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' NORTH AMEKICNA KEMEVV.
CONTENTS OF NO. LIV.
Art.
I. Internal improvements.
1. Report of the Examination tvhich has
been made by the Board of Engineers, with
a View to Internal Improvement, &c. Feb.
14th, 1825.
2. Report of the Board of Internal
Improvement upon the Subject of a Nation
al Road from the City of Washington to
New-Orleans.
11. Winthrop’s History of New-England.
The History of New-England from
1630 to 1640, by John Winthrop, first
Governor of the Colony of .Massachusetts
Bay; from his Original Manuscripts.—
With Notes, &c. By James Savage.
111. The Wise men of Gotham.
The Mrrry Tales of the Three Wise
Men of Gotham.
IV. Growth of the Mind.
Observations on the Growth of the Mind.
By Sampson Reed.
V. Life of Win. Pinkney.
Some Account of the Life, Writings,
and Speeches of William Pinkney. By
Henry Wheaton.
VI. Diplomacy of the United States.
The Diplomacy of the United States;
being an Account of the Foreign Relations
of the Country, from the First Treaty with
France, in 1773, to the Treaty of Ghent,
in 1814, with Great Britain.
YIL Wilson’s and Bonaparte’s Ornithology.
1. Supplement to the Ornithology of
Alexander Wilson ; containing a Sketch
the Author’s Life. By George Ord.'
2. American Ornithology ; or the Natu
ral History of Birds inhabiting the United
States, not given by Wilson ; with Figures
from Nature. By Charles Lucian Bona
parte. Vol. I.
VIII. Phi Beta Kappa Orations.
1. A Discourse pronounced before the
Phi Beta Kappa Society at Cambridge.
By Joseph Story.
2. An Oration pronounced at New Haven
before the Society of the Phi Beta Kappa.
By James A. Hiliiousc.
IX. Greek Lexicography.
The Greek Lexicon cf Schrevelins, trans
lated into English, with many Additions.
X Improvement of Common Schools.
Essays upon Popular Education, con
taining a particular Examinaton of tbs
Schools of Massachusetts, and an Outline
of an Institution for the Education of Teach
ers. By James p. Carter.
XI. Cardozo’s Notes on Political Economy.
Notes on Political Economy. .
By J. N. Cardozo.
XII. Russian Tales.
Russian Tales; from the French ofCount
Xavier de Maistre.
XIII. Revision of the Laws of New York.
Report from the Commissioners appoint
ed to revise the Statute Laws of the State
of New York.
XIV. Critical Notices.
1. Francis Berrien.
2. Bryan’s Poetical Address
3. History of New York.
4. Everett’s New Ideas on Population.
5. Education in Tennesee.
6. Grimshaw’s Books for Schools.
7. American Journals in France and
Germany.
8. Atlantic Souvenir, and the Memorial.
9. The Classical Reader, and the Ameri
can Class Book.
16. Congress of Buenos Ayres.
11. Mason’s Address on Church Music.
Quarterly List of New Publications.
March 5. 1826. 61—ts.
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The Editors.
W GEORGIA, Twiggs co. ,
HEUEAS Senus H. Clark, hath this
day applied to me for Letters of Ad
ministration on the estate of Wm. Clark, late
ot said county dec’d, these arc therefore to
cite and admonish ail and singular, the kin
dred and creditors of said deceased, to appear
at my office within the time prescribed by law,
to shew cause if any they have why said let
ters should not be grdnted.
Given under my band this 6th February,
1827. PETER SOLOMON, C. C. O.
—6o—s t.
GEORGIA, Twiggs county.
HEREAS Robert A. Evans applies
to me for Letters of Administration
on the estate of Nancy McCall, dec.—And
also, lohnF. Simmons and Sarah Thompson
applies for letters of administration on the
t -statc of Daniel Thompson dee.—And where
as also, Yancy P. Griffin applies for letters of
administration on the Estate of John Cox,
. *— Tl,ese ace therefore to cite and admon
ish all cud singular the kindred and ceditors
***£ persons dec—to be and appear at
joy Office within the time prescribed by Law
o shew cause if any they have why said Ict
■evs should not be granted.
