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GEORGIA STATESMAN. BY BURRITT & MEACHAM. THE GEORGIA STATESMAN Is published weekly at the Seat of Govern ment, opposite, the State-House Square, at Three Dollars per ann. in advance. Advertisements inserted at the usual rates. N. B. Sales of land and negroes, by Ad ministrators, Executors, or Guardians, are required by law, to be held on the first Tues day in the month, between the hours of ten in the forenoon, and three in the afternoon, at the court house of the county in which ths property is situate. Notice of these sales must be given in a public Gazette SIXTY day3 previous to the day of sale. Notice of the sale of personal property must be given in like manner, FORTY days previous to the day of sale. Notice to the debtors and creditors of an estate must be published for FORTY days. Notice that application will be made to the Court of Ordinary for leave to sell land, must be published for NINr; MONTHS. iCJPAI! Letters must be POSTPAID. Legislative. A LIST OF ACTS, Fussed at the Annual Session of 1825. 1. To divorce Lucy and Charles Hudson. 2. To repeal an act to amend the road laws of Baldwin county 3. To alter the road laws so far as respects Wayne county. 4. To divorce S. K. and Sarah Gates. 5. To specify the amount in which the Clerk of the Inferior Court of Wilkes county shall be compelled to give official bond. 6 To alter the Ist see. of the act of 1823,toestablish district elections in Tell air county. 7. To repeal the act compc'ling the Clerks of the Court to keep their offices at the Court-House, so far as respects Ware county. 8. To compel the officers of the 4th Bat. Ist Brig. G. M. to order all musters of said Battallion to be held at Ganey’s Hill, Liberty county. 9. To authorise a Lottery for pub lic purposes in the town of Bruns wick. 10 To authorise the Sheriffs, Clerks, and other officers of the Southern, Flint, Ocmulgee and Wes tern Circuits, and’of Warren County, to publish their advertisements in any paper printed in Milledgeville, or within their Circuits, and compel Deputy Sheriffs to advertise in the the same paper with their principals. 11. To alter the time of holding the Superior Courts in the Eastern District, and the Inferior Court of Camden county. 12. To establish election districts in Elbert County. 13. To legitimate, certain persons called Mitchell. 14. To change the names of cer tain persons called Peoples. 15. To authorise the Inferior court of Upson county to lay oft'lots on the Common of Thomaston, for the Bap tist and Methodist Churches. 16. To change the name of Louisa Sims. 17. To make valid all bonds giv en by Administrators and Guardians, payable to the Court of Ordinary, members ofthe Inferior Court, Judg es of the Inferior Court Justices of the Court of Ordinary and Justices ot the Inferior Court, sitting forordi nary purposes. 18. To revise and amend the sev eral land acts now in force, in rela tion to vacant lands, and lands sur veyed on Head Rights and Bounty Warrants. 19. To authorise the elections of county officers in Hall county to be held at the district election grounds. 20. Another of the same with the preceding for Gwinnett county. 21. To amend the act to grant tem porary relief to the purchasers of fractional lots, Islands, &.c. and pur chasers of lots in Macon. 22. To incorporate the Double Branch Academy in Lincoln County. 23. To divorce King L. and Jemi ma Williams. 24. To authorise the Inferior court of Fayette county, to convey lots on tin; Town Common to religious soci eties, for the purpose of building Churches thereon. 25. To incorporate the Trustees of the Salem Parsonage property, in Clark county. 26. For the relief of Douglass M at son of Morgan county. * 27. To change the time of holding the Inferior court of Honcock county, so far as relates to the summer ses sion. 28. Extending the time for the ’ax collector ofElbert county to col *' « l and pay over the tax of 1824. 2:*. To incorporate the Thomas ton Academy. ; W. To divorce Thomas G. and Eouisa Duke. •D. 'To authorise Susan Tinsley to a Ferry on the Flint river. •'*2. I’o change the name of cer on persons called W illiams, to Rose, ss * ll divide the countv of Co- 35. To divorce Robert and Ann F. A. Ellington. 36. To establish district elections in Fayette county. 37. To divorce Elizabeth and Caswell Hubbard. 38. To authorise certain persons to plead and practice law in the Courts of this State. 39. To extend the time for fortu nate drawers in the Land Lotteries of 1818, 1819, and 1821, to take out their grants. 40. To alter the act to establish election districts in Glynn county. 41. To form two new counties t’om Irwin and Decatur. 42. To establish district elections in M’lntosh. 43. To authorise the Justices of the Inferior court of Gwinnett coun ty to remit a tine incurred by 1). Thompson. 44. To incorporate the DeKalb Academy. 45. To amend the act to estab lish and incorporate an* Insurance Company in Savannah, and to grant banking privileges to said company. 