory, ibey will have
renounced the insufferable pretension of
icting and preventing the extension
of the South whilst they should extend
indefinitely. •
Having thus, fellow-citizens, laid be
fore you a statement of your condition
Since this affair we leam ihai
dians conceive themselves lb be at
with us, aud I fear that innocent
r suffer. These
cient action of the Federal Government
itself. • 'r'
7. That the performance of tM^fduty
required -by-the fundamental law ot
the Union. The equality of the people'
of the Several States composing the
Union, cannot be disturbed without dis
turbing the frame ot the American in
stil utions. This principle is violated-in
the denial of ihe citizens of the slave-
"holding Stales 61 power to enter into,
the territories with' the property law
fully acquired in''ihe Slates; The war
fare against this right is a war upon thi
right are defenders of the Constitution.
Those who deny, nr impair its exercise
»are unfaithful to .the Constitution, and
if disunion : follows the destruction of
the right, they ore the disunionists.
8. That tke.performance of its duties
upon-the* principle .we declare, would
—j'our rights—and tbe remedy which, j enable Congress, to remove tbe embar-
utuler present circumstances, you will I rassment tn whicli the country is now;
accept, we leave you fora .brief space Involved. Tbe vacant territories ofthe
of time. It is proper to state to you, United Slates, no longer regarded as
that while we are unanimous in approv-
ing the resolutions which accompaning
this report, the delegates to ibis. Con
vention are not entirely unanimous in
approving all the'argumentsf contained
therein, particularly such as relate to
the compromise Bill, pending in the
United States Senate, although nooe
are in favor of that bill unless it be
mended in conformity with our resolu
tions or in .such manner as will satisfac
torily secure to the South, the rights
therein asserted. / % '
Until Congress adjourns,.we cannot
know what ‘l will do, or will fail to do.
We must therefore meet again .after its
adjournment, to consider the final con
dition in which it will leave yoo. We
recommend to you, and exhort you to
send Delegates from every county and
district in the Southern States to- meet
nils'.jvhen*We again assemble. It is no
o ruin ary/occasion which bas assembled
together. The Constitution and the
Union it created, so long dear to yoUr
hearts, are to be preserved anil: your
liberties and your institutions maintain
ed.
resolutions:
1. Resolved. That the Territories .ol
the United Slates belong to the people
of the several States of this Union, as
their common property; that the. citi-. j
zobs of the several Spates have equal (
rights to migrate with their property4.^ on, ' nur
to. these Territories, and' are equally
entitled to the protection of the Fed**
e/al Government in the enjoyment of
that property."s<» long as the Territories,
reiuaiii under the charge of that Gov
ernment. ...
2. Resolved. That Congress has no
power to exclude from the Territory
of the'Union,- nny property lawfofhh
held in the States of tbe Union/stirf Any
which" may he passed by Con*
prizes for 1 sectional rapacity and ambt*
of fogitiyb crirniiinll." and are jo be de-j.press ro effect jliis resuft.is a pli
liveredup 5^ the Stale authorities. If bit ion of the Constitution ofthe United
Ibese.nuthorities do not enforce the
quirements of the C«insii>uiioii, and t id
for the co-operation ofthe few ‘officers
of the United* States Government Ii
Sstates.'
3. Resolved, That it. is the duty
ii the recapture and recovery of fugi-^onaress to provide proper government^
ive slaves. Congress .can do but little for the Territories, since the spirit ./of.
to enfi»rce them. The bill.provi<(m^ American Institutions forbids the main*
t io-j, would/ be grodualfy occupied -by
inhabitants drawn to them bj^tneir ln-
terestS and 'feelings. • -The institutions
fitrtfd to them. would be naturAlly ap
plied by governments formed on Amer-
ican ideas and approved by tbe deliber
ate .choice ojf.theu:,constituents. The
commanity wrudd b? educated and dis
ciplined unites a. republican administra
tion in habits^, of self government, and
fitted for*aaa^spcuMion as a Slate, and
to the enjoyment of a place io the con
federacy. A Community, so formed and
organized, might well claim admission
to the Uniqn^aqd.npue would dispute
the validity of,fhe claim.
9. That a recognition of ibis principle
would deprive-the .questions between
Texas and die -United. States of their
sectional character, and would leave
them for adjustment without disturbance
from sectional prejudices and passions,
upon considerations of magnaminity
and justice.
10. That a recognition of this pi
pie would infuse a spirit or'Concilia! inn
in the discussion and adjustment of all
ihe sulqectsof stHilional dispuie, which
would afford a guarantee of an early
jind satisfactory iletcrirtinatimi.