1827 ,e " from Undfcr “ y thil -7lliJJan.
PETER SOLOMON, C. C. O.
Mmon Twiggs co. 27th Jan. 1827.
£6—6t
SHERIFF SALE’S.
WILL be Sold on the first Tues
day in April next in the
town of Jackson Butts county be
tween the usual hours of Sale the
following property to wit :
202 1-2 Acres of land more or less
known by lot No. 85 in the first, Hist
formerly Henry, now Butts county
Levied on as the property of John
Wilhight to satisfy a fi. fit. in favour
of Martin Deadwyler Guardian of
Philip A. Wilhight dec’d. Property
pointed out by Lindsay Oglesly.
N. B. Nothing but specie or Unit
ed States money will be taken in
payment for the above lot No. 85.
R. W. HARRNESS, D. Shff.
Febuary the 27th 1827.
61—tds
AMERICAN FARMER.
Baltimore, Febuary 16, 1827.
(gj* We wish that every friend of
this journal should understand, and
that they would have the kindness
to maks it known, to any one who
will procure four subscribers and re
mit their S2O, we will send the Amer
ican Farmer without charge— or any
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We beg also to repeat, that all which
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tual receipt of each number of the
volume will be guaranteed by the
Editor.
The American Farmer is publish
ed weekly—about one half, or four
pages, devoted to practical Agri
culture; the remainder to Internal
Improvements, Rural and Domestic
Economy; selections for housekeep
ers and female readers, and Natural
History and Rural Sports. A min
ute index, and title-page to the whole
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with the last number. A single num
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lication. To all editors who will give
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gladly reciprocate their kindness.
P. S. The American Farmer is
circulated through every state and
territory, and is written for by many
of tbc most distinguished practical
farmers in the Union.
BULL BAITING IN LIMA.
My attention was diverted from
the assembly by the cry of the bull,
and the 9avage monster came bel
lowing from his confinement into the
area; he glared wildly round on the
spectators, who set up a shout and
waved their handkerchiefs ; espying
a horseman enclosed with him, he
made impetuously towards him ; the
horeman had a long spear and a cloak
over his arm—the latter he shook
in the face of the bull, and turning
his horse dexterously on one side,
evaded the plunge of the animal.
This manaeuvre he repeated several
times, pursuing in his turn the bull,
ar.d pricking him with the spear,
when the enraged monster would
wheel on his pursuer, who by the
same slight would avoid him. His
performance went off with great
eclat, but at last the bull, making a
most furious charge, turned the same
way with the horse, and plunged his
horns into the horse’s bowels : with
a spring he cleared himself of his
antagonist, and bounded round the
ring with the rapidity of lightning.
A shout of applause at the feat of
tee bull, who exultingly shook his
gory front at the rider, who firmly
kept his scat on the flying horse,
burst from the spectators. The poor
animal spon became exhausted by
his exertion and loss of blood, when
his rider drew a stiletto and eased
him of life.
Another combatant now came on
the field carrying a long iron spear :
with this be dropped on one knee in
front of the door from which the bulls
issued—one end of the spear in the
ground, and poised the other for the
bull to rush on. One of the firecest
irritated to the highest degree by
his keepers, rushed out of the door,
but paused on seeing what opposed
him. For a moment he pawed the
earth, and bristled his horrid front;
the next with a roar he dashed on
his opponent, who fearlessly eyed
the savage, steadily grasped his
spear, and as he came up received
him on its point, penetrating through
the body and coming out of the
back ; it had cut his life strings and
he staggered and sprawled at the
foot of the matador.—This so pleas
ed the crowd that it was called for
again. Another man stepped up
an 1 took the same station—another
bull was let out. fierce as the former
—rushed with the same intrepidity
to the fight—but the poor fellow
He tibieruntartes, pacisque imponere morem, pareflirt subject*) et debellare superbos.—Vxrcil.