46. To alter the act of incorpora tion of Perry, in the county of Hous ton. 47. To add part of Upson county to Pike county. 48 To establish election districts in Montgomery county. 49. To entitle Burton Thrasher, of Clark county, to a participation in the contemplated Land Lottery. 50. To divorce Daniel and Par melia Hall. 51. To change the names of cer tain persons. 52. To divorce Nathan 11. and Elizabeth Borum. 53. To establish Pitts’ ferry on the Ocmulgee. 54. Concerning the public build ings of Wayne county. 55. To lay off the state into sev en Congressional districts. 56. To alter, amend and consoli date the road laws of Glvnn countv. 57. To incorporate the town of Knoxville. 58. To divorce Rowe and Sarah W. Harris. 59. To authorise a further sale of lots in the town of Macon. 60. To amend the act to regulate general elections so far as respects Burke. 61. To establish election districts in Scriven. 62. To divorce Jemima and Ma thaison Henderson. 63. To appoint county treasurers and to define their duties. 64. Declaring the manner in which the surveys of University lands, di viding them into lots for the purpose of sale, according to the act of the legislature of 1815, shall be authen ticated. 85. To require the collectors of laxes to pay over money collected by them for county purposes to the proper authority, and to authorize the Inferior court of any county its issue execution against defaulting tax collectors. 66. To change the name of Isabel Rogers. 67. To divorce Elizabeth and Ste phen Bennett. 68. To divorce Henry P. and Bet sy Browm. 69. To amend the road laws of Camden county, and to appropriate monies for the Burnt Fort road in said county out ofthe county funds. 70. To create a Board of Public Works, and to provide for the com mencement of a system of Internal Improvement. 71. For the relief of Stephen Mallory. 72. To altar and fix the time of holding the Superior and inferior courts of the Southern circuit. 73. To alter and fix the times of holding the Superior and Inferior courts of Wilkes. 74. To authorise the establish ment of a new' market house in Au gusta. 75. To extend the corporation limits of the town of Covington. 76. To establish election Districts in the county of Wayno. 77. To regulate the licensing of physicians to practice physic in this State. 78. To change the name of Cur ran Johnson to Rogers. 79. To repeal so much of the 4th and sth sections of the penal code of 3816, as relates to the transporta tion of convicts to the Penitentiary 80. To organize the counties of Thomas and Lowndes, &.c. 81. To give master carpenters and master masons a lien on buildings erected by them in Decatur, DeKalb county. 82. To reduce the amount of Sheriff’s bonds in certain* counties and to compensate said officers tor services. 03. To repeal an act to exempt slaves from road duty on Ossahaw MILLEDGEVILLE, TUESDAY, JANUARY 3, 1826. 84. To authorise the Inferior court of Effingham to act as Commission ers of the town of Springfield. 85. For the relief of John Long of Warren county. 86 To establish election districts in Pulaski county. 87. To extend the corporate limits of the town of Eatonton. 88. To carry into complete effect the act to authorise the Inferior court of Henry county to convey to the trustees of the county Academy a part of lands heretofore purchased for county purposes, &c. 89. To compel the Clerk of the Superior court of Einanua! county to keep his office at the court house, or within five miles thereof. 90. To add a part of the county of Appling to Telfair. 91. To establish an engine com* pany in Savannah. 92. To divorce Sarah and Wiley Rogers. 93. To authorise a Lottery for the benefit of the Madison Academy. 94. To establish district elections in the county of Washington. 95. For the relief of Ilenry King. 96. To authorise E. Jenks to con struct a canal from Ogeeche to the Altamaha. 97. To lay out anew county from the counties of Henry and Monroe. 98. To lay Dut anew county from parts of the counties of Warren, Wilks, Hancock, Greene and Ogle thorpe. 99. To establish election districts in Franklin and Habersham. 100. To divorce Amelia and John Clark. 101 For the relief of Isaac Brvan. 102. To sell and dispose of the State’s interest iff lots of land which have been and may be hereafter de clared to be fraudulently drawn in the counties of Bibb, Houston, &c. 130. To amend the act to lay off and define and keep open the main channel of Broad River, 140. To appropriate monies for •the political year 1826. 105. To incorporate the Mexico Atlantic Company of Georgia. 206. To amend and consolidate the several acts which have been pas sed for the government of the city of Savannah. 107. To establish and make per manent the ferry on the Ocmulgee river known as P. A. Lewis’ ferry. 108. To appoint Trustees for the Dooly county Academy. 109. To incorporate the Zcbulon Academy in Pike county. 110. To lay out a central canal or railway throughout this state. 111. To raise a tax for the sup port of government for 1826. 112. To amend an act to incorpo rate the Lawrence Academy in the county of Gwinnett. 