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TERMS,— S3 PER ANNUM, IN ADVANCE,] BIRRITT & M EACH AM, Editors .] THE 6EOZIG2A STATESMAN IS PUBLISHED EVERT MONDAY IN MILLEQQEVILLE, GA. Ca Wayne Street, opposite the Eagle Hotel. BY S. MEACHAM. ICp* Terms... . Three Dollars in advance, or Four Dollars if not paid in six months. — No subscription received for less than one year, unless the money is paid in advance, and no paper discontinued till all arrearages or. subscription and advertisements are paid. N. B. —Notice of the sales of land asid ne groes, by Administrators, Executors, or Guar dians, must be published sixty days previous to the day of sale. The sale of personal property in like man ner must be published forty days previous to the day of sale. Notice that application will be made to the Gourt of Ordinary for leave to sell laud, must be published nine months. Notice that application has betn made so letters of Administration, must also be pub lished forty days. All letters directed to the Editors on business relating to the Office, must be post paid GEORGIA —Twiggs County. 'tV HEREAS Hannah Henderson huthjihis v v day applied to my so. Letters of Ad ministration (with the will annexed) on he estate of John Henderson, late of said co 1- ♦y decM, these are therefore to Cite a 1 admonish all and singular, the kid and and creditors of said deceased, to app r at my office within the time prescribed by la , ts shew cause if any they have why said li ters should not be granted. Given tinder rav hand this 11th M»j IM?. PETER SOLOMON, c. c.-o. 71—St ADVERTISEMENT. fIIHE Officers and Soldiers, who | performed Military services for Alie protection of the Frontiers oi the State of Georgia, in the year, one thousand seven hundred ninety-two, three and four, are hereby notified, that Congress has passed a law, and bas appropriated a sum of mono', agreeably to the estimates of the amount due, mad by Capt. Coustani Freeman, to pav and satisfy them! for those services, the payments L be made under the direction of tin Secretary ot War. In pursuance oi which, the Secretary of War, has ap pointed me the Ag ntofthe govern ment, to settle and pay off thosi claims.—All persons interested aforesaid, are requested to have tiieir discharges from the proper of ficers and vouchers, in readiness for settlement I shall attend at my office, in the City of Augusta, in the months of April and May, to -eceivo all amounts that may be presented within the vicinity of that place, at tar which, I shall visit the differen! Counties in (he State, giving special notice of the same, so as to afford every facility to the claim the opportunity to adjust and settle their claims, with convenience to the*- selves. J W. HUNTER, Agent Savannah Georgian, Mil- Isdgeville Journal and Statesman, will please to publish the above three months, and forward their accounts to the subscriber. Augusta, April 3, 1827 -3m67. Ey Authority of the Legislature of Georgia. LOTTERY, TOR Tf!L BENEFIT *F w riglitsborougii ACADEMY. Voder the Management of T. WHITE, 1 J. F. HA WILTON, H. GIBSON. ID. MASSINUALE, Oi Lift, | W. MoCKAVEN. T* BOWDRE, Treasurer, B. PETTIT, Secretary. SC lIE# IE. S Prize of $5,000 is $5,000 1 “ “ *,OOO “ a, OOO 1 “ “ 1,000 “ I,oo# ti “ “ 500 “ 1,000 4 “ “ 30* “ I,Boft a “ “ 200 “ LufO JO •* “ 100 “ LOOO 20 “ “ £0 “ 1,000 IC* “ “ 20 “ 2,000 200 . “ “ 6 “ 1,200 I, " “ 4 “ 4,000 8,500 “ “ 2 “ 17,000 2,814 Prizes* 37,40# 2,844 BUnks. PUICE OP TICKETS. . Whole Tickets «t 00 Halves 1 00 Quarters 50 Subject to the usual deduction of it feci 1 perctiu ; but no deduction will be made from Prizes for which Tickets wil! be taken in pay ment. —After dtducUiig the sum to be raised lor the Benefit ol .hi Academy, and the ne cessary expenses, from the profits obtaim and tindtt the Sc euu, whatever may remain, will oe iciuitd into new Friz s so that the wheil may he richer lb an appears from the above fLn ; Tin drawings h II succeid each oihi r as speedily as the sale of Tickets will permit, es which due notice will be given.