Milledgeville, Monday, March 12, 1827.
loosing his fortitude at this critical
moment, the spear shook in his hand;
the bull pushed past it and pounced
on the luckless wretch ; a shriek—
a toss into the air—and all was over
with him. The monster exultingly
bathed his head in the bowels ornis
victim, and trampled out his flesh
piecemeal. The spectators, al
though they did not burst into ap
plause, evinced a strange apathy at
the melancholy catastrophe, which
did not for a moment stop the sport
from going on.
Men on horseback and a-foot came
on and amused the multitued, by
tormenting and playing with bulls,
xhibiting feats of skill in horseman
ship, courage and agility, truly aston
ishing. Asa concluding piece a
bull came on decked with (lags and
bells, and having attached to his
body in different places bunch sos
squibs. A man was fastened on his
back, whose business it was to tor
ment the bull with a dagger he held
and fired the squibs, which, with the
jingling of the bells, and flaring of
the flags, wrought the animal up to
the highest pitch of madness—he
flew round the ring, he leaped and
plunged, writhed and tossed, but
his tormenter pertinaciously kept his
seat while shouts and cries and peals
of laughter burst from all quarters
—finally, after the bull had tried
every expedient to rid himself of his
troublesome companion, and all the
spectators were satisfied to their
heart’s content with his antic gam
bols, his rider plunged the dagger in
to him, and rid him of his misery.
[Hall's Journal.
From the Casket.
MEMOIRS OFIIORD BYRON.
George Gordon Byron, (of whom
a correct and spirited likeness ac
companies this number of the Cas
ket,) the lineal descendant of a fami
ly which was of consequence at the
era of the Conquest, was born in
England, on the 22d of January, 17-
88. At a very early # pcriod, he be
gan to discover traits of a marked
and original character. Some of his
early years were spent in Scotland ;
but be received the chief part of his
education at Harrow, from which
distinguished shoot he removed to
the University of Cambridge, where
he became a student in Trinity Col
lege. Os the pursuits which occu
pied his time during the short period
of his continuance at this venerable
seat of learning, not much can be
said, since it appears that he des
pised academical honours, and treat
ed with contempt the peculiar stu
dies by which alone they could be
procured. The same indolence that
characterized him at school distin
guished him at College ; but, though
he paid little attention to the classics
and had an abhorrence for mathe
matics, he read the English poets
with avidity, and exercised his gen
ius in writing verses, chiefly of an
amatory description. His turn for
satire also at this period appears in
the sketches which he has drawn of
a collegiate life, and of the labours
of the candidate for public prizes.
At the age of nineteen, he left
the university for Newstead Abbey,
the seat of his ancestors, where he
afterwards published a volume of
poems, under the title of “Hours of
Idleness.” These poems evince a
vigorous conception, and correct
taste, with a great command of lan
guage, and a knowledge of the laws
of metrical harmony. Happier spe
cimens of prococious talent cannot
be found in the history of poetry;
and yet, one of the first literary jour
nals of the day fell with unaccounta
ble ferocity upon the infant muse,
which it attempted to strangle in the
cradle. Roused by this unprovoked
attack upon his book, and stung by
the sarcasms thrown out against his
talents, the noble author turned upon
his assailant, the conductor of the
Journal; in a poem which, for spirited
description, and strength of colour
ing, may vie with the most pointed of
Dryden’s satires.
On bis coming of age, in 1809,
Lord Byron, after taking bis scat in
the House of Peers, went abroad,
and spent some time in the south and
east of Europe, particularly in Greece
and its Islands Amidst his excur
sions and amusements, he devoted
much of his time to the attainment
of the romanic or modern language
of Greece, and also of the Turkish.
Os the former he became complete
master ; and the notes to his princi
pal poems evince the diligence of
his application, and the extent of
his acquirements in philological eru
dition. But perhaps the happiest
proofs of his facility in making him
self thoroughly acquainted with the
structure and idioms of modern
tongues, arc to be found in his trans
lations. It is no hard matter, with
the help of dictionaries and gram
mere, and a good instructor, to gain
a competent knowledge of any living
speech; but it requires genius of a
very superior description (o seize
the poetic spirit of one language and
to diffuse it without evaporation in
to another. This, however, has
been accomplished most effectually
by his Lordship, in his versions of
French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese,
and Greek poems ; and that which
enhances the merit of these perform
ances, is the difficulty of expressing
the manner, as well as the very
thought of the original, when both
have peculiarity arising from local
customs, sentiments, and phraseo
logy.