113. To relieve the citizens of Newnan, Pike county. 114. To divorce James and Lu cinda Dooly. 115. To authorise David Terrell to build a bridge over Appalachie. 116. To incorporate the Bank of Macon. 117. To authorise Springer Gib son to establish a ferry across Flint river. 117. To vest the State’s interest in the property of Joel Music in his sister. 119. To incorporate the Knox ville Academy. 120. Amendatory to the 4th sec. of an act to dispose of and distribute the land obtained by the treaty of 1825. 121. 'Fo add that part of the funds heretofore set apart lor the support ofcountyAcademiestothefree school fund so far as respects the counties of Chatham, Irwin Telfair and Ware. 122. To altar and amend an act to amend the 14th section of an act to protect the estates of orphans, &c. so far as respects the county of Wilkes. 123. To establish Martin Hardin’s Ferry in the county of Decatur, on his own land. 124. To authorise the Superior and Inferior courts sitting for ordina ry purposes to be held in the Acade my of Glynn county. 125. To incorporate the Harris burg Presbyterian church. 126. To consolidate the several acts incorporating the town of St. Mary’s. 127. To change the name of C. Barrett to Griffin. 128. To authorise Sami. Calhoun, of Upson county to establish a ferry. 129. To change the time of hold ing the luferior court of Henry coun ty. 130. To admit certain persons to plead and practice in the several courts of this state. 131. To amend the act of incor poration of Franklin Academy. 132. To establish the fees of Sheriffs, and county surveyors, and iiittiiiAtlliiiUiililiilliilliiMilMiMi 134. To reserve for the use of the State all valuable ores, mines, and minerals which have been, or here after may be discoved. 135. To inoerporate the Union Baptist Church, in Warren county. 136. To entitle the Scriven coun ty Academy to their full dividend of the monies set apart for county Acad emies. ESSAY, On the necessity of a General Confederation of the Hispan-Aincrican States, and the plan of its organization. Lima, 1625. — By Col. D. Bernardo Monteagudo. [Trans lated for the National Journal.] Every age contains within itselfthe I'l'jm of events to be developed in the succeeding. Extraordinary epochs, in the social order, as in nature, indi cate the occurrence of rare phenom ena, and wonderful combinations.— The revolutions of the American world has developed the ideas of the eighteenth century; andourtrinmph is but the echo of the thunder that has fallen upon the thrones of Eu rope, which have held dominion over the rest of the w orld The independence which we have acquired, is an event, which, in chan ging our relations and mode of exist ence, has cancelled all obligations that had been imposed on us by the spirit of the 15th century. It dic tates to us the new relations we should maintain—the connexions of honour we should contract —the prin ciples to be adopted necessary to es tablish thereupon the public right which may in future govern the inde pendent States, whose confederation is the object of this essay, and the mode of conectingthe desires of or der with the hopes of liberty. No scheme was earlier meditated ifmong the directors of public affairs, during the revolution, than that of forming a general league against the common enemy, and thus to supply individual deficiency of resources, by the union of all. But the immense distance between the independent States, and the innumerable difficul ties of inter-communication, and of concerting pians between our pro visional governments, seemed to les sen, every day, the hope of realizing the project of a general confedera tion. Until within a few years, what passed to the south of the equator was unknown in the north; whilst information was indirectly received through the United States and Eng land. Every defeat of our armies proved the necessity of a general league, hut the obstacles were supe rior to the necessity. In 1821, this scheme first seemed practicable. Peru, though oppress ed, entered into the American sys tem—Guayaquil and other ports of the Pacific were opened to the com merce ofthe independents. Victory conjoined the north and south ; and the genius which then and now directs the war with ability and fortune, un dertook to execute the plan of a Hispan-American confederation. No project of this kind can be re alized by the sudden and precipitate will of the parties. The impulse must be given by one hand; and the direction committed to one, when all are equally in representation and in terest. The President of Colombia took the lead in this important sub ject, and commissioned Plenipoten tiaries near the governments of Mex ico, Peru,Chile and Buenos Ayres, to effect, by special treaties, the gener al league of our continent. In Peru and Mexico, the proposed conven tion was formed ; and with some mo difications, both treaties have .alrea dy been ratified by their respective legislatures. In Chile and Buenos Ayres, difficulties have occurred not easily obviated, w hilst the common interest alone is to reconcile differen