11. That in the event a dominant major**
ity shall refuse t«frecognize the grenlcifo- ,
stitutional rights -we assert, aud sfialr
deny ibe obligations of the
Federal Government to maintain them/
she sense of this Convention that,
the territories should be treated a*» pro
perly, and divided between the sections
f tbe Union, s6 that; the rights of both
seciions ‘were ‘ ailequately secured in
respective shares. That i
•; this course is open'to gra
jeetimls, but we are ready to acquiesce
tn the-adoptum -of the line of 36 deg. 30
nonli latitude, extending to the
ii>r» vio- ^Pacific Ocean, as an extreme
sion. opoiicorisiiferaii'Mi of w '
km the srabtliiy of ojr institutions.
12. That it is the opinion of this Con
prehtmt> that this controversy Vhould be
grants r
long tp i
difficulty with.them on ourjo
year, but nothing more seijo *“
than (lie loss of some of ou
they stole ami drove »>ff.
We give the above, under a pretty
firm belief, however, that the story is
partial and exaggerated. There has
probably . been, provocation deserving
re particularity of statement than
the brief allusion to *■ stories of exlorUun M
made by the writer. .
Decision iu Professor Webster’* Case.
Boston,-JuneW*
The Surpreme Judicial Conn this
morning, Chief Justice Shaw presiding.
pronounced the decision i^ihe writjof
error sued out by Professor. Webster,
fiir a new trial. The Court‘stat.ed that #
after duly weighing all the ar^inienta
and circumstances connected with the
case, that it could find no grounds for
granting the prisoner’s petition.—-
The case,’ therefore, stands a* it was
underf the trial and sentence/ and no
fu rrlier hopes catfbe entertained of ob
taining a new trial. From present indi
cations, there is no probability of tho
prisoner escaping tbe sentence of the
law heretofore pronounced uponbim.
Rumored Rising of tbe Blacks **
Martinique.
Capt. Currie^ *»f the brig W. J. Wat
son, from Ponce, P. R., in sixteen days,
reports fhat he saw a letter at that place,
from a therebant at St. Pierre, Martin
ique, datefl the 27th ol May, announc
ing that on the'lOth of May the city of St.
Pierre bad been set on fire, and that the
blacks had risen upon the while popula
tion of. the place.
The firing of the city was supposed
to be the signal-for a general rising.
About one bundled houses uere de
stroyed. The city had been fired three
rimes before^ but the confiagralion bad
not spread/
The negroes surrounded the city, and \
according to the report committed very k
serious excesses. Every while citizen 1
capable of bearing arms had been called
out, and the city was under marital law.
Tbe insurgents bad been subdued and
many of them taken prisoners. They
were on trial when the letter was writ
ten, and ft was expected would be shot.
Ii will fie observed that this report is
dated pretty fiir back. We have, how
ever, been a long time without advices
from Martinique, and the last accounts-^,
were that the people, were under appre
hension of a rising among the negroes.
We ibiuk the account of n somewhat
doubtful character.-—iV. Y. Com. Ad
vertiser, 18th inst.
. mg with tbeir properly all her territory^ Haws made by Congress, before the
courts of the Slates and of the United
States, to try bis:«ghi to bis freedom.
j“>a *i«m» «• uwi imic, mej (.n-cjkviu- /fCongrefs can JegUIaie-at all between
led. The hill io the Senate oiates uo mnflec*and slave io a State, where
-?ovision for.earrying out these term pan its power b* stayed ? 11 cao abol-
" the compact, btfTttarve* in jh siermty »»< the States. Thus a poW.
Cue*. Wullnull u* iM CHkan Exfciftin.
We have already informed our re&den ofthe
arrival, la this city, Wednesday evening, of Capt.
Tattnall, ol the U. S. frigate Saranac. He left
the following (yesterday) morning by the Rail-
Road for Macon, where, we regret to learn, his el-
deal son. a Passed Midshipman, is lying dangerous
ly iU. He will return in a tew days, on his way
back to Norfolk, where the Saranac is now lying.
It gives ns pleasure to state, .upon the best au
thority, that the conduct o! Capt Tattnall, in con
nection with i)ie Cuban invasion, has been warmly
approved by the Government al Washington, N ot
only the Navy and Stite Departments unite in ex
pressing their approbation, but llie President him
self, in a persona! interview, remarked that he felt
great satisfaction at the manner in which he dis
posed ol the difficulties fringing out of the inra-
sion. These difficulties were of so delicate •
nature, tha't the Government, at one time, thought
of despatching^ special'agent to Havana to adjust
**■ * " (urtfrer pror" ‘ *• '
•roof Of the reeibOfepf tho
ft pleafure to add.^in|th»*
(oGovermnent, it gives i
‘‘connection, that one of Capt. Taltnall>«
return from Cuba, has been nppoinled^Riraer
iothe Navy. , '
v We have made this statement, not only because
>f the interest which we, in common vritbali oth-
linl is due* Georgians,'Tetl in the fame of^(>pLTattnall sis
a native of this city and State, but in connequenco
of the injurious statements of Washington letter-
writers to the eff.-ct that big
approved of by the Goi
tainance of military governments', in
time of peace, and as all laws heretofore
xisting “ in Territories once, belonging'
o foreign powers which interfere with
tfie full enjoyment of religion, the free
dom ofthe press, ibe trial by jury and
$U other rights of perrons and property
as secured or recognized in the Consii- |
Only fturion rifthe United States are necessa-
rfly void as soon as such Territories
become-American Jerriiofies, it is the.