—Attach orawiug the proportional number ol the smal ler and larger Pruts will be preserved as nenty as practicable. Prut* payable Iwen >y days ftci the completion m toe drav ing, bu Pa be pauj al any time if a part will b tuM n m new Tickets (the amount option* n Us a die owner) uoa the didoction mam Uotii n at part only paid in cash. Frizts only drawn. : ccond Drawing on the Third Saturday in Msy next. 1 LeiU'S addressed to me (post paid) wil) u Jpoiuptly attended to. To Printers. —The Editor ol the Georg- Patriort being desirous to bring his affairs t 1 close, and collect in his numerous debts, which during a business of ten years, have been accumulating in different parts of the Suite, offers the establishment of the Georgia Patriot for sale, on accommodating terms, to an approved purchaser. To an industrious and intelligent gentle man, who knows hoiv to shape his politics to the circumstanc sos the times, his establish ment offers very great advantages. During the last two years there have been from 1,500 to 2,000 papers circulat and weekly from the office, and it is probable that there may be a continuation of the latter number ol responsible subscribers. The advertisug pat ronage lias also been very consinderablc, and is increasing. Le’ters addressed to the Editor (Post Paid ) vviil be at.- nded to. IdP Editors in this and the neighboring States will confer a favor by inserting the above several time* For Bale or Rent. ONE of the best and most pleasant house* in the Town of Miiledgcville, situate in Liberty Street, nearly opposite George R. Clayton’s Esq. Any person w ishing to pur chase a house and lot in this place, w ill get a great bagair. if application is made soon, or will get the rent very low for the remainder of the present year.—Apply to 11. ( osnard. JUillcdgeville, May 7, 1827. 70 -ts NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. CONTENTS OF NO. LV. Article. I. New Documents concerning Columbus. Collection dc los Viages y Descubrimi entos que hicieron por Mar 103 Espanoles desde Fines del Siglo XV. eon varios Doc umentos Ineditos concernientes ala Histo ria de la Marina Castellana, &.c. Por Don Martin Fernandiz de Navarrettc. Madrid. 1825. 11. Travels in La Plata and Chile. Rough Notes taken during some rapid Journeys across the Pampas and among the Andes. By Captain F. B. Head. 111. Life of Theobald Wole Tone, and the Condition of Ireland. Life of Theobald Wolfe Tone, Founder of the United Irish Society, and Adjutant General in the Service of the French and Batavian Republics : written by Himself ; with his Political Writings, Fragments of his Diary, &c. Edited by his Son, M ill iam Theobald Wolfe Tone. IV. Kent’s Commentaries on American Law. Commentaries on American Law. By James Kent. V. Policy and Practice of the United States and Great Britain in their Treatment ol Indians. Indian Treaties, and Laws and Regula tions relating to Indian Affairs j to which is added an Appendix, containing the Pro ceedings of the Old Congress, and other important State Paper;, m relation to In dian Affairs. V I. Mrs Hemans’s Poems. 1. The League of the Alps, The Siege of Valencia, The Vespers of Palermo, and other Poems. 2. The Fdrest Sanctuary, k ether Poems. V 11. Critical Notices. 1 Letter to an English Gentleman. 2. Internal Improvement in Georgia. 3. Godman’s Natural History. 4 History of North Carolina. 5. Marsh’s Inaugural Address. 6. Eulogy on Mr. Crafts. 7. Rail Road from Boston to Connecti cut River. 8. Catalogue of Books in the Bosion Athenaeum. 9. Hedge’s Abridgement of Brown’s Phil osophyt 10. Mr \\ ashburn’s Agricultural Address. 11. Nouvelles lace- sur la Popula.tKß -18. Reports of the Faculty of Amherst College. 19. Comstock’s Mineralogy. Quarterly List of New Publications. April 30, 1827.—69—t5. POETRY. ~~ r THE GREEKS. ' The following lines by Mr. Percival, com posed for the occasion, were sung at an evening concert in New-Haven, given for the benefit of the Greeks. Rouse ye at a nation’s call— Rouse and rescus one and all— Help or Liberty shall fell.— Fall in blood and shame. Shame to him who coldly draws Backward from the noblest cause: Not to him who #glits and fa’s— His a glorious name. Sons of more than mortal sires— They have lit again their fires. -Ortobe their funeral pyies, Or their sun of fame. Here y« not the widow’s cry? “Help us or we faint and die— Sec! the murderous foe is nigh— Hark the wasting dime. Whether can we fly for aid? When is now the Warrior’s blade? Low the mighty heart is laid. Death alone could tame. To the mountain —to the cave, Let us fly and weep the brave.