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Georgia HI Statesman. TERMS,—S3 PER ANNUM, IN AP VANCE »I BURRJTT & MEACHAM, Editors.] THE OSME& £ I O!HES»SS.O« IS PUBLISHED EVERT MONDAY IN IVIILLEDGEVm'H <>A. On Wayne-Street, opposite the Eagle Hotel* BY 8. MECHAM. ICJ° Terms.. .. Three Dollars in advance, or Four dollars if not paid in six months. No subscription re ceived for less than one "year, unless the money is paid 'in advance, and no paper discontinued till all arrearages on subscription and advertisements are paid. N. b.— Notice of the sales of land and negroes, by Ad ministrators, Executors, or Guardians, must be published sixty days previousto the day of sale. The sale of personal property in like manner must be published forty days previous to the day of sale. Notice that application will be made to the Court of Ordinary for leave Io sell land, must be published nine znonths. Notice that application has been made for Letters of Administration, must also be pub'ished forty days. ♦ + * 411 letters directed to the Editors on justness re Kiting to the Office, must be post paid. AGFICUI.TUE. From Niles’ Register AGRICULTURE OF THE U. STATES (concluded.) We shall now hasten to bring this essay to ■Ct conclusion. The cultivation of cotton is not now at all a profitable business- -the capital vested is large, •and the product in money comparatively small. A Huntsville paper of the 26th January says *’ the planters of north Alabama will readily a gree that the present price of cotton will not defray the expense of cultivation, rent free ” Another paper of the same place, of the 19th, speaking of the prospects of tbo cotton planter, says— ‘ These are gloomy beyond all former ex ample, and the price is depressed below the vr.shes or expectations of our worst enemies.* Ko sensible man would have ventured, five years ago, to predict, that upland cotton of fair quality, would ever full below six ceut« per pound ; but this sad reverse we have witness. «d and felt to our astonishment and mortifica tion. It is well understood, in cotton growing countries that tl»e article cannot be grown and yield a reasonable interest on the capital employed, at less than eight cents per pound, and that the actual disbun merits, ind pend ent of the interest on the capital employed, Dually equal the present price of cotton. ”t Then follow some excellent remarks on the .fluctuations in the price of cotton, and the ex cess of quantity raised, which, if much more -augmented, it is stated, wdl cause plantations kind slaves to be a tax on proprietors, for that the proceeds will not defray the dislure xnents.” Ate. all which is very probable or very true, &we exceedingly regret it; but ‘bad as the bu. mess of growing of cotton may be at the present time, it would be much worse” except for the home manufacture of it—it would not yield so much by one cent per lb. though we have only supposed half a cent in the preceding speculations on this point ol r wiir subject. We tcel confident of this, and eo the difference to the cotton growers would amount to $2,500,000 in the year ’ Examine it —it is so. The home market too, is extend ing A steam boat arrived at Pittsburg, a few davs since from Nashville, laden with six hundred and thirteen bales! The home con sumption is about 175,000 bales—or one fourth •fthe whole product. The whole amount ol domestic cottons sold in Philadelphia, in the years 1804 were valued at only $17,670: those sold the last year were worth tour mill ions. We as sincerely sympathise with our brethren the cotton growers, as with the gram growers and wool growers. Whatever de presses either, injures the whole country. — ’There is no incompatibility in the prosperity of all these interests and of the manufacturng ami commercial, for all operate to a common ob ject. But 1 repeat it—except the sugar plan ting interest, there is no other interest in the country more benefitted by the tariff than the cotton planting. The duty is three cents per lb. times has, and in future will be, «i protection, notwithstanding the export of that article, became of the very inferior quali ties that might be imported and interfere with those grown by us. And to terminate this Jong essay, with observing, that the time is * Who are those “enemies?” They who predicted the present state of tilings, and warned the planters against it?