Having traversed the Morea in
every direction, and extended his
travels over Euboea, as well as the
plan of Athens, and every part of
Achain, he returned to England at
the close of the year 1811, and in
the spring of 1812 he published his
celebrated “Childe Harold’s Pilgrim
age,”—a poem which at once estab
lished his fame as a poet, and ensur
ed the greedy attention of the public
to every production of bis pen. So
rapid and prolific indeed was his
genius, that scarcely had public cu
riosity been awakened and delighted
by one poem, before another made
its appearance, and commanded fresh
applause. If “ Childe Harold” ex
hibited originality of thought, eccen
tricity of character, and richness of
description, the "Giaour” excited a
strong interest by its circumstances ;
while the “Bride of Abydos” had
the higher poetic merit of unity of
design, vigour of expression, and
tenderness ot sentiment. Rising, as
it were, in the scale of emulation,
the noble author now put forth his
strength in anew effort; and while the
world was as yet divided in opinion
to which of his pieces the palm ot
pre-eminence should be ascribed, he
produced a poem far surpassing his
former production in strength of
composition, perspicuity of narrative
and numerical harmony. Still at
tached to the romantic scenes among
which he had so long wandered, and
fond of portraying man as perhaps
he had too often seen him in those
regions, the poet took for the hero
of his piece a piratical chief, who, at
the head of a desperate band, had
fixed his seat in one of those small is
lands whiah spot the bosome of the
Aegean sea. This poem, entitled
the “ Corsair,” was followed (al
though he declared it was the last
time he should appear before the
world as an author, for some years)
in a few months after, by “Lara,”
the “ Siegj of Corinth,” and “Par
isina.”
On the 2d of January 1815, his
lordship married the only daughter
of Sir Ralph Milbanke, (since Noel,)
by whom he had a daughter. This
union, so suitable in rank, fortune,
and the superior mental endowments
of the respective parties, was un
fortunately, in a very short period,
severed by the acknowledged indis
cretion of his lordship; and while
the public were anxiously waiting to
see the course he would adopt for
proclaiming his rights and vindicat
ing his character, he suddenly left
the kingdom, with the resolution
never to return. He crossed over to
France, through which he passed to
Brussels, taking in his way a sur
vey of the field of Waterloo. From
thence he proceeded to Coblentz,
and up the Rhine as far as Basle.
During his residence in Switzerland,
be wrote bis most pathetic poem,
“The Prisoner of Chillion.” After
visiting some of the most remarka
ble scenes in this country, he pro
ceeded to the north of Italy, and
took up his residence for some time
at Venice. Here he was joined by
Mr. Hobhouse, who accompanied
him in an excursion to Rome, where
his lordship completed “ Childe Ha
rold's Pilgrimage.” He then return
ed to Venice where he commenced
“ Don Joan,” and likewise wrote
several minor pieces. After making
several excursions into Tuscany,
he finally took up his residence at
Genoa.
From thence,he passed into Greece
to take that part in the cause of
freedom, so honourable to himscV’
and glorious to his memory. At
Missolonghi, he was, after a short
residence only, attacked with an in
flammatory rheumatic fiver, which
finally put a period to his existence,
on the 19th of Aprd 1824. His body
after being embalmed, was conveyed
to England, ar*d their interred.
Thus was suddenly cut off the
earthly career of a great spirit, while
engaged in supporting, by his per
son and influence, one efthe noblest
causes that the annals of humanity j
ever exhibited to the world. Dying
at the moment whon his countenance
was of essential service to the Greek
cause, and to those public principles
which it is tho true glory of the age
to see rapidly establishing themsel
ves in the world, the event ft deeply
to be deplored.
[Vol. 11. No. 10.— Whole No. LXH.