- Better die th in live a slave — Better death than shame. Oh! for!jid it, chosen land! Open wide the helping hand: Pour thy corn and wine like sand— VV hat is wealth to lame? Quick! before thi flame txpire, Feed—<•'! feed Ihc holy lire; Feed—and it shad kindle higher— Win a generous name. Americun Manufactures, It stated that orders have been r ceiv •*<l at Piti*burg I. r the manuf.ictur oi eight deam engine*, of twenty-one horse power, designed expressly tor woollens. This shews that the pa - age of the wool bill is calculated upon at the next session of cuu glV-ss. A friend and manufacturer of nm i tunery in New York, in a letter I tbo ciucm jay—' I d«'t rccollw H® tibi erunt artes, pacisque iuiponere morem, et debtllare superbos.— V irgil. Milledgeville, Monday, May 21, 1827. that I informed you we had made an elegant broad cloth power loom to „o to Leeds, which left this country last month. This is certainly anew article of export.” [Our readers will recollect that a little while since, see page 81, when •peaking of the arrest of some per sons in England lor exporting ma chinery to France, we recommend ed that application should be made to our work-shops, and that “Broth er Jonathan” would supply certain important articles of his own “new contrivance.” Our friend Mr. Brew ster, who was in Baltimore a day or two ago, tol/1 11s that the machinery which he had sent, by order, to Prus sia, was so much approved, that he had received fresh orders for the supply of a quantity of his own ma« chines and other machinery for the manufacture of cotton and wool These are new things and pleas ant. We like this method ofexport ing provisions. We pack up 500 or i,OOO dollars worth of flour, in a smai! box, and foreigners ar-- made to contribute to the profits of our firmers, who will rot directly re ceive any thing from them ] APPLE ORCHARDS. (From the People’s Advocale.) It is a pleasing thing to me, to read the experiments and observa tions of men in our own country, on any thing that belongs to farming, and mine may be so to others. I have been taking observations and making some experiments on fruit trees, where I now live, for forty years past I shall give some direc tions how to manage an apple or chard. When you are about to plant an apple orchard, you may lay it out in the following manner: set a stake at the corner of your orchard and tak vour course due south, or east, (as the case may be,) with « cham or line of two poles long, and set up a stake at every length for as many trees as you want to plant ir that course. Then take off a* a right angle by a compass or a square, and set up as many stakes as you want rows in that direction, and so also with the other two squares. Then take a plough and run straight from stake to stake, and cross it like for corn; then take a spade and dig a hole at the cross big enough to re ceive the roots of the trees without bending them. Put in a little soil in the bottom of the hole, before you set in the tree, and set the tree so deep as all the roots will be below plough deep. Give your tree a small lean to the sun at 1 o’clock, and fill up the hole with good soil, and put some clay at top to keep it firm. By giving the tree this lean to the south, the top will shade the body in the heat of the day, which will be of great service to it in the dry weather of July and August; and the high winds in the spring, after great rains, will set the trees straight. If the tree should 1 an the oth*r way the sun will be apt to kill the bark on t e upper side. When you plant your trees you should tie broom sedge about them with the twigs of willow, or white oak splits. This will prevent the rabbits from eating the bark and hinder the sun from hur'ing thorn in the summer, and as sist their growth. If you do not work the ground in corn, or cotton, you should plough your rows of trees like corn, to keep the ground m ■ st bout them, and it will make them grow the faster. You should keep the caterpillars from eating the blos soms and leaves. The caterpillars lay their eggs in June, on the small bl anches on the outside of the trees. Here they remain until March be fore they hatch. The bunch of egg is about three-fourths of an inch long, along the limb, and about one fourth of an inch thick around the limb. They are covered with a black shining substance like varnish ing, and are laid on the late growth. These knots can be easiest seen when the leaves drop off; and at your leisure in the winter you can pick them off. Whenever they hatch, they go up th limb and cat while the sun is warm In the eve ning they creep down to some fork of a limb, where they make a nest like the spider, and creep under the