—who exhorted u consumption at home, to prevent so great a glut of the market abroad.? Ed. Reg. ) t The leading agriculturalists of South Car olina are awake to the importance and necessi ty of adopting some new culture in that state. The different agricultural society have formed u United Agricultural Society for the state, composed of delegates from the local societies. At a recent meeting, the following resolutions were adopted. •'Resolved — That it be recommended to ev ery member of this society, to use the best ef forts in promoting, in his respective district, the culture of some staple, suited to our cli- I tnate. and which may divert the attention ot | planters from the culture of cotton, now pro duced in excess. Resolved — That a premium of forty dollars "be awarded to any experimentalist who shall succeed in introducing such new culture, on a vpsce of ground not less than one acre.” This last resolution is evidently intended to encourage experiments with the vine and mul berry. It is stated, that superior specimens ot do mestic wines and of homospun oznaburgs were presented to the society. * The planters of Alabama should follow this example, for surly in no part of the union is x*>ttua such a drug *> * u close at hand when the cotton planters of the United States will be no less the open and a vowed friends of the “American system” than are the manfactures of cotton, of wool, or iron; and expressing a hope, that the three hund red subscribers in the south which we lost, within a few years past, because of our perse verance in respect to that system (though our list is still respectable and now on the increase in that part of our country ) will produce the gain of six hundred, because of the good that we honestly endeavor to do, and sincerely be lieved that we were doing, to our fellow citi zens of the south ; to whom, as well as all o thers, we wish peace and prosperity—and shall always esteem ourselves happy, indeed, if, while suffering what at a certain period ap peared, like a persecution, we can benefit those who have persecuted us, even in the least degree, through our humble exertions in behalf of domestic industry, as the chief agent to render these United States really independ ent of the old world, and to kit them togeth er in the bonds of a common interest and feel ing, for the accomplishment of great national purposes, and the advancement of individual enjoyment; pers nal security, and the—“gene ral welfare!’* NOTE —TOBACCO. [lt Will be observed that tbit article was written before our rail-road project was on foot. The books were opened on Tuesday last, anti, though not to be closed for ten days, and subsripfions were received at oth- r pla ces, the amount of shares taken, (and by those who wdl pay for them, and generally keep them,) already much exceeds the number allowed m the charter. Ed Reg. In a late number of the “American Farmer,” the intelligent editor, speaking of tobacco, say*' — “ Little or none of the article, the growth of 1826, has yet come to this market, except from Ohio. From that state several crops have been inspected, and sold for high prices. One lot of six hogsheads sold yesterday for from 12 to 13 dollars round, and the whole crop of the sam< planter,“eighteen hogsheads in num ber, has past inspection in the finest order, and has averaged nearly if not quite, 14 dollars per hundred. The perfection to which the Ohio planters have already attained, in what has been deemed difficult in the culture, and y't more in the process of preparing for mar ket, is a remarkable proof of the superiority tu be expected in every case where the actual produce is under the constant influence of seif interest and the prospect of immediate per sonal profit That influence, united with the fertility o€the soil, and the extraordinary adap tion of their new lands to tobacco of the finest quality, is raising up a competition to which the planter ot the seaboard, slave labour dis trict, will have to yield notwithstandintg his greater facilities of transportation to markets; and if this great transmontane rivalry beat this time so formidable, how much more irresisti ble wheu, by means of the Ohio and Chesa peake canal, the only advantage in favour ol the lave holding planter, shall have been re moved, and upon how many more articles will that rivalry bear? The Ohio planters who visit our market, avow that whilst they can get four dollars per hundred on their farms, or what is the same thing, clear of expense in this mar ket, they will regard it as a profitable object for the employment of their labor and capital. The particular crops of which we have spoken were transported from more than fifty miles beyond for $1 75 per cwt. and it may probabiWKassumed that the average cost of train-port anon from the state of Ohio not now more than $2 50, or $25 tor 1000 lbs When the canal shall have been