^!u*.y of the Federal Government io
make early provision for the enact
ment of those laws which may fie ex-,
fpedietit .and necessary insecure to the
inhabitants of and emigrants: it* such
State, i^ practically quite insufficient to
accomplish its aim. What can they do
in such a .State a* Pennsylvania, to re
cover fugitive slaves ? > Yet if Congress
-does aff that it cao'tfo, by legislation, to
eiifSrcethe Const itii I ion, if only does, its
duty to the ^outfi;4n .giving her’ only
what she has a right tft ba'vc. under the
Constitution-—unless, indeed, the Con
slit utfon for tier has no existence.
' The bill then, is, in' the first place/
quite inadequate to restore to jis our fu
gitive slaves, and in the second place,
gives the’SoUjb nothing but what she is
entitled to..J(f this was all, there would
4»e nothing in the bill for which we
shoohl .ct>ncede any thing to -the'Norih.
But it is not all. Under the pretext «f
bestowing on us a benefit, it perpetrates
% usurpation us tfie reserved rights of
the Siates.f It prov ; des_ihaLa slave may r ihe powers of war and negoiiatiou, and-
arraign his master,-by' the authority of! .of sustaining armies and - navies', and
ended, either hy a recognition of the
constitutional rights of the Son i hern peo- further tronr.
pie,; or by an equitable partition of the
territories. That the spectacle of a
confederacy of Slales/mvolved in quar
rel over the fruits of a war in which ihe
American' arms were crowned with
glory/is humiliating. That the incor-
f p»»raiioh of the Wilmot' Provjsd in ihe
offer of settlement, a proposition which
'fourteen Elates regayd.as disparaging
and dishonorable, is degrading to; the
co’omry. ' A termination of this coni,«-
versy by the disruption’ot the cooled*
/Territories ibe full benefit' pf the coni •aro_rmnr'«luty-of Congrras.'io. ayoid.
stitutionai tighfs \ve assert. .
4. Resolved. That lo protect proper
ty existing in the several States ofthe
^exercise
r made no discrimination
ii»n to he afforded or the description of
the property to be defended, nor was
if.allnwed to tho federal government to
same powers. They
' * the' protec- ^
Savannah Republican,
Od-A curiosity in the way of imroal locomo*»
lion, might have been seen ulo^g our streets yes-,
Jterdty; and judging from the crt>vi;d* ihat follow*
ed it About, we conclude it was teeu by » good
many, Tbe individual who 6gtiriM oii*tlie occa
sion Jt it crippled stranger, lately jftjved, who
has a little wagon with three wheels, which he
eracy, or by the abandonment .of the
territories topreventsueba'result, would
drc’av-fiiTiaX to ilie shame which attaches
to this controversy, which If is ihe par-
.V9. That thFs Couvcnlwm will not
conclude that Cougress will adjourn
•wiibnui making an a<fjti3iaient ,6f this _ _
Controversy,. and in the cnnditioh in jper to raa1» a plank road to Milledgeville.
^J-The Picayune says that the region submerg-
guides by me*ns of a trank, and tchich is propell- -
edbtfa goal. The gomtxpptie* hf* he*d behind the
wagon and pushes it on. »nd where it meets with
■ny obstruction, he at once lifts it over with his
boros, *nd on he goes. The animal is quite intelli
gent, understanding the least hint from his ouster.
This, -we suppose, m*y be called a goat, propeller.
—Sat.'Rep• . ' ' - , j
9S*-The Federal Union announces that all the ‘
arrangemenu are now made for the completion of
the -Milledgeville and Gordon Beil Road. The
paper urges ihe people of-Putnam and Jis* .
w discus tho methods sui.ahlo Tor -g J e ■ t* - V T?
i snsiaining armies ana - navies, and c v : ■; Sutesoi ibe Unions driving thousands from their
iSSun.o.ve a .dUho^toV
It is estimated that by December next, four thou- olt. a crowd pf shout I
-*d miles ot ptank roidwilj be in use. in Ohio. thecontents of so<ne
Cot. Richard JobiuoiMS * candidate fsr.ths ^^iel^SSSlSwS?
determine-what should be held IS pn>. tegishtnre’of Kentoeky/'m Seott county. ■ the mat.