THE MARTYR— a Fragment.
They came with would-be gravity—and led
A helpless being guarded all around;
And then they bar’d unto the sun, his bead,
And bound him fierce and tightly to the
ground—
No groan escap’d him—not a word or sound,
Save a soft sigh his heaving breast upsent;
He was all calmness—and tho’ tightly bound,
His hands he wrung not, nor his grey hairs
rent,
But with devoted look, to Heaven a pray’r
he sent.
High was the pile around him—still he sate
Serene and grave—no angry glance gave he—
Fierce gaz’d the monks —yet he, sublimely
great,
Look’d to the moment when he should be
free
From earthly toils, and earthly vanity,
Without a sigh—he pitied those who burn’d
With inward rage; and his sincerity
With hatred direful, inhuman spurn’d,
And now their vengeful eyes, in menace to
•• him turn’d.
“Wilt thou recant?” cried one with eye of
fire,
“Wilt thou throw ofTfAy vile religion —seek
From the blest virgin a more pure attire
Tlian thine own curs’d habiliments?” hi*
cheek
Nor blanch’d, nor flush’d—nor essay’d he to
speak;
But his wan eye was lighted with a ray
Divinely given; yet ’twus humble—meek—
Now it was upward turn’d, as if to say
This is on earth my last, but yet most glori
ous day!
They look’d with wonder!—but a moment
gaz’d—
For now the torch was lighted, and the pile
By the breeze pulled, up toward Heaven
blaz’d,
Yet he, suff’rer, calmly sat the while,
And o’er his lace there beam’d a biissfu 1
smile.
Now stretch ing forth his arms, he ardent
cried,
“Forgive them, rather; let them not revile
Thy name again; but conviction’s tide” —
Then with a deep drawn sigh, the humble
Martyr died.
CIREX.
TO A MOLE.
Oh! thou who specd’stthy dark and dreary
way,
Where nought but night and desolation reigns,
Tell me, where has thou been? in what re
cess
Os earth’s dark bosom, hast thou made thy
bed,
Which human eye or thought hath never
scann’d?
Could’st thou but speak, my heart would
shrink to hear
Thy tale of many wanderings; even now,
Whilst thus I hold thee captive in my hand,
And press they downy fur, like velvet soft,
I dread to think, that thou perchance hast
been
A tenant of the lone and silent grave,
And rioted admidts corruption there!
The buried beauty, which some son of man
In life’s gay hour, hath languished for in
vain,
The lip that he so often sighed to press,
Has been thy banquet—the lover and the
friend,
Forsook and left her to the worm and thee!
And hast thou made thy epicurean feast,
Where wealth, where youth and beauty be en
tombed,
And plough’d thy path amid the silent dead?
Thou hated thing! begone!—yet,
Wherefore hate thee?
fie who made the stars, and hung yon bla
zing orb,
Hath framed thee too—He never made in
vain! —
Oh, could’st thou speak how men would throng
to hear
Thy talc of wanderings ; thou perchance
could’st tell,
Where tlie bright diamond bides its orient
liead,
Deep, deep, within the bowels of the earth,
And show the worlding where to find the dust
For which he barters an immortal soul!
Thou subterranean traveller, go thy way—
A few short years, and all that live shall.come
And seek their lone and narrow house with
U,ee! IMOGEN.
From the National Journal.
IMPROVEMENT OF THE
NAVY.
The bill for the gradual
and improvement of the Navyp&fctf't
ed the Senate on Saturday, bv an in
creased majority. Viewing tins sub
ject as one of great public interest,
and the bill now before us as the
most important measure in relation,
to the Navy, since the passage of
the act of 1816, for its gradual in
crease, we think tho following synop
sis of its provisions will be accept
able to our readers, although the
bill was published at large some
weeks since.