finished, the cost,according to the anticipations of its friends, will not exceed five, perhaps three dollars per hogshead May it not, then, be predicted, that Ohio tobacco, of the finest quality, will be brought here am! sold for 1 ss than we can make Maryland of the worst? And what must be the effect of this upon the price of Mary land lands 7 This side of the picture wears tru ly a gloomy aspect in the eyes of Maryland planters: but are not countervailing advantages in store for them? And, were there not, do they not find in their public spirit, and their devotion to the general good, and unfailing salvo for any personal sacrifice? It is known in proof of their patriotism, that the planters of Prince George’s have disputed for nothing but the honor of who should be the first to break ground in this great national work. Emigration — By the special report of the committee of the House ol Commons on emi gration. the committee have recommended 1500,000 to be given, in order to facilitate the emigration of twelve hundred families to North America from the distressed districts of Lan cashire, Yorkshire, Renfrew, and Lanark [.V Enquirer. Sunday Schools. — The anniversary of the several Sunday School Societies, was celebra ted y sterday. The scholars, flanked with their teachers and monitors, and carrying the banners of each school, filed off'from the dif ferent squares and streets into the Park, from whence they proceeded to Castle Garden, where nearly 5000 assembled ; the children, male and female, all well dressed with health and contentment in their appearance Pray ers, singing, and other exercises, terminated the ceremonies ot' these exemplary and excel lent institutions. —.V. T. Enq. May 9. Mummies. — We have bad sev ral Egyptian Mummies in this country, and they appear to be objects of less curiosity, than their antiqui ty <X. other interesting chronology, would seem to require. A Mummy was opened lately at Pans, which had twenty-five biufiings or ban- Hae tibferunt artes, pacisqueimponere morern, parcere subjects et debellare superbos. Virgil. Milledgeville, Monday, June 4, 1827. dages of cloth ; it was in perfect preservation. The finger nails were extremely long ; the hair was perfect, and retained its auburn hue ; the eyes were formed of enamel. The latter circumstance had never before been met with, except once Two manuscripts on papyrus were found—one rolled round the head and the. other round the chest. Their perfect state enabled M. Champpllion, jun. who was present, to read them and make some curious observations to the company The body is that ofTete Muthis, daughter of the keeper of the small Temple of Isis, at Thebes A necklace, composed of entwined serpents, a cross with a handle (which, among the Egyp tians, was the sign of divine life) and other emblems, in serpentine-stone, placed on ihe chest, was surrounded with the layers of the embalming substances, of such hardness that it took more than a quarter of an hour to de tach them, although boiling water was employ el. This mummy is supposed to be 3,000 years old. This is the first instance within our recol lection, that the name and condition of the mummy were ascertained, and hence it ac quires double interest.— lb. POPULATION OF FRANCE. The average population of France, during the six years from 1817 io 1823, has been computed at 30,319,444 souls. The averag of the annual marriages, births, deaths, and increase of population, during the same period appears to be as follows: Marriages 218,917 Total births ------- 957,856 Male births ------- 424,227 Female births ------- 463,649 Legitimate births 65,199 Illegitimate births ------ 892,677 Total deaths ------- 764,848 Male deaths 386,453 Female deaths ------- 378,395 Increase of population ... - 85,255 UNITED STATES TREASURY. Statement of the amount actually paid into the treasury, arising from imports and tonage, •luring the years 1815 to 1826, inclusive, viz : In 1815' - - $ 7,282,942 22 1816 - - 36,306,874 88 1817 - • 26,283,348 49 1818 - - 17,176,385 00 1819 - - 20,283,608 76 1820 - - 15,005,612 15 1821 - - 13,004,447 15 1822 - - 17,589,761 94 1823 - - 19,088.433 44 1824 - - 17,878,325 71 1825 - - 20,098,713 45 1826 - - 23,325,475 83 OLD TIMES. At the battlr of Yorktown, whilst the aids of the American chief were issuing his orders along the Imo, a man was discovered a short distance from it, who presented rather a gro tesque appearance, being dressed in the course common cloth worn at the time by the lower orders in the back country, with an otter-cap, the shape ofwhich very much resembled the steeple of a meeting-house, and abroad leath