ces of opinion. It remains that ex isting treaties he executed, and the Congress ofthe concurring States in stalled. ' The meeting of the Congress was likely to have been deferred as long as the adoption of the project; but the government of Peru addressed those of Colombia and Mexico, with a view to fix the time and place for the assembling ofthe Plenipotentia ries. • The general aspect ofpublic affairs, and the respective conditions of the Independents, induce the hope that, in 1825, the Hispan-American con federation will be effected under the auspices of a Congress, whose policy will be to confirm the rights of the people, and not of families, who, in time, would disown their origin. This is a historic review of the diplomatic negociations relative to a subject the most important that can at present engage our governments. The consideration of its primary interests will discover if it merit the greatest regard, or if it is but a scheme in vented by power, to excuse the hos tilities of force against the weak, or Independence, peace and guaran ties, are interests of chief concern to the national character of the infant Republics of the new world. Each one of them requires the institution of a political system, that supposes the pre-existence of a Congress, where ideas may he compared and combined, and principles acknowl edged which should constitute and support that system. Independence is the primary inter ests of the new world. To throw off tho-yoke of Spain, to efface even the traces ofher dominion, apd to reject all otherforeign government are en terprizes that will require, for some time, tlieconcentratioir and an uniform direction of our resources. It is true, that at Ayacucho, the continen tal war against Spain, was termina ted ; and that over the expanse of a whole world, there are but three in sulated points where he arms of Castille glitter, or (he banners of Cortes wave, They no longer men ace the safety of the country, hut keep alive the feeling of hostility, and revive the recollection of the ca lamities they have inflicted on the people. San Juan de Ulna, Callao, and Cliiloe, are the last intrenchmcnts of Spanish power. The two first must speedily surrender to the arms of lib erty. The Archipelago of Cliiloe, though it may require the co-opera tion of a greater force, and that mili tary operations should be conducted in the few months that the climate will permit, w ill yet follow the for tues of the continent, to which it per tains. Vengeance, however, still subsists in (he breasts of the Spaniards.— Their professed hatred of us, has not been suppressed. They have no dispo sable forces to bring against us, yet they preserve pretensions, under the name of rights, that they may solicit the aid of the Holy Alliance, which is disposed to furnish it to all who as pire at usurpation of the people’s rights, w hich alone are legitimate. Contemplating the gradual in crease of our forces, the energy and resources developed by each Repub lic in the wxir of the Revolution, and the pride of victory felt by the liber ators of the country, the inference is just, that, if, unassisted in the infan cy of our political existence, we have triumphed over the Spanish forces, superior to us in discipline and num bers, we will have complete victory, when possessed of the undivided re sources of the country. But it w ill also be recollected, that if our con test hitherto has been with an impo tent, degraded, and lawless nation, our present danger is from a conflict with the Holy Alliance. In calcula ting the force necessary for re-estab lishing legitmactj in Ilispan-America, it w ill estimate our present condition and capacities. This subject presents t wo quest ions: probability of anew contest, and the the amount offeree that could he em ployed against us. Disregarding the constant rumours of hostility, and the quasi official data we possess for de termining the views of the Holy Al liance in regard to the political or ganization of the new world, there is a strong inferential argument derived from the policy constantly pursued by the Northern Cabinets of Europe, towards the affairs of the South.— The re-establishment of legitimacy, a word which, in its practical sense, signifies force and absolute power, has been the object proposed bv the Allies. In Europe and America, their interest is the same: and if at Naples and in Spain, the shadow of a throne could not preserve these territories from invasion, the force of our gov ernments will, certainly, not be the best defence from the policy of the Holy Alliance. The mass of force that would be employed against us, in case of invasion, would be proportioned to the extensive resources of the Courts of St. Petersburg!!, Berlin, Vienna and Paris. It is fair to presume that they possess the elements for the re-conquest of America not in favour of Spain, who could never recover her ancient possessions, but in de fence of the principle of legitimacy, ofthis modern talisman, which serves as a watch-word to the enemies of the people’s sovereignty. The first sail unfurled in the ports of Europe, and destined against the liberty of the new world, would be the signal of alarm to the liberal, of both hemispheres. The United states and Great Britain would assume their proper positions in this general contest. Opinion, the new power which at this day presides over the destiny of nations would cement their alliance with iy>; and victory, after favouring each jwrty, alternate ly, would decide for justice, and com pel the sectaries of absolute power, (■riMiaHaMMliini [NO. III.