web when it is cold or wet And when it is warm they go to eating; and when th y have eaten ali the leaves and blossoms on that branch, they descend to another fork; and -o ascend new branches, until th' y '•at all up, or until they get to their nil growth. Then they scatter in I every direction, and creep into som» close place, where they wind them -elvcs up in a close silkworm from, where they remain until they are ready to go and lay their eggs I 1 hey arc not killed before they mak< h ir web, the best way to destroy • hem is, to take a stick or pole and iuugh«o it, and rua it utfo xko tak and twist the cateipillars in their own web, and bring them down and mash them This must be done in morning, before they leave their nest; or in the evening, after they return from the branches. This you mud repeat as often as you see them col lect into the forks of the trees In this way I keep my orchard clear of these devourers, excepting those trees that are very large. There is another thing that is des tructive to apple trees*, which 1 call a cancer, for want of knowing what it should be called. It is a thing that erows out of rotten wood that has bark on. It grows in great plen ty on old post oak trees. The out edge isshafp and hard in dry weath er, but in wet weather it is soft like a mushroom. This thing starts from dead water sprouts at the root ofthe appie tree, and by some means en ters in between the bark and wood ofthe flourishing tree in the summer time, and on the north side of the tree. When if once gets a start the sap ofthe tree makes it grow ra pidly, raises the bark from the tree and makes way for the thin edge to grow on between the wood and the tree; and it will soon burst the bark so that the brown sap will run out. By this you will first discover the cancer, and in a few weeks it will grow clear round the tree, and so kill it without fail. When weeds or grain grow thick about the roots of tree*, they are the most subject to be killed thi? way. When you first discover the sap running out, you must take your knife and cut all the growth of the cancer clean off, with all the bark; for if you leave a p ec< only as big as the point of a lancet it will grow, if the bark will si p from the tree. I have taken a piece in ht or ti a nches square off the noh side of a tree,& the tree would live a number ot years after When you find any of your trees di that grow on rich soil, if you find that the bark is loose from the tro at the root, and rotten, be sure that it was a cancer. To prevent this, cut all your water sprouts close to the tree. T have lost a number of my best trees, before I found it out. The growth of the cancer will he as thick as sole leather, and of a black colour, and of aSo firm a substance as to burst the bark of large trees. Amongst other things, you must not neglect to take your gun :a No vember and December, & kill every sapsucker that vi*u can sco cutting holes in the bark of your trees to drink the sap; for they will destroy the tree at last, unless you destroy them. If you want to ke> p your peach trees alive, you must take the troub le to take the grub worms out of the roots of the trees, for they are in plenty in every tree from one end of the year to the other. They enter in through the biirk of tree at the surface ofthe ground when they are no larger than a grain of wheat, and they stay*and eat the outside of th wood until they are as big as one’s little finger. Sometimes there will he a dozen of them in on* tree. When you go to hunt them, clear away the earth from the root ofthe tree, take your knife and rub off the gum which comes out of the hoh that they entered in; cut the bark through, and follow the way they have taken. Sometimes they are above, and sometimes below It took me one whole day to clean sixty trees last spring Do r.ot throw back the dirt to the root, hut let the water stand about the root, for after the bark is opened the water will kill them that it gets at, if you should not find them. The time to prune trees, is in the summer. At the first sight of a water «prout, or a small limb grow ing where it should not, you must cut it close to the tree. If this is done, the tree will soon grow smooth over it; and never cut off a limb thicker than your thumb- II you do, the tree will seldom overgrow it. These things I will hold to be true. JAMES HARRIS York District, S. C. Feb 1,1827. Ra/lwavs. Our readers will per use with no ordinary degree ol sati-.