er apron. His equipments consisted of a small woodchuck's skin, sewed together in the form of a bag, and partly filled with buck shot, an ox horn filled with powder, and an old rus ty gun, which measured about seven feet, eight inches, frotn the muzzle to the end of the breech, and which had probably lain in the smoke ever since the landing of the pilgrims. One of the aids passing him in the course of his rounds, inquired of him to what regiment he belonged. “ I belong to no regiment,” said the fellow, after he had fired his “ long carabine.” A tew moments after, the officer rode by again ; but seeing the fellow very busy, and sweating with exertion, he once more inquired to what regiment be belonged “ To no regiment,” was the answer, the spea ker at the same time levelled his piece at a •• red coat” who was preparing to fire, but who dropped dead before he bad half raised his gun. “To what company do you belong”— to no company—“ to what battalion do you be long?”—to no battalion—“ then where the devil do you belong, or who are you fighting for?” “Dang ye,’’said the fellow, “ I don’t belong any where, I aia fighting on my own hook TO MAKE EXCELLENT BREAD WITHOUT YEAST. Scald about a double handful of Indian meal, into which put a little salt, and as much cold water as will make it rather warmer than new milk; then stir in wheat ffour, till it is as thick as a family pudding, and set it down by the fire to rise. In about half an hour, it gen erally grows thin; you may sprinkle a little fresh flour on the top, and mind to turn the pot round, that it may not bake to the side of it. In threa or four hours, if you mind the above directions, it will rise and ferment as if you had set it with top yeast: when it does, make it up in a soft dough—flour a pan, put in your bread, set it before the fire, covered up. turn it round to make it equally warm, and in about half an hour it w ill be light enough to bake. It suits best to bake at home in a Dutch oven, as it should be put into the ov en as soon as it is light. [Jmincan Farmer. Men raised by merit. — Dr. Franklin, who from a Journeyman Printer', became one ot ths greatest men m the civilized world; and whose life, written by himself, is a beautiful illustra tion of what may be effected by industry and application. Burr, the improver of the st«im Engine, and thereby the donor of one of th< greatest gifts ever bestowed on tb« hum.u raco by maD, was a oathenaatKal maker, in a very bumble sphere. His labours have benefited mankind to the extent of thou sands of millions, ar.d his own family, by up wards of one million sterling * Sir Richard Arkwright, the great improver of the Cotton Mill, was a common Barber. The great Dr Hutton was a Coat Porter. Iluddart, an emi nent mathematician and machinist, and known from its improvements in the manufacture of cordage, was a Shoe Maker. Brindley, h man brought forward by the Duke of Bridgwater, from the humble condition f a common Labo rer, unable to read or write, became the great est CivS, Engineer of his day, for the construc tion of Canals. Bramah, was a common Join er, and established himself as a machinist in London, where he became celebrated for his various inventions, among which his Hydrosta tic Press, and his Locks, stand pre-eminent.— Leslie, who fills a professor’s chair in the Uni versity of Edinburgh, was a common Shepherd Boy Stevenson, who built the Light House on the Bellrock, (which is dry only once or twice for a few hours in the year.) a work of great difficulty and merit, was a Tin-plate worker [Calcutta Pamphlet. ♦ It is calculated that Watt’s improvement of the steam engine in at present an annual saving of labour to Great Britain of 25 millions sterling! And that with a popula tion of 14 millions, she is equal in resources, with assis tance of the steam engine, to a population of 117 millions! This will explain the power and thr rank which Great Britain holds among the nations of Europe, being in re sourced actually superior to all that could unite against her. (Frortl the Southern Advocate.] CULTURE OF THE VINE. ® , The following letter was received several weeks since, and lias been delayed iur want of room until the present time. Believing as we do, that the staple productionsef this stat? are overdone, and are unprofitable to our agricul turists, we embrace with pleasure every suit able opportunity of disseminating among our readers a knowledge of tho advantages ol oth er branches of agriculture. The culture of the vine has fur many years claimed the atten tion of enterprising agriculturists, both in the free and slave states, and the success which