—VOL. I. It cannot be concealed, that the new republics in general, and some of them in particular, would, in the mean while, suffer many evils that cannot now be anticipated, or tlieh avoided, if there be no uniformity of sentiment or action. This implies a precedent convention, andnCongrcss to extend r modify it, by circum stances. It should not ho forgotten, that, if we become mutual Allies, the vanguard of the llolv Alliance will employ corruption and intrigue, the more to be dreaded as our inheritance of vice and prejudice from Spain, has been great ; that, we are yet in a state of ignorance w hich might bo termed happy, did it not happen oc casionally to be prejudicial, of those political artifices and insiduous de signs, w hich entice people from pre cipice to precipice, as if they trod the level plain ; and that, in fine, nil the habits of servitude are inveterate among us, and those offreedom have just been assumed, after political ex periments of our governments, and useful lessons learned in the school of adversitv. A prospect of the future dangers that inav assail us, induces distrust ot the new Empire of Brazil. It was necessary that the t-ansition which we made, from a Colonial State to the rank of independent nations, shouldtake place in Brazil ; but the throne of D. Pedro I. has been raised uponthe same ruins on which Liberty has elevated hers in the rest of Amer ica. The sentiment must !>e expres sed with painful regret,thatthat Sover eign has not testified proper respect for liberal institutions, to whose spirit he owes the sceptre lie wields, in tended as an instrument of liberty, not as a rod of impression, The case of I).Pedro T. before the tribu nal of the llolv Alliance, has been tried equally with our own, but the judgment has been different; he has been absolved, notwithstanding the example of his conduct, which will transmit him as the Chief of a con spiracy against the authority of his father. We arc induced to believe that the Imperial cabinet of Rio de Jane iro will favour the views of the Holy Alliance against the republics of the. new world ; and that Brazil will pro bably become the bead quarters of the servile party, as we are assured it is nowoffthe secret agents of the llolv Alliance. Besides the public information w liich justifies the appre hension of such an abandonment of the American system, an impressive character is observable in the rela tions of the government of Brazil with those of Europe, the cause of which cannot be found but in a simi larity of principles and interest. This rapid exposition of the dan gers that threaten us, demonstrates the necessity of an American league upon the principles originally pro posed. Human providence cannot forsee the accidents and vicissitudes that our Republics will suffer, until their existence be firmly established. In the mean while, an unfavourable campaign, the effects of a European treaty between the powers that main tain the present balance of power, some domestic disturbances, and the consequent change of principles, will promote the objects of the legitimate party ; if we do not assume an uni form activity of resistance and has ten to conclude a true compact, as families, that shall guaranty our independence, collectively and indi vidually. This work belongs to a Congress of plenipotentiaries from each State, which may fix the contingent of troops and the subsidies to he furnished by each of the confederate, in casu fad eris. The immense distances of se paration, the great delay that must attend any concert for the common good, and which is demanded hv the governments of the Rio de la Plata, Mexico, Chile, Colombia, Peru, and Guatemala, enforce the necessity of a Congress, as the depository of the combined force and will of (he con federates, and as the Executive of both, when, wherever Independence may be declared. It is not necessary to recur to pe riods very distant for precedents to justify the measure of convening a CongressofPlenipotentiaries toco'U pletc the dispositions of previous treaties, though they are sufficicn to effect the intentions of Iho on tracing parties. The laic diplo matic history of Europe supports o«r views. After the dissolution of the Congress of Chantillon, in 1811, the treaty of the quadruple affiance was concluded between Austria, Great- Britain, Prussia, and Switzerland. It guarantied the system that Europe should adopt for itself; the subsi dies of each power were fixed ; oth er general measures were agreed on, and the duration of the alliance