- liiction, the following testimony in favor of railway communications.- It i-> extracted from the letter oi a gentleman travelling in England, da ted 14i h Feb. 1827:—“The engi neer and myself having comph ted, ;O our satisfaction, an inve-tigation of the railways of his kingdom, he parts from me this day to embark in one of the first packets lor Nevv- York Although 1 have been tor Itv o months examining railways, 1 in in a greater state of admiration than ever about them As to thi idtcnomens of the Hetton railway, ■tj can scarcely believe them true .hen tn Ihe midst of them—lt will took to 700 kjp rtjcit/yfJuniJ to fVoL. 11. No. 20.— Whole No. 72. speak of twenty-four empty waggon*, weighing more than thirty tons, be ing forced up hill, all the way by steam, at the rate of eighteen, miles an hour, and this upon a plane a mile and a half long. I came down! the plane, standing upon a knee o the hindmost wagon of 24 loaded ones, weighing altog ther one hur. dred ton*; they descend tho plane bv their own gravity, at first slow and with a solemn sort of grumbhng; bn* when the acceleration gathers to a head, it is as fearful as it is beautiful They are the popular mode of com munication here. Great Britain will soon be covered with them. We •could not have constructed a good one without coming over to exam ine the defects ofthe existing ones here, for it is only the perfections ap pear in the public works on rail ways.” From Niles’ Register. The Agriculture of the United States. After considerable reflection on tho subject and careful references to some ofthe important statistical facts that bear upon it, we have reached the conclusion- —that, at no previous time, during the period of our qp tional existence, has the state of our agriculture more imperiously de manded the serious reflection and care of a wise and paternal 'govern ment, than at the present moment, Th ugh there is. perhaps, 1 ss of actual suffering in the United States than in any other country under heaven, a great degree of pecuniary distress and private embarrassment prevails; and “the prospect be fore us'’ is, unless the profound at tention of our statesmen shall be ex cited and exerted to relieve the peo ple, that we cannot advance to those high destinie to which our republic seems call*d, so certainly and rapid ly as w ought. We totally disavow any desire to build up a forced or artificial system, for the benefit of any class of individuals, even for tli agricultural and though they make up about three fourths of our whole population—but hold it expedient and proper, at all times, and in be half even of an individual citizen, to profit bv all the advantages which God and nature have given, to pro mete “ the general welfaie,” by se curing th* happiness and prosperity of all, and each through wholesome employment and reasonable compen sation for labor. Foreign commerce, as to many of our late most valuable commodities, fails to produce its former effects, and men have b en compelled to turn their attention to new articles ; and the mighty chan ges which have taken place in the condition of our country, in various and important respects, should in spire us with deep and solemn con siderations as to the future ; and indignantly forbid a yielding to tem porary or political-party purposes, whatever may impede the march of ■ Tosperity. or cause abandonments of immutable principles of right. It i« the gift of PROVinEacE, that these United States should be free, inde pendent and happy—*nd it depends upon ourselves whether we will re tain or cast away the blessings be stowed The policy of this repub lic, whether it regards agriculture, manufactures or commerce, interior, or exterior, must not be subjected to the caprices of transient parties or made a matter for political bargain ing—as has been partially the case heretofore, as it appears probable, may be attempted again Thes general remarks naturally occurr and when we sat down to make some observations on the past, pre sent and probable state of our agri cutturalists —in which we hope to adduce some facts a*d opinions that will lead many to a serious consider ation as to that policy which ought to he steadily pursued. We iiaxe no manner of reference to local cir cumstances or peculiar things, ex cept as they shall appear to affect the well-being of th* community at large—and, let factions and parties draw their political or geographical lines as they may, we never yet have believed that there is any ma terial diver*ity of interest among the widely scattered people of the Uni ted Slates; and that, in matters of business, the same amicable compro mises do, or may, exist, which have been established in our political con stitution under which we have had “ peace, liberty and safety.’’ howev er much we have been agitated by political feelings—and the jarring between ins and outs, with the uitr;- gu * of tb**e who, in the langage ol l)e Witt Clinton, have seemed as if | they would “ rather r«ign in li—l I than serve in heaven. ’’ The chief products ol our agricul ture are vegetable and animal food and wool, tobacco and cotton, wAh '•ousiderable ouantitif* of flax an .ernp, sugar be. hut -hal! priori -1 ally confine our r Siufcs tv and fin £rn S4 IF NOT PAID IN SIX MONTHS. Vegetable and animal food (except rice) are the main agricultural pro ducts, for export, from the states Maine, New Hampshire, Massachu setts, Rhode Island, Conu*cAicut, Vermont, New York New Jersey, Penn*ylvania, Delaware, Kentucky, Ohio Indiana, Illinois —and partly so of M -Hyland, Virginia, Tennessee and Missouri. We shall take the three first and the three last years inserted in the valuable table given in the 28tfi volume of this work, page 329, to see what progress we have made as to the export of vege table and animal food : Flour, bbls. 1791 619,681 1792 *824,464 1793 1,074,639 2,518,784 Beef Pork* 1791 72,771 27,781 1792 74,638 88.098 1793 75,106 38,563 212,515 104,443 104,442 316,657 Flour, barrels, 1822 877,866 1823 756,702 1824 996,702 2,581.269 Beef, Fork. 182* 97,610 68,353 1823 61,418 55,529 1824 66,074 67,229 225,102 191,11# 191,110 416,212 Shewing an increase in thirty five years, during which the population ofthe producing states has been al most trebled, of only 62,485 bbls. of flour and 99,255 barrels of beef and pork in three year*, or a yearly in creased export of 21,000 bbls, of flour and 33,000 barrels of beef and pork And, in th* years 1791, 1793 and 1793 we exported 373,352 tier c.es of rice, and only 301,683 in tho years 1822, 1823 and 1824 It is the quantity that establishes ihecapacity to produce,or the amount of the foreign demand; but if th© money-value of these articles is re garded, it is probable that those ex port* and in the three first years was, nearly, twice as large us that ofthoso exported in the three last. Such value was not given in the official papers until the year 1803, and, re ferring again to the table, we have the following items: Flour — dolls. lleej <J- Pork — dolls. 1803 9,310,000 4,135,000 1804 7,100,000 4.300,000 1805 8,325,000 4,111,000 24,735,000 12,676,000 12,676,000 Together £.37,311,000 Flour — dolls. Beef if Pork — dolls', 1822 5,103,000 2,529,000 1823 4,962,000 2,461,000 182# 6,759,000 2,628.000 15,824,000 7,618,000 7,618,000 Together £23 442.000 So wc sec that the money-valuo ofthe chief agricultural products ex ported from the many states named, was fourteen millions of dollars and considerably exceeding on* half more m 1803, 1804 and 1805, than in 1822, 1823 and 1824, The value of the rice exported bears fully tho -amo proportion in favor of the ear liest years. There are no speciali ties in thesi selections —for the ear liest and the latest years gtren in the table are offered, and almost any one of the early years compared with another ofthe later, will ehevy the same general fact. With these results before ns, it h perfectly plain, or, indeed, self evi dent that the numerous people of tho grain-growing and grazing states en umerated above, and containing about three-fourths of all the peoplo of the United States, could not pos sibly depend upon the foreign de mand for their surplus productions : lienee it was indispensable to theic existence, perhaps—at least, to thcif reasonable comfort, (which the hu man laws can rightfully deprive theru „f,) that they should turn their at ution to other matters —and they hhve vested, probably, about 300 millions of dollars in manufacturing establishments in tho breeding oi • ep, and in commerce and naviga tion, and the fisheries, to employ li.eir surplus population, and givt> oread to the hungry The present .iiiniifd value ofthe products of sheep because of their 'cool and skids only, is about twice or thrice as large hat of ah tli* flour or tobacco at n sent exported, however mu b latter art ides engag* the oat i n i and imbues «ri yv'dlic on. to*