has attended every well directed experiment, is ample to convince the most sceptical of its profitableness. In many parts of this state, that culture is increasing yearly, and m this vi cinity during the late seasun, grape cuttings of a good quality have been sought after with great avidity. The country is indebted tu General John Branan for the introduction of a grape which is probably known m the E as tern states and Virginia, as the Bland Madeira. It is the hardest and most productive vine we have any knowledge of. The iruit is tolera ble for the table and makes an excellent wine It is ot much darker colour than it was lour years since, and tbOt circumstance goet to confirm the opinion, entertained by experien ced vine dressers, th.it all descriptions of grape will gradually assimilate to each other in the same soil and climate. That experiment has been fully tested in France, where, out of 1400 kinds planted in the same vin -yard, there were but two or three kinds distinguishable after the lapse of fifty years. Wo are inclin ed to the opinion, that native vines transplant ed and cultivated will improve in quality and quantity ofthc fruit, and will ultimately be pre ferable to all others for wine. These are with in the reach of every one, and the prospect of realizing at no very distant period, from two to five hundred dollars per acre, annually, is highly encouraging to the owners and cultiva tors of land, to commence tire mterenting cul ture gk To the Editor t of the Southern Advocate. During the last summer, whilst engaged in an excursion through the country between Tuscaloosa and Huntsville, I fell in company and travelled lor several miles, with an intel ligent French agriculturist, ju.-t from France, by the way of New Orleans; and who, front the motive of ascertaining tho state of Ameri can agriculture, previous to his return to his native country, had determined to take a view ofthose parts of the country, most highly cul tivated. * 1 felt extremely anxious to seethe impres sions made on the mind of an enlightened for eigner by our manner of cultivating the soil, and was proportionably gratified by his obser vations, which were at once intelligent and liberal. Ort passing through the country west a few miles of Tuscaloosa, he frequently, and it ap peared to me involuntarily, asked, on looking at the soil, and other circumstances around him, ‘are there no vineyards in this section of country —no silk made — ah mon Dieu! it is well fur France.” This expression often repeated, induced my inquiry—did the country around him give any peculiar indications of soil, &c. on which san guine calculation might safely be made respect ■ mg the vine, silk, &cc.? “My friend,” said he, “looked around,” and on doing which I beheld, what bad not before so forcibly arrest ed my atten.ion, the woods literally matted with the wild grape vine. “My triend, ’ he continued with some animation, here is the soil, climate, and situation for the production of some of the first wines of f rance— the best of her silks— and the invaluable olive — -mon Dieu, what arc you citizens about? but ah, it is well for France.” Arriving on a considerable eminence of rath er gravelly soil, which is frequent :□ that sec tion o. country, and what might be called se cond rate land, be r< marked, “if I had mv vineyard bare 1 would nut take two thousand dollars the arpent (acre) for it—it is worth one housa nd wh ere it is.” I: o ceiiauj tffat the sjates of Twaessce [Vol. 11. No. 22.— Whole No. 74. and Alabama,* contain every soil and climfite for the production of every species if wine. It is equally certain, that the climate of those states are highly favourable for the process of fennentatitn which almost determines he qual ity of the best wines; and it is equally as ex traordinary, that so little exertion is making in two states to obtain or cultivate the graves which produce those delicious and valuable wines which ttie soil and climate so highly fa vour the production of. In the nursery of Mr. William Prince of Long Island. N Y. every grape producing the finest wines of Europe is now to be had warranted— those producing the best wines <•€ Madeira, for which pay six dollars per gal lon—the grapes which produce the finest Claret, Malaga. Tokav, the delicious Cape wine, and the boast of France the sp.irklmg Champagne and Burgundy—as also the hun dreds of delicious table gropes, which rank amongst the luxuries ot Europe. These vines are to be purchased from 37| cents, to one dollar each, and from one rout, industry might in no length oftime, product a vineyard. From oiia vine of the real Clare