The Ist section of the bill sets a
part a permanent fund of three mil
lions of dollars for the gradual im
provement of the Navy, [the sum of
live hundred thousand dollars per
annum, for six years, being appro
priated] the - fund thus set apart
and appropriated to be applied
to the following objects, all of
which are designated in the bill it
self. One of the tirst provisions of
[OR 94 IF NOT PAID IN SIX MONTHS.
the bill relates to the establishment
of Dry Docks, tho want of which has
hitherto subjected the country t©
great loss, expense, and delay, in re
pairing and fitting out our pubflo
vessels. The bill provides for th»
construction of two dry docks, tho
one to the North and the other to
the South of the Potomac river.
The next provision ot the bill di
rects the construction of a Marine
Rail Way at Pensacola, for the re
pair of sloops of war and other ves
sels of an inferior class. Railways
havo, it is understood, been used in
Europe for vessels of this descrip
tion with great advantage combin
ing in a great degree economy and
despatch.
Another provision relates to the
survey and improvement of Navy
Yards, and the adoption of scientific,
plans for these objects.
Another, and perhaps the most in
teresting feature of the bill, is that
which authorizes the establishment
of a Naval Academy. This subject
has of late years created much inter
est in the public mind, and tho want
of such establishment has been scrik
ously felt by the country, and hah
certainly been very mach and very
generally desired.
The great object of the bill, how
ever, and that towards which by
far the larger portion of the fund will
be applied, is th« collection and pro
servatiou of Ship Timber, for the fu
ture construction of ships, of all the
classes now used in the Navy of the
United States. Without the imme
diate adoption of this policy, there
are well founded apprehensions of a
serious deficiency in the most valu
able species of ship timber. Live
Oak.
From this brief statement it will
be seen how extremely important
are the provisions of the bill, which
have just passed the Senate. Should
it meet the sanction of the House of
Representatives, which we see no
reason to doubt, very little will re
main to be done to put the Navy on
a footing of respectability suited to
its great importance, and tho feel
ing and expectations of the country.
Indeed, except a revision of tho
rules for the Government of the Na
vy, and some alterations in the or
ganization of tho establishment it
self, nothing will remain to bo dono
for many years to come, for the fur
ther advancement of’ this valuable
and interesting arm of the national
defence. We feel oursselves called
upon to repeat our convictions of
the groat value of the bill, and to
congratulate the country on its cus
ccss.
Mr. Benjamin Blodgct, the fa
mous Botanist, has just arrived from
London. He has brought with him
400 exoticks, selected lrom the gar
dens of Sir Joseph Banks and others.
From his well known genius in Bot
any, it my be expected that his se
lections arc rare and valuable. 110
has selected a spot near Black Brook
in Goffstown, for tho site of his gar
den. We bane no doubt that Ag
riculturalists, and the state in gener
al, will be benefited by his ingenui
ty and exertions.
[Boston paper.
Packing and pi eseroing seed: —Mr*
Curator Anderson, of the Chelsea
botanic garden, says, he received
about a year ago, from the East In
dies, 24 seeds or nuts, of corypba
taliera; twelve of them were care*
fully wrapped up in a paper, not ono
of which germinated; and twelvo #f
them were bedded in powdered char
coal, every one of which grew free
ly. Loudon says sugar will not pre
serve the germinating principle of
seeds as has been often Btated.
Charcoal, or carbon, is daily de
veloping new properties subservient
to the benefit of man. It bit be
come indispensable to most of the
arts; it arrests putrefaction in vege
table and animal matter; it purifies
air and water; it constitutes our fu
el, aud a material food of plants; and
if preserves the germinating princi
ple in seeds in their passage through
tropical efttnates.
Ijargc Strawberries. —The skill of
tbc horticulturist has been success
fully exerted in great Britain, to im
prove the quality and size of fruit,
by new varieties both by seed and
by crossing. This"-remark applies
particularly to the gooseberry and
strawberry. Os the former, British
nurserymen advertise some hundreds
of varieties. Os the latter, we find
two new varieties advertised in the
Gardener’s Magazine lor April,
1826, the size of which is calculated
to astonish the American \reader—
Bishop’s Orange is represented to be
four inches and upwards iȣcircum
ference. This belongs to the scar
letckss. IVilmot's Superb is from
six to eight inches in circumference.
1 should very much like to culti-