grape forwarded to rue last March, I x»ave planted out in November fifteen healthy cut* tings. With the common success attending the cultivation ofthe vine, w hat will be the n crease in ’our or five years? Thi« one vine cost 37 1-2 cents, and two or throe cents freight, &c. to .Mobile. From the same establishment, I procured the finest species of northern apples, twercy four kinds, including the pipins, spitzenbe. bell flow r, vandervere, the ox anple which I has weighed 35 ounces, &c. : ’.vh o ners, the soft shell almond, the fi <es( species of figs, Chinese mulberry, &c. out of w!i ii 1 lost one apple tree and one grape vine, cut of nine kinds. The rapidity with which the fine Chinese mulberry so highly valued for the production of may be multiplied by engrafting on tho common mulberry winch abouuds m our coun try, leaves us witnout excuse on that subject. Every thing invites ih to be prepared for iho ti ne that appears rapidly approaching as re gards the present staple of the country Such is r however, the tardiness with winch we move, that tile foreigner may we'd exclaim “mon Dieu—what are your citizens about— but ah, it is well for France.” ♦North and Carolina, no doub', are squally well suited to the culture of thr grap< and mulberry. The British Government manifest a very laudable per* severance in attempting polar discoveries, and pa-u 'nr-- ly in seeking for u pav’ege round the northern tremity us the American conun nt. The ship Hecla, co r at'd d by Cspt. Parry, has been fitted out, and ere this h ■ s ;■ d on * voyage of discovery to t- st North Pole. Her burden is 400 tons, eat ries on!’- ’v o six pounders, Mid a cempiemi nt of-dxty four >nt*n, vix. to Lieutenaats, seventeen other oilisers, aevuj tuaiku.s, aad die rest a fine crew of seamen. “ The .ship is about 12 years old ; the » x pedition to Algiers in 10l >, having been ii< r very first trip. She carries nineteen months provisions, 45 chaldrons of coal, and her wa ter in bulk, or, more properly speaking, in tank', instead of water casks, which con.-ti tutes a great saving in stowage ; .in object oi great importance in long voyages. ’ “ The greatest attention has bi en paid to the victualling department of the ship. Pre served meat, beet pork, veal and mutton, be sides vegetables, are carried out in tin canis ters, besides 2000 pounds weight of pimmic m, a concentrated essence of meat dried by a tiro of oak and elm wood, six pounds of tiic best beef licmg reduced into one pound, the con trivance of a Mr Holmes, a surgeon, and lata a resident of Hudson’s Bay. Samples of tins quintessence of animal food ire shown on board, having the appearance, and somewhat the tl - vor of German sausages, with that diiTcrci c<y however that the expence of it is said to ba 17s. per pound This is intended to be used in the boats after leaving the ship al Spitsber gen, as well as the biscuit powder.” * The strength of rum is rectified to 55 per ci»nt above proof” “ The ship herself is secured by strong iron knees both fore & aft She is lined all over wth withacoatirgofcork, in layers of 3 inches thick to protect the men against cold and damp Iron flues, of a semi cylindrical shape, convey heat ed air to all parts of the ship, from a stove be low the lower deck as well as from the ca boose between decks, subject to the regula tion of a thermometer. From 60 to 70 dead lights, in various parts of the deck, convey light not only to all the officers and warrant officers’ cabins but to the crew. They arc so arranged that they may be taken out, and ven tilators screwed in tin ir places to air the ship* The boards of the upper deck are not laid lon gitudinally as usual, but diagonaPy, for the »ake of the greater strength. A patent cap stan, by Phillips, in perpendicular position, with three rrultiplying wheels, is placed be tween the main an< mizen mast, besides a hor izontal one aft of the forecast ; the former being of a new construction. In comforts fur the crew, the Hecla far exceeds any ship of her size, the sleeping places, tables, i:c. being arranged with great judiciousness. Every two men have a large box like an armed chest as signed to them, duly numbered, wbicn serves for a seat The tables are covered with gr-< u baize. Light, airiness, elegance aud salubrity, character ze every part between decks Iwo arm-chests, four pump-, three compasses, one ot them on an elev ited -tand. and live bo.«ls, are upon deck, and thr.e ice boats nave ar rived from Woolwich, but ar- for the pre-’-ct deposited in the Kinn’s R' ui.J lha i-aainmast io an assemblage u« boardinu pikes t j keep thv bears